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1610\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u5b66\u5b8c\u4e86\u54f2\u5b66\u3001\u53e4\u5178\u6587\u5b66\u3001\u6570\u7406\u5929\u6587\u5b66\u7b49\u5168\u90e8\u8bfe\u7a0b\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u5728\u6570\u5b66\u548c\u5929\u6587\u5b66\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u4ed6\u5177\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u6f5c\u529b\u548c\u624d\u534e\u3002\u4ed6\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u63a5\u89e6\u5230\u4f3d\u5229\u7565\u7684\u671b\u8fdc\u955c\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u6b64\u4ea7\u751f\u6d53\u539a\u7684\u5174\u8da3\u3002<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

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1619\u5e747\u670815\u65e5\uff0c\u6c64\u82e5\u671b\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u6559\u53cb\u4eec\u62b5\u8fbe\u4e86\u6fb3\u95e8\uff0c\u88ab\u5b89\u7f6e\u5728\u5723\u00b7\u4fdd\u7984\u5b66\u9662\u91cc\u3002\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u4eec\u4e00\u8e0f\u4e0a\u4e2d\u56fd\u571f\u5730\uff0c\u4fbf\u5f00\u59cb\u7cbe\u5fc3\u7814\u4e60\u4e2d\u56fd\u8bed\u8a00\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4ee5\u638c\u63e1\u5317\u4eac\u5b98\u8bdd\u4e3a\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u897f\u65b9\u4fee\u58eb\u5165\u4e61\u968f\u4fd7\uff0c\u8131\u4e0b\u50e7\u888d\uff0c\u6362\u4e0a\u5112\u670d\uff0c\u4f4f\u8fdb\u4e2d\u5f0f\u623f\u5c4b\uff0c\u5e76\u6f5c\u5fc3\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u56fd\u7ecf\u53f2\u548c\u4f26\u7406\uff0c\u5bfb\u627e\u5176\u4e2d\u4e1c\u897f\u65b9\u6587\u5316\u7684\u878d\u5408\u70b9\u3002\u5728\u540c\u671d\u91ce\u540d\u6d41\u4ea4\u5f80\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0a\u901a\u5929\u6587\uff0c\u4e0b\u77e5\u5730\u7406\uff0c\u53c8\u719f\u8bfb\u6c49\u6587\u5178\u7c4d\u7684\u897f\u65b9\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u8d62\u5f97\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u4eba\u58eb\u5927\u592b\u7684\u597d\u611f\u548c\u4fe1\u4efb\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8fbe\u5230\u5176\u4f20\u64ad\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u5229\u739b\u7aa6\u5f00\u521b\u7684\u201c\u5408\u5112\u8d85\u5112\u201d\u7684\u4f20\u6559\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u4f46\u6709\u4e9b\u72c2\u70ed\u7684\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u4eec\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5229\u739b\u7aa6\u8fc7\u4e8e\u8fc1\u5c31\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\uff0c\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u7684\u201c\u7eaf\u6b63\u6027\u201d\uff0c\u53d1\u5c55\u6559\u5f92\u901f\u5ea6\u592a\u6162\u3002\u5728\u5229\u739b\u7aa6\u53bb\u4e16\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u6539\u53d8\u5229\u6c0f\u7684\u4f20\u6559\u8def\u7ebf\uff0c\u91c7\u53d6\u6fc0\u8fdb\u5f0f\u7684\u4f20\u6559\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u575a\u51b3\u6392\u65a5\u5112\u5bb6\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u4e25\u7981\u4e2d\u56fd\u6559\u6c11\u796d\u5929\u3001\u796d\u7956\u3001\u62dc\u5b54\u5b50\uff0c\u6fc0\u8d77\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u4eba\u58eb\u7684\u53cd\u611f\u4e0e\u6000\u7591\uff0c\u917f\u6210\u201c\u5357\u4eac\u6559\u6848\u201d\uff0c\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u4eec\u88ab\u9a71\u9010\uff0c\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5730\u51e0\u4e4e\u65e0\u7acb\u8db3\u4e4b\u5730\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5176\u65f6\u6b63\u662f\u660e\u671d\u5185\u5fe7\u5916\u60a3\u4e4b\u9645\uff0c\u6ee1\u6d32\u52aa\u5c14\u54c8\u8d64\u7684\u52c7\u5175\u608d\u5c06\u201c\u975e\u706b\u5668\u6218\u8f66\u4e0d\u53ef\u5fa1\u4e4b\u201d\u3002\u671d\u5ef7\u6d3e\u4eba\u5230\u6fb3\u95e8\u5411\u8461\u8404\u7259\u4eba\u8d2d\u4e70\u5927\u70ae\u3002\u6ede\u7559\u6fb3\u95e8\u7684\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u4eec\u4ee5\u519b\u4e8b\u4e13\u5bb6\u7684\u9762\u76ee\uff0c\u8ddf\u7740\u5927\u70ae\u968f\u884c\uff0c\u5f97\u4ee5\u8fdb\u5165\u5185\u5730\u3002<\/p>\n

1622\u5e74\u590f\u5929\uff0c\u6c64\u82e5\u671b\u6362\u4e0a\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u670d\u88c5\uff0c\u628a\u4ed6\u7684\u5fb7\u6587\u59d3\u540d\u201c\u4e9a\u5f53\u201d\u6539\u4e3a\u53d1\u97f3\u76f8\u8fd1\u7684\u201c\u6c64\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u7ea6\u7ff0\u201d\u6539\u4e3a\u201c\u82e5\u671b\u201d\uff0c\u6b63\u5f0f\u53d6\u540d\u6c64\u82e5\u671b\uff0c\u5b57\u201c\u9053\u672a\u201d\u51fa\u5178\u4e8e\u300a\u5b5f\u5b50\u300b\u7684\u201c\u671b\u9053\u800c\u672a\u89c1\u4e4b\u201d\u53d6\u9053\u5317\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n

1623\u5e741\u670825\u65e5\u5230\u8fbe\u5317\u4eac\u3002\u6c64\u82e5\u671b\u5230\u5317\u4eac\u540e\uff0c\u4eff\u6548\u5f53\u5e74\u7684\u5229\u739b\u7aa6\uff0c\u5c06\u4ed6\u4ece\u6b27\u6d32\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u6570\u7406\u5929\u7b97\u4e66\u7c4d\u5217\u597d\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u5448\u9001\u671d\u5ef7\u3002\u53c8\u5c06\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u4eea\u5668\u5728\u4f4f\u6240\u5185\u4e00\u4e00\u9648\u5217\uff0c\u8bf7\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b98\u5458\u4eec\u524d\u6765\u53c2\u89c2\u3002\u6c64\u82e5\u671b\u4ee5\u4ed6\u7684\u6570\u7406\u5929\u6587\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\u5f97\u5230\u671d\u5ef7\u5b98\u5458\u4eec\u7684\u8d4f\u8bc6\u3002\u4ed6\u5230\u5317\u4eac\u4e0d\u4e45\uff0c\u5c31\u6210\u529f\u5730\u9884\u6d4b\u4e861623\u5e7410\u67088\u65e5\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u6708\u98df\u3002<\/p>\n

