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2.1931\u5e74\u85aa\u9977\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u51b2\u51fb<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u7b14\u8005\u624b\u4e2d\u6ca1\u67091919\u5e74\u85aa\u9977\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u4f46\u662f1925\u5e74\u85aa\u9977\u65b9\u6848\u5219\u5927\u81f4\u5982\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ee5\u5468\u85aa\u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d\uff081\u78c5=20\u5148\u4ee4=240\u4fbf\u58eb\uff09\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u7b49\u89c1\u4e60\u6c34\u624b\uff1a8\u5148\u4ee49\u4fbf\u58eb\uff1b<\/p>\n

\u666e\u901a\u6c34\u624b\uff08\u6ee118\u5c81\u65f6\u83b7\u5f97\uff09\uff1a14\u5148\u4ee4\uff1b<\/p>\n

\u719f\u7ec3\u6c34\u624b\uff08\u6ee119\u5c81\u65f6\u83b7\u5f97\uff09\uff1a21\u5148\u4ee4\uff1b<\/p>\n

\u9886\u73ed\u6c34\u624b\uff1a30\u5148\u4ee44\u4fbf\u58eb\uff1b<\/p>\n

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\u4e8c\u7b49\u53f8\u7089\uff1a17\u5148\u4ee4\uff1b<\/p>\n

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\u58eb\u5b98\uff1a42\u5148\u4ee4\uff1b<\/p>\n

