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\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u53ef\u4ee5\u5411\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u9635\u8425\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u63d0\u4f9b\u6838\u4fdd\u62a4\uff0c[14]\u5374\u5e76\u4e0d\u5e0c\u671b\u4ed6\u4eec\u5206\u4eab\u6838\u6b66\u5668\u7684\u79d8\u5bc6\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0d\u60f3\u8ba9\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u638c\u63e1\u8fdb\u5165\u6838\u6b66\u5e93\u5927\u95e8\u7684\u94a5\u5319\u3002\u57281952\u5e74\u5e95\uff0c\u5373\u4ee5\u4e2d\u56fd\u8457\u540d\u6838\u7269\u7406\u4e13\u5bb6\u94b1\u4e09\u5f3a\u4e3a\u9996\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u4ee3\u8868\u56e2\u8bbf\u82cf\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u82cf\u8054\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u9662\u957f\u6d85\u65af\u6885\u4e9a\u8bfa\u592b\u9662\u58eb\u5411\u82cf\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u6cbb\u5c40\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u62a5\u544a\u3002\u5728\u8c08\u5230\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u6765\u8bbf\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u5b89\u6392\u65f6\uff0c\u6d85\u65af\u6885\u4e9a\u8bfa\u592b\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u53ea\u5411\u94b1\u4e09\u5f3a\u4ecb\u7ecd\u201c\u4e00\u822c\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u79d1\u7814\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u8981\u8ba9\u4ed6\u8be6\u7ec6\u4e86\u89e3\u7b2c\u4e00\u603b\u5c40\u8bfe\u9898\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u201d\u3002[15]\u9274\u4e8e\u82cf\u8054\u4eba\u6c11\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u4e0b\u5c5e\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u603b\u5c40\u6b63\u5728\u9886\u5bfc\u7740\u82cf\u8054\u539f\u5b50\u80fd\u5229\u7528\u9886\u57df\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c\u3001\u94c0\u52a0\u5de5\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u4e8b\u52a1\u548c\u539f\u5b50\u52a8\u529b\u88c5\u7f6e\u7684\u5efa\u9020\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u5efa\u8bae\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u660e\u82cf\u8054\u6b64\u65f6\u5c1a\u65e0\u610f\u5411\u4e2d\u56fd\u900f\u9732\u539f\u5b50\u80fd\u7684\u79d8\u5bc6\u3002\u679c\u7136\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4ee3\u8868\u56e2\u5728\u53c2\u89c2\u4e2d\u201c\u53ea\u63a5\u89e6\u5230\u4e86\u51e0\u540d\u4e1d\u6beb\u4e0d\u4e86\u89e3\u6838\u6280\u672f\u8bfe\u9898\u7684\u79d1\u7814\u4eba\u5458\u201d\u3002[16]\u800c\u5f53\u94b1\u4e09\u5f3a\u63d0\u51fa\u80fd\u5426\u63d0\u4f9b\u6709\u5173\u6838\u79d1\u5b66\u4eea\u5668\u548c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6027\u53cd\u5e94\u5806\u65f6\uff0c\u82cf\u65b9\u542b\u7cca\u5730\u56de\u7b54\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5916\u4ea4\u9014\u5f84\u89e3\u51b3\u3002[17]\u867d\u7136\u53cc\u65b9\u5bf9\u6b64\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u6240\u63a5\u89e6\uff0c\u4f46\u81f3\u5c11\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u5c1a\u672a\u770b\u5230\u4efb\u4f55\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u6280\u672f\u6765\u6e90\uff0c\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u6218\u4e89\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u56fd\u5bb6\u8d22\u529b\u6709\u9650\u7b49\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u51b3\u5b9a\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e94\u5e74\u8ba1\u5212\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5217\u5165\u7814\u5236\u6838\u6b66\u5668\u7684\u51c6\u5907\u63aa\u65bd\u3002[18]<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

1954\u5e7410\u6708\uff0c\u8d6b\u9c81\u6653\u592b\u8bbf\u534e<\/p>\n

\u65af\u5927\u6797\u53bb\u4e16\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u82cf\u8054\u9886\u5bfc\u5c42\u63a5\u8fde\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u53d1\u751f\u6fc0\u70c8\u7684\u6743\u529b\u6597\u4e89\u3002\u8d6b\u9c81\u6653\u592b\u4e3a\u4e86\u6218\u80dc\u5176\u653f\u6cbb\u5bf9\u624b\uff0c\u79ef\u6781\u8c03\u6574\u5bf9\u534e\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u5e76\u4e00\u518d\u8ba8\u597d\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u3002[19]\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u518d\u6b21\u8003\u8651\u5230\u7814\u5236\u6838\u6b66\u5668\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u30021954\u5e7410\u6708\u8d6b\u9c81\u6653\u592b\u8bbf\u534e\u65f6\uff0c\u4e3b\u52a8\u95ee\u4e2d\u65b9\u8fd8\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u8d81\u6b64\u673a\u4f1a\u63d0\u51fa\u5bf9\u539f\u5b50\u80fd\u3001\u6838\u6b66\u5668\u611f\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u5e76\u5e0c\u671b\u82cf\u8054\u5728\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u7ed9\u4e88\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002\u8d6b\u9c81\u6653\u592b\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7a81\u5982\u5176\u6765\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u6ca1\u6709\u51c6\u5907\uff0c\u7a0d\u505a\u8fdf\u7591\u540e\u4ed6\u529d\u8bf4\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u5e94\u96c6\u4e2d\u529b\u91cf\u6293\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5efa\u8bbe\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u641e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8017\u8d39\u5de8\u8d44\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u5e76\u8868\u793a\u53ea\u8981\u6709\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u6838\u4fdd\u62a4\u4f1e\u5c31\u884c\u4e86\u3002\u8d6b\u9c81\u6653\u592b\u6700\u540e\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u7531\u82cf\u8054\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e2d\u56fd\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u578b\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6027\u6838\u53cd\u5e94\u5806\uff0c\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u539f\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u57f9\u8bad\u6280\u672f\u529b\u91cf\u3002[20]<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