1624\u5e749\u6708\uff0c\u4ed6\u53c8\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u9884\u6d4b\u4e86\u6708\u98df\u3002\u8fd8\u7528\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u7f57\u9a6c\u5173\u4e8e\u6708\u98df\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e86\u5317\u4eac\u5b50\u5348\u5708\u4e0e\u7f57\u9a6c\u5b50\u5348\u5708\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u5199\u4e86\u4e24\u7bc7\u5173\u4e8e\u65e5\u98df\u7684\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u5370\u5237\u5206\u8d60\u7ed9\u5404\u5b98\u5458\u5e76\u9001\u5448\u7ed9\u671d\u5ef7\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f20\u6559\u4f1a\u7ed9\u4ed6\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u6587\u5b57\u4e0e\u5112\u5bb6\u5b66\u8bf4\uff0c\u6570\u7406\u5929\u6587\u5b66\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f20\u6559\u5de5\u4f5c\u53ea\u662f\u9644\u5e26\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u5317\u4eac\u89c1\u4e60\u4e86\u56db\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u94a6\u5929\u76d1\u5b98\u5458\u674e\u7956\u767d\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e0b\uff0c\u7528\u4e2d\u6587\u5199\u4e86\u4e00\u672c\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4f3d\u5229\u7565\u671b\u8fdc\u955c\u7684\u300a\u8fdc\u955c\u8bf4\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c06\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u53d1\u660e\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7ed9\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u5728\u4ee5\u540e\u7684\u5386\u6cd5\u6539\u9769\u4e2d\u8d77\u4e86\u76f8\u5f53\u5927\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

1627\u5e74\uff0c\u6c64\u82e5\u671b\u88ab\u6d3e\u5230\u897f\u5b89\u63a5\u66ff\u91d1\u5c3c\u9601\u7684\u4f20\u6559\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u897f\u5b89\u57ce\u5185\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u5ea7\u5c0f\u6559\u5802\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u5f00\u5c55\u5b97\u6559\u6d3b\u52a8\u5916\uff0c\u4ed6\u59cb\u7ec8\u575a\u6301\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u4ed6\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u4ece\u897f\u5b89\u901a\u5411\u4e2d\u4e9a\u3001\u4e2d\u4e1c\u548c\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u4ea4\u901a\u9053\u8def\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u65ad\u5411\u8fc7\u5f80\u5546\u4eba\u3001\u5230\u5317\u4eac\u5411\u4e2d\u56fd\u671d\u5ef7\u8fdb\u8d21\u7684\u9644\u4ef6\u5c0f\u56fd\u7684\u4f7f\u56e2\uff0c\u6253\u542c\u548c\u8bb0\u5f55\u4ed6\u4eec\u884c\u8d70\u7684\u8def\u7ebf\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7684\u56fd\u540d\u3001\u5730\u540d\u3001\u9a7f\u7ad9\u540d\u4ee5\u53ca\u6765\u5f80\u5546\u54c1\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u3001\u8d38\u6613\u72b6\u51b5\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u4ed6\u636e\u6b64\u5199\u5c71\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u62a5\u540d\uff0c\u5bc4\u5f80\u6b27\u6d32\u3002\u4ed6\u8fd8\u82b1\u4e86\u4e0d\u5c11\u65f6\u95f4\u8003\u5bdf\u4e86\u6b27\u6d32\u957f\u671f\u4e89\u8bba\u4e0d\u4f11\u7684\u5951\u4e39(Cathay\uff0cKhiton)\u548c\u5317\u90e8\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u7406\u6e05\u4e86\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5317\u90e8\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u6240\u8c13\u5951\u4e39\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u65e7\u65e5\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u6c57\u5df4\u5229\u53ef\u57ce\u201d\u662f\u8499\u53e4\u8bed\u5bf9\u5317\u4eac\u7684\u79f0\u8c13\u3002\u5728\u5730\u56fe\u4e0a\u5e94\u7f6e\u4e8e\u5317\u7eac40\u5ea6\uff0c\u800c\u7adf\u7f6e\u4e8e50\u5ea6\u4ee5\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f4d\u7f6e\u592a\u9760\u5317\u4e86\u3002\u4ed6\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c2\u70b9\u548c\u5229\u739b\u7aa6\u662f\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

1629\u5e74\u300a\u8fdc\u955c\u8bf4\u300b\u520a\u5370\u3002\u6210\u4e3a\u4f20\u64ad\u5149\u5b66\u548c\u671b\u8fdc\u955c\u5236\u9020\u6280\u672f\u7684\u5960\u57fa\u6027\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u5bf9\u540e\u4e16\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n

1630(\u5d07\u796f\u4e09\u5e74)\uff0c\u7531\u793c\u90e8\u5c1a\u4e66\u5f90\u5149\u542f\u758f\u8350\uff0c\u56de\u4eac\u4f9b\u804c\u4e8e\u94a6\u5929\u76d1\uff0c\u8bd1\u8457\u5386\u4e66\uff0c\u63a8\u6b65\u5929\u6587\uff0c\u5236\u4f5c\u4eea\u5668\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u5411\u592a\u76d1\u8bb2\u89e3\u5929\u6587\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u5728\u5bab\u4e2d\u4f20\u64ad\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\uff0c\u53d7\u6d17\u5165\u6559\u7684\u6709\u5fa1\u9a6c\u76d1\u592a\u76d1\u5e9e\u5929\u5bff\u7b49\u3002\u6c64\u82e5\u671b\u5728\u5386\u5c40\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u8fd8\u540c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b66\u8005\u5408\u4f5c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e86\u5fb7\u56fd\u77ff\u51b6\u5b66\u5bb6\u963f\u683c\u91cc\u79d1\u62c9(Georgius Agricola)\u4e8e1550\u5e74\u64b0\u5199\u7684\u8bba\u8ff016\u4e16\u7eaa\u6b27\u6d32\u5f00\u91c7\u3001\u51b6\u91d1\u6280\u672f\u7684\u5de8\u8457\u201c\u77ff\u51b6\u5168\u4e66\u201d(Dere Metallica Libri XII)\uff0c\u4e2d\u8bd1\u672c\u5b9a\u540d\u4e3a\u201c\u5764\u8206\u683c\u81f4\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

1634(\u5d07\u796f\u4e03\u5e74)\uff0c\u534f\u52a9\u5f90\u5149\u542f\u3001\u674e\u5929\u7ecf\u7f16\u6210\u300a\u5d07\u796f\u5386\u4e66\u300b\u4e00\u767e\u4e09\u5341\u4e03\u5377\u3002\u53c8\u53d7\u660e\u5ef7\u4e4b\u547d\u4ee5\u897f\u6cd5\u7763\u9020\u6218\u70ae\uff0c\u5e76\u53e3\u8ff0\u6709\u5173\u5927\u70ae\u51b6\u94f8\u3001\u5236\u9020\u3001\u4fdd\u7ba1\u3001\u8fd0\u8f93\u3001\u6f14\u653e\u4ee5\u53ca\u706b\u836f\u914d\u5236\u3001\u70ae\u5f39\u5236\u9020\u7b49\u539f\u7406\u548c\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u7531\u7126\u52d7\u6574\u7406\u6210\u300a\u706b\u653b\u6308\u8981\u300b\u4e8c\u5377\u548c\u300a\u706b\u653b\u79d8\u8981\u300b\u4e00\u5377\uff0c\u4e3a\u5f53\u65f6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u897f\u6d0b\u706b\u67aa\u6280\u672f\u7684\u6743\u5a01\u8457\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n