\u58eb\u5b98\u957f\uff1a52\u5148\u4ee46\u4fbf\u58eb\uff1b<\/p>\n

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25\u5c81\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6c34\u5175\u8fd8\u5c06\u83b7\u5f97\u5a5a\u59fb\/\u80b2\u513f\u8865\u52a9\uff08\u6570\u76ee\u4e0d\u8be6\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6c34\u5175\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4f19\u98df\u8d39\u4e5f\u5f97\u4ece\u8fd9\u7b14\u6536\u5165\u4e2d\u652f\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5f53\u7136\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u6c34\u5175\u4eec\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u635e\u5916\u5feb\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u5728\u4e1a\u4f59\u65f6\u95f4\u5ba2\u4e32\u7406\u53d1\u5e08\uff084\u4fbf\u58eb\u4e00\u6b21\uff09\u3001\u88c1\u7f1d\uff08\u6bcf\u5957\u5236\u670d\u52a0\u5de5\u8d397\u5148\u4ee4\uff0c\u5305\u659915\u5148\u4ee46\u4fbf\u58eb\uff09\u3001\u4fee\u978b\u5320\uff087\u4fbf\u58eb\uff5e4\u5148\u4ee46\u4fbf\u58eb\u4e0d\u7b49\uff09\uff0c\u6444\u5f71\u5e08\u2014\u2014\u4e0d\u8fc7\u8fd9\u53ea\u662f\u5c11\u6570\u4eba\u624d\u80fd\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u4e14\u9700\u8981\u6d77\u519b\u7684\u8ba4\u53ef\u3002\u6b64\u5916\u8fd8\u6709\u5404\u79cd\u624b\u827a\u6d3b\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5236\u4f5c\u5377\u70df\u51fa\u552e\uff08\u534a\u4fbf\u58eb\u6bcf\u6839\uff09\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u4e3a\u519b\u5b98\u5236\u4f5c\u7cbe\u7f8e\u7684\u671b\u8fdc\u955c\u7ef3\u73af\uff08\u82e5\u5e72\u5148\u4ee4\uff09\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u505a\u5c0f\u624b\u5de5\u51fa\u552e\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u810f\u6d3b\uff0c\u5982\u4ee3\u6d17\u8863\u670d\uff0c\u4ee3\u5237\u540a\u5e8a\uff0c\u6e05\u6d17\u6cb9\u69fd\uff083\u4fbf\u58eb\u6bcf\u6b21\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u5c3d\u7ba11919\u5e74\u85aa\u9977\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u6682\u7f3a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ece\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u7684\u56de\u5fc6\u6765\u770b\u5728\u8be5\u65b9\u6848\u4e0b\u6c34\u5175\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u4e5f\u8fdc\u8fdc\u8c08\u4e0d\u4e0a\u5bbd\u88d5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5f531929\u5e74\u4e16\u754c\u6027\u91d1\u878d\u5371\u673a\u7206\u53d1\u540e\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u5730\u53d7\u5230\u91cd\u5927\u51b2\u51fb\u3002\u81f31931\u5e74\u79cb\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u5931\u4e1a\u4eba\u53e3\u5df2\u8fbe250\u4e07\u3002\u9762\u5bf9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5371\u673a\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u5f00\u6e90\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u8282\u6d41\uff0c\u800c\u5c31\u653f\u5e9c\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u529e\u6cd5\u5c31\u662f\u780d\u5f00\u652f\u30021931\u5e746\u670831\u65e5\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u652f\u51fa\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff08Committee on National Expenditure\uff09\u63d0\u8bae\u524a\u51cf\u5305\u62ec\u6b66\u88c5\u4eba\u5458\u5728\u5185\u7684\u516c\u52a1\u5458\u5de5\u8d44\uff0c\u53e3\u53f7\u4e5f\u662f\u51a0\u5195\u5802\u7687\uff1a\u201c\u6240\u6709\u4e3a\u965b\u4e0b\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u5b98\u5175\u90fd\u65e0\u6743\u8981\u6c42\u67d0\u4e00\u7279\u5b9a\u85aa\u9977\u201d\u3002\u5f53\u5e749\u6708\uff0c\u6d77\u519b\u90e8\u540c\u610f\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u5458\u85aa\u9977\u6c34\u5e73\u964d\u4f4e\u52301925\u5e74\u85aa\u9977\u65b9\u6848\u6c34\u5e73\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ece\u6c34\u5175\u4eec\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u65b9\u6848\u65e0\u7591\u662f\u6b8b\u5fcd\u7684\u3002\u53c2\u4e0e\u5175\u53d8\u7684\u201c\u80e1\u5fb7\u201d\u53f7\u6c34\u5175\u9996\u9886\u4e4b\u4e00\u66fe\u81f4\u4fe1\u300a\u5148\u9a71\u65e5\u62a5\u300b\uff08The Daily Herald\uff09\u8868\u793a\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u59bb\u513f\u800c\u594b\u8d77\u53cd\u6297\u3002\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u5df2\u7ecf\u5c06\u5728\u8239\u4e0a\u7684\u82b1\u9500\u964d\u5230\u6700\u4f4e\u6c34\u5e73\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u4ea4\u5b8c\u623f\u79df\u4e4b\u540e\u59bb\u513f\u6bcf\u5468\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u8d39\u53ea\u6709\u4e0d\u52301\u78c5\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4ed6\u4eec\u53c8\u600e\u80fd\u63a5\u53d7\u6bcf\u54687.5\u5148\u4ee4\u7684\u51cf\u85aa\uff08\u6309\uff1a\u4f30\u8ba1\u6b64\u4eba\u662f\u4e00\u7b49\u53f8\u7089\uff09\u3002\u5728\u5175\u53d8\u4e2d\u4e5f\u6709\u53f8\u7089\u6fc0\u52a8\u5730\u58f0\u79f0\u4ed6\u7684\u59bb\u513f\u6bcf\u5929\u9700\u89813\u5148\u4ee4\u751f\u6d3b\u8d39\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u4e0d\u51cf\u85aa\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u5df2\u7ecf\u6b20\u4e8610\u78c5\u7684\u503a\u3002\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u6d77\u519b\u90e8\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u65e0\u7591\u8fdd\u80cc\u4e861925\u5e74\u85aa\u9977\u65b9\u6848\u51fa\u53f0\u65f6\u7684\u8bfa\u8a00\uff0c\u5728\u6c34\u5175\u4eec\u770b\u6765\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u80cc\u53db\uff0c\u5bf9\u6b64\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f53\u7136\u4e0d\u80fd\u63a5\u53d7\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u25bc\u4e0b\u56fe\u4e3a\u9898\u4e3a\u201c\u53d1\u85aa\u65e5\u201d\u7684\u6f2b\u753b\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005Jack Kettle\u3002\u5370\u5237\u8be5\u753b\u7684\u660e\u4fe1\u7247\u4e8e\u56e0\u5f17\u6208\u767b\u5175\u53d8\u65f6\u671f\u5728\u201c\u80e1\u5fb7\u201d\u53f7\u4e0a\u51fa\u552e\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

