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\u4f8b\u5982A.Olorunfemi\uff0c\u201cThe Liquor Traffic Dilemma in British West Africa\uff1aThe Southern Nigerian Example\uff0c1895-1918\uff0c\u201dInternational Journal of African Historical Studies\uff0cVol.17\uff0cNo.2\uff081984\uff09\uff0cpp.220-242;Ayodeji Olukoju\uff0c\u201cProhibition and Paternalism\uff1a The State and the Clandestine Liquor Traffic in Northern Nigeria\uff0c c.1898-1918\uff0c\u201dInternational Journal of African Historical Studies\uff0cVol.24\uff0c No.2\uff081991\uff09\uff0cpp.349-368;Jonathan Crush and Charles Ambler\uff0ceds.\uff0cLiquor and Labour in Southern Africa\uff0cAthens\uff1aOhio University Press\uff0c1992.20\u4e16\u7eaa90\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u671f\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u975e\u6d32\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5f00\u59cb\u5c06\u996e\u9152\u89c6\u4f5c\u4e00\u79cd\u6587\u5316\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u975e\u6d32\u996e\u9152\u6587\u5316\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5ef6\u7eed\u6027\u4ee5\u53ca\u975e\u6d32\u793e\u4f1a\u80fd\u52a8\u6027\uff0c\u5173\u6ce8\u975e\u6d32\u793e\u4f1a\u5185\u90e8\u56f4\u7ed5\u7740\u996e\u9152\u6743\u95ee\u9898\u6240\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u6fc0\u70c8\u51b2\u7a81\u3002 \u53c2\u89c1Emmanuel Akyeampong\uff0cDrink\uff0cPower and Cultural Change\uff1aA Social History of Alcohol in Ghana\uff0cc.1800 to Present Times\uff0cOxford\uff1aJames Currey\uff0c1996; Justin Willis\uff0c\u201cEnkurma Sikitoi\uff1aCommoditization\uff0cDrinking and Power among the Maasai\uff0c\u201dInternational Journal of African Historical Studies\uff0cVol.32\uff0c No.2\/3\uff081999\uff09\uff0cpp.339-357.\u5728\u68b3\u7406\u5148\u884c\u7814\u7a76\u6f14\u9032\u8109\u7edc\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u9996\u5148\u4ecb\u7ecd\u6b96\u6c11\u65f6\u4ee3\u975e\u6d32\u793e\u4f1a\u996e\u9152\u6d88\u8d39\u7684\u6df1\u523b\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u63a2\u8ba8\u82f1\u5c5e\u975e\u6d32\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u653f\u5e9c\u7981\u9152\u653f\u7b56\u51fa\u53f0\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u548c\u4e3b\u8981\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u7740\u91cd\u8ba8\u8bba\u7981\u9152\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u6210\u6548\u4ee5\u53ca\u975e\u6d32\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u3001\u6b96\u6c11\u65f6\u4ee3\u975e\u6d32\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u996e\u9152\u6d88\u8d39<\/p>\n<p>\u6492\u54c8\u62c9\u4ee5\u5357\u975e\u6d32\u7684\u5927\u591a\u6570\u793e\u4f1a\u6709\u7740\u751f\u4ea7\u548c\u6d88\u8d39\u9152\u7c7b\u7684\u60a0\u4e45\u4f20\u7edf\u300219\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u6b96\u6c11\u7edf\u6cbb\u9010\u6e10\u786e\u7acb\uff0c\u65b0\u578b\u5236\u9152\u6280\u672f\u7684\u63a8\u5e7f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u9152\u7c7b\u751f\u4ea7\u65e5\u76ca\u5546\u54c1\u5316\uff0c\u975e\u6d32\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u996e\u9152\u6d88\u8d39\u53d1\u751f\u6df1\u523b\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u996e\u9152\u6108\u76ca\u6d41\u884c\u5e76\u6210\u4e3a\u57ce\u9547\u5927\u4f17\u6587\u5316\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5185\u5bb9\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u6b96\u6c11\u65f6\u4ee3\u975e\u6d32\u793e\u4f1a\u996e\u9152\u6240\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u6df1\u523b\u53d8\u5316\u4e0e\u5f53\u65f6\u975e\u6d32\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5267\u70c8\u53d8\u8fc1\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u5173\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1.\u975e\u6d32\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u996e\u9152\u4f20\u7edf<\/p>\n<p>\u6492\u54c8\u62c9\u4ee5\u5357\u975e\u6d32\u6709\u7740\u60a0\u4e45\u7684\u996e\u9152\u4f20\u7edf\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u975e\u6d32\u793e\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u5404\u79cd\u679c\u5b9e\u548c\u8c37\u7269\u6765\u917f\u9152\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4e1c\u975e\u548c\u897f\u975e\u7684\u68d5\u6988\u9152\u3001\u5927\u6e56\u5730\u533a\u7684\u9999\u8549\u9152\uff0c\u57c3\u585e\u4fc4\u6bd4\u4e9a\u7684\u8702\u871c\u9152\uff08tejj\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5357\u90e8\u975e\u6d32\u7684\u7389\u7c73\u9152\u6216\u8005\u9ad8\u7cb1\u5564\u9152\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9152\u7c7b\u7684\u9152\u7cbe\u542b\u91cf\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u4f4e\u3002\u9152\u5728\u975e\u6d32\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u53d1\u6325\u7740\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u6587\u5316\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u5a5a\u59fb\u3001\u8282\u65e5\u548c\u5a31\u4e50\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u83b7\u53d6\u9152\u7c7b\u7684\u6743\u5229\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u7b49\u7ea7\u5bc6\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\uff0c\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u975e\u6d32\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u996e\u9152\u662f\u5e74\u957f\u8005\u7684\u7279\u6743\uff0c\u800c\u5e74\u8f7b\u7537\u6027\u3001\u5987\u5973\u548c\u5974\u96b6\u7684\u996e\u9152\u6743\u53d7\u5230\u4e25\u683c\u9650\u5236\u3002\u917f\u9152\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u7531\u975e\u6d32\u7684\u5987\u5973\u4eec\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5e74\u957f\u8005\u6709\u6743\u51b3\u5b9a\u996e\u9152\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u3001\u996e\u9152\u91cf\u53ca\u996e\u9152\u573a\u5408\u3002\u5728\u4e1c\u975e\u7684\u9a6c\u8d5b\u4eba\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u76f4\u81f320\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u5e74\u8f7b\u7537\u6027\u548c\u5987\u5973\u4e00\u76f4\u88ab\u7981\u6b62\u996e\u9152\uff0c\u996e\u9152\u6210\u4e3a\u5e74\u957f\u8005\u5f70\u663e\u81ea\u8eab\u6743\u5a01\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002 Justin Willis\uff0c\u201cEnkurma Sikitoi\uff0c\u201dp.344.\u4e0e\u4e4b\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u5728\u524d\u6b96\u6c11\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u5317\u7f57\u5f97\u897f\u4e9a\uff0c\u975e\u6d32\u5987\u5973\u917f\u9020\u5404\u7c7b\u8c37\u7269\u53d1\u9175\u5564\u9152\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5bb6\u5ead\u6d88\u8d39\u548c\u7f34\u7a0e\uff0c\u4e5f\u7528\u4e8e\u4eea\u5f0f\u548c\u793e\u4ea4\u573a\u5408\u3002\u5728\u524d\u6b96\u6c11\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u9ec4\u91d1\u6d77\u5cb8\u5357\u90e8\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u7537\u6027\u5e74\u957f\u8005\u7981\u6b62\u5973\u6027\u548c\u5e74\u8f7b\u7537\u6027\u996e\u9152\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u628a\u9152\u4e0e\u796d\u7940\u4eea\u5f0f\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u76f8\u4fe1\u9152\u662f\u4e0e\u795e\u7075\u548c\u7956\u5148\u4ea4\u6d41\u7684\u5a92\u4ecb\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9664\u4e86\u50b3\u7edf\u7684\u571f\u917f\u9152\uff0c\u84b8\u998f\u9152\u4e5f\u968f\u7740\u6b27\u6d32\u6b96\u6c11\u6269\u5f20\u800c\u8fdb\u5165\u975e\u6d32\u5927\u9646\u3002\u81ea\u4ece\u5974\u96b6\u8d38\u6613\u65f6\u4ee3\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u675c\u677e\u5b50\u9152\u3001\u6717\u59c6\u9152\u548c\u5a01\u58eb\u5fcc\u5728\u5185\u7684\u84b8\u998f\u9152\u8fdb\u53e3\u8fc5\u901f\u589e\u591a\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e8e\u975e\u6d32\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u571f\u917f\u9152\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u84b8\u998f\u9152\u4e0d\u4ec5\u9152\u7cbe\u5ea6\u6570\u66f4\u9ad8\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u957f\u671f\u4fdd\u5b58\u548c\u957f\u9014\u8fd0\u8f93\u3002\u84b8\u998f\u9152\u6210\u4e3a\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u5974\u96b6\u8d38\u6613\u4e2d\u201c\u6052\u5b9a\u7684\u201d\u5173\u952e\u56e0\u7d20\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5974\u96b6\u8d29\u5b50\u6709\u610f\u63a8\u52a8\u897f\u975e\u6cbf\u6d77\u5730\u533a\u6c11\u4f17\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5ec9\u4ef7\u9152\u7684\u559c\u597d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u201c\u6717\u59c6\u9152\u6bd4\u76d0\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u8fd0\u8f93\u201d\u3002 Kenneth Onwuka Dike\uff0cTrade and Politics in the Niger Delta\uff0c1830-1885\uff1aAn Introduction to the Economic and Political History of Nigeria\uff0cLondon\uff1aOxford University Press\uff0c1956\uff0c pp.105-106.\u5728\u897f\u975e\u5f00\u59cb\u4f7f\u7528\u94f6\u5e01\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u675c\u677e\u5b50\u9152\u548c\u6717\u59c6\u9152\u6210\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u4ea4\u6613\u5a92\u4ecb\uff0c19\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u7684\u4e00\u4f4d\u975e\u6d32\u914b\u957f\u8bc4\u8bba\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u706b\u836f\u3001\u73bb\u7483\u73e0\u548c\u767d\u5170\u5730\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u8981\u7684;\u800c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u51fa\u552e\u7684\u53ea\u6709\u7537\u4eba\u3001\u5973\u4eba\u548c\u513f\u7ae5\u3002\u201d T.F.Buxton\uff0cThe African Slave Trade and its Remedy\uff0c London\uff1aJohn Murray\uff0c1839\uff0cp.280.\u5974\u96b6\u8d38\u6613\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u897f\u975e\u5730\u533a\u7684\u9152\u7c7b\u8fdb\u53e3\u989d\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u5974\u96b6\u8d38\u6613\u51fa\u53e3\u603b\u989d\u76845%\u81f310%\u3002 David Eltis and Lawrence Jennings\uff0c\u201cTrade between Western Africa and the Atlantic World in the Pre-colonial Era\uff0c\u201d American Historical Review\uff0cVol.93\uff0c No.4\uff081988\uff09\uff0c p.948.