1636(\u5d07\u796f\u4e5d\u5e74)\uff0c\u6c64\u5949\u65e8\u8bbe\u5382\u94f8\u70ae\uff0c\u4e24\u5e74\u4e2d\u94f8\u9020\u5927\u70ae20\u95e8\u3002<\/p>\n

1638\u5e74\uff0c\u4e3a\u8c0b\u53d6\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5728\u5404\u7701\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u594f\u8bf7\u5d07\u796f\u8d50\u201c\u94a6\u8912\u5929\u5b66\u201d\u56db\u5b57\uff0c\u5236\u533e\u5206\u9001\u5404\u5730\u5929\u4e3b\u5802\u60ac\u6302\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u6e05\u671d\u671f\u95f4<\/strong><\/p>\n

1644(\u6e05\u671d\u987a\u6cbb\u5143\u5e74)\uff0c\u6e05\u519b\u8fdb\u5165\u5317\u4eac\uff0c\u660e\u4ea1\u3002\u6c64\u82e5\u671b\u4ee5\u5176\u5929\u6587\u5386\u6cd5\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5b66\u8bc6\u548c\u6280\u80fd\u53d7\u5230\u6e05\u5ef7\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\uff0c\u53d7\u547d\u7ee7\u7eed\u4fee\u6b63\u5386\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6c64\u82e5\u671b\u591a\u6b21\u5411\u65b0\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u529b\u9648\u65b0\u5386\u4e4b\u957f\uff0c\u5e76\u9002\u65f6\u8fdb\u732e\u4e86\u65b0\u5236\u7684\u8206\u5730\u5c4f\u56fe\u548c\u6d51\u5929\u4eea\u3001\u5730\u5e73\u6677\u3001\u671b\u8fdc\u955c\u7b49\u4eea\u5668\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u7528\u897f\u6d0b\u65b0\u6cd5\u51c6\u786e\u9884\u6d4b\u4e861644(\u6e05\u671d\u987a\u6cbb\u5143\u5e74)\u519c\u5386\u516b\u6708\u521d\u4e00\u4e19\u8fb0\u65e5\u98df\u65f6\uff0c\u521d\u4e8f\u3001\u98df\u751a\u3001\u590d\u5706\u7684\u65f6\u523b\uff0c\u7ec8\u4e8e\u8bf4\u670d\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u6444\u653f\u738b\u591a\u5c14\u886e\uff0c\u51b3\u5b9a\u4ece\u987a\u6cbb\u4e8c\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u53c2\u4e0e\u7f16\u7e82\u7684\u65b0\u5386\u9881\u884c\u5929\u4e0b\u3002\u4ed6\u7528\u897f\u6cd5\u4fee\u8ba2\u7684\u5386\u4e66(\u5c31\u662f\u300a\u5d07\u796f\u5386\u4e66\u300b\u7684\u5220\u8282\u7248)\u88ab\u6e05\u5ef7\u5b9a\u540d\u300a\u65f6\u5baa\u5386\u300b\uff0c\u9881\u884c\u5929\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u987a\u6cbb\u5143\u5e74\u5341\u4e00\u6708\uff0c\u547d\u638c\u94a6\u5929\u76d1\u4e8b\u3002\u6b21\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c06\u300a\u5d07\u796f\u5386\u4e66\u300b\u538b\u7f29\u6210\u300a\u897f\u6d0b\u65b0\u6cd5\u5386\u4e66\u300b\u4e00\u767e\u96f6\u4e09\u5377\uff0c\u8fdb\u5448\u6444\u653f\u738b\u591a\u5c14\u886e\uff0c\u5c01\u592a\u5e38\u5bfa\u5c11\u537f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u987a\u6cbb\u4e03\u5e74\uff0c\u6e05\u653f\u5e9c\u8d50\u5730\u5728\u5ba3\u6b66\u95e8\u5185\u539f\u5929\u4e3b\u5802\u4fa7\u91cd\u5efa\u6559\u5802\u3002\u6c64\u82e5\u671b\u5c06\u5229\u9a6c\u7aa6\u5efa\u7684\u4e00\u5ea7\u7ecf\u5802\u6269\u5927\uff0c\u5efa\u6210\u4e86\u5317\u4eac\u57ce\u5185\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u5ea7\u5927\u6559\u5802(\u5357\u5802)\uff0c\u6b64\u5904\u6210\u4e3a\u6c64\u82e5\u671b\u7b49\u795e\u7236\u7684\u8d77\u5c45\u5730\u3002\u6c64\u82e5\u671b\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u5730\u70b9\u5219\u662f\u5728\u5317\u4eac\u5efa\u56fd\u95e8\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u53e4\u89c2\u8c61\u53f0\u3002\u5728\u53e4\u89c2\u8c61\u53f0\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u670950\u591a\u4eba\uff0c\u6c64\u82e5\u671b\u662f\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\uff0c\u8fd8\u62c5\u4efb\u53f0\u957f\uff0c\u5373\u94a6\u5929\u76d1\u76d1\u6b63\u3002<\/p>\n

\u987a\u6cbb\u516b\u5e74\u987a\u6cbb\u5e1d\u4eb2\u653f\u540e\uff0c\u6c64\u82e5\u671b\u7ecf\u5e38\u51fa\u5165\u5bab\u5ef7\uff0c\u5bf9\u671d\u653f\u5f97\u5931\u591a\u6240\u5efa\u8a00\uff0c\u5148\u540e\u4e0a\u594f\u7ae0\u4e09\u767e\u4f59\u5c01\u3002\u987a\u6cbb\u5e1d\u4e34\u7ec8\u8bae\u7acb\u55e3\u7687\uff0c\u66fe\u5f81\u6c42\u6c64\u82e5\u671b\u610f\u89c1\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u987a\u6cbb\u5e1d\u56e0\u5f97\u5929\u82b1\uff0c\u800c\u5f53\u65f6\u671d\u5ef7\u4e2d\u53ea\u6709\u6c64\u82e5\u671b\u4e00\u4eba\u77e5\u9053\u5929\u82b1\u5982\u679c\u6d41\u884c\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u540e\u679c\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u4ed6\u5c31\u8bf4\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u627e\u4e00\u4f4d\u5f97\u8fc7\u5929\u82b1\u7684\u7687\u5b50\u6765\u7ee7\u738b\u4f4d\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u4fbf\u6709\u4e86\u540e\u6765\u7684\u5eb7\u7199\u5927\u5e1d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e2d\u897f\u5386\u6cd5\u4e4b\u4e89\uff0c\u7531\u6765\u5df2\u4e45\uff0c\u5434\u660e\u714a\u65e9\u5728\u987a\u6cbb\u5341\u516d\u5e74\u4fbf\u4e0a\u758f\u4e3e\u62a5\u6c64\u82e5\u671b\u5929\u7b97\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u53cd\u843d\u4e86\u4e2a\u201c\u8bc8\u4e0d\u4ee5\u5b9e\u201d\u7684\u7f6a\u540d\uff0c\u9669\u4e9b\u88ab\u5224\u4e86\u6b7b\u5211\u3002\u987a\u6cbb\u5341\u4e94\u5e74(1658)\u6c64\u82e5\u671b\u53d7\u4e00\u54c1\u5c01\u5178\uff0c\u8036\u7a23\u4f1a\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u5f71\u54cd\u56e0\u800c\u6269\u5927\uff0c\u4e00\u65f6\u5404\u5730\u6559\u5f92\u589e\u81f3\u5341\u4e07\u4eba\uff0c\u7ec8\u4e8e\u5f15\u8d77\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u5eb7\u7199\u4e09\u5e74(1664)\uff0c\u6768\u5149\u5148\u590d\u4e0a\u300a\u8bf7\u8bdb\u90aa\u6559\u72b6\u300b\uff0c\u7ecf\u8bae\u653f\u738b\u4f1a\u8bae\uff0c\u7fcc\u5e74\u4ee5\u6570\u6761\u7f6a\u540d\u5224\u5904\u6c64\u82e5\u671b\u7b49\u4eba\u51cc\u8fdf\u5904\u65a9\u3002\u6768\u5149\u5148\u8a00\u6c64\u82e5\u671b\u7b49\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u6709\u7f6a\u4e09\u6761\uff1a\u6f5c\u8c0b\u9020\u53cd;\u90aa\u8bf4\u60d1\u4f17;\u5386\u6cd5\u8352\u8c2c\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