3.\u60b2\u5267\u7684\u4e58\u65b9<\/strong><\/p>\n

1931\u5e749\u67088\u65e5\uff0c\u5728\u53c2\u52a0\u5b8c\u6734\u8328\u8305\u65af\u6d77\u519b\u5468\u6d3b\u52a8\u540e\uff0c\u201c\u80e1\u5fb7\u201d\u53f7\u524d\u5f80\u82cf\u683c\u5170\u53c2\u4e0e\u5e38\u4f8b\u7684\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u8230\u961f\u79cb\u5b63\u70ae\u672f\u5de1\u822a\u30029\u67087\u65e5\uff0c\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u8230\u961f\u6307\u6325\u5b98\u8fc8\u514b\u5c14\u00b7\u970d\u5947\u6d77\u519b\u4e0a\u5c06\uff08Michael Hodge\uff09\u4e34\u65f6\u56e0\u75c5\u5165\u9662\uff0c\u6c64\u59c6\u91d1\u68ee\u5c11\u5c06\u4e34\u65f6\u53d7\u547d\u6307\u6325\u6574\u4e2a\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u8230\u961f\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e00\u610f\u5916\uff0c\u6d77\u519b\u90e8\u4e8e9\u67083\u65e5\u53d1\u51fa\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u89e3\u91ca\u51cf\u85aa\u7684AM 1738\u53f7\u4ee4\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u4f20\u8fbe\u5230\u6c64\u59c6\u91d1\u68ee\u624b\u4e2d\u30029\u670810\u65e5\uff0c\u8d22\u653f\u90e8\u957f\u5411\u56fd\u4f1a\u53d1\u8868\u4e34\u65f6\u6f14\u8bf4\uff0c\u516c\u5f00\u4e86\u653f\u5e9c\u652f\u51fa\u524a\u51cf\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u540c\u65e5\uff0c\u6d77\u519b\u90e8\u5411\u6240\u6709\u5c06\u5b98\u548c\u5404\u8230\u6307\u6325\u5b98\u53d1\u51faAL.CW. 8284\/31\u53f7\u7535\uff0c\u4e3a\u51cf\u85aa\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u8fa9\u62a4\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u8be5\u4fe1\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5373\u4f7f\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u6536\u4ef6\u4eba\u624b\u4e2d\u30029\u670811\u65e5\uff0c\u53c2\u4e0e\u70ae\u672f\u5de1\u822a\u7684\u5404\u8230\u5148\u540e\u9a76\u5165\u56e0\u5f17\u6208\u767b\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u4ece\u62a5\u7eb8\u4e0a\u5f97\u77e5\u4e86\u524a\u51cf\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8be6\u60c5\u2014\u2014\u5728\u6c34\u5175\u4eec\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u5e45\u5ea6\u60ca\u4eba\u7684\u51cf\u85aa\u3001\u6d77\u519b\u90e8\u7684\u80cc\u4fe1\u5f03\u4e49\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fd8\u611f\u5230\u5728\u6beb\u65e0\u9632\u5907\u7684\u72b6\u51b5\u4e0b\u88ab\u4eba\u6253\u4e86\u9ed1\u67aa\uff1a\u6d77\u519b\u90e8\u60f3\u628a\u6211\u4eec\u5f53\u50bb\u5b50\u800d\u5417\uff1f\u800c\u6700\u540e\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u672c\u6765\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u7684\u3002\u66f4\u4f7f\u5f97\u519b\u5b98\u4eec\u96be\u582a\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u6bd4\u6c34\u5175\u4eec\u66f4\u65e9\u77e5\u9053\u51cf\u85aa\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8be6\u60c5\u2014\u20149\u670812\u65e5\u4e0b\u5348\uff0c\u6c64\u59c6\u91d1\u68ee\u5c11\u5c06\u624d\u6536\u5230\u8be6\u8ff0\u51cf\u85aa\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u6d77\u519b\u90e82339\/31\u53f7\u8230\u961f\u4ee4\uff0c9\u670813\u65e5\u970d\u5947\u6d77\u519b\u4e0a\u5c06\u7684\u65d7\u8230\u201c\u7eb3\u5c14\u900a\u201d\u53f7\u6218\u5217\u8230\u624d\u62b5\u8fbe\u56e0\u5f17\u6208\u767b\uff0c\u800c\u968f\u8230\u7684\u4e24\u4efd\u91cd\u8981\u6587\u4ef6\u2014\u2014AM 1738\u53f7\u4ee4\u548cAL.CW. 8284\/31\u53f7\u7535\u8fd9\u624d\u62b5\u8fbe\u56e0\u5f17\u6208\u767b\u3002\u5f539\u670814\u65e5\u4e0a\u534810\u70b9\u5c11\u5c06\u4e0b\u4ee4\u5404\u8230\u8230\u957f\u5411\u8239\u5458\u4eec\u89e3\u91caAL.CW. 8284\/31\u53f7\u7535\u5185\u5bb9\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u60ca\u8bb6\u5730\u53d1\u73b0\u5168\u90e812\u8258\u8230\u53ea\u4e2d\u7adf\u7136\u53ea\u67095\u8258\u6536\u5230\u4e86\u8be5\u7535\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u610f\u5916\u7684\u5ef6\u8bef\u4e0d\u4f46\u6ca1\u6709\u83b7\u5f97\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u6c34\u5175\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u6ede\u540e\u66f4\u52a0\u5267\u4e86\u6c34\u5175\u4eec\u7684\u4e0d\u6ee1\u60c5\u7eea\u3002<\/p>\n