\u5de5\u4e1a\u9769\u547d\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u6b27\u6d32\u548c\u975e\u6d32\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5974\u96b6\u8d38\u6613\u9010\u6e10\u88ab\u201c\u5408\u6cd5\u8d38\u6613\u201d\u6240\u53d6\u4ee3\uff0c\u800c\u9152\u7c7b\u8d38\u6613\u4ecd\u7136\u5f97\u4ee5\u7ee7\u7eed\u3002\u6b27\u6d32\u5546\u8d29\u751a\u81f3\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5018\u82e5\u4e0d\u7528\u8fdb\u53e3\u9152\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4ea4\u6362\u7269\uff0c\u975e\u6d32\u4eba\u5c06\u4e0d\u4f1a\u751f\u4ea7\u4efb\u4f55\u7528\u4e8e\u51fa\u53e3\u7684\u539f\u6750\u6599\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u6570\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u675c\u677e\u5b50\u9152\u8fdb\u53e3\u8d38\u6613\uff0c\u675c\u677e\u5b50\u9152\u5728\u897f\u975e\u793e\u4f1a\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u626e\u6f14\u7740\u91cd\u8981\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u7ed3\u5a5a\u3001\u547d\u540d\u3001\u846c\u793c\u3001\u5e74\u957f\u8005\u805a\u4f1a\u3001\u7f14\u7ed3\u548c\u7ea6\u6216\u8005\u796d\u7940\u90fd\u4f1a\u7528\u5230\u675c\u677e\u5b50\u9152\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8fdb\u53e3\u7684\u84b8\u998f\u9152\u6210\u4e3a\u914b\u957f\u548c\u5e74\u957f\u8005\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u5730\u4f4d\u8c61\u5f81\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u523019\u4e16\u7eaa80\u5e74\u4ee3\u4ee5\u540e\u6210\u4e3a\u4ea4\u6362\u5546\u54c1\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5a92\u4ecb\u3002\u675c\u677e\u5b50\u9152\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8d22\u5bcc\u79ef\u7d2f\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5728\u5546\u4e1a\u8c08\u5224\u6216\u8005\u6cd5\u5ead\u7f5a\u6b3e\u65f6\u65f6\u5e38\u4f5c\u4e3a\u62b5\u62bc\u7269\u3002\u975e\u6d32\u4f20\u7edf\u533b\u836f\u4e5f\u5e38\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u675c\u677e\u5b50\u9152\uff0c\u4e0e\u8349\u6839\u7c7b\u836f\u6750\u642d\u914d\u8d77\u6765\u6cbb\u7597\u75be\u75c5\u3002\u5728\u4f0a\u535a\u8bed\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fdb\u53e3\u9152\u88ab\u79f0\u4f5c\u201c\u5305\u6cbb\u767e\u75c5\u7684\u826f\u836f\uff08ogwo nnu oria\uff09\u201d\u3002 Uche Uwaezuoke Okonkwo\uff0c\u201cThe Advertisement of Alcohol in Colonial and Post-colonial Times in Southern Nigeria\uff0c\u201dJournal of Historical Sociology\uff0cVol.31\uff0c No.4\uff082018\uff09\uff0c pp.1-15.<\/p>\n<p>2.\u6b96\u6c11\u7edf\u6cbb\u65f6\u671f\u975e\u6d32\u793e\u4f1a\u996e\u9152\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u53d8\u5316<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u9762\u5411\u57ce\u9547\u3001\u6e2f\u53e3\u548c\u77ff\u5c71\u7684\u975e\u6d32\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u6d41\u52a8\u63a8\u52a8\u4e86\u996e\u9152\u6d41\u884c\u3002\u5728\u6b96\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u63a8\u52a8\u4e0b\uff0c\u975e\u6d32\u57ce\u9547\u5316\u8fc5\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5927\u91cf\u975e\u6d32\u4eba\u7531\u519c\u6751\u6d8c\u5165\u57ce\u9547\u3001\u77ff\u5c71\u548c\u6e2f\u53e3\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u897f\u975e\u7684\u9ec4\u91d1\u6d77\u5cb8\u5357\u90e8\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u57ce\u9547\u5316\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u4e3a\u975e\u6d32\u4eba\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u5c31\u4e1a\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u5e74\u8f7b\u7537\u6027\u7531\u519c\u6751\u5411\u57ce\u9547\u5730\u533a\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u6d41\u52a8\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u57ce\u9547\u5316\u8fdb\u7a0b\u63a8\u52a8\u975e\u6d32\u793e\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u5267\u70c8\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u4e3a\u6b96\u6c11\u65f6\u4ee3\u9152\u7c7b\u6d88\u8d39\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u5e74\u8f7b\u7684\u975e\u6d32\u7537\u6027\u7528\u52b3\u52a8\u548c\u8d38\u6613\u8d5a\u6765\u7684\u91d1\u94b1\u8d2d\u4e70\u8fdb\u53e3\u9152\u7c7b\uff0c\u7ed5\u8fc7\u4e86\u975e\u6d32\u914b\u957f\u548c\u5e74\u957f\u8005\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u63a7\u5236\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u6709\u5173\u996e\u9152\u573a\u5408\u548c\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\u3002\u5e74\u8f7b\u7537\u6027\u8d5a\u53d6\u73b0\u91d1\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u65e5\u76ca\u589e\u591a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6446\u8131\u4e86\u4e61\u6751\u5e74\u957f\u8005\u7684\u7ba1\u675f\uff0c\u76f8\u5bf9\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u996e\u9152\u5a31\u4e50\u6d3b\u52a8\u5728\u57ce\u9547\u4e2d\u9010\u6e10\u5174\u8d77\u3002\u572819\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e03\u516b\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u5357\u90e8\u975e\u6d32\uff0c\u94bb\u77f3\u548c\u9ec4\u91d1\u77ff\u4e1a\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u968f\u4e4b\u800c\u6765\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u8fc1\u5f99\u91cd\u5851\u4e86\u975e\u6d32\u4eba\u7684\u9152\u7c7b\u751f\u4ea7\u548c\u6d88\u8d39\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u5728\u91d1\u4f2f\u5229\u3001\u91d1\u5c71\u77ff\u533a\u3001\u5fb7\u73ed\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6570\u5341\u5e74\u540e\u5317\u7f57\u5f97\u897f\u4e9a\u94dc\u5e26\u57ce\u9547\u7684\u5174\u8d77\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u57ce\u9547\u96c7\u4e3b\u666e\u904d\u5c06\u63d0\u4f9b\u9152\u7c7b\u4f5c\u4e3a\u62db\u5f95\u975e\u6d32\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u624b\u6bb5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u6b96\u6c11\u65f6\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u53d8\u8fc1\u6240\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u65b0\u8d44\u6e90\u548c\u65b0\u673a\u4f1a\u5f3a\u5316\u4e86\u9152\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u529f\u7528\u3002\u523019\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u675c\u677e\u5b50\u9152\u3001\u5a01\u58eb\u5fcc\u3001\u767d\u5170\u5730\u548c\u6717\u59c6\u9152\u5728\u5185\u7684\u201c\u8d38\u6613\u70c8\u9152\uff08trade spirts\uff09\u201d\u6210\u4e3a\u6492\u54c8\u62c9\u4ee5\u5357\u975e\u6d32\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u653f\u5e9c\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6536\u5165\u6765\u6e90\uff0c\u8fd9\u5728\u897f\u975e\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u8868\u73b0\u5f97\u5c24\u4e3a\u660e\u663e\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5f53\u65f6\u975e\u6d32\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u5546\u54c1\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8f83\u4e3a\u843d\u540e\uff0c\u5f88\u96be\u9488\u5bf9\u975e\u6d32\u4eba\u76f4\u63a5\u5f81\u7a0e\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9488\u5bf9\u9152\u7c7b\u7684\u8fdb\u53e3\u7a0e\u6210\u4e3a\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6536\u5165\u6765\u6e90\u3002\u6765\u81ea\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u8fdb\u53e3\u9152\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u6765\u81ea\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u8d38\u6613\u70c8\u9152\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u5f88\u591a\u975e\u6d32\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u7edf\u6cbb\u4f53\u7cfb\u8d56\u4ee5\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u5173\u952e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u72b6\u51b5\u4e00\u76f4\u6301\u7eed\u5230\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u4e4b\u540e\u300220\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\uff0c\u5357\u5c3c\u65e5\u5229\u4e9a\u51fa\u53e3\u989d\u7684\u4e09\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u5230\u4e94\u5206\u4e4b\u4e8c\u7528\u4e8e\u8d2d\u4e70\u8fdb\u53e3\u9152\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba11885\u5e74\u67cf\u6797\u4f1a\u8bae\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9762\u5411\u975e\u6d32\u7684\u675c\u677e\u5b50\u9152\u8d38\u6613\u65bd\u52a0\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5e76\u672a\u53d6\u5f97\u592a\u5927\u6210\u6548\u3002\u9152\u7c7b\u8d38\u6613\u5bf9\u4e8e\u897f\u975e\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u653f\u5e9c\u6536\u5165\u8f83\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u62c9\u5404\u65af\u5173\u7a0e\u6536\u5165\u53601892-1903\u5e74\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u6536\u5165\u768484.4%\uff0c\u800c\u8fdb\u53e3\u9152\u5360\u603b\u8fdb\u53e3\u989d\u768410%\uff0c\u5374\u5360\u5173\u7a0e\u6536\u5165\u768467%\u3002 A.Olorunfemi\uff0c\u201cThe Liquor Traffic Dilemma in British West Africa\uff0c\u201dp.237.\u82f1\u5c5e\u975e\u6d32\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u653f\u5e9c\u65e5\u76ca\u4f9d\u8d56\u8377\u5170\u675c\u677e\u5b50\u9152\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u84b8\u998f\u9152\u8fdb\u53e3\u7a0e\u6536\u5165\uff0c\u5728\u82f1\u5c5e\u897f\u975e\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u6709\u4e9b\u5e74\u4efd\u751a\u81f3\u8fbe\u5230\u653f\u5e9c\u6536\u5165\u768430%\uff5e40%\u3002 Simon Heap\uff0c\u201cBefore \u2018Star\uff1aThe Import Substitution of Western-style Alcohol in Nigeria\uff0c1870-1970\uff0c\u201dAfrican Economic History\uff0c No.24\uff081996\uff09\uff0c pp.69-89.\u9152\u7c7b\u5173\u7a0e\u6536\u5165\u5360\u5230\u5c3c\u65e5\u5c14\u6cbf\u6d77\u4fdd\u62a4\u5730\uff08Niger Coast Protectorate\uff09\u5e74\u5ea6\u6536\u5165\u7684\u56db\u5206\u4e4b\u4e09\uff0c\u62c9\u5404\u65af\u7684\u4e09\u5206\u4e4b\u4e8c\uff0c\u5357\u5c3c\u65e5\u5229\u4e9a\u7684\u4e00\u534a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u653f\u5e9c\u5c06\u9152\u89c6\u4f5c\u5f81\u7a0e\u4ee5\u53ca\u793e\u4f1a\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u65e9\u5728\u6b96\u6c11\u5f81\u670d\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u9152\u7c7b\u5df2\u7ecf\u626e\u6f14\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u300219\u4e16\u7eaa60\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u6c49\u5b81\u00b7\u65af\u76ae\u514b\uff08Hanning Speke\uff09\u548c\u585e\u7f2a\u5c14\u00b7\u8d1d\u514b\uff08Samuel Baker\uff09\u8fd9\u4e24\u4f4d\u82f1\u56fd\u63a2\u9669\u5bb6\u5229\u7528\u9999\u8549\u548c\u7ea2\u85af\u4e3a\u4e1c\u975e\u5f53\u5730\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u917f\u5236\u84b8\u998f\u9152\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u84b8\u998f\u9152\u5f15\u5165\u4e1c\u975e\u5730\u533a\u7684\u5f00\u7aef\u3002 Justin Willis\uff0c\u201cThe One Money a Woman Can Claim\uff1a A History of Distilling in Bunyoro\uff0c\u201dUganda Journal\uff0cVol.46 \uff082000\uff09\uff0c pp.1-16.19\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\u81f320\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\u548c\u5fb7\u5c5e\u4e1c\u975e\u519b\u961f\u5927\u91cf\u96c7\u7528\u52aa\u6bd4\u4e9a\u58eb\u5175\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u58eb\u5175\u53ca\u5176\u5bb6\u5c5e\u917f\u9020\u7684\u201c\u52aa\u6bd4\u4e9a\u675c\u677e\u5b50\u9152\u201d\u5f00\u59cb\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u4e1c\u975e\u5730\u533a\u5e7f\u6cdb\u6d41\u884c\u3002 