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1666\u5e748\u670815\u65e5(\u5eb7\u7199\u4e94\u5e74\u4e03\u6708\u5341\u4e94)\uff0c\u6c64\u82e5\u671b\u75c5\u6b7b\u4e8e\u5bd3\u6240\u30021669\u5e74(\u5eb7\u7199\u516b\u5e74)\u5341\u4e00\u6708\u5341\u516d\u65e5\uff0c\u5eb7\u7199\u53c8\u53d1\u5e03\u4e86\u5bf9\u6c64\u82e5\u671b\u7684\u796d\u6587\uff1a\u201c\u7687\u5e1d\u8c15\u796d\u539f\u4efb\u901a\u653f\u4f7f\u53f8\u901a\u653f\u4f7f\uff0c\u52a0\u4e8c\u7ea7\u53c8\u52a0\u4e00\u7ea7\uff0c\u638c\u94a6\u5929\u76d1\u5370\u52a1\u4e8b\uff0c\u6545\u6c64\u82e5\u671b\u4e4b\u7075\u66f0\uff1a\u97a0\u8eac\u5c3d\u7601\uff0c\u81e3\u5b50\u4e4b\u82b3\u8e2a\u3002\u6064\u6b7b\u62a5\u52e4\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e4b\u76db\u5178\u3002\u5c14\u6c64\u82e5\u671b\uff0c\u6765\u81ea\u897f\u57df\uff0c\u6653\u4e60\u5929\u6587\uff0c\u7279\u7540\u8c61\u5386\u4e4b\u53f8\uff0c\u7230\u9521\u901a\u5fae\u6559\u5e08\u4e4b\u53f7\u3002\u907d\u5c14\u957f\u901d\uff0c\u6715\u7528\u60bc\u7109\u3002\u7279\u52a0\u56e0\u6064\uff0c\u9063\u5b98\u81f4\u796d\u3002\u545c\u547c\uff0c\u807f\u5782\u4e0d\u673d\u4e4b\u8363\uff0c\u5eb6\u4eab\u532a\u8eac\u4e4b\u62a5\u3002\u5c14\u6709\u6240\u77e5\uff0c\u5c1a\u514b\u6b46\u4eab\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

\u3000\u4f20\u6559\u4e8b\u4e1a\u00a0 \u00a0 <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u660e\u672b\u65f6\u671f<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u6e05\u521d\u65f6\u671f<\/strong><\/p>\n

1644\u5e74\uff0c\u660e\u4ea1\u6e05\u5174\uff0c\u5176\u95f4\u8fd8\u6709\u77ed\u547d\u7684\u201c\u5927\u987a\u738b\u671d\u201d\u3002\u6c64\u82e5\u671b\u5904\u4e16\u4e0d\u60ca\uff0c\u7559\u5b88\u5317\u4eac\u3001\u5b88\u62a4\u5723\u5668\u5723\u7269\u53ca\u5929\u6587\u4eea\u5668\u548c\u5386\u4e66\u523b\u677f\u3002\u6e05\u5175\u5165\u4e3b\u5317\u4eac\u4e4b\u65f6\uff0c\u6c64\u82e5\u671b\u5192\u6b7b\u81ea\u8350\u3002\u5f97\u4ee5\u53d6\u5f97\u65b0\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u7684\u4fe1\u4efb\u548c\u91cd\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

1644\u5e747\u6708\uff0c\u6c64\u82e5\u671b\u5411\u6e05\u5ef7\u8fdb\u5448\u4e86\u4e09\u4ef6\u4eea\u5668\uff1a\u6d51\u5929\u661f\u7403\u4e00\u67b6\uff0c\u5730\u5e73\u65e5\u6677\u4e00\u4ef6\uff0c\u671b\u8fdc\u671b\u955c\u4e00\u53f0\u3002\u4ed6\u8fd8\u5448\u9012\u4e86\u5386\u4e66\u8303\u672c\u4e00\u518c\uff0c\u6709\u6839\u6709\u636e\u5730\u6307\u51fa\u4e86\u65e7\u5386\u7684\u4e03\u5927\u8c2c\u8bef\u4e4b\u5904\uff0c\u5e76\u51c6\u786e\u9884\u6d4b\u4e868\u67081\u65e5\u7684\u65e5\u98df\u3002\u6c64\u82e5\u671b\u6240\u9610\u8ff0\u7684\u5929\u5b66\u9053\u7406\u5f97\u5230\u6e05\u5ef7\u7684\u8ba4\u53ef\uff0c\u671d\u5ef7\u51b3\u5b9a\u91c7\u7528\u6c64\u4f9d\u65b0\u7f16\u5236\u7684\u65b0\u5386\uff0c\u5b9a\u540d\u4e3a\u300a\u65f6\u7a76\u5386\u300b\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u518c\u9762\u4e0a\u5370\u6709\u201c\u4f9d\u897f\u6d0b\u65b0\u6cd5\u201d\u4e94\u4e2a\u5b57\uff0c\u9881\u884c\u5929\u4e0b\u3002\u5e76\u4efb\u547d\u4ed6\u4e3a\u94a6\u5929\u76d1\u76d1\u6b63\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d0b\u76d1\u6b63\uff0c\u5f00\u521b\u4e86\u6e05\u671d\u4efb\u7528\u8036\u7a23\u4f1a\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u638c\u7ba1\u94a6\u5929\u76d1\u7684\u5c06\u8fd1\u4e8c\u767e\u5e74\u4e4b\u4e45\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n