9\u670811\u65e5\uff5e14\u65e5\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u7a7a\u6c14\u7d27\u5f20\uff0c\u505c\u6cca\u5728\u56e0\u5f17\u6208\u767b\u7684\u5404\u8230\u4f9d\u7136\u7167\u5e38\u6279\u51c6\u6c34\u5175\u4e0a\u5cb8\u3002\u8fd9\u81ea\u7136\u7ed9\u4e86\u6c34\u5175\u4eec\u4e32\u8054\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u3002\u867d\u7136\u4e00\u4e9b\u548c\u6c34\u5175\u4eec\u5173\u7cfb\u826f\u597d\u7684\u4e0b\u7ea7\u519b\u5b98\u4eec\u53d1\u51fa\u4e86\u8b66\u544a\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u5de1\u903b\u961f\u51b2\u6563\u4e86\u82e5\u5e72\u96c6\u4f1a\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u5404\u8230\u4f11\u5047\u6c34\u5175\u5728\u8fd4\u8230\u65f6\u7684\u79cd\u79cd\u8ff9\u8c61\u8868\u660e\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u60c5\u7eea\u5e76\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u9ad8\u7ea7\u519b\u5b98\u4eec\u4ecd\u7136\u4e0d\u4ee5\u4e3a\u7136\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f88\u5feb\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u6709\u591a\u4e48\u4e25\u91cd\u3002<\/p>\n

14\u65e5\uff5e15\u65e5\u591c\u95f4\uff0c\u201c\u80e1\u5fb7\u201d\u53f7\u7684\u8239\u5458\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\u79d8\u5bc6\u4e32\u8054\uff0c\u76f8\u7ea6\u65e9\u996d\u540e\u4e0d\u518d\u6267\u884c\u4efb\u4f55\u547d\u4ee4\u5f00\u59cb\u7f62\u5de5\uff0c\u963b\u6b62\u8d77\u951a\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8feb\u4f7f\u5f53\u65e5\u7684\u5c04\u51fb\u8bad\u7ec3\u4e2d\u6b62\uff08\u6309\uff1a\u5f53\u65e5\u6309\u8ba1\u5212\u201c\u53cd\u51fb\u201d\u53f7\u3001\u201c\u82f1\u52c7\u201d\u53f7\u3001\u201c\u7eb3\u5c14\u900a\u201d\u53f7\u3001\u201c\u80e1\u5fb7\u201d\u53f7\u548c\u201c\u7f57\u5fb7\u5c3c\u201d\u53f7\u5c06\u4f9d\u6b21\u51fa\u6d77\u8fdb\u884c\u8bad\u7ec3\uff09\u3002\u5728\u201c\u80e1\u5fb7\u201d\u53f7\u4e0a\uff0c\u8d77\u4e8b\u7684\u6c34\u5175\u4eec\u5c01\u9501\u4e86\u901a\u5f80\u9505\u7089\u8231\u7684\u8fc7\u9053\uff0c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86\u969c\u788d\uff0c\u5173\u95ed\u4e86\u5404\u81ea\u8d1f\u8d23\u7684\u673a\u68b0\uff0c\u653e\u4e0b\u624b\u4e2d\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u805a\u96c6\u5728\u524d\u7532\u677f\u4e0a\u3002\u5f53\u519b\u5b98\u4eec\u8981\u6c42\u6c34\u5175\u4eec\u7ee7\u7eed\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u65f6\u4ed6\u4eec\u906d\u5230\u4e86\u793c\u8c8c\u4f46\u575a\u51b3\u7684\u62d2\u7edd\u30028\u65f630\u5206\uff0c\u201c\u80e1\u5fb7\u201d\u53f7\u4e0a\u4ec5\u670930%\u7684\u6c34\u5175\u6309\u7167\u65e5\u7a0b\u8868\u8fdb\u884c\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u800c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5219\u906d\u5230\u4e86\u5de6\u8fd1\u201c\u7f57\u5fb7\u5c3c\u201d\u53f7\u6c34\u624b\u4eec\u7684\u5632\u7b11\u30029\u65f6\uff0c\u6c64\u59c6\u91d1\u68ee\u5c11\u5c06\u88ab\u8feb\u53d6\u6d88\u539f\u5b9a\u8bad\u7ec3\u8ba1\u5212\u5e76\u5411\u6d77\u519b\u90e8\u62a5\u544a\u3002<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