1954\u5e7410\u670821\u65e5\uff0c\u5c3c\u8d6b\u9c81\u4e0e\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u5728\u5317\u4eac<\/p>\n

\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u7b54\u5e94\u63d0\u4f9b\u6838\u5e2e\u52a9\u7684\u786e\u4ee4\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u5174\u594b\u4e0d\u5df2\uff0c\u6070\u5728\u6b64\u524d\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5730\u8d28\u961f\u53c8\u5728\u5e7f\u897f\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u94c0\u77ff\uff0c\u5f15\u8d77\u4e2d\u5171\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u91cd\u89c6\u3002[28]1955\u5e741\u670815\u65e5\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u4e3b\u6301\u53ec\u5f00\u4e86\u4e2d\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u4e66\u8bb0\u5904\u6269\u5927\u4f1a\u8bae\u3002\u5728\u542c\u53d6\u5730\u8d28\u90e8\u957f\u674e\u56db\u5149\u3001\u526f\u90e8\u957f\u5218\u6770\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e2d\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u7269\u7406\u7814\u7a76\u6240\uff08\u539f\u5b50\u80fd\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u7684\u524d\u8eab\uff09\u6240\u957f\u94b1\u4e09\u5f3a\u7684\u6c47\u62a5\u540e\uff0c\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u9ad8\u5174\u5730\u5411\u5230\u4f1a\u4eba\u5458\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u8fc7\u53bb\u51e0\u5e74\u5176\u4ed6\u4e8b\u60c5\u5f88\u591a\uff0c\u8fd8\u6765\u4e0d\u53ca\u6293\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b\u3002\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b\u603b\u662f\u8981\u6293\u7684\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u5230\u65f6\u5019\u4e86\uff0c\u8be5\u6293\u4e86\u3002\u53ea\u8981\u6392\u4e0a\u65e5\u7a0b\uff0c\u8ba4\u771f\u6293\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u53ef\u4ee5\u641e\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u201d\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u8fd8\u5f3a\u8c03\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u73b0\u5728\u82cf\u8054\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u63f4\u52a9\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u641e\u597d\uff01\u6211\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u5e72\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e00\u5b9a\u80fd\u5e72\u597d\uff01\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u8981\u6709\u4eba\uff0c\u53c8\u6709\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u4ec0\u4e48\u5947\u8ff9\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u9020\u51fa\u6765\uff01\u201d\u4f1a\u8bae\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u4ee3\u53f7\u4e3a02\u7684\u6838\u6b66\u5668\u7814\u5236\u8ba1\u5212\u3002[29]\u968f\u540e\uff0c\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u4fbf\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u300a\u539f\u5b50\u5f39\u5413\u4e0d\u5012\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u300b\u7684\u8bb2\u8bdd\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u8bb2\u7684\u8fd8\u662f\u7528\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5c0f\u7c73\u52a0\u6b65\u67aa\u5bf9\u4ed8\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u98de\u673a\u52a0\u539f\u5b50\u5f39\uff0c\u4f46\u5df2\u7ecf\u53ef\u4ee5\u5145\u6ee1\u4fe1\u5fc3\u5730\u5ba3\u5e03\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u53d1\u52a8\u6218\u4e89\uff0c\u5c31\u5c06\u201c\u5728\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u88ab\u6d88\u706d\u201d\u3002[30]\u662f\u670831\u65e5\u5468\u6069\u6765\u5728\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u7b2c\u56db\u6b21\u5168\u4f53\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\u4e5f\u63d0\u51fa\uff1a\u201c\u5728\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5f88\u843d\u540e\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6709\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u4fe1\u5fc3\u3001\u6709\u51b3\u5fc3\u80fd\u591f\u8d76\u4e0a\u53bb\u3002\u201d\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u6838\u6050\u6016\u5413\u4e0d\u5012\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u638c\u63e1\u539f\u5b50\u5f39\u3002[31]\u56fd\u9632\u90e8\u957f\u5f6d\u5fb7\u6000\u5219\u57282\u670818\u65e5\u5411\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u62a5\u544a\u5de5\u4f5c\u65f6\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u6b63\u5f0f\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u7814\u5236\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u6838\u6b66\u5668\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002[32]\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u57283\u6708\u7684\u4e2d\u5171\u5168\u56fd\u4ee3\u8868\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\u5ba3\u5e03\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fdb\u5165\u4e86\u201c\u5f00\u59cb\u8981\u94bb\u539f\u5b50\u80fd\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u65b0\u65f6\u671f\u201d\u3002[33]<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

\u8042\u8363\u81fb\u4e0e\u94b1\u5b66\u68ee\u7b49<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

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