1645\u5e74\uff0c\u6c64\u82e5\u671b\u4e0b\u4e86\u5f88\u5927\u529f\u592b\uff0c\u5bf9\u5377\u5e19\u5e9e\u6742\u7684\u300a\u5d07\u796f\u5386\u4e66\u300b\u8fdb\u884c\u5220\u7e41\u53bb\u829c\uff0c\u6574\u7406\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u589e\u8865\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e4b\u66f4\u4e3a\u7cbe\u7ec3\u5212\u4e00\u3002\u5728\u4fee\u6539\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u5bf9\u539f\u5386\u4e66\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u90e8\u5206\u51e0\u4e4e\u539f\u5c01\u672a\u52a8\uff0c\u800c\u5bf9\u8868\u683c\u90e8\u5206\u505a\u4e86\u91cd\u5927\u5220\u8282\uff0c\u5c06\u539f\u6765\u7684137\u5377\u538b\u7f29\u621070\u5377\u3002\u53e6\u589e\u8865\u4e86\u300a\u5b66\u5386\u5c0f\u8fa8\u300b\u3001\u300a\u8fdc\u955c\u8bf4\u300b\u3001\u300a\u65b0\u6cd5\u5386\u5f15\u300b\u3001\u300a\u65b0\u6cd5\u8868\u5f02\u300b\u3001\u300a\u5386\u6cd5\u897f\u4f20\u300b\u3001\u300a\u6d4b\u98df\u7565\u300b\u3001\u300a\u65b0\u5386\u6653\u60d1\u300b\u3001\u300a\u9ec4\u8d64\u6b63\u7403\u300b\u3001\u300a\u6d51\u5929\u4eea\u8bf4\u300b\u3001\u300a\u7b79\u7b97\u300b\u3001\u300a\u51e0\u4f55\u8981\u6cd5\u300b\u3001\u300a\u6cbb\u5386\u7f18\u8d77\u300b\u7b49\u5341\u51e0\u79cd30\u5377\u3002\u5408\u621030\u79cd100\u5377\uff0c\u53d6\u540d\u300a\u4e24\u6d0b\u65b0\u6cd5\u5386\u4e66\u300b\uff0c\u5448\u9001\u671d\u5ef7\u523b\u5370\u884c\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6bcf\u5e74\u63a8\u7b97\u65f6\u5baa\u5386\u4e66\u7684\u6839\u636e\u3002\u65b0\u589e\u8865\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u90fd\u662f\u65b0\u6cd5\u5386\u4e66\u4e2d\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6210\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u6c64\u82e5\u671b\u5728\u4f20\u64ad\u897f\u5b66\u4e0a\uff0c\u7684\u786e\u5982\u5176\u672c\u4eba\u6240\u8bf4\u201c\u603b\u60f3\u7acb\u4e8e\u6b27\u6d32\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u9ad8\u5cf0\u201d\uff0c\u5c3d\u5176\u6240\u80fd\uff0c\u5c06\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7ed9\u4e2d\u56fd\u3002<\/p>\n

1645\u5e7412\u6708\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c06\u8fd9\u90e8100\u5377\u7684\u300a\u897f\u6d0b\u65b0\u6cd5\u5386\u4e66\u300b\u8fdb\u5448\u6e05\u671d\uff0c\u520a\u523b\u5370\u884c\uff0c\u901a\u884c\u5168\u56fd\uff0c\u4ece\u6b64\u6210\u4e3a\u6bcf\u5e74\u7f16\u5236\u5386\u4e66\u548c\u5404\u79cd\u5929\u6587\u63a8\u6b65\u7684\u4f9d\u636e\uff0c\u76f4\u4ee5\u4eca\u5929\u4e5f\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u7f16\u5236\u519c\u5386\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7531\u4e8e\u6c64\u82e5\u671b\u5236\u5b9a\u7684\u5386\u4e66\u201c\u8003\u636e\u7cbe\u7965\uff0c\u7406\u660e\u6570\u8457\u201d\u201c\u521b\u7acb\u65b0\u6cd5\uff0c\u52e4\u52b3\u61cb\u8457\u201d\uff0c1646\u5e74\u6e05\u5ef7\u52a0\u6388\u4ed6\u592a\u5e38\u5bfa\u5c11\u537f\u8854\uff0c\u5b98\u9636\u4e3a\u6b63\u56db\u54c1\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

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\u3000\u987a\u6cbb\u5e1d\u7684\u201c\u739b\u6cd5\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u987a\u6cbb\u5e1d\u4eb2\u653f\u524d\uff0c\u6c64\u82e5\u671b\u5df2\u6df1\u5f97\u6444\u653f\u738b\u591a\u5c14\u886e\u7684\u4fe1\u4efb\uff0c\u591a\u5c14\u886e\u5bf9\u4ed6\u80fd\u9884\u77e5\u5929\u8c61\uff0c\u901a\u6653\u7269\u7406\u7684\u672c\u9886\u76f8\u5f53\u656c\u4f69\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u4ed6\u5728\u5929\u6587\u5448\u62a5\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u52a0\u4e0a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u89c1\u89e3\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u6c64\u82e5\u671b\u4e0d\u4f46\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u94a6\u5929\u76d1\u76d1\u6b63\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u5b98\u804c\uff0c\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7ed3\u4ea4\u5bab\u5185\u5916\u5b97\u5ba4\u6743\u8d35\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u4e2d\u56fd\u5c01\u5efa\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u5bf9\u5927\u81ea\u7136\u89c4\u5f8b\u7684\u656c\u754f\u5fc3\u7406\uff0c\u628a\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u7684\u53d8\u5f02\u4e0e\u7edf\u6cbb\u5409\u51f6\u8054\u7cfb\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u7528\u201c\u4e0a\u5929\u793a\u8b66\u201d\u7684\u9884\u5146\uff0c\u8fdb\u529d\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u4e0d\u8981\u91c7\u53d6\u6fc0\u5316\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u63aa\u65bd\u3002\u6c64\u82e5\u671b\u53d7\u5230\u6ee1\u65cf\u5b98\u5458\u7684\u5c0a\u656c\uff0c\u5728\u671d\u4e2d\u9887\u6709\u5a01\u671b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u66fe\u4ee5\u591a\u5c14\u886e\u64c5\u6743\u4e13\u653f\u63d0\u9192\u8fc7\u5e7c\u5c0f\u7684\u7687\u5e1d\u3002\u5e76\u6839\u636e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u533b\u5b66\u5e38\u8bc6\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u6240\u4e86\u89e3\u7684\u591a\u5c14\u886e\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u72b6\u51b5\uff0c\u4f5c\u51fa\u591a\u5c14\u886e\u5c06\u4e0d\u4e45\u4e8e\u4eba\u4e16\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u3002\u6c64\u82e5\u671b\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u65e0\u7591\u5177\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u30021651\u5e741\u6708\uff0c\u591a\u5c14\u886e\u75c5\u901d\u3002\u6c64\u82e5\u671b\u4e0d\u5931\u65f6\u673a\u5730\u4e3a\u987a\u6cbb\u5e1d\u9009\u62e9\u4e86\u4eb2\u653f\u65e5\u671f\uff0c\u5728\u591a\u5c14\u886e\u4e27\u671f\u521a\u6ee1\u76842\u67081\u65e5\uff0c\u987a\u6cbb\u5e1d\u5ba3\u5e03\u4eb2\u653f\uff0c\u5fa1\u592a\u548c\u6bbf\uff0c\u5de9\u56fa\u4e86\u6e05\u521d\u7684\u653f\u6743\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4ed6\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u987a\u6cbb\u5e1d\u548c\u7687\u592a\u540e\u7684\u597d\u611f\u548c\u4fe1\u4efb\u3002<\/p>\n