Johan de Smedt\uff0c\u201c\u2018Kill Me Quick\uff1a A History of Nubian Gin in Kibera\uff0c\u201dInternational Journal of African Historical Studies\uff0cVol.42\uff0c No.2\uff082009\uff09\uff0c p.201.1884-1885\u5e74\u67cf\u6797\u4f1a\u8bae\u53ec\u5f00\u65f6\uff0c\u9152\u7c7b\u6210\u4e3a\u897f\u975e\u5730\u533a\u8d38\u6613\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u8d27\u5e01\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u52301885\u5e74\uff0c\u675c\u677e\u5b50\u9152\u5728\u62c9\u5404\u65af\u53d6\u4ee3\u8d1d\u58f3\u800c\u6210\u4e3a\u6d41\u901a\u8d27\u5e01\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6210\u4e3a\u6cbf\u6d77\u5730\u533a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8d38\u6613\u5a92\u4ecb\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u6b96\u6c11\u8005\u548c\u5546\u8d29\u5c06\u70c8\u9152\u89c6\u4f5c\u63a8\u52a8\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u51fa\u53e3\u8d38\u6613\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5a92\u4ecb\uff0c\u4e00\u4f4d\u82f1\u56fd\u8bae\u5458\u8bc4\u8bba\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u5018\u82e5\u4e0d\u628a\u4e00\u74f6\u675c\u677e\u5b50\u9152\u653e\u5728\u571f\u8457\u9762\u524d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u751f\u4ea7\u51fa\u9002\u91cf\u7684\u68d5\u6988\u4ec1\u2026\u2026\u9152\u7c7b\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u83b7\u5f97\u6a61\u80f6\u548c\u68d5\u6988\u6cb9\u7684\u52a8\u529b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u9152\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u3002\u201d Simon Heap\uff0c\u201c\u2018A Bottle of Gin is Dangled Before the Nose of the Native\uff1aThe Economic Uses of Imported Liquor in Southern Nigeria\uff0c1860-1920\uff0c\u201d African Economic History\uff0c No.33\uff082005\uff09\uff0c pp.69-85.<\/p>\n<p>\u4e8c\u3001\u82f1\u5c5e\u975e\u6d32\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u7981\u9152\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u51fa\u53f0\u80cc\u666f<\/p>\n<p>\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u653f\u5e9c\u8feb\u5207\u9700\u8981\u9152\u7c7b\u8fdb\u53e3\u7a0e\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u82f1\u56fd\u4f01\u4e1a\u4e5f\u4ece\u975e\u6d32\u7684\u9152\u7c7b\u8d38\u6613\u4e2d\u83b7\u76ca\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u58f0\u79f0\u9152\u7c7b\u8d38\u6613\u662f\u201c\u5408\u6cd5\u8d38\u6613\u201d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u4f34\u968f\u7269\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u996e\u9152\u95ee\u9898\u65e9\u5728\u6b96\u6c11\u7edf\u6cbb\u4e4b\u521d\u5c31\u5f15\u8d77\u82f1\u56fd\u6b96\u6c11\u8005\u62c5\u5fe7\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u6b96\u6c11\u5b98\u5458\u3001\u7981\u9152\u56e2\u4f53\u548c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4f20\u6559\u56e2\u79ef\u6781\u8981\u6c42\u82f1\u56fd\u6b96\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u63a8\u884c\u7981\u9152\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7981\u9152\u653f\u7b56\u53cd\u6620\u51fa\u82f1\u56fd\u6b96\u6c11\u8005\u7684\u201c\u6587\u660e\u4f7f\u547d\u201d\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f\u82f1\u56fd\u672c\u571f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5229\u76ca\u8bc9\u6c42\u7684\u4f53\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1.\u82f1\u56fd\u6b96\u6c11\u8005\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u504f\u89c1<\/p>\n<p>\u57fa\u4e8e\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u504f\u89c1\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u6b96\u6c11\u5b98\u5458\u65f6\u5e38\u62c5\u5fc3\u9189\u9152\u7684\u975e\u6d32\u4eba\u540c\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u4e2d\u592e\u548c\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\u5bf9\u6297\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u9020\u6210\u793e\u4f1a\u5931\u5e8f\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u6b96\u6c11\u5b98\u5458\u8bd5\u56fe\u5bf9\u975e\u6d32\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u996e\u9152\u6587\u5316\u52a0\u4ee5\u9650\u5236\u4e0e\u6539\u9020\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u6b64\u89c6\u4f5c\u6b96\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e49\u201c\u6587\u660e\u4f7f\u547d\u201d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u6b96\u6c11\u8005\u5bf9\u4e8e\u975e\u6d32\u793e\u4f1a\u6240\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u5267\u70c8\u53d8\u5316\u611f\u5230\u4e0d\u5b89\uff0c\u800c\u70c8\u9152\u6210\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e00\u62c5\u5fe7\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6765\u6e90\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u62c5\u5fc3\u201c\u6587\u660e\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e0e\u9053\u5fb7\u8d25\u574f\u662f\u76f8\u4f34\u968f\u7684\u201d\uff0c\u9152\u7cbe\u4f5c\u4e3a\u201c\u73b0\u4ee3\u6027\u7684\u7cbe\u9ad3\uff0c\u662f\u975e\u6d32\u4eba\u65e0\u6cd5\u5438\u6536\u7684\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u9152\u7c7b\u8d38\u6613\u5c06\u5bfc\u81f4\u201c\u65e0\u77e5\u571f\u8457\u201d\u7684\u5815\u843d\u3002 Justin Willis\uff0c\u201cDemoralised Natives\uff0c Black-coated Consumers and Clean Spirit\uff1a European Liquor in East Africa\uff0c 1890-1955\uff0c\u201dThe Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History\uff0cVol.29\uff0c No.3\uff082001\uff09\uff0c pp.55-74.\u4e00\u4f4d\u7981\u9152\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u5199\u9053\uff1a\u201c\uff08\u9152\u7c7b\u8d38\u6613\uff09\u8fd9\u4e00\u6076\u9b54\u4e0e\u82f1\u5e1d\u56fd\u53d1\u5c55\u5e76\u5b58\u3002\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u53d6\u5f97\u6b96\u6c11\u9886\u5730\u3001\u4fdd\u62a4\u5730\u6216\u8005\u52bf\u529b\u8303\u56f4\u65f6\uff0c\u8d70\u51fa\u53bb\u7684\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u5546\u4eba;\u9996\u8981\u7684\u8d38\u6613\u5546\u54c1\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u9152\u2026\u2026\u672a\u53d7\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u571f\u8457\u4eba\u53e3\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u63a5\u89e6\u5230\u8fd9\u4e00\u5371\u9669\uff0c\u9152\u582a\u79f0\u662f\u9053\u5fb7\u8d25\u574f\u4e4b\u6e90\u3002\u201d A.W.Bodger\uff0c\u201cNative Races and the Liquor Traffic United Committee\uff0c\u201din G.Hayler\uff0ced.\uff0cThe Prohibition Movement\uff1a Papers and Proceedings of the National Convention for the Prohibition of the Liquor Traffic\uff0cNewcastle\uff1aNorth of England Temperance League\uff0c1897\uff0c p.132.\u7981\u9152\u8fd0\u52a8\u5021\u5bfc\u8005\u5c06\u5974\u96b6\u5236\u548c\u9157\u9152\u89c6\u4f5c\u201c\u6c11\u4f17\u7684\u53cc\u91cd\u538b\u8feb\u8005\u201d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5bf9\u4e8e\u975e\u6d32\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\u996e\u9152\u8981\u6bd4\u5974\u96b6\u5236\u66f4\u7cdf\u7cd5\uff1a\u201c\u5974\u96b6\u8d38\u6613\u5bfc\u81f4\u975e\u6d32\u4eba\u53e3\u6d41\u5931\uff0c\u800c\u996e\u9152\u7834\u574f\u7684\u662f\u975e\u6d32\u6c11\u4f17\u53ca\u5176\u5b50\u5b59\u540e\u4ee3\u7684\u7075\u9b42\u548c\u8eab\u4f53\u3002\u201d Johan Edman\uff0c\u201cTemperance and Modernity\uff1a Alcohol Consumptions as a Collective Problem\uff0c1885-1913\uff0c\u201dJournal of Social History\uff0cVol.49\uff0c No.1\uff082015\uff09\uff0c p.35.\u76e7\u52a0\u5fb7\u52cb\u7235\u6fc0\u70c8\u6279\u8bc4\u9053\uff0c\u9152\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u6ca1\u6709\u5b9e\u9645\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u8fdb\u53e3\u5546\u54c1\u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u6d88\u706d\u4e86\u975e\u6d32\u4eba\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u5546\u54c1\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u82f1\u56fd\u5546\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f9b\u5e94\u7684\u7eba\u7ec7\u54c1\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u963b\u788d\u975e\u6d32\u7684\u201c\u6587\u660e\u5f00\u5316\u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5c06\u5f71\u54cd\u5230\u975e\u6d32\u4eba\u52e4\u52b3\u8282\u4fed\u4e60\u60ef\u7684\u517b\u6210\u3002\u5362\u52a0\u5fb7\u52cb\u7235\u62c5\u5fc3\u996e\u9152\u4f1a\u4f7f\u5f97\u201c\u4e0b\u7b49\u9636\u5c42\u201d\u6709\u80c6\u91cf\u540c\u6b96\u6c11\u79e9\u5e8f\u5bf9\u6297\uff0c\u4ed6\u8fd8\u62c5\u5fc3\u996e\u9152\u5c06\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u975e\u6d32\u4eba\u201c\u5815\u843d\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u201c\u5815\u843d\u7684\u975e\u6d32\u4eba\u201d\u65e0\u6cd5\u751f\u4ea7\u8d28\u91cf\u8f83\u597d\u7684\u51fa\u53e3\u4ea7\u54c1\u3002 Ayodeji Olukoju\uff0c\u201cProhibition and Paternalism\uff0c\u201dpp.364-365.<\/p>\n<p>\u82f1\u5c5e\u975e\u6d32\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u666e\u904d\u8bd5\u56fe\u901a\u8fc7\u9152\u7c7b\u51fa\u53e3\u8bb8\u53ef\u4ee5\u53ca\u9152\u7c7b\u9500\u552e\u65f6\u95f4\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u907f\u514d\u9152\u7c7b\u9500\u552e\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u793e\u4f1a\u79e9\u5e8f\u9020\u6210\u5a01\u80c1\u3002\u5728\u82f1\u5c5e\u4e1c\u90e8\u548c\u5357\u90e8\u975e\u6d32\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\uff0c\u767d\u4eba\u79fb\u6c11\u5c06\u996e\u9152\u6743\u89c6\u4f5c\u7ef4\u6301\u79cd\u65cf\u7b49\u7ea7\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u8c61\u5f81\uff0c\u8fd9\u5728\u53d1\u5c55\u8fc5\u901f\u7684\u77ff\u533a\u57ce\u9547\u8868\u73b0\u5f97\u5c24\u4e3a\u660e\u663e\u3002\u767d\u4eba\u79fb\u6c11\u96c7\u4e3b\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5018\u82e5\u4e0d\u5bf9\u975e\u6d32\u52b3\u5de5\u7684\u996e\u9152\u884c\u4e3a\u52a0\u4ee5\u5e72\u9884\uff0c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u81ea\u6211\u7ea6\u675f\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u975e\u6d32\u4eba\u5c06\u65e0\u6cd5\u6b63\u5e38\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8fd8\u4f1a\u5a01\u80c1\u767d\u4eba\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u3002\u767d\u4eba\u5c24\u5176\u62c5\u5fc3\u996e\u9152\u5c06\u4f1a\u4f7f\u5f97\u975e\u6d32\u4eba\u5728\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u65b9\u9762\u53d8\u5f97\u6781\u5177\u4fb5\u7565\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u767d\u4eba\u5987\u5973\u5219\u4f1a\u6210\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u653b\u51fb\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u201c\u4e8c\u6218\u201d\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u767d\u4eba\u79fb\u6c11\u4e0d\u65ad\u5411\u653f\u5e9c\u62a5\u544a\u975e\u6d32\u4eba\u7684\u9157\u9152\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u201c\u6211\u5b8c\u5168\u8d5e\u6210\u7981\u6b62\u571f\u8457\u996e\u9152\u201d\uff0c\u4e00\u4f4d\u5357\u7f57\u5f97\u897f\u4e9a\u571f\u8457\u4e13\u5458\u8868\u793a\uff1a\u201c\u5018\u82e5\u5141\u8bb8\u8fd9\u4e9b\u571f\u8457\u968f\u610f\u996e\u9152\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c06\u4f1a\u5f7b\u5e95\u4e27\u5931\u9053\u5fb7\u3002\u6b27\u6d32\u4eba\u548c\u571f\u8457\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u547d\u90fd\u5c06\u53d7\u5230\u5a01\u80c1\uff0c\u5987\u5973\u4e5f\u53d8\u5f97\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u571f\u8457\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u5c06\u4f1a\u53d8\u5f97\u5f88\u96be\u8ba9\u4eba\u4fe1\u4efb\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u613f\u610f\u96c7\u7528\u4ed6\u4eec\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7ec8\u5c06\u53d8\u6210\u5815\u843d\u7684\u4eba\u79cd\u3002\u201d