\u25b2\u56e0\u5f17\u6208\u767b\u5175\u53d8\u4e2d\u805a\u96c6\u5728\u201c\u80e1\u5fb7\u201d\u53f7\u524d\u7532\u677f\u7684\u6c34\u5175\uff0c\u63a8\u6d4b\u6444\u4e8e1931\u5e749\u670816\u65e5\u3002<\/p>\n

16\u65e5\u4e0b\u5348\uff0c\u6d77\u519b\u90e8\u7684\u8001\u7237\u4eec\u7ec8\u4e8e\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4e25\u91cd\u6027\uff0c\u4e8e15\u65f610\u5206\u4e0b\u4ee4\u5404\u8230\u8fd4\u56de\u6bcd\u6e2f\uff0c\u8c03\u67e5\u6267\u884c\u65b0\u85aa\u9977\u6807\u51c6\u540e\u6c34\u5175\u4eec\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u56f0\u5883\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u547d\u4ee4\u4f7f\u5f97\u8239\u5458\u4eec\u9677\u5165\u4e86\u4e24\u96be\uff1a\u4ed6\u4eec\u65e2\u5bb3\u6015\u6d77\u519b\u90e8\u6253\u7b97\u5206\u800c\u6cbb\u4e4b\u79cb\u540e\u7b97\u8d26\u2014\u2014\u6d77\u519b\u90e8\u7684\u6253\u7b97\u5012\u4e5f\u7684\u786e\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u53c8\u5bb3\u6015\u4e0d\u6267\u884c\u8fd9\u4e00\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u4e27\u5931\u9053\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u3002\u800c\u5728\u201c\u80e1\u5fb7\u201d\u53f7\u4e0a\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u8230\u957f\u6731\u5229\u5b89\u00b7\u5e15\u7279\u68ee\u4e0a\u6821\uff08Julian F.C. Patterson\uff09\u5728\u5411\u6c34\u624b\u4eec\u8bb2\u8bdd\u65f6\u53c8\u65e0\u610f\u63d0\u5230\u201c\uff08\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6d77\u519b\u90e8\u8fc4\u4eca\u4e3a\u6b62\u4fdd\u6301\u514b\u5236\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\uff09\u6d77\u519b\u9646\u6218\u961f\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u767b\u8230\u201d\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u53c8\u88ab\u6c34\u624b\u4eec\u89e3\u8bfb\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u5a01\u80c1\u3002\u6743\u8861\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u6c34\u624b\u4eec\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u8868\u793a\u201c\u5982\u679c\u5176\u4ed6\u8230\u53ea\u56de\u6bcd\u6e2f\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u8d70\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u7559\u4e0b\u3002\u8bf7\u95ee\u957f\u5b98\u4eec\u80fd\u544a\u77e5\u6211\u4eec\u5176\u4ed6\u8230\u53ea\u7684\u52a8\u5411\u5417\uff1f\u201d\u5bf9\u6b64\u201c\u80e1\u5fb7\u201d\u53f7\u7684\u6267\u884c\u519b\u5b98\u4e5f\u53ea\u80fd\u82e6\u7b11\u7740\u8868\u793a\u201c\u8bf4\u5b9e\u5728\u7684\u6211\u4e5f\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u6211\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u5c31\u7b2c\u4e00\u65f6\u95f4\u901a\u77e5\u4f60\u4eec\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