\u987a\u6cbb\u5e1d\u975e\u5e38\u94a6\u4f69\u6c64\u82e5\u671b\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u4e0e\u5b66\u95ee\uff0c\u4e0e\u4e4b\u4fdd\u6301\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u6c64\u82e5\u671b\u66fe\u4ee5\u4ed6\u7684\u533b\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\u6cbb\u597d\u4e86\u5b5d\u5e84\u592a\u540e\u7684\u4f84\u5973\u3001\u987a\u51b6\u5e1d\u672a\u5a5a\u7687\u540e\u7684\u75c5\uff0c\u4e3a\u6b64\u7687\u592a\u540e\u5bf9\u6c64\u82e5\u671b\u5f88\u611f\u6fc0\u3002\u8ba4\u4ed6\u4e3a\u201c\u4e49\u7236\u201d\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u987a\u6cbb\u5e1d\u4e5f\u5c0a\u4ed6\u4e3a\u201c\u739b\u6cd5\u201d(\u6ee1\u8bed\uff0c\u5c0a\u656c\u7684\u8001\u7237\u7237)\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e3a\u4e86\u8868\u793a\u5bf9\u6c64\u82e5\u671b\u7684\u597d\u611f\uff0c1651\u5e749\u6708\uff0c\u4e00\u5929\u4e4b\u5185\u52a0\u5c01\u6c64\u82e5\u671b\u901a\u8bae\u5927\u592b\u3001\u592a\u4ec6\u5bfa\u537f\u3001\u592a\u5e38\u5bfa\u537f\u4e09\u4e2a\u5934\u8854\u3002\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4ece\u539f\u6765\u7684\u6b63\u56db\u54c1\u664b\u5347\u4e3a\u4e09\u54c1\u3002\u540c\u65f6\u53c8\u52a0\u5c01\u4ed6\u7684\u7236\u4eb2\u3001\u7956\u7236\u4e3a\u901a\u5949\u5927\u592b\u3001\u6bcd\u4eb2\u3001\u7956\u6bcd\u4e3a\u4e8c\u54c1\u592b\u4eba\u3002\u8fd8\u5c06\u8bf0\u547d\u5c01\u4e66\uff0c\u90ae\u5bc4\u5230\u6c64\u82e5\u671b\u7684\u5bb6\u4e61\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5176\u540e\u53c8\u591a\u6b21\u52a0\u5c01\u30021654\u5e74\uff0c\u52a0\u5c01\u4e3a\u201c\u901a\u7384\u6559\u5e08\u201d\u30021657\u5e74\uff0c\u8d50\u201c\u901a\u653f\u4f7f\u53f8\u901a\u653f\u4f7f\u201d\u30021658\u5e742\u67082\u65e5\uff0c\u8d50\u201c\u5149\u7984\u5927\u592b\u201d\uff0c\u4e3a\u6b63\u4e00\u54c1\u30021661\u5e74\u6309\u6e05\u5ef7\u60ef\u4f8b\u52a0\u5c01\u5176\u7956\u4e09\u4ee3\u4e3a\u6b63\u4e00\u54c1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u987a\u6cbb\u5e1d\u7ecf\u5e38\u8bf7\u201c\u739b\u6cd5\u201d\u5230\u5bab\u4e2d\u53d9\u8c08\u3002\u65e0\u987b\u592a\u76d1\u4eec\u7684\u4f20\u5524\uff0c\u4e5f\u514d\u9664\u8c28\u89c1\u65f6\u7684\u53e9\u8dea\u4e4b\u793c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u987a\u6cbb\u5e1d\u8fd8\u6253\u7834\u5c0a\u5351\u4e0a\u4e0b\u7684\u60ef\u4f8b\uff0c\u5230\u6c64\u82e5\u671b\u6240\u5c45\u4f4f\u7684\u9986\u820d\u53bb\u770b\u671b\u3002\u4ec51656\u5e74\u52301657\u5e74\u4e24\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u7687\u5e1d\u4eb2\u4e34\u6c64\u82e5\u671b\u4f4f\u6c11\u53d9\u8c08\u6c42\u6559\uff0c\u5c31\u670924\u6b21\u4e4b\u591a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u671d\u5ef7\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e2d\uff0c\u6c64\u82e5\u671b\u4e5f\u4ee5\u5176\u5fb7\u9ad8\u4e4b\u52bf\u3001\u5728\u5173\u952e\u65f6\u523b\u51e0\u6b21\u529d\u8c0f\u987a\u6cbb\u5e1d\u3002\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u7acb\u55e3\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u4e5f\u8d77\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u4e0d\u4e45\uff0c\u8377\u5170\u5927\u516c\u6d3e\u9063\u4f7f\u8282\u56e2\u6765\u534e\u8fdb\u8d21\uff0c\u987a\u6cbb\u5927\u559c\uff0c\u547d\u4ee5\u6c64\u82e5\u671b\u4e3a\u4e3b\u63a5\u5f85\u8377\u5170\u4f7f\u8282\u56e2\u3002\u8377\u5170\u4f7f\u8282\u56e2\u76f4\u7387\u5730\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u8ba2\u7acb\u901a\u5546\u6761\u7ea6\u3001\u5728\u6fb3\u95e8\u83b7\u5f97\u5c45\u7559\u6743\u3001\u5141\u8bb8\u8377\u5170\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u6d3e\u8036\u9165\u4f1a\u6765\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f20\u6559\u7b49\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u6c64\u82e5\u671b\u8003\u8651\u5230\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u8036\u9165\u4f1a\u4e0e\u4ed6\u6240\u5c5e\u4e00\u6d3e\u6709\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u5c31\u529d\u8bf4\u987a\u6cbb\u62d2\u7edd\u8377\u5170\u4eba\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f20\u6559\uff0c\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u8377\u5170\u4eba\u83b7\u5f97\u6fb3\u95e8\u5c45\u7559\u6743\uff0c\u4f7f\u8461\u8404\u7259\u3001\u8377\u5170\u3001\u5357\u660e\u738b\u671d\u4e09\u79cd\u529b\u91cf\u5728\u6fb3\u95e8\u76f8\u4e92\u7275\u5236\uff0c\u5bf9\u5927\u6e05\u671d\u6700\u4e3a\u6709\u5229\u3002<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