Michael O.West\uff0c\u201c\u2018Equal Rights for All Civilized Men\uff1aElite Africans and the Quest for \u2018European Liquor in Colonial Zimbabwe\uff0c1924-1961\uff0c\u201dInternational Review of Social History\uff0cVol.37\uff0c No.3\uff081992\uff09\uff0c p.380.1893\u5e74\uff0c\u5f00\u666e\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u996e\u9152\u6cd5\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u9488\u5bf9\u975e\u6d32\u4eba\u996e\u9152\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u63d0\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u6b27\u6d32\u4eba\u548c\u571f\u8457\u5728\u996e\u9152\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u533a\u522b\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u6b27\u6d32\u4eba\u4e2d\u95f4\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u6bd4\u4f8b\u7684\u4eba\u4f1a\u9157\u9152\u4f5c\u4e50;\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u504f\u8fdc\u90e8\u843d\u91cc\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u571f\u8457\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u4e0d\u8bba\u662f\u914b\u957f\u9996\u9886\u8fd8\u662f\u666e\u901a\u6c11\u4f17\uff0c\u90fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u7ecf\u5f97\u4f4f\u9152\u7684\u8bf1\u60d1\u3002\u201d Jonathan Crush and Charles Ambler\uff0c\u201cAlcohol in Southern African Labor History\uff0c\u201din Jonathan Crush and Charles Ambler\uff0ceds.\uff0cLiquor and Labour in Southern Africa\uff0cAthens\uff1aOhio University Press\uff0c1992\uff0c p.7.\u6309\u7167\u6b96\u6c11\u8005\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u975e\u6d32\u4eba\u7f3a\u5c11\u62b5\u5fa1\u9152\u7c7b\u8bf1\u60d1\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5fc5\u987b\u4fdd\u62a4\u4ed6\u4eec\u514d\u53d7\u9152\u7c7b\u7684\u7834\u574f\u6027\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>2.\u82f1\u56fd\u672c\u571f\u7981\u9152\u56e2\u4f53\u7684\u79ef\u6781\u63a8\u52a8<\/p>\n<p>\u82f1\u56fd\u672c\u571f\u7684\u7981\u9152\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u5f3a\u70c8\u8c34\u8d23\u9762\u5411\u975e\u6d32\u7684\u9152\u7c7b\u8d38\u6613\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u7981\u9152\u8fd0\u52a8\u51fa\u73b0\u4e8e19\u4e16\u7eaa30\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5e76\u672a\u53d6\u5f97\u663e\u8457\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u7ef4\u591a\u5229\u4e9a\u65f6\u4ee3\u82f1\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9152\u7c7b\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u7981\u9152\u56e2\u4f53\u901a\u5e38\u4e0e\u6559\u4f1a\u6709\u7740\u5bc6\u5207\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u8f83\u4e3a\u6fc0\u8fdb\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5c24\u5176\u53cd\u5bf9\u675c\u677e\u5b50\u9152\u5bf9\u82f1\u56fd\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u8eab\u5fc3\u5065\u5eb7\u9020\u6210\u7684\u635f\u5bb3\u3002 A.E.Dingle\uff0cThe Campaign for Prohibition in Victorian England\uff1aThe United Kingdom Alliance\uff0c1872-1895\uff0c London\uff1aCroom Helm\uff0c1980\uff0cpp.7-10.\u6b63\u662f\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u53cd\u70c8\u9152\u8d38\u6613\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e8e19\u4e16\u7eaa80\u5e74\u4ee3\u5174\u8d77\uff0c\u571f\u8457\u4fdd\u62a4\u534f\u4f1a\uff08Aborigines Protection Society\uff09\u548c\u571f\u8457\u79cd\u65cf\u548c\u70c8\u9152\u8fd0\u8f93\u8054\u5408\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff08Native Races and Liquor Traffic United Committee\uff09\u76f8\u7ee7\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u5f88\u591a\u82f1\u56fd\u6559\u58eb\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u975e\u6d32\u5ba3\u6559\u7684\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\uff0c\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u5f88\u591a\u666e\u901a\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u3002\u53cd\u70c8\u9152\u8d38\u6613\u8fd0\u52a8\u8bd5\u56fe\u52a8\u5458\u516c\u4f17\u6765\u5f71\u54cd\u653f\u5e9c\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u5b83\u6279\u8bc4\u8f93\u9001\u5230\u897f\u975e\u7684\u675c\u677e\u5b50\u9152\u548c\u6717\u59c6\u9152\u5bf9\u975e\u6d32\u4eba\u9020\u6210\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\u635f\u5bb3\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u58f0\u79f0\u70c8\u9152\u8d38\u6613\u5bfc\u81f4\u975e\u6d32\u571f\u8457\u6c11\u4f17\u666e\u904d\u7684\u201c\u9157\u9152\u201d\u548c\u201c\u61d2\u60f0\u201d\u3002\u5b83\u4e3b\u5f20\u901a\u8fc7\u653f\u5e9c\u7acb\u6cd5\u6216\u8005\u9ad8\u6602\u7684\u8fdb\u53e3\u5173\u7a0e\u6765\u53d6\u6d88\u9152\u7c7b\u8d38\u6613\u3002\u4ee5\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u80af\u7eb3\u97e6\uff08John Kennaway\uff09\u7235\u58eb\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\u8bae\u5458\u4e5f\u6279\u8bc4\u65b0\u5efa\u9020\u94c1\u8def\u63a8\u52a8\u975e\u6d32\u5185\u9646\u5730\u533a\u7684\u9152\u7c7b\u8d38\u6613\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5bf9\u4e8e\u201c\u5408\u6cd5\u8d38\u6613\u201d\u548c\u975e\u6d32\u6c11\u4f17\u8eab\u5fc3\u5065\u5eb7\u9020\u6210\u4e25\u91cd\u635f\u5bb3\u3002 John Flint\uff0c\u201cMary Kingsley\uff1aA Reassessment\uff0c\u201dThe Journal of African History\uff0cVol.4\uff0c No.1\uff081963\uff09\uff0c pp.98-99.\u571f\u8457\u79cd\u65cf\u548c\u70c8\u9152\u8fd0\u8f93\u8054\u5408\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5c06\u201c\u6717\u59c6\u9152\u548c\u675c\u677e\u5b50\u9152\u6587\u660e\u201d\u5f3a\u52a0\u5230\u975e\u6d32\u571f\u8457\u8eab\u4e0a\uff0c\u5c06\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u975e\u6d32\u571f\u8457\u4eba\u53e3\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u6ca6\u4e27\u4e0e\u8eab\u4f53\u7fb8\u5f31\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e25\u91cd\u963b\u788d\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u8d38\u6613\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u66fc\u5f7b\u65af\u7279\u5546\u4f1a\uff08Manchester Chamber of Commerce\uff09\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u82f1\u56fd\u68c9\u7eba\u7ec7\u4e1a\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\uff0c\u4e5f\u5bf9\u975e\u6d32\u9152\u7c7b\u8d38\u6613\u63d0\u51fa\u4e25\u5389\u6279\u8bc4\u3002\u5fb7\u56fd\u4e3a\u82f1\u5c5e\u897f\u975e\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u5ec9\u4ef7\u5546\u54c1\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u63a7\u5236\u7740\u9152\u7c7b\u8d38\u6613\uff0c\u53601860-1899\u5e74\u5c3c\u65e5\u5229\u4e9a\u5e74\u5ea6\u8fdb\u53e3\u989d\u768450%\u3002\u523020\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u5728\u8d38\u6613\u70c8\u9152\u65b9\u9762\u5360\u636e\u7279\u6b8a\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u56fd\u5185\u5bf9\u4e8e\u82f1\u5fb7\u8d38\u6613\u7ade\u4e89\u6781\u4e3a\u8b66\u60d5\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u66fc\u5f7b\u65af\u7279\u7eba\u7ec7\u5546\u8d29\u53cd\u5bf9\u897f\u975e\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u7ee7\u7eed\u4ece\u5fb7\u56fd\u8fdb\u53e3\u201c\u8d38\u6613\u70c8\u9152\u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u82f1\u56fd\u5728\u897f\u975e\u5730\u533a\u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u51fa\u53e3\u7269\u68c9\u7eba\u7ec7\u54c1\u9020\u6210\u4e25\u91cd\u51b2\u51fb\u3002\u66fc\u5f7b\u65af\u7279\u5546\u4f1a\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u4ece\u82f1\u56fd\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u8fdb\u53e3\u9152\u7c7b\uff0c\u7ed9\u82f1\u56fd\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u597d\u5904\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u4f1a\u201c\u5bfc\u81f4\u5408\u6cd5\u8d38\u6613\u6d88\u9000\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u571f\u8457\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u5f15\u5165\u6b67\u9014\uff0c\u5b81\u613f\u82b1\u94b1\u4e70\u9152\u559d\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8d2d\u4e70\u5546\u54c1\u201d\u3002 A.Olorunfemi\uff0c\u201cThe Liquor Traffic Dilemma in British West Africa\uff0c\u201dp.235.<\/p>\n<p>3.\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4f20\u6559\u56e2\u548c\u975e\u6d32\u793e\u4f1a\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u9f13\u52a8<\/p>\n<p>\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4f20\u6559\u56e2\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7981\u9152\u89c2\u5ff5\u4e5f\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u8f83\u5927\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6e05\u6559\u6d3e\u522b\u90fd\u4e3b\u5f20\u975e\u6d32\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u5e94\u5f53\u5b8c\u5168\u6212\u9152\uff0c\u7531\u975e\u6d32\u4eba\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u6559\u4f1a\u4e5f\u5f3a\u8c03\u6212\u9152\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002\u6b27\u6d32\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u5bf9\u975e\u6d32\u4eba\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u53d1\u751f\u91cd\u8981\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u4ece\u6700\u521d\u5c06\u4ed6\u4eec\u89c6\u4e3a\u201c\u91ce\u86ee\u4eba\u201d\uff0c\u8f6c\u800c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u201c\u4e9f\u5f85\u6551\u8d4e\u7684\u8d1f\u7f6a\u4e4b\u4eba\u201d\u3002\u6b63\u56e0\u4e3a\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u6b27\u6d32\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u5c06\u996e\u9152\u89c6\u4f5c\u4e00\u79cd\u7f6a\u6076\uff0c\u5e76\u5f00\u59cb\u547c\u5401\u505c\u6b62\u9152\u985e\u8d38\u6613\u3002 Lynn Pan\uff0cAlcohol in Colonial Africa\uff0c p.9.