17\u65f6\uff0c\u201c\u80e1\u5fb7\u201d\u53f7\u7684\u9505\u7089\u5f00\u59cb\u751f\u706b\uff0c\u4f46\u540c\u65f6\u805a\u96c6\u5728\u524d\u7532\u677f\u7684\u6c34\u5175\u4eec\u4ecd\u8868\u793a\u9664\u975e\u52a8\u7528\u6b66\u529b\u5426\u5219\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u613f\u79bb\u5f00\u300220\u65f6\u524d\u540e\uff0c\u201c\u80e1\u5fb7\u201d\u53f7\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u8231\u5df2\u7ecf\u505a\u597d\u822a\u884c\u51c6\u5907\uff0c\u8230\u957f\u4e0b\u51b3\u5fc3\u5728\u5fc5\u8981\u65f6\u76f4\u63a5\u780d\u65ad\u951a\u94fe\u8d77\u822a\u3002\u5e78\u8fd0\u7684\u662f\u5f53\u6d77\u519b\u90e8\u4e0b\u4ee4\u5404\u8230\u81ea\u884c\u51fa\u53d1\u800c\u4e0d\u518d\u575a\u6301\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5\u4e2d\u961f\u5f62\u5f0f\u7f16\u961f\u51fa\u53d1\u540e\uff0c\u6c34\u5175\u4eec\u7ec8\u4e8e\u540c\u610f\u51fa\u822a\u3002\u5f53\u591c11\u65f630\u5206\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u8230\u53ea\u79bb\u5f00\u56e0\u5f17\u6208\u767b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6c34\u5175\u4eec\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u91c7\u53d6\u66b4\u529b\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u5175\u53d8\u66f4\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u4e00\u573a\u7f62\u5de5\u3002<\/p>\n

