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\uff08\u732a\u8eab\u4e0a\u6587\u5b57\uff1a\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u5f00\u652f\uff09\u201c\u5636\u3001\u5636\u2026\u2026\u522b\u62c5\u5fc3\uff0c\u5200\u5c31\u662f\u4e2a\u6446\u8bbe\u3002\u201d\uff08Illustration \u00a9\ufe0f Brett Noel \/ North Star National\uff09<\/p>\n

\u5728\u5b66\u672f\u754c\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u5728\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u516b\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u4ee5\u524d\uff0c\u4e3b\u5bfc\u5b66\u672f\u8d44\u6e90\u5206\u914d\u7684\u9ec4\u91d1\u51c6\u5219\u662f\u540c\u884c\u8bc4\u8bae\u3002\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u5bf9\u5927\u5b66\u57fa\u7840\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u8d44\u52a9\u4e3b\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u56fd\u5bb6\u79d1\u5b66\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\uff08NSF\uff09\u548c\u56fd\u7acb\u536b\u751f\u7814\u7a76\u9662\uff08NIH\uff09\u4e24\u5927\u673a\u6784\u6765\u5b9e\u65bd\uff0c\u4e8c\u8005\u901a\u5e38\u8d44\u52a9\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\u4e3a\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u4e2a\u522b\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u53ca\u5176\u56e2\u961f\uff0c\u7531\u4e1a\u754c\u540c\u884c\u57fa\u4e8e\u7533\u8bf7\u4eba\u80fd\u529b\u4e0e\u4e1a\u7ee9\u8fdb\u884c\u9074\u9009\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ade\u4e89\u6027\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5b58\u5728\u719f\u4eba\u5173\u7cfb\u4ee5\u53ca\u8d62\u8005\u901a\u5403\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\u4e5f\u9887\u53d7\u8d28\u7591\uff0c\u4f46\u603b\u4f53\u4e0a\u4e3a\u4e3b\u6d41\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u6240\u8ba4\u53ef\uff0c\u7cbe\u82f1\u5927\u5b66\u5bf9\u6b64\u5c24\u4e3a\u63a8\u5d07\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u516b\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u540e\uff0c\u51fa\u4e8e\u5404\u79cd\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u7531\u56fd\u4f1a\u5ba1\u8bae\u5e76\u4ee5\u4e13\u9879\u62e8\u6b3e\u540d\u4e49\u5c06\u8d44\u6e90\u5206\u6d3e\u7ed9\u7279\u5b9a\u673a\u6784\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5f00\u59cb\u6e10\u6210\u60ef\u4f8b\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6709\u8fdd\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u540c\u884c\u8bc4\u8bae\u51c6\u5219\u7684\u65b0\u751f\u86cb\u7cd5\u5206\u914d\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u4e0e\u653f\u754c\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u8bf8\u591a\u4e89\u8bae\u3002\u5f17\u5409\u5c3c\u4e9a\u5927\u5b66\u516c\u5171\u653f\u7b56\u5b66\u8005\u8428\u7ef4\u5947\uff08James D. Savage\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e5d\u4e5d\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u300a\u7f8e\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u8d44\u52a9\uff1a\u56fd\u4f1a\u3001\u5927\u5b66\u4e0e\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u7684\u732a\u8089\u6876\u653f\u6cbb\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\uff0c\u4fbf\u5bf9\u8be5\u4e89\u8bae\u4e2d\u5404\u65b9\u535a\u5f08\u8fc7\u7a0b\u505a\u4e86\u751f\u52a8\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e0e\u5206\u6790\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u8428\u7ef4\u5947\uff08James D. Savage\uff0c\u6765\u6e90\uff1avirginia.edu\uff09<\/p>\n

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\u300a\u7f8e\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u8d44\u52a9\uff1a\u56fd\u4f1a\u3001\u5927\u5b66\u4e0e\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u7684\u732a\u8089\u6876\u653f\u6cbb\u300b\uff08Cambridge University Press, 1999\uff09<\/p>\n

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AAU\u5b98\u65b9\u7f51\u7ad9\u9996\u9875<\/p>\n

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1983\u5e74\u7684\u65af\u514b\u65af\u4f2f\u683c\uff08\u5750\u8005\uff09\u548c\u5361\u897f\u8fea \uff08Colin Norman, Science\uff0c\u6765\u6e90\uff1awashingtonpost.com\uff09<\/p>\n