1659\u5e745\u6708\uff0c\u90d1\u6210\u529f\u7387\u5341\u51e0\u4e07\u6c34\u9646\u5927\u519b\u5927\u4e3e\u5317\u4f10\uff0c\u5175\u4e34\u5357\u4eac\u57ce\u4e0b\uff0c\u987a\u6cbb\u5e1d\u88ab\u8fd9\u7a81\u5982\u5176\u6765\u7684\u5c40\u9762\u5413\u5f97\u60ca\u6050\u4e07\u72b6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u77e5\u6240\u63aa\u7adf\u60f3\u653e\u5f03\u5317\u4eac\uff0c\u9003\u56de\u5173\u5916\u7684\u8001\u5bb6\u53bb\u3002\u53d7\u5230\u5e84\u592a\u540e\u7684\u8bad\u65a5\u540e\uff0c\u53c8\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u6781\u7aef\u8df3\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6781\u7aef\uff0c\u4f20\u4e0b\u5723\u65e8\u8981\u5fa1\u9a7e\u4eb2\u5f81\uff0c\u8c01\u4e5f\u65e0\u6cd5\u529d\u963b\u3002\u5bab\u5ef7\u4e0a\u4e0b\u90fd\u675f\u624b\u65e0\u7b56\uff0c\u5927\u81e3\u4eec\u7eb7\u7eb7\u8dea\u4e0b\u529d\u963b\uff0c\u987a\u6cbb\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u542c\uff0c\u4eb2\u81ea\u7528\u5b9d\u5251\u5288\u65ad\u5fa1\u5ea7\uff0c\u5ba3\u79f0\u8c01\u6562\u963b\u6b62\u4ed6\u4ed6\u5c31\u5288\u6b7b\u8c01\u3002\u5927\u81e3\u4eec\u4e07\u822c\u65e0\u5948\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u53ea\u597d\u642c\u51fa\u5fb7\u9ad8\u671b\u91cd\u7684\u6c64\u82e5\u671b\u51fa\u9762\u529d\u9a7e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6c64\u82e5\u671b\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u7d27\u6025\u534f\u5546\u5bf9\u7b56\uff0c\u4e00\u81f4\u8ba4\u4e3a\u987a\u6cbb\u4e00\u65e6\u5e26\u8d70\u5fa1\u6797\u519b\uff0c\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u4eac\u5e08\u757f\u8f85\u91cd\u5730\u7684\u6df7\u4e71\uff0c\u4e2d\u539f\u591a\u96be\u5bf9\u897f\u65b9\u4f20\u6559\u4e8b\u4e1a\u4e0d\u5229\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u8036\u9165\u4f1a\u7684\u4f20\u6559\u4e8b\u4e1a\uff0c\u6c64\u82e5\u671b\u5e94\u8be5\u5192\u9669\u51fa\u9a6c\uff0c\u53bb\u529d\u8bf4\u987a\u6cbb\u6539\u53d8\u4e3b\u610f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6c64\u82e5\u671b\u7cbe\u5fc3\u64b0\u5199\u80fd\u591f\u6253\u52a8\u987a\u6cbb\u6b64\u523b\u5fc3\u5f26\u7684\u594f\u7ae0\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u65f6\u673a\u8dea\u529d\u987a\u6cbb\uff0c\u8bf4\u4ed6\u4ee5\u5341\u6570\u5e74\u7684\u8001\u81e3\u5fe0\u8bda\u4e4b\u5fc3\uff0c\u6073\u6c42\u7687\u4e0a\u7f62\u4eb2\u5f81\u4e4b\u8bae\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u4f7f\u56fd\u5bb6\u518d\u6fd2\u4e34\u88ab\u7834\u574f\u7684\u8fb9\u6cbf\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6c64\u82e5\u671b\u7684\u5192\u6b7b\u76f4\u8c0f\u53ef\u8c13\u6070\u9022\u5176\u65f6\uff0c\u987a\u6cbb\u5fc3\u5982\u660e\u955c\uff0c\u65e9\u6709\u56de\u5fc3\u8f6c\u610f\u4e4b\u5fc3\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u53f0\u9636\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6c64\u82e5\u671b\u535a\u53e4\u901a\u4eca\uff0c\u89c1\u89e3\u7cbe\u5230\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u900f\u5f7b\uff0c\u770b\u5230\u6c64\u82e5\u671b\u611f\u60c5\u6fc0\u8361\uff0c\u8001\u6cea\u7eb5\u6a2a\uff0c\u4e5f\u6df1\u53d7\u611f\u52a8\uff0c\u4fbf\u9002\u65f6\u8f6c\u5f2f\uff0c\u5c31\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9762\u5b50\u7ed9\u4e86\u6c64\u82e5\u671b\u3002<\/p>\n

24\u5c81\u7684\u987a\u6cbb\u4e0d\u4e45\u5f97\u5929\u82b1\u75c5\u91cd\u4e0d\u8d77\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u786e\u5b9a\u7687\u592a\u5b50\uff0c\u5728\u4ed6\u751f\u547d\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u523b\uff0c\u7279\u610f\u8ba9\u5e84\u592a\u540e\u53ec\u89c1\u6c64\u82e5\u671b\uff0c\u5c31\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e8b\u5173\u56fd\u5bb6\u524d\u9014\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u95ee\u9898\u5f81\u6c42\u6c64\u82e5\u671b\u7684\u610f\u89c1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u987a\u6cbb\u63d0\u51fa\u7531\u4ed6\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5802\u5144\u7ee7\u627f\u7687\u4f4d\uff0c\u6c64\u82e5\u671b\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b50\u627f\u7236\u4f4d\u3001\u7236\u5b50\u76f8\u627f\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e0e\u897f\u65b9\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u901a\u5e38\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u7acb\u7687\u5b50\u767b\u6781\uff0c\u800c\u4e09\u7687\u5b50\u7384\u70e8\u51fa\u8fc7\u5929\u82b1\uff0c\u53c8\u806a\u660e\u8fc7\u4eba\uff0c\u52e4\u4e8e\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u6700\u4e3a\u5408\u9002\u3002\u6c64\u82e5\u671b\u7684\u610f\u89c1\u4e0e\u5e84\u592a\u540e\u7684\u610f\u89c1\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u7384\u70e8\u4fbf\u88ab\u6276\u4e0a\u7687\u4f4d\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u662f\u6709\u540d\u7684\u5eb7\u7199\u7687\u5e1d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u5b66\u672f\u7814\u7a76<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4fee\u5386<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4e2d\u56fd\u53e4\u4ee3\uff0c\u5236\u5b9a\u5386\u6cd5\u548c\u9881\u5e03\u5386\u6cd5\u662f\u7687\u6743\u7684\u8c61\u5f81\uff0c\u5217\u4e3a\u671d\u5ef7\u7684\u8981\u653f\u3002\u5386\u4ee3\u738b\u671d\u90fd\u5728\u653f\u5e9c\u673a\u6784\u4e2d\u8bbe\u6709\u4e13\u95e8\u53f8\u5929\u7684\u5929\u6587\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\u592a\u53f2\u5c40\u3001\u53f8\u5929\u76d1\u3001\u53f8\u5929\u5c40\u3001\u94a6\u5929\u76d1\u7b49\uff0c\u914d\u5907\u4e00\u5b9a\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u5177\u6709\u4e13\u95e8\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u8fdb\u884c\u5929\u6587\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u5386\u4e66\u7f16\u7b97\u3002\u5386\u6cd5\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u9664\u4e86\u4e3a\u519c\u4e1a\u751f\u4ea7\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u6d3b\u6388\u65f6\u670d\u52a1\u5916\uff0c\u66f4\u8981\u4e3a\u738b\u671d\u6c9f\u901a\u5929\u610f\u3001\u8d8b\u5409\u907f\u51f6\u3002\u65e5\u3001\u6708\u98df\u548c\u5404\u79cd\u5f02\u5e38\u5929\u8c61\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u5e38\u88ab\u770b\u505a\u662f\u4e0a\u5929\u51fa\u793a\u7684\u8b66\u544a\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u5929\u5782\u8c61\uff0c\u793a\u5409\u51f6\uff0c\u5723\u4eba\u5219\u4e4b\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u660e\u4ee3\uff0c\u5386\u6cd5\u5e74\u4e45\u5931\u4fee\u3001\u6545\u7ecf\u5e38\u51fa\u73b0\u821b\u8c2c\uff0c\u4fee\u5386\u8feb\u5728\u7709\u776b\u30021629\u5e74(\u5d07\u796f\u4e8c\u5e74)11\u67086\u65e5\uff0c\u5386\u5c40\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u5386\u5c40\u662f\u4e2a\u4e34\u65f6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6539\u5386\u7684\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u5176\u4efb\u52a1\u5c31\u662f\u7f16\u7e82\u4e00\u90e8\u300a\u5d07\u796f\u5386\u4e66\u300b\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u5c31\u662f\u7f16\u7e82\u4e00\u90e8\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u6570\u7406\u5929\u6587\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\u96c6\u6210\u3002\u5386\u5c40\u7684\u6210\u7acb\u610f\u5473\u7740\u897f\u65b9\u53e4\u5178\u5929\u6587\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f20\u5165\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u4e2d\u897f\u5929\u6587\u5b66\u4ea4\u6d41\u6c9f\u901a\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5386\u5c40\u5728\u5f90\u5149\u542f\u4e3b\u6301\u4e0b\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u5341\u591a\u5e74\u7684\u8f9b\u52e4\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u7ec8\u4e8e1634\u5e7412\u6708\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u5377\u5e19\u6d69\u7e41\u7684\u300a\u5d07\u796f\u5386\u4e66\u300b\uff0c\u5171\u8ba146\u79cd\u4e00\u767e\u4e09\u5341\u4e03\u5377\u3002\u5185\u5bb9\u5206\u201c\u4e94\u76ee\u201d\u3001\u201c\u516d\u6b21\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u201c\u4e94\u76ee\u201d\u6307\u7684\u662f\uff1a\u6cd5\u539f\uff0c\u5373\u5929\u6587\u5b66\u57fa\u672c\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7403\u9762\u5929\u6587\u5b66\u539f\u7406;\u6cd5\u6570\uff0c\u5373\u5929\u6587\u6570\u8868\uff0c\u9644\u6709\u4f7f\u7528\u8bf4\u660e;\u6cd5\u7b97\uff0c\u5373\u5929\u6587\u8ba1\u7b97\u5fc5\u5907\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5e73\u9762\u548c\u7403\u9762\u4e09\u89d2\u5b66\u51e0\u4f55\u5b66;\u6cd5\u5668\uff0c\u5929\u6587\u4eea\u5668\u77e5\u8bc6;\u4f1a\u901a\uff0c\u6307\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f20\u7edf\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u897f\u5386\u5ea6\u91cf\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u6362\u7b97\u3002<\/p>\n

