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\u897f\u7f57\u9a6c\u8870\u4ea1\u662f\u6b27\u6d32\u53f2\u4e0a\u4e00\u5927\u8bfe\u9898\u3002\u4ece\u5409\u670b\uff08Edward Gibbon\uff09\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u8bba\u8457\u4e0d\u65ad\u3002\u5409\u670b\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u8457\u4f5cThe Decline and Fall of Roman Empire\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7f57\u9a6c\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u8986\u4ea1\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u5168\u9762\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\uff1a\u5185\u4e71\u5916\u60a3\uff0c\u5929\u707e\u4eba\u7978\uff0c\u90fd\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u6270\u4e71\u4e86\u4e5f\u524a\u5f31\u4e86\u7f57\u9a6c\u7684\u56fd\u529b\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u7b2c\u4e09\u5341\u7ae0\u4e2d\uff0c\u7efc\u8ff0\u4e86\u8986\u4ea1\u7684\u51e0\u9879\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u4ed6\u7279\u522b\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u53ca\u5176\u5bf9\u7f57\u9a6c\u7cbe\u795e\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u6559\u4f1a\u4e0e\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e24\u4e2a\u5206\u7acb\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e5f\u4f7f\u7f57\u9a6c\u793e\u4f1a\u96be\u4ee5\u6574\u5408\u3002\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5409\u670b\u4ee5\u4e3a\u7f57\u9a6c\u4f4e\u4f30\u4e86\u8fb9\u7586\u5916\u65cf\u7684\u5a01\u80c1\uff0c\u6307\u51fa\u7f57\u9a6c\u7586\u57df\u5185\u5404\u5730\u533a\u5229\u76ca\u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u591a\u5143\u6027\uff0c\u4e5f\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u6587\u660e\u8150\u8680\u4e86\u7f57\u9a6c\u4eba\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u4e0e\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u53e6\u4e00\u4f4d\u7f57\u9a6c\u53f2\u7684\u4e13\u5bb6Michael I. Rostovtzeff \u5219\u4ece\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53f2\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u8003\u5bdf\u7f57\u9a6c\u8870\u4ea1\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u4ed6\u6307\u51fa\u7f57\u9a6c\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5206\u5316\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u7f57\u9a6c\u4e16\u5bb6\u5927\u65cf\u4e0e\u4e00\u822c\u767e\u59d3\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u9694\u7edd\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u7531\u4e8e\u7f57\u9a6c\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u90fd\u5e02\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u6709\u57ce\u4e61\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5bf9\u7acb\u3002\u7ec8\u4e8e\uff0c\u4ee5\u57ce\u5e02\u6587\u5316\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u7f57\u9a6c\uff0c\u88ab\u5e95\u5c42\u6587\u5316\u62c9\u57ae\u4e86\u3002Frank William Walbank \u4e5f\u4ece\u793e\u4f1a\u7ed3\u6784\u5206\u6790\u7f57\u9a6c\u7684\u8986\u4ea1\uff0c\u5374\u91c7\u53d6\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e3a\u7f57\u9a6c\u4f4e\u6548\u7387\u7684\u5974\u96b6\u751f\u4ea7\u5236\u662f\u7f57\u9a6c\u5d29\u89e3\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002Ramsey McMullen \u5c06\u7f57\u9a6c\u8986\u4ea1\u5f52\u548e\u4e8e\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u8d1f\u62c5\u53ca\u519b\u4eba\u52bf\u529b\u7684\u81a8\u80c0\u3002A.H. M. Jones \u8ba4\u4e3a\u7f57\u9a6c\u65e9\u671f\u6269\u5f20\u53ca\u540e\u671f\u7684\u5916\u60a3\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u7f57\u9a6c\u8d22\u653f\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u53ca\u5916\u91cd\u5185\u8f7b\u7684\u5931\u8861\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5916\u65cf\u7684\u538b\u529b\u662f\u7f57\u9a6c\u8986\u4ea1\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u4e5f\u6709\u4ee5\u4e3a\u81ea\u7136\u707e\u5bb3\u53ca\u751f\u6001\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u7f57\u9a6c\u5e1d\u56fd\u519c\u4e1a\u8870\u9000\uff0c\u4eba\u53e3\u51cf\u5c11\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u6269\u6563\u578b\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u79bb\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8d8a\u8fdc\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u63a7\u5236\u8d8a\u5f31\uff0c\u7f57\u9a6c\u5728\u5404\u5904\u7684\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u90fd\u4ee5\u57ce\u5e02\u4e3a\u636e\u70b9\u3002\u5728\u610f\u5927\u5229\u534a\u5c9b\u4e0a\uff0c\u57ce\u5e02\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u5bc6\u5207\u7684\u6765\u5f80\u3002\u5730\u4e2d\u6d77\u5404\u5730\uff0c\u5982\u5317\u975e\u53ca\u5317\u5cb8\uff0c\u5219\u57ce\u5e02\u4e0e\u57ce\u5916\uff0c\u65cf\u5c5e\u4e0e\u6587\u5316\u5747\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u9887\u50cf\u4e2d\u56fd\u5468\u4ee3\u7684\u5c01\u5efa\uff0c\u6709\u56fd\u91ce\u7684\u622a\u7136\u5212\u5206\u3002\u5730\u4e2d\u6d77\u4e1c\u90e8\u4ee5\u53ca\u6d77\u4e1c\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u539f\u662f\u5e0c\u814a\u6587\u5316\u7684\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u5404\u5c5e\u5730\u6709\u5176\u5404\u81ea\u5386\u53f2\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u7f57\u9a6c\u4eba\u7684\u620d\u519b\u53ca\u6b96\u6c11\u8005\u6240\u5efa\u5e84\u56ed\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5168\u662f\u571f\u8457\u5c45\u6c11\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u7f57\u9a6c\u7684\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u5747\u987b\u5047\u624b\u5f53\u5730\u7684\u52bf\u529b\u3002\u4e3e\u4f8b\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u4e5f\u662f\u7f57\u9a6c\u767e\u59d3\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u6cbb\u8036\u7a23\u6b7b\u7f6a\uff0c\u7f57\u9a6c\u7684\u603b\u7763\u7f6e\u8eab\u4e8b\u5916\uff0c\u8ba9\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u4ee5\u72b9\u592a\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5904\u7f6e\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6b21\u7ea7\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5176\u539f\u6709\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u6027\uff0c\u8fdc\u8f83\u6c49\u4ee3\u5dde\u90e1\u7684\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\u4e3a\u5f3a\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u7f57\u9a6c\u5931\u53bb\u63a7\u5236\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6b21\u7ea7\u7cfb\u7edf\u81ea\u7136\u7eb7\u7eb7\u8131\u5e45\uff0c\u7f57\u9a6c\u7684\u590d\u6742\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e5f\u5c31\u5d29\u89e3\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

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