4.\u62a5\u590d<\/strong><\/p>\n

19\u65e5\u66686\u65f630\u5206\uff0c\u201c\u80e1\u5fb7\u201d\u53f7\u62b5\u8fbe\u6734\u8328\u8305\u65af\u6e2f\uff0c\u6c34\u5175\u4eec\u83b7\u5f97\u5047\u671f\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u5cb8\u4e0a\u505c\u7559\u81f321\u65e5\u665a\u95f4\u300221\u65e5\u653f\u5e9c\u5ba3\u5e03\u5c06\u51cf\u85aa\u5e45\u5ea6\u4e0b\u8c03\u81f3\u4e0d\u8d85\u8fc710%\uff0c10\u67081\u65e5\u6d77\u519b\u90e8\u6b63\u5f0f\u4e0b\u4ee4\u65b0\u7684\u85aa\u9977\u65b9\u6848\u4e3a\u57281919\u5e74\u85aa\u9977\u65b9\u6848\u4e0a\u6574\u4f53\u4e0b\u8c0311%\u3002\u4f46\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u82f1\u9551\u518d\u6b21\u7f16\u5236\uff0c\u800c\u82f1\u56fd\u4e5f\u88ab\u8feb\u653e\u5f03\u4e86\u91d1\u672c\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5c31\u6d77\u519b\u90e8\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u8001\u7237\u4eec\u4f3c\u4e4e\u66f4\u5728\u4e4e\u6d17\u767d\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u8d77\u56e0\u6f20\u4e0d\u5173\u5fc3\u3002\u81ea\u59cb\u81f3\u7ec8\uff0c\u6d77\u519b\u90e8\u4e00\u76f4\u6ca1\u6709\u5bf9\u5175\u53d8\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u8fdb\u884c\u6b63\u5f0f\u8c03\u67e5\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6740\u8d77\u727a\u7272\u54c1\u65f6\u5374\u6beb\u4e0d\u624b\u8f6f\u300210\u67086\u65e5\uff0c\u539f\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u8230\u961f\u6307\u6325\u5b98\u970d\u5947\u6d77\u519b\u4e0a\u5c06\u88ab\u6d77\u519b\u90e8\u89e3\u804c\uff0c\u7ee7\u4efb\u8005\u662f\u6df1\u5f97\u519b\u5fc3\u540c\u65f6\u53c8\u662f\u82f1\u738b\u4e54\u6cbb\u4e94\u4e16\u5bc6\u53cb\u7684\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u51ef\u5229\u4e0a\u5c06\uff08John Kelly\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u804c\u52a1\u66f4\u66ff\u7acb\u5373\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u4e00\u573a\u5927\u6e05\u6d17\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u7b2c\u4e00\u6d77\u52a1\u5927\u81e3\u5965\u65af\u4e01\u00b7\u5f20\u4f2f\u4f26\uff08Austen Chamberlain\uff09\u66fe\u5411\u56fd\u4f1a\u4fdd\u8bc1\u8fdb\u884c\u7279\u8d66\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5f5310\u6708\u521d\u201c\u80e1\u5fb7\u201d\u53f7\u79bb\u5f00\u6734\u8328\u8305\u65af\u65f6\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u8230\u961f\u4e2d\u5171\u6709120\u4eba\u88ab\u9694\u79bb\u7981\u95ed\uff0810\u4eba\u6765\u81ea\u201c\u80e1\u5fb7\u201d\u53f7\uff09\u3002\u622a\u81f310\u670827\u65e5\uff0c\u8fd9120\u4eba\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u88ab\u6d77\u519b\u5f00\u9664\u3002\u5728\u968f\u540e\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u6708\u4e2d\uff0c\u53e6\u6709\u7ea6280\u4eba\u88ab\u5f00\u9664\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u51e0\u4e2a\u6708\u540e\uff0c\u5f53\u4e8b\u519b\u5b98\u4e5f\u4eba\u5fc3\u60f6\u60f6\u62c5\u5fc3\u81ea\u5df1\u4f1a\u6210\u4e3a\u6d77\u519b\u90e8\u7684\u727a\u7272\u54c1\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u5fc3\u8131\u7f6a\u7684\u6d77\u519b\u90e8\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u8fd9\u8fd8\u4e0d\u8db3\u591f\u5145\u5f53\u6d17\u5237\u81ea\u5df1\uff1a\u6700\u597d\u7684\u66ff\u7f6a\u7f8a\u5f53\u7136\u662f\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u6307\u6325\u5b98\u6c64\u59c6\u91d1\u68ee\u5c11\u5c06\uff0c\u800c\u5c11\u5c06\u540c\u60c5\u6c34\u5175\u4eec\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u81ea\u7136\u4e5f\u65e0\u6cd5\u83b7\u5f97\u6d77\u519b\u90e8\u8001\u7237\u4eec\u7684\u8d4f\u8bc6\u30021932\u5e74\u5c11\u5c06\u5e26\u9886\u201c\u80e1\u5fb7\u201d\u53f7\u3001\u201c\u53cd\u51fb\u201d\u53f7\u53ca3\u8258\u5de1\u6d0b\u8230\u8fdb\u884c\u6625\u5b63\u52a0\u52d2\u6bd4\u5de1\u822a\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u6d77\u519b\u90e8\u6253\u4e86\u9ed1\u67aa\uff1a1932\u5e742\u67082\u65e5\u53d1\u51fa\u4e24\u4efd\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u664b\u5347\u4ed6\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5c06\u540c\u65f6\u5c06\u5176\u6218\u5de1\u4e2d\u961f\u6307\u6325\u5b98\u4efb\u671f\u7f29\u77ed8\u4e2a\u6708\uff08\u6b63\u5e38\u4efb\u671f\u7ea624\u4e2a\u6708\uff09\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u5bf9\u5176\u5728\u56e0\u5f17\u6208\u767b\u5175\u53d8\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8fdb\u884c\u8c34\u8d23\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u5904\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u6d77\u519b\u90e8\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u6700\u803b\u8fb1\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6c64\u59c6\u91d1\u68ee\u6781\u529b\u53cd\u6297\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u663e\u7136\u65e0\u529b\u56de\u5929\u30021932\u5e748\u670815\u65e5\uff0c\u6c64\u59c6\u91d1\u68ee\u548c\u540c\u6837\u5bf9\u5175\u53d8\u6301\u540c\u60c5\u6001\u5ea6\u7684\u8230\u957f\u5e15\u7279\u68ee\u4e0a\u6821\u88ab\u4e00\u540c\u89e3\u804c\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u4e00\u63d0\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6c64\u59c6\u91d1\u68ee\u672c\u4eba\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5175\u53d8\u6301\u540c\u60c5\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u51b7\u6de1\u800c\u4e25\u5389\u7684\u4f5c\u98ce\u663e\u7136\u6ca1\u6709\u53d7\u5230\u201c\u80e1\u5fb7\u201d\u53f7\u5b98\u5175\u7684\u559c\u7231\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u79cd\u4f5c\u98ce\u6bcb\u5b81\u8bf4\u5bf9\u58eb\u6c14\u662f\u6709\u5bb3\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