\u4e0d\u60dc\u5c48\u5c0a\u751a\u81f3\u80cc\u8d1f\u540c\u884c\u9a82\u540d\u6c42\u52a9\u4e8e\u6e38\u8bf4\u8005\u53ca\u5546\u4e1a\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u5927\u5b66\u5728\u5e94\u5bf9\u653f\u6cbb\u65f6\u7684\u65e0\u80fd\u4e0e\u65e0\u5948\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u91cc\u6839\u3001\u5e03\u4ec0\u548c\u514b\u6797\u987f\u4efb\u671f\u5185\uff0c\u8054\u90a6\u8d22\u653f\u5f00\u59cb\u6536\u7d27\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u3002\u4e13\u9879\u62e8\u6b3e\u867d\u7136\u5fae\u8584\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u6709\u4e9b\u673a\u6784\u5374\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u767e\u7075\u4e39\u751a\u81f3\u6551\u547d\u7a3b\u8349\u3002\u4e0d\u6b62\u4e8e\u6b64\uff0c\u5982\u8428\u7ef4\u5947\u6240\u8a00\uff0c\u5927\u5b66\u8fd9\u79cd\u673a\u6784\u662f\u4e2a\u65e0\u5e95\u6d1e\uff0c\u5b83\u4ece\u6ca1\u6709\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u4f01\u4e1a\u6240\u5177\u6709\u7684\u660e\u786e\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u5927\u5b66\u6821\u957f\u7684\u8bc4\u4ef7\u5c31\u662f\u4ed6\u7ed9\u5927\u5b66\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002\u5982\u83b7\u5f97\u591a\u5c11\u6350\u8d60\uff0c\u5efa\u8bbe\u4e86\u591a\u5c11\u8bbe\u65bd\uff0c\u5404\u79cd\u6392\u540d\u7b49\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u8d77\u8272\uff0c\u91ce\u5fc3\u52c3\u52c3\u7684\u6559\u6388\u4f1a\u62b1\u6028\uff0c\u5201\u94bb\u82db\u523b\u7684\u6821\u53cb\u4eec\u4f1a\u4e0d\u6ee1\u3002\u7528\u5723\u6bcd\u5927\u5b66\u524d\u6821\u957f\u8d6b\u65af\u4f2f\u683c\uff08Theodore M. Hesburgh\uff09\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff1a\u201c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6700\u5b8f\u8fdc\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u773c\u5149\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u94b1\u4f60\u4ec0\u4e48\u90fd\u4e0d\u662f\u3002\u201d\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u80fd\u5426\u62ff\u5230\u94b1\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u6821\u957f\u6700\u5927\u7684\u538b\u529b\u6765\u6e90\uff0c\u4ee4\u5176\u5982\u5750\u9488\u6be1\u3002\u5728\u4e5d\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u516c\u79c1\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u6821\u957f\u56e0\u9876\u4e0d\u4f4f\u7b79\u6b3e\u538b\u529b\u800c\u63d0\u524d\u79bb\u804c\uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u4efb\u671f\u7531\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u4e03\u516b\u5e74\u7f29\u77ed\u4e3a\u4e09\u56db\u5e74\u3002\u5c31\u662f\u4eba\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5bcc\u53ef\u654c\u56fd\u7684\u54c8\u4f5b\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u6821\u957f\u9646\u767b\u5ead\u4e5f\u4e3a\u7b79\u8d44\u800c\u7cbe\u75b2\u529b\u5c3d\uff0c\u4ec5\u4e0a\u4efb\u56db\u5e74\u5c31\u8981\u6c42\u4f11\u5047\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u9646\u767b\u5ead\uff08Neil L. Rudenstine\uff09\uff08\u6765\u6e90\uff1aJIM HARRISON \/ harvardmagazine.com\uff09<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

\u540c\u884c\u8bc4\u8bae\uff08Peer Review\uff09<\/p>\n

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\uff08James D. Savage: Funding Science in America: Congress, Universities, and the Politics of the Academic Pork Barrel. Cambridge University Press, New York, 1999\uff09<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u7f16\u8005\u6309 \u201c\u732a\u8089\u6876\u201d\uff08pork barrel\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f8e\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u8f83\u4e3a\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u4fda\u8bed\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5632\u5f04\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u5236\u4e0e\u4e24\u515a\u653f […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[8448,17935,18537],"views":107,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/41351"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=41351"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/41351\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":62194,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/41351\/revisions\/62194"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=41351"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=41351"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=41351"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}