\u6279\u8bc4\u8005\u8c34\u8d23\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u7a0e\u6536\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u79cd\u4ee4\u4eba\u6050\u60e7\u7684\u7834\u574f\u6027\u529b\u91cf\u3002\u996e\u9152\u751a\u81f3\u6784\u6210\u653f\u5e9c\u6536\u5165\u7684\u6700\u5927\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u96be\u9053\u8bf4\u8fd9\u662f\u503c\u5f97\u79f0\u9053\u7684\u5417\uff1f\u201d Simon Heap\uff0c\u201cTransport and Liquor in Colonial Nigeria\uff0c\u201d The Journal of Transport History\uff0cVol.21\uff0c No.1\uff082000\uff09\uff0c p.32.<\/p>\n<p>\u65e9\u5728\u6b96\u6c11\u5f81\u670d\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u975e\u6d32\u9886\u8896\u5f3a\u70c8\u62b5\u5236\u6b27\u6d32\u6b96\u6c11\u8005\u5c06\u84b8\u998f\u9152\u8f93\u5165\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u9886\u5730\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u65e9\u57281854\u5e74\uff0c\u83b1\u7d22\u6258\u56fd\u738b\u83ab\u8212\u8212\uff08Moshoeshoe\uff09\u5c31\u5f3a\u8c03\u4f20\u7edf\u8c37\u7269\u5564\u9152\u662f\u5065\u5eb7\u800c\u6709\u8425\u517b\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u201c\u767d\u4eba\u7684\u70c8\u9152\u5982\u540c\u70c8\u706b\u4e00\u822c\u201d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0b\u4ee4\u5728\u738b\u56fd\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7981\u6b62\u84b8\u998f\u9152\u3002 Leonard M.Thompson\uff0cSurvival in Two Worlds\uff1aMoshoeshoe of Lesotho\uff0c1786-1870\uff0c Oxford\uff1aClarendon Press\uff0c1975\uff0c p.199.\u8328\u74e6\u7eb3\u4eba\u9996\u9886\u5361\u739b\uff08Khama\uff09\u548c\u5df4\u7f57\u7b56\u5170\uff08Barotseland\uff09\u7684\u9996\u9886\u52d2\u74e6\u5c3c\u5361\uff08Lewanika\uff09\u4e5f\u5f3a\u70c8\u53cd\u5bf9\u84b8\u998f\u9152\u7684\u4f20\u5165\u3002\u5728\u82f1\u5c5e\u897f\u975e\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\uff0c\u963f\u6563\u8482\u4eba\u548c\u6cbf\u6d77\u7684\u963f\u574e\u4eba\uff08Akan\uff09\u548c\u52a0\u4eba\uff08Ga\uff09\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u7981\u9152\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u53ef\u5728\u5b97\u6559\u6587\u5316\u6846\u67b6\u4e4b\u5185\u996e\u9152\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u996e\u9152\u5e94\u5f53\u9002\u5ea6\uff0c\u914b\u957f\u548c\u5e74\u957f\u8005\u4eec\u8981\u6c42\u7981\u6b62\u4ef7\u683c\u4f4e\u5ec9\u7684\u8fdb\u53e3\u9152\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u571f\u8457\u9152\u7c7b\u9500\u552e\u5b9e\u884c\u4e25\u683c\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u907f\u514d\u5e74\u8f7b\u4eba\u996e\u9152\u3002\u968f\u774019\u4e16\u7eaa\u9ec4\u91d1\u6d77\u5cb8\u4f20\u6559\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u5c55\u5f00\uff0c\u897f\u5f0f\u7981\u9152\u534f\u4f1a\u5f00\u59cb\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u6279\u8bc4\u968f\u610f\u653e\u4efb\u5e74\u8f7b\u4eba\u996e\u7528\u675c\u677e\u5b50\u9152\u5c06\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5c06\u4f1a\u4f7f\u5f97\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e74\u8f7b\u4eba\u62d2\u7edd\u627f\u8ba4\u914b\u957f\u548c\u5e74\u957f\u8005\u7684\u6743\u5a01\uff0c\u8fc7\u5ea6\u996e\u9152\u751a\u81f3\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u5230\u5e74\u8f7b\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u80b2\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>4.\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7406\u8bba\u652f\u6491<\/p>\n<p>\u6309\u7167\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u996e\u9152\u5728\u975e\u6d32\u4e61\u6751\u793e\u4f1a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u5a31\u4e50\u4f11\u95f2\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u800c\u57ce\u9547\u5316\u4ee5\u53ca\u519c\u6751\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u7cfb\u74e6\u89e3\u5219\u4f7f\u5f97\u996e\u9152\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u7a81\u51fa\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u57281932\u5e74\u6709\u5173\u5fb7\u5170\u58eb\u74e6\u5317\u90e8\u7684\u6ce2\u7f57\u6ce2\u591a\u4eba\uff08Balobedu\uff09\u9152\u7c7b\u751f\u4ea7\u548c\u6d88\u8d39\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u5bb6\u827e\u7433\u00b7\u514b\u91cc\u683c\uff08Eileen Krige\uff09\u58f0\u79f0\u519c\u6751\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u63a7\u5236\u548c\u5b9e\u9645\u9650\u5236\u6709\u6548\u904f\u5236\u4e86\u8fc7\u5ea6\u7684\u9152\u7c7b\u6d88\u8d39\uff0c\u800c\u57ce\u9547\u5316\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4f7f\u5f97\u8fd9\u4e00\u793e\u4f1a\u63a7\u5236\u673a\u5236\u906d\u53d7\u7834\u574f\u300220\u4e16\u7eaa30\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u5357\u975e\u79cd\u65cf\u5173\u7cfb\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u6709\u5173\u91d1\u5c71\u77ff\u533a\u975e\u6cd5\u996e\u9152\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u975e\u6d32\u4eba\u996e\u9152\u95ee\u9898\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u65b0\u7684\u57ce\u9547\u5c45\u6c11\u5728\u6446\u8131\u4e86\u201c\u90e8\u843d\u4e60\u4fd7\u201d\u7684\u9650\u5236\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e2a\u4f53\u8fd8\u662f\u6574\u4f53\u7684\u975e\u6d32\u4eba\u90fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u63a7\u5236\u996e\u9152\u91cf\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u9700\u8981\u6b96\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u5e72\u9884\u3002 Jonathan Crush and Charles Ambler\uff0c \u201cAlcohol in Southern African Labor History\uff0c\u201d p.8.\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e3a\u6b96\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u7981\u9152\u653f\u7b56\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u652f\u6301\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e09\u3001\u82f1\u5c5e\u975e\u6d32\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u7981\u9152\u653f\u7b56\u6982\u51b5<\/p>\n<p>\u5404\u4e2a\u82f1\u5c5e\u975e\u6d32\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u653f\u5e9c\u666e\u904d\u5bf9\u4e8e\u975e\u6d32\u6c11\u4f17\u7684\u9152\u7c7b\u6d88\u8d39\u611f\u5230\u62c5\u5fe7\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u897f\u975e\u4e0e\u4e1c\u90e8\u548c\u5357\u90e8\u975e\u6d32\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u663e\u8457\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u5dee\u5f02\u4e0e\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u72b6\u51b5\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u5173\u3002\u5728\u4e1c\u90e8\u548c\u5357\u90e8\u975e\u6d32\uff0c\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u653f\u5e9c\u62c5\u5fc3\u793e\u4f1a\u5931\u5e8f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5173\u6ce8\u8fc1\u5f99\u52b3\u5de5\u7684\u996e\u9152\u4e60\u60ef\u3002\u5728\u82f1\u5c5e\u897f\u975e\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\uff0c\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u653f\u5e9c\u66f4\u591a\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u662f\u8fdb\u53e3\u70c8\u9152\u5bf9\u4e8e\u975e\u6d32\u4f20\u7edf\u9152\u7c7b\u6d88\u8d39\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u548c\u51b2\u51fb\uff0c\u9152\u7c7b\u6d88\u8d39\u7684\u8fc5\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\u5f15\u8d77\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u653f\u5e9c\u548c\u7981\u9152\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u6fc0\u70c8\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u9ec4\u91d1\u6d77\u5cb8\u6210\u4e3a\u7981\u9152\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u9996\u8981\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u9ec4\u91d1\u6d77\u5cb8\u6d88\u8d39\u7684\u8fdb\u53e3\u9152\u89c4\u6a21\u201c\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u52a0\u8d77\u6765\u8fd8\u8981\u5927\u201d\u3002 Emmanuel Akyeampong\uff0cDrink\uff0cPower and Cultural Change\uff0cpp.82-88.<\/p>\n<p>1.\u7981\u6b62\u9762\u5411\u975e\u6d32\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u51fa\u53e3\u9152\u7c7b\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u534f\u5b9a<\/p>\n<p>1889-1890\u5e74\u5e03\u9c81\u585e\u5c14\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\uff0c17\u4e2a\u6b27\u6d32\u5217\u5f3a\u4ee3\u8868\u4e00\u81f4\u540c\u610f\u7981\u6b62\u5728\u5317\u7eac7\u5ea6\u4ee5\u5317\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u9500\u552e\u9152\u7c7b\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u963b\u6b62\u201c\u8d38\u6613\u70c8\u9152\u201d\u8fdb\u5165\u897f\u975e\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u5730\u533a\u3002\u8fd9\u6b21\u4f1a\u8bae\u8fd8\u547c\u5401\u901a\u8fc7\u52a0\u5f81\u5173\u7a0e\u6765\u51cf\u5c11\u897f\u975e\u5730\u533a\u7684\u9152\u7c7b\u8fdb\u53e3\u3002\u9ec4\u91d1\u6d77\u5cb8\u7684\u70c8\u9152\u8fdb\u53e3\u7a0e\u9010\u6e10\u4ece1897\u5e74\u76842\u5148\u4ee46\u4fbf\u58eb\u589e\u81f31929\u5e74\u768427\u5148\u4ee46\u4fbf\u58eb\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u7b7e\u7f72\u300a\u5723\u65e5\u8033\u66fc\u516c\u7ea6\u300b\uff081919 Convention of Saint Germain-en-Laye\uff09\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u70ed\u5e26\u975e\u6d32\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u8fdb\u53e3\u6b27\u6d32\u9152\u7684\u6700\u4f4e\u5173\u7a0e\uff0c\u7981\u6b62\u975e\u6d32\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u84b8\u998f\u9152\u751f\u4ea7\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e0d\u5f97\u5c06\u6b27\u6d32\u9152\u9500\u552e\u5230\u897f\u975e\u6cbf\u6d77\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5730\u533a\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u8be5\u534f\u5b9a\u5141\u8bb8\u5404\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u81ea\u884c\u754c\u5b9a\u201c\u8d38\u6613\u70c8\u9152\u201d\u7684\u79cd\u7c7b\u3002\u9ec4\u91d1\u6d77\u5cb8\u653f\u5e9c\u5c06\u201c\u8d38\u6613\u70c8\u9152\u201d\u754c\u5b9a\u4e3a\u5ec9\u4ef7\u7684\u8377\u5170\u548c\u5fb7\u56fd\u675c\u677e\u5b50\u9152\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u8fdb\u53e3\u9152\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u51cf\u5c11\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5927\u591a\u6570\u975e\u6d32\u4eba\u65e0\u6cd5\u8d1f\u62c5\u4ef7\u683c\u9ad8\u6602\u7684\u8fdb\u53e3\u9152\u30021920\u5e74\uff0c\u5c3c\u65e5\u5229\u4e9a\u653f\u5e9c\u6839\u636e\u300a\u5723\u65e5\u8033\u66fc\u516c\u7ea6\u300b\u53d1\u5e03\u300a\u70c8\u9152\u6cd5\u4ee4\u300b\uff08Spirituous Liquor Ordinance\uff09\uff0c\u7981\u6b62\u201c\u9020\u6210\u4f24\u5bb3\u7684\u201d\u70c8\u9152\u8fdb\u53e3\u3001\u9500\u552e\u548c\u5206\u914d\u30021923\u5e74\u300a\u70c8\u9152\u6761\u4f8b\u300b\uff08Spirituous Liquor