1931\u5e7410\u6708\uff0c\u6d77\u519b\u90e8\u5728\u4e0b\u8fbe\u7ed9\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u8230\u961f\u7684\u5e03\u544a\u4e2d\u50b2\u6162\u5730\u5ba3\u5e03\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u6d77\u519b\u90e8\u5df2\u7ecf\u5168\u76d8\u8003\u8651\u4e86\u5173\u4e8e9\u670815\uff5e16\u65e5\u671f\u95f4\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u56e0\u5f17\u6208\u767b\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u4e3b\u529b\u8230\u4e4b\u4e0a\u7684\u4e25\u91cd\u6297\u547d\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u62a5\u544a\u3002\u9274\u4e8e\u7279\u6b8a\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u6d77\u519b\u90e8\u5df2\u7ecf\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u7eaa\u5f8b\u5904\u7f5a\uff0c\u4f46\u6b64\u79cd\u6297\u547d\u884c\u4e3a\u4ecd\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e0d\u53ef\u63a5\u53d7\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6d77\u519b\u90e8\u6ee1\u610f\u5730\u770b\u5230\u503c\u6b64\u5173\u952e\u65f6\u523b\uff0c\u6d77\u519b\u5176\u4ed6\u6210\u5458\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e86\u6d77\u519b\u5149\u8363\u4f20\u7edf\u3002\u6d77\u519b\u90e8\u5e0c\u671b\u6240\u6709\u5b98\u5175\u8c28\u8bb0\uff0c\u6b64\u6b21\u8230\u961f\u4e00\u5c0f\u64ae\u6210\u5458\u7684\u8fdd\u547d\u884c\u4e3a\u5df2\u4e25\u91cd\u635f\u4f24\u4e86\u6d77\u519b\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6d77\u519b\u90e8\u76f8\u4fe1\u6240\u6709\u5b98\u5175\u5c06\u7aed\u5c3d\u5168\u529b\u91cd\u5efa\u7687\u5bb6\u6d77\u519b\u957f\u4e45\u4ee5\u6765\u5728\u4e16\u4eba\u9762\u524d\u6240\u4fdd\u6301\u7684\u5149\u8363\u5f62\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n

\u2014\u2014\u4ec0\u4e48\u624d\u662f\u6d77\u519b\u90e8\u7684\u8001\u7237\u4eec\u6240\u5173\u5fc3\u7684\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u975e\u5e38\u660e\u663e\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

5.\u4f59\u6ce2<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u56e0\u5f17\u6208\u767b\u5175\u53d8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7687\u5bb6\u6d77\u519b\u65e0\u7591\u662f\u75db\u82e6\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u6b63\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u75db\u82e6\uff0c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e86\u7687\u5bb6\u6d77\u519b\u7684\u8f6c\u578b\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e3b\u8981\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8f6c\u578b\u5728\u201c\u80e1\u5fb7\u201d\u53f7\u4e0a\u7684\u4f53\u73b0\u4e5f\u662f\u8fc5\u901f\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

1931\u5e749\u670817\u65e5\u6668\uff0c\u8fd8\u5728\u8fd4\u822a\u9014\u4e2d\uff0c\u201c\u80e1\u5fb7\u201d\u4e0a\u7684\u5df2\u5a5a\u6c34\u5175\u4eec\u4fbf\u8868\u793a\u575a\u51b3\u53cd\u5bf9\u7531\u90a3\u4e9b\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6210\u5bb6\u7684\u5206\u90e8\u519b\u5b98\u4eec\u6765\u8c03\u67e5\u51cf\u85aa\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e00\u8d2f\u6df1\u5f97\u519b\u5fc3\u7684\u6267\u884c\u519b\u5b98\u9ea6\u5361\u4f26\u4e2d\u6821\u51b3\u5b9a\u4eb2\u81ea\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e8b\u4ef6\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u4e00\u524d\u6240\u672a\u6709\u7684\u4e3e\u52a8\u65e0\u610f\u4e2d\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u65b0\u65f6\u4ee3\u6d77\u519b\u5b98\u5175\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u6ee5\u89de\u3002<\/p>\n

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