\u201c\u516d\u6b21\u201d\u6307\u7684\u662f\uff1a\u65e5\u8e94\u5386\u3001\u6052\u661f\u5386\u3001\u6708\u79bb\u5386\u3001\u65e5\u6708\u4ea4\u4f1a\u5386\u3001\u4e94\u7eac\u661f\u5386\u3001\u4e94\u661f\u4ea4\u4f1a\u5386\u516d\u79cd\u3002\u5305\u62ec\u65e5\u6708\u4e94\u661f\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u6052\u661f\u65b9\u4f4d\uff0c\u65e5\u6708\u4ea4\u98df\uff0c\u8282\u6c14\uff0c\u6714\u671b\u7b49\u7684\u4e2d\u897f\u6362\u7b97\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u6c64\u82e5\u671b\u51fa\u751f\u5360\u661f\u547d\u76e4<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u7531\u6c64\u82e5\u671b\u7f16\u5199\u548c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5927\u591a\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u6052\u661f\u4ea4\u98df\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u8ba1\u6709<\/p>\n

1.\u300a\u4ea4\u98df\u5386\u6307\u300b\u56db\u5377\uff0c<\/p>\n

2.\u300a\u4ea4\u98df\u5386\u8868\u300b\u4e8c\u5377\u3002<\/p>\n

3.\u300a\u4ea4\u98df\u5386\u6307\u300b\u4e09\u5377\u3002<\/p>\n

4.\u300a\u4ea4\u98df\u8bf8\u8868\u7528\u6cd5\u300b\u4e8c\u5377\u3002<\/p>\n

5.\u300a\u4ea4\u98df\u8499\u6c42\u300b\u4e00\u5377\u3002<\/p>\n

6.\u300a\u53e4\u4eca\u4ea4\u98df\u8003\u300b\u4e00\u5377\u3002<\/p>\n

7.\u300a\u6052\u661f\u51fa\u6ca1\u8868\u300b\u4e8c\u5377\u3002<\/p>\n

8.\u300a\u4ea4\u98df\u8868\u300b\u56db\u5377\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u300a\u5d07\u796f\u5386\u4e66\u300b\u7684\u7f16\u64b0\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u4e2d\u56fd\u5929\u6587\u5b66\u4ece\u6b64\u7eb3\u5165\u4e16\u754c\u5929\u6587\u5b66\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u5171\u540c\u8f68\u9053\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u90e8\u5386\u4e66\u8fd8\u6709\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5584\u4e4b\u5904\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5386\u6cd5\u53d1\u5c55\u53f2\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u6b21\u5212\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u94f8\u70ae<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u5927\u7ea6\u57281638\u5e74\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6c64\u82e5\u671b\u4e0e\u674e\u5929\u7ecf\u9009\u62e9\u4e86\u5fb7\u56fd\u77ff\u51b6\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u963f\u683c\u91cc\u79d1\u62c9(G. Agocla)\u4e8e1550\u5e74\u64b0\u5199\u7684\u8bba\u8ff016\u4e16\u7eaa\u6b27\u6d32\u5f00\u91c7\u3001\u51b6\u91d1\u6280\u672f\u7684\u5de8\u8457\u300a\u77ff\u51b6\u5168\u4e66\u300b\u4e3a\u5e95\u672c\uff0c\u4e0e\u5386\u5c40\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u5458\u6768\u4e4b\u534e\u3001\u80e1\u5b8f\u5baa\u7b49\u8fdb\u884c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u3002\u4e2d\u8bd1\u672c\u5b9a\u540d\u4e3a\u300a\u5764\u8206\u683c\u81f4\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u300a\u5764\u8206\u683c\u81f4\u300b\u5171\u520612\u5377\uff0c\u6d89\u53ca\u77ff\u4e1a\u548c\u76f8\u5173\u51b6\u91d1\u5de5\u5e8f\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u3002\u5176\u5185\u5bb9\u5305\u62ec\u77ff\u5c71\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u5f00\u91c7\u539f\u7406\u3001\u52d8\u63a2\u6280\u672f\u3001\u91c7\u77ff\u6280\u672f\u3001\u91c7\u77ff\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u8bbe\u5907\u3001\u68c0\u9a8c\u77ff\u77f3\u7269\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u77ff\u77f3\u7194\u70bc\u6cd5\uff0c\u8d35\u91d1\u5c5e\u4e0e\u975e\u91d1\u5c5e\u5206\u79bb\u6cd5\u7b49\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

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