Rules\uff09\u7981\u6b62\u8fdb\u53e3\u548c\u9500\u552e\u9152\u7cbe\u5ea6\u657065\u5ea6\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u70c8\u9152\u3002\u5c3c\u65e5\u5229\u4e9a\u653f\u5e9c\u968f\u540e\u9881\u5e03\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u5bf9\u4e8e\u52a3\u8d28\u9152\u7684\u8fdb\u53e3\u52a0\u4ee5\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u6240\u6709\u675c\u677e\u5b50\u9152\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u6807\u660e\u4ea7\u5730\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6cd5\u5f8b\u89c4\u7ae0\u610f\u5728\u5bf9\u9152\u7c7b\u8d38\u6613\u52a0\u4ee5\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u5728\u6ee1\u8db3\u7981\u9152\u8fd0\u52a8\u8bc9\u6c42\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u53c8\u80fd\u4fdd\u62a4\u9152\u7c7b\u8d38\u6613\u7684\u5173\u7a0e\u6536\u5165\u30021930\u5e74\uff0c\u9ec4\u91d1\u6d77\u5cb8\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u653f\u5e9c\u51fa\u53f0\u300a\u675c\u677e\u5b50\u9152\u8fdb\u53e3\u9650\u5236\u6cd5\u4ee4\u300b\uff08Gin and Geneva Restriction of Importation Ordinance\uff09\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u9488\u5bf9\u70c8\u9152\u7684\u8fdb\u53e3\u7a0e\uff0c\u800c\u968f\u540e\u9881\u5e03\u7684\u300a\u70c8\u9152\u8fd0\u8f93\u8865\u5145\u6cd5\u4ee4\u300b\uff08Liquor Traffic Amendment Ordinance of 1930\uff09\u7981\u6b62\u8fdb\u53e3\u4ef7\u683c\u8fc7\u4f4e\u7684\u6717\u59c6\u9152\u3001\u767d\u5170\u5730\u548c\u5a01\u58eb\u5fcc\uff0c\u800c\u300a\u70c8\u9152\u8bb8\u53ef\u8bc1\u4fee\u6b63\u6cd5\u4ee4\u300b\uff08Liquor Licenses Amendment Ordinance\uff09\u5bf9\u4e8e\u70c8\u9152\u8bb8\u53ef\u8bc1\u3001\u9500\u552e\u548c\u8fd0\u8f93\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u66f4\u4e25\u683c\u9650\u5236\u3002 Lynn Pan\uff0cAlcohol in Colonial Africa\uff0c p.74.<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u4e1c\u90e8\u548c\u5357\u90e8\u975e\u6d32\uff0c\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u653f\u5e9c\u548c\u767d\u4eba\u79fb\u6c11\u7fa4\u4f53\u62c5\u5fe7\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u79cd\u65cf\u79e9\u5e8f\u906d\u53d7\u7834\u574f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8bd5\u56fe\u7ef4\u6301\u975e\u6d32\u4eba\u996e\u9152\u7684\u975e\u5546\u4e1a\u7684\u201c\u4f20\u7edf\u201d\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u5728\u996e\u9152\u6d88\u8d39\u65b9\u9762\u53d1\u751f\u79cd\u65cf\u6df7\u5408\u300219\u4e16\u7eaa90\u5e74\u4ee3\u5357\u975e\u4e3b\u8981\u77ff\u4e1a\u516c\u53f8\u5229\u7528\u767d\u4eba\u7fa4\u4f53\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9ed1\u4eba\u5931\u5e8f\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u62c5\u5fe7\uff0c\u8bf4\u670d\u5fb7\u5170\u58eb\u74e6\u653f\u5e9c\u4e25\u683c\u5b9e\u884c\u9488\u5bf9\u975e\u6d32\u4eba\u7684\u996e\u9152\u7981\u4ee4\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6210\u529f\u8feb\u4f7f\u8461\u8404\u7259\u6b96\u6c11\u8005\u5173\u95ed\u83ab\u6851\u6bd4\u514b\u7684\u6717\u59c6\u9152\u84b8\u998f\u5382\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9152\u5382\u8fdd\u53cd\u4e86\u56fd\u9645\u534f\u5b9a\u4e3a\u5170\u5fb7\u5730\u533a\u6301\u7eed\u4f9b\u5e94\u9152\u7c7b\u3002 Jonathan Crush and Charles Ambler\uff0c\u201cAlcohol in Southern African Labor History\uff0c\u201d p.18.\u5728\u4e1c\u975e\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\uff0c1893\u5e74\u82f1\u5c5e\u4e1c\u975e\u516c\u53f8\u7981\u6b62\u9762\u5411\u975e\u6d32\u4eba\u7684\u70c8\u9152\u8fdb\u53e3\uff0c\u800c1895\u5e74\u82f1\u56fd\u6b96\u6c11\u90e8\u63a5\u7ba1\u540e\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u5730\u653f\u5e9c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7ea2\u9152\u548c\u5564\u9152\u592a\u8fc7\u5371\u9669\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u4e88\u4ee5\u7981\u6b62\u3002<\/p>\n<p>2.\u201c\u5fb7\u73ed\u5236\u5ea6\u201d\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\u4e0e\u63a8\u5e7f<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u975e\u6d32\u57ce\u9547\u5316\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u975e\u6d32\u5987\u5973\u8fdb\u5165\u57ce\u9547\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u5728\u57ce\u9547\u5468\u8fb9\u5730\u533a\u4f9d\u9760\u917f\u9020\u548c\u9500\u552e\u9152\u7c7b\u4e3a\u751f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u52301907\u5e74\u5357\u975e\u5fb7\u73ed\u6709\u4e0a\u767e\u4e2a\u201c\u975e\u6cd5\u7684\u201d\u9152\u7c7b\u9500\u552e\u70b9\u3002\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u65ad\u6d8c\u5165\u7684\u9ed1\u4eba\u57ce\u9547\u4eba\u53e3\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5357\u975e\u57ce\u9547\u7ba1\u7406\u63d0\u51fa\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u5f53\u5730\u653f\u5e9c\u5b98\u5458\u9700\u8981\u4e3a\u975e\u6d32\u5de5\u4eba\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u57ce\u9547\u5c45\u4f4f\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u6240\u9700\u7684\u8d22\u653f\u8d44\u91d1\u53c8\u4e0d\u80fd\u89e6\u52a8\u767d\u4eba\u4ea7\u6743\u6240\u6709\u8005\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u3002\u5357\u90e8\u975e\u6d32\u767d\u4eba\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u5e76\u4e0d\u8d5e\u6210\u5b8c\u5168\u7981\u9152\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e3b\u5f20\u5b9e\u884c\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u9152\u7c7b\u9500\u552e\u5784\u65ad\u3002\u57ce\u9547\u96c7\u4e3b\u548c\u5730\u65b9\u5f53\u5c40\u5e76\u672a\u6253\u7b97\u7834\u574f\u9152\u7c7b\u8d38\u6613\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8bd5\u56fe\u52a0\u4ee5\u63a7\u5236\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u81ea\u8eab\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5851\u9020\u57ce\u9547\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u4f11\u95f2\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u4e3a\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5fb7\u73ed\u5e02\u653f\u5e9c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8c37\u7269\u5564\u9152\u917f\u9020\u548c\u9500\u552e\u5b9e\u884c\u5784\u65ad\uff0c\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u5efa\u7acb\u5b98\u8425\u5564\u9152\u9986\uff0c\u6240\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u5de8\u989d\u5229\u6da6\u4e3a\u79cd\u65cf\u9694\u79bb\u5236\u5ea6\u63d0\u4f9b\u8d44\u91d1\u652f\u6301\u3002\u5357\u975e\u5f53\u5c40\u5c06\u5b98\u8425\u5564\u9152\u9986\u89c6\u4f5c\u63a7\u5236\u9ed1\u4eba\u6c11\u4f17\u4f11\u95f2\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u523020\u4e16\u7eaa30\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5357\u975e\u91d1\u5c71\u77ff\u533a\u4e5f\u5f00\u59cb\u63a8\u884c\u5b98\u8425\u5564\u9152\u9986\u5236\u5ea6\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u201c\u5fb7\u73ed\u5236\u5ea6\u201d\u8fc5\u901f\u63a8\u5e7f\u5230\u5e7f\u5927\u7684\u82f1\u5c5e\u4e1c\u90e8\u548c\u5357\u90e8\u975e\u6d32\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5e03\u62c9\u74e6\u7ea6\u548c\u7d22\u5c14\u5179\u4f2f\u91cc\u5206\u522b\u4e8e1913\u548c1915\u5e74\u5efa\u7acb\u5b98\u8425\u5564\u9152\u9986\u3002\u5b98\u8425\u5564\u9152\u9986\u65e2\u662f\u5b9e\u73b0\u793e\u4f1a\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u9879\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u6536\u5165\u6765\u6e90\u3002\u653f\u5e9c\u8bbe\u7acb\u5564\u9152\u9986\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u963b\u6b62\u5de5\u4eba\u4ece\u57ce\u4e2d\u6216\u8005\u5468\u8fb9\u4e61\u4e0b\u975e\u6cd5\u7684\u5564\u9152\u917f\u9020\u8005\u90a3\u91cc\u8d2d\u4e70\u5564\u9152\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u63a7\u5236\u5564\u9152\u9986\u5f00\u653e\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u9650\u5236\u9152\u7cbe\u542b\u91cf\uff0c\u96c7\u4e3b\u548c\u653f\u5e9c\u5e0c\u671b\u51cf\u8f7b\u996e\u9152\u5bf9\u4e8e\u751f\u4ea7\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u901a\u8fc7\u786e\u5b9a\u5b98\u8425\u5564\u9152\u9986\u7684\u9009\u5740\u4ee5\u53ca\u8425\u4e1a\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u975e\u6d32\u4eba\u996e\u9152\u6d88\u8d39\u8fdc\u79bb\u767d\u4eba\u5c45\u4f4f\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u521b\u9020\u51fa\u79cd\u65cf\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u5047\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n<p>3.\u9650\u5236\u548c\u89c4\u8303\u975e\u6d32\u571f\u917f\u9152<\/p>\n<p>\u6309\u7167\u6b27\u6d32\u6b96\u6c11\u8005\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u4ee5\u704c\u88c5\u5564\u9152\u3001\u7ea2\u9152\u548c\u70c8\u9152\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7684\u6b27\u6d32\u201c\u9152\u7c7b\u201d\uff0c\u540c\u7528\u68d5\u6988\u3001\u679c\u6c41\u3001\u9999\u8549\u548c\u7518\u8517\u7b49\u539f\u6599\u917f\u9020\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u571f\u917f\u9152\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u663e\u8457\u533a\u522b\u3002\u6b96\u6c11\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u201c\u539f\u59cb\u7684\u201d\u571f\u917f\u9152\u5c24\u5176\u5371\u9669\uff0c\u4e0e\u975e\u6d32\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u66b4\u529b\u4e0e\u5931\u5e8f\u5b58\u5728\u5bc6\u5207\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u6b96\u6c11\u5b98\u5458\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b8c\u5168\u7981\u6b62\u571f\u917f\u9152\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u9650\u5236\u548c\u89c4\u8303\u571f\u917f\u9152\u9500\u552e\u3002\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u653f\u5e9c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9152\u7c7b\u8fdb\u53e3\u7684\u9650\u5236\u5f80\u5f80\u5bfc\u81f4\u571f\u917f\u9152\u7684\u6d41\u884c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c1919\u5e74\u9ec4\u91d1\u6d77\u5cb8\u6b96\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u7981\u6b62\u4e86\u5ec9\u4ef7\u6717\u59c6\u9152\u8fdb\u53e3\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u571f\u917f\u9152\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u6d41\u884c\u30021920\u5e74\uff0c\u4e00\u540d\u5730\u533a\u4e13\u5458\u62a5\u544a\u8bf4\uff0c\u70c8\u9152\u8d38\u6613\u7981\u4ee4\u5bfc\u81f4\u201c\u672c\u5730\u533a\u68d5\u6988\u9152\u6d88\u8d39\u7684\u8fc5\u901f\u589e\u957f\u2026\u2026\u9157\u9152\u73b0\u8c61\u663e\u8457\u589e\u591a\u201d\u3002 Jonathan E.Robins\uff0c\u201cFood and Drink\uff1a Palm Oil versus Palm Wine in Colonial Ghana\uff0c\u201d Commodities of Empire Working Paper\uff0c No.25\uff082016\uff09\uff0c p.8.\u5728\u5357\u975e\uff0c1883\u5e74\u5f00\u666e\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u300a\u70c8\u9152\u4fee\u6b63\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\uff08Liquor Amendment Act\uff09\u8bd5\u56fe\u9650\u5236\u91d1\u4f2f\u5229\u5730\u533a\u65b9\u5706\u4e94\u82f1\u91cc\u4ee5\u5185\u9762\u5411\u975e\u6d32\u4eba\u7684\u70c8\u9152\u9500\u552e\u3002\u5357\u975e\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u5c06\u57ce\u9547\u89c6\u4f5c\u7537\u6027\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u800c\u5c06\u975e\u6d32\u5987\u5973\u917f\u9152\u8005\u6392\u9664\u5728\u5916\u3002\u7eb3\u5854\u5c14\u6b96\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5973\u6027\u917f\u9152\u8005\u5c06\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u975e\u6d32\u7537\u6027\u52b3\u5de5\u7684\u5815\u843d\uff0c\u800c\u5973\u6027\u996e\u9152\u8005\u201c\u8d25\u574f\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u4ee3\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0b\u4e00\u4ee3\u7684\u5ec9\u4ef7\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u201d\u3002 Jonathan Crush and Charles Ambler\uff0c \u201cAlcohol in Southern African Labor History\uff0c\u201d p.24.<\/p>\n<p>\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u653f\u5e9c\u5e0c\u671b\u5c0d\u4e8e\u996e\u9152\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u5730\u70b9\u505a\u51fa\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u53d1\u5c55\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u800c\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u975e\u6d32\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u4f9b\u5e94\u3002\u5728\u4e1c\u975e\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u4e4c\u5e72\u8fbe\u7684\u975e\u6cd5\u84b8\u998f\u9152\u88ab\u5f53\u5730\u4eba\u79f0\u4f5c\u201c\u74e6\u62c9\u5409\uff08waragi\uff09\u201d\uff0c\u5728\u5766\u5676\u5c3c\u5580\u88ab\u79f0\u4f5c\u201c\u83ab\u897f\uff08moshi\uff09\u201d\uff0c\u5728\u80af\u5c3c\u4e9a\u5219\u88ab\u79f0\u4f5c\u201c\u52aa\u6bd4\u4e9a\u675c\u677e\u5b50\u9152\uff08Nubian gin\uff09\u201d\u3002\u65e9\u57281897\u5e74\uff0c\u80af\u5c3c\u4e9a\u653f\u5e9c\u9881\u884c\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u9152\u7c7b\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c\u7981\u6b62\u975e\u6d32\u6c11\u4f17\u996e\u7528\u84b8\u998f\u9152\u3002\u968f\u540e\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\u610f\u5728\u7981\u6b62\u201c\u571f\u917f\u9152\u201d\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u3001\u9500\u552e\u548c\u6d88\u8d39\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u201c\u7834\u574f\u6027\u7684\u9157\u9152\u884c\u4e3a\u201d\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u62c5\u5fc3\u996e\u9152\u4e0d\u5229\u4e8e\u7537\u6027\u4ece\u4e8b\u5de5\u8d44\u52b3\u52a8\uff0c\u800c\u201c\u516c\u5171\u5de5\u7a0b\u548c\u767d\u4eba\u79fb\u6c11\u519c\u4e1a\u7684\u8fc5\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\u5bfc\u81f4\u5bf9\u4e8e\u975e\u6d32\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u7684\u6fc0\u70c8\u4e89\u593a\u201d\u3002 Charles Ambler\uff0c\u201cDrunks\uff0cBrewers and Chiefs\uff1aAlcohol Regulation in Colonial Kenya\uff0c1900-1939\uff0c\u201d in Susanna Barrows and Robin Room\uff0c eds.\uff0c Drinking\uff1aBehavior and Belief in Modern History\uff0cBerkeley\uff1aUniversity of California Press\uff0c1991\uff0c pp.168-174.\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u571f\u8457\u996e\u9152\u6cd5\u4ee4\u53ea\u5728\u4e1c\u975e\u57ce\u9547\u5730\u533a\u90e8\u5206\u5b9e\u65bd\u30021921\u5e74\uff0c\u5185\u7f57\u6bd5\u5e02\u9547\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7981\u6b62\u975e\u6d32\u4eba\u917f\u5236\u5564\u9152\uff0c\u5e02\u9547\u6210\u7acb\u917f\u9152\u5382\u4ee5\u89c4\u8303\u9152\u7c7b\u6d88\u8d39\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u53d6\u4ee3\u5f53\u65f6\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u52aa\u6bd4\u4e9a\u675c\u677e\u5b50\u9152\u3002\u6b96\u6c11\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u52aa\u6bd4\u4e9a\u675c\u677e\u5b50\u9152\u8981\u6bd4\u5564\u9152\u66f4\u4e3a\u201c\u5371\u9669\u201d\u3002 Roger van Zwanenberg\uff0c\u201cHistory and Theory of Urban Poverty in Nairobi\uff1a The Problem of Slum Development\uff0c\u201d Journal of East African Research and Development\uff0cVol.2\uff0c No.2\uff081972\uff09\uff0c pp.165-205.<\/p>\n<p>4.\u9881\u53d1\u996e\u7528\u6b27\u6d32\u9152\u7684\u8bb8\u53ef\u8bc1\u5236\u5ea6<\/p>\n<p>\u6309\u7167\u82f1\u56fd\u6b96\u6c11\u8005\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u201c\u6b27\u6d32\u9152\u201d\u8981\u6bd4\u9152\u7cbe\u542b\u91cf\u8f83\u4f4e\u7684\u201c\u571f\u917f\u9152\u201d\u66f4\u4e3a\u9ad8\u7ea7\uff0c\u996e\u7528\u201c\u571f\u917f\u9152\u201d\u7684\u975e\u6d32\u6c11\u4f17\u5c06\u4f1a\u5411\u7740\u201c\u66f4\u4e3a\u5148\u8fdb\u7684\u201d\u897f\u65b9\u6587\u660e\u65b9\u5411\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u6b96\u6c11\u8005\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u975e\u6d32\u6c11\u4f17\u5982\u82e5\u60f3\u6d88\u8d39\u9152\u7cbe\u542b\u91cf\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u201c\u6b27\u6d32\u9152\u201d\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u9075\u5faa\u201c\u6b27\u6d32\u4eba\u7684\u201d\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u653f\u5e9c\u51fa\u4e8e\u7a0e\u6536\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u5229\u76ca\u8003\u8651\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u201c\u6b27\u6d32\u9152\u201d\u6d41\u5165\u975e\u6d32\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u9ec4\u91d1\u6d77\u5cb8\u548c\u5c3c\u65e5\u5229\u4e9a\u5357\u90e8\u5730\u533a\u3002\u4ece1909\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4f0a\u5df4\u4e39\uff08Ibadan\uff09\u548c\u963f\u8d1d\u5965\u5e93\u5854\uff08Abeokuta\uff09\u5f00\u59cb\u63a8\u884c\u9152\u7c7b\u8bb8\u53ef\u8bc1\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u6709\u6548\u63a7\u5236\u8fdb\u53e3\u9152\u7684\u89c4\u6a21\u3002\u5c3c\u65e5\u5229\u4e9a\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u653f\u5e9c\u8fd8\u901a\u8fc7\u9881\u53d1\u8bb8\u53ef\u8bc1\u6765\u89c4\u8303\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u7684\u9152\u7c7b\u96f6\u552e\u3002\u52301929\u5e74\uff0c\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u653f\u5e9c\u5927\u5e45\u63d0\u9ad8\u70c8\u9152\u9500\u552e\u8bb8\u53ef\u8bc1\u8d39\u7528\uff0c\u5c06\u9152\u7c7b\u9500\u552e\u65f6\u95f4\u4ece\u6bcf\u592915\u5c0f\u65f6\u51cf\u81f38\u5c0f\u65f6\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u7981\u6b62\u8d4a\u8d26\u5356\u9152\u30021909\u5e74\u300a\u5317\u65b9\u9886\u5730\u70c8\u9152\u6cd5\u4ee4\u300b\uff08Northern Territories Spirituous Liquors Ordinance of 1909\uff09\u4e25\u683c\u7981\u6b62\u5c3c\u65e5\u5229\u4e9a\u5317\u90e8\u5730\u533a\u7684\u975e\u6d32\u6c11\u4f17\u5360\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u70c8\u9152\u6216\u8005\u7ea2\u9152\u3002\u5018\u82e5\u60f3\u5c06\u70c8\u9152\u6216\u8005\u7ea2\u9152\u8f93\u5165\u5317\u65b9\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u5e76\u9500\u552e\u7ed9\u975e\u6d32\u4eba\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u5fc5\u987b\u7ecf\u8fc7\u5317\u65b9\u9886\u5730\u603b\u76d1\u7684\u8bb8\u53ef\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u70c8\u9152\u4ef7\u683c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e00\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u4e3a\u8d2b\u7a77\u5730\u533a\u7684\u6c11\u4f17\u800c\u8a00\u8f83\u9ad8\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u76f8\u5f53\u5927\u6bd4\u4f8b\u7684\u6c11\u4f17\u662f\u7a46\u65af\u6797\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u8be5\u5730\u533a\u9152\u7c7b\u9500\u91cf\u6781\u5c11\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5357\u975e\u7684\u7ecf\u5386\u4e0e\u897f\u975e\u65e2\u5b58\u5728\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u57281910\u5e74\u5357\u975e\u8054\u90a6\u5efa\u7acb\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u77ff\u533a\uff0c\u63a7\u5236\u9152\u7c7b\u6d88\u8d39\u662f\u77ff\u533a\u96c7\u4e3b\u63a7\u5236\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u624b\u6bb5\u30021928\u5e74\u7acb\u6cd5\u7981\u6b62\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5357\u975e\u9ed1\u4eba\u996e\u7528\u201c\u6b27\u6d32\u9152\u201d\uff0c\u975e\u6d32\u6c11\u4f17\u53ea\u80fd\u996e\u7528\u8c37\u7269\u5564\u9152\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53ea\u6709\u63a5\u53d7\u8fc7\u897f\u5f0f\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u975e\u6d32\u7537\u6027\u80fd\u591f\u83b7\u5f97\u996e\u7528\u201c\u6b27\u6d32\u201d\u7ea2\u9152\u3001\u70c8\u9152\u548c\u9ed1\u5564\u9152\u7684\u8bb8\u53ef\u8bc1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u4e1c\u975e\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\uff0c\u201c\u4e8c\u6218\u201d\u540e\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u653f\u5e9c\u5f00\u59cb\u8003\u8651\u5141\u8bb8\u975e\u6d32\u4eba\u996e\u7528\u74f6\u88c5\u5564\u9152\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u201c\u4f20\u7edf\u201d\u917f\u9020\u9152\u662f\u4e0d\u536b\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u5c5e\u4e8e\u201c\u843d\u540e\u201d\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u800c\u74f6\u88c5\u5564\u9152\u5219\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u201c\u672a\u6765\u201d\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u6b96\u6c11\u8005\u5bf9\u4e8e\u975e\u6d32\u4eba\u996e\u7528\u5564\u9152\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u505a\u51fa\u4e25\u683c\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u7981\u6b62\u975e\u6d32\u4eba\u996e\u7528\u5a01\u58eb\u5fcc\u7b49\u70c8\u9152\u3002\u523020\u4e16\u7eaa40\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\uff0c\u4e4c\u5e72\u8fbe\u603b\u7763\u8981\u6c42\u6539\u53d8\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4ee5\u6b63\u5f0f\u627f\u8ba4\u8fd9\u4e00\u7279\u6743\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u90a3\u4e9b\u201c\u4f53\u9762\u7684\u201d\u975e\u6d32\u4eba\uff0c\u201c\u4ed6\u4eec\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u63a5\u8fd1\u4e8e\u6b27\u6d32\u6807\u51c6\u201d\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u5b89\u5168\u996e\u7528\u8c61\u5f81\u73b0\u4ee3\u6027\u7684\u9152\u7c7b\u3002 Justin Willis\uff0c\u201c\u2018Clean Spirit\uff1aDistilling\uff0cModernity and the Ugandan State\uff0c1950-1986\uff0c\u201dJournal of Eastern African Studies\uff0cVol.1\uff0c No.1\uff082007\uff09\uff0c p.82.<\/p>\n<p>\u56db\u3001\u82f1\u5c5e\u975e\u6d32\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u7981\u9152\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd<\/p>\n<p>\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u996e\u9152\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u53cd\u6620\u51fa\u6b96\u6c11\u8005\u6539\u9020\u548c\u63a7\u5236\u975e\u6d32\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u610f\u56fe\u3002\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u56f4\u7ed5\u7740\u9152\u7c7b\u751f\u4ea7\u548c\u6d88\u8d39\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u6597\u4e89\uff0c\u917f\u9152\u8005\u4e0e\u8b66\u5bdf\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6fc0\u70c8\u51b2\u7a81\u9891\u9891\u7206\u53d1\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u53cd\u6620\u51fa\u975e\u6d32\u793e\u4f1a\u5bf9\u4e8e\u56fd\u5bb6\u5e72\u9884\u7684\u62b5\u5236\u3002\u7981\u9152\u653f\u7b56\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u6b96\u6c11\u7edf\u6cbb\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6210\u4e3a\u88ab\u6b96\u6c11\u8005\u62b5\u6297\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1.\u7981\u9152\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u6548\u679c<\/p>\n<p>\u7981\u9152\u63aa\u65bd\u7684\u5b9e\u65bd\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5145\u5206\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u5404\u79cd\u793e\u4f1a\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u6fc0\u70c8\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u5728\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u5185\u5916\u6709\u5173\u975e\u6d32\u793e\u4f1a\u996e\u9152\u6d88\u8d39\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4e89\u8bba\u4e2d\uff0c\u4eba\u9053\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5229\u76ca\u7ea0\u7f20\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u6b96\u6c11\u7edf\u6cbb\u9636\u5c42\u5185\u90e8\u5728\u9152\u7c7b\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6cd5\u89c4\u5236\u5b9a\u548c\u5b9e\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u8f83\u5927\u5206\u6b67\u3002\u5728\u897f\u975e\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\uff0c\u4ece\u9152\u7c7b\u8d38\u6613\u4e2d\u76f4\u63a5\u83b7\u76ca\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\u5546\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u675c\u677e\u5b50\u9152\u4ef7\u683c\u4f4e\u5ec9\uff0c\u5bb9\u6613\u4e70\u5356\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4ef7\u683c\u76f8\u5bf9\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u540c\u897f\u975e\u8d38\u6613\u7684\u6700\u6709\u5229\u53ef\u56fe\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u83b7\u5f97\u6b96\u6c11\u90e8\u548c\u897f\u975e\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u603b\u7763\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u6781\u529b\u56de\u907f\u9152\u7c7b\u8d38\u6613\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5173\u6ce8\u4e8e\u7981\u9152\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u56f0\u96be\u3002\u5728\u5357\u975e\u91d1\u5c71\u77ff\u533a\uff0c\u77ff\u4e3b\u4e4b\u95f4\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7981\u9152\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u6709\u7740\u4e0d\u540c\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u800c\u4ece\u9152\u7c7b\u751f\u4ea7\u548c\u8d38\u6613\u4e2d\u83b7\u76ca\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u6fc0\u70c8\u53cd\u5bf9\u4e25\u683c\u7981\u9152\u3002\u767d\u4eba\u7fa4\u4f53\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u5206\u6b67\u572819\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\u7684\u5f00\u666e\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u8868\u73b0\u5f97\u5c24\u4e3a\u7a81\u51fa\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u7fa4\u4f53\u90fd\u5728\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u8bae\u4f1a\u4e2d\u62e5\u6709\u652f\u6301\u8005\uff0c\u523019\u4e16\u7eaa90\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u4e3b\u5f20\u9650\u5236\u975e\u6d32\u4eba\u996e\u9152\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7fa4\u4f53\u5f00\u59cb\u5360\u5c45\u4e0a\u98ce\u3002 Jonathan Crush and Charles Ambler\uff0c\u201cAlcohol in Southern African Labor History\uff0c\u201d pp.13-14.\u5f88\u591a\u767d\u4eba\u96c7\u4e3b\u5219\u575a\u6301\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e3a\u975e\u6d32\u52b3\u5de5\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u5b9a\u91cf\u7684\u201c\u571f\u8457\u5564\u9152\u201d\u662f\u6709\u76ca\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u80fd\u591f\u4fdd\u62a4\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u60a3\u4e0a\u574f\u8840\u75c5\u3002\u767d\u4eba\u96c7\u4e3b\u548c\u57ce\u9547\u5f53\u5c40\u5e76\u4e0d\u5e0c\u671b\u5f7b\u5e95\u53d6\u7f14\u9152\u7c7b\u8d38\u6613\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8981\u63a7\u5236\u548c\u6539\u9020\u8fd9\u4e00\u8d38\u6613\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u670d\u52a1\u4e8e\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u9152\u7c7b\u6cd5\u4ee4\u5e76\u672a\u53d6\u5f97\u9884\u671f\u6210\u6548\u30021889-1890\u5e74\u5e03\u9c81\u585e\u5c14\u4f1a\u8bae\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u9650\u5236\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u63aa\u65bd\u5f71\u54cd\u76f8\u5bf9\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u897f\u975e\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u4e25\u91cd\u4f9d\u8d56\u9152\u7c7b\u8fdb\u53e3\u5173\u7a0e\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5e76\u672a\u771f\u6b63\u63a7\u5236\u9152\u7c7b\u8d38\u6613\uff0c\u5f81\u7a0e\u624b\u6bb5\u4e5f\u5e76\u4e0d\u7406\u60f3\uff0c\u800c\u9152\u7c7b\u8d70\u79c1\u6210\u4e3a\u9ec4\u91d1\u6d77\u5cb8\u4e1c\u90e8\u8fb9\u754c\u5730\u533a\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u6b96\u6c11\u5f53\u5c40\u8ba4\u4e3a\u675c\u677e\u5b50\u9152\u8d70\u79c1\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u7a0e\u6536\u6784\u6210\u4e25\u91cd\u5a01\u80c1\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e88\u4ee5\u4e25\u5389\u6253\u51fb\u3002\u6b96\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u5b9e\u884c\u4e25\u5389\u7684\u996e\u9152\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u89e6\u72af\u8005\u4e88\u4ee5\u91cd\u7f5a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u7981\u9152\u63aa\u65bd\u6240\u5bfc\u81f4\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\uff0c\u975e\u6cd5\u917f\u9152\u904d\u5730\u5f00\u82b1\uff0c\u975e\u6d32\u5987\u5973\u8fd0\u7528\u68d5\u6988\u3001\u7389\u7c73\u6216\u8005\u6728\u85af\u5236\u9020\u70c8\u9152\u3002\u917f\u9152\u8005\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u628a\u917f\u9152\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u539f\u6599\u653e\u5728\u5bb6\u91cc\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u57ce\u5916\u917f\u9152\u3002\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u8d1f\u8d23\u7ba1\u8f96\u7684\u914b\u957f\u5934\u9886\u5f88\u5c11\u613f\u610f\u6267\u884c\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u6cd5\u4ee4\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u914b\u957f\u9762\u4e34\u7740\u4e24\u96be\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u9700\u8981\u5411\u6b96\u6c11\u8005\u8868\u793a\u987a\u4ece\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u83b7\u5f97\u5f53\u5730\u6c11\u4f17\u7684\u652f\u6301\u300220\u4e16\u7eaa30\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u5357\u975e\u653f\u5e9c\u5c06\u5927\u91cf\u82f1\u56fd\u56fd\u7c4d\u7684\u201c\u8d2b\u7a77\u767d\u4eba\u201d\u9a71\u9010\u51fa\u5357\u975e\uff0c\u7406\u7531\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u5411\u201c\u571f\u8457\u201d\u6216\u8005\u201c\u6709\u8272\u4eba\u79cd\u201d\u63d0\u4f9b\u9152\u3002\u5357\u975e\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u79cd\u65cf\u5316\u7981\u9152\u63aa\u65bd\u50ac\u751f\u51fa\u975e\u6cd5\u5e02\u573a\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u5546\u8d29\u4ece\u4e8b\u975e\u6cd5\u7684\u9152\u7c7b\u8d38\u6613\uff0c\u8d2b\u7a77\u767d\u4eba\u4ece\u5e97\u94fa\u4e70\u9152\u5e76\u8f6c\u624b\u5356\u7ed9\u9ed1\u4eba\u4ee5\u725f\u5229\u3002\u57281940\u5e74\u4e4b\u524d\u5766\u5676\u5c3c\u5580\u7684\u8fbe\u7d2f\u65af\u8428\u62c9\u59c6\u57ce\u5185\uff0c\u9152\u7c7b\u975e\u6cd5\u751f\u4ea7\u548c\u9500\u552e\u7ee7\u7eed\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4e1c\u975e\u917f\u9152\u5382\uff08East African Breweries\uff09\u4e8e20\u4e16\u7eaa30\u5e74\u4ee3\u63a5\u7ba1\u4e86\u57ce\u5185\u6240\u6709\u5564\u9152\u975e\u6cd5\u9500\u552e\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u975e\u6cd5\u917f\u9152\u751f\u610f\u4ecd\u7136\u5341\u5206\u7ea2\u706b\u300220\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e09\u56db\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u5c3c\u65e5\u5229\u4e9a\u653f\u5e9c\u4e25\u5389\u53d6\u7f14\u571f\u917f\u9152\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u58f0\u79f0\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u793e\u4f1a\u95ee\u9898\u5e76\u4fdd\u62a4\u571f\u8457\u4eba\u53e3\u5065\u5eb7\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5219\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u571f\u917f\u9152\u51b2\u51fb\u4e86\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u8fdb\u53e3\u9152\u5173\u7a0e\u6536\u5165\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u653f\u5e9c\u7981\u6b62\u5f53\u5730\u9152\u7c7b\u751f\u4ea7\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5f53\u5730\u751f\u4ea7\u8005\u7ee7\u7eed\u5728\u5bb6\u4e2d\u6216\u8005\u91ce\u5916\u917f\u9152\u3002 Chima J.Korieh\uff0c\u201cAlcohol and Empire\uff1a\u2018Illicit Gin Prohibition and Control in Colonial Eastern Nigeria\uff0c\u201dAfrican Economic History\uff0cNo.31\uff082003\uff09\uff0c 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of protest\uff09\u201d\u3002 Lynn Schler\uff0c\u201cLooking through a Glass of Beer\uff1aAlcohol in the Cultural Spaces of Colonial Douala\uff0c1910-1945\uff0c\u201d International Journal of African Historical Studies\uff0cVol.35\uff0c No.2\/3\uff082002\uff09\uff0c p.316.\u975e\u6d32\u6c11\u773e\u6311\u6218\u6b96\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9152\u7c7b\u751f\u4ea7\u548c\u6d88\u8d39\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u63ed\u793a\u51fa\u53cd\u6b96\u6c11\u7edf\u6cbb\u6597\u4e89\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u6587\u5316\u5c42\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a\u674e\u9e4f\u6d9b \u6458\u8981\uff1a \u996e\u9152\u662f\u975e\u6d32\u793e\u4f1a\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u4f11\u95f2\u5a31\u4e50\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u6b96\u6c11\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u53d8\u8fc1\uff0c\u975e\u6d32\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u996e\u9152\u65b9\u5f0f 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