{"id":41363,"date":"2024-09-19T06:46:17","date_gmt":"2024-09-18T22:46:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/?p=41363"},"modified":"2024-09-19T06:46:17","modified_gmt":"2024-09-18T22:46:17","slug":"%e7%be%8e%e5%9b%bd%e5%86%9b%e6%94%bf%e5%85%b3%e7%b3%bb%e7%9a%84%e5%8f%98%e4%b8%8e%e4%b8%8d%e5%8f%98","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/?p=41363","title":{"rendered":"\u7f8e\u56fd\u519b\u653f\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u53d8\u4e0e\u4e0d\u53d8"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u4f5c\u8005:\u6b27\u6811\u519b<\/p>\n<p>\u7f16\u8005\u6309\uff1a\u7279\u6717\u666e\u5f53\u9009\u603b\u7edf\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u4fdd\u5b88\u4e3b\u4e49\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u624d\u8fdb\u5165\u516c\u4f17\u7684\u89c6\u91ce\u3002\u4f46\u5176\u5b9e\u4ece\u519b\u653f\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\uff0c\u8f6c\u5411\u4fdd\u5b88\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u65e9\u5728\u201c\u4e8c\u6218\u201d\u540e\u5341\u5e74\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\u3002\u4ea8\u5ef7\u987f\u4e8e1957\u5e74\u6240\u8457\u300a\u519b\u4eba\u4e0e\u56fd\u5bb6\u300b\uff0c\u5904\u7406\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u7531\u4e0e\u4fdd\u5b88\u7684\u7d27\u5f20\u5173\u7cfb\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u672c\u6587\u65e2\u4ee5\u5386\u53f2\u5316\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u68b3\u7406\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u519b\u653f\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e5f\u5bf9\u4ea8\u5ef7\u987f\u7684\u5b66\u8bf4\u4e0e\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u505a\u4e86\u5f52\u7eb3\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u4ece\u4e2d\u53ef\u89c1\u6218\u540e\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u65b0\u7684\u7ef4\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u56fd\u867d\u5927\uff0c\u597d\u6218\u5fc5\u4ea1;\u5929\u4e0b\u867d\u5b89\uff0c\u5fd8\u6218\u5fc5\u5371\u3002\u2014\u2014\u300a\u53f8\u9a6c\u6cd5 \u00b7\u4ec1\u672c\u300b<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\u4ea8\u5ef7\u987f\u7684\u300a\u519b\u4eba\u4e0e\u56fd\u5bb6\u300b\u95ee\u4e16\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e94\u4e03\u5e74\u3002\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u9488\u5bf9 \u201c\u4e8c\u6218 \u201d\u524d\u540e\u7f8e\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u5bf9\u5f3a\u5927\u519b\u4e8b\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u6050\u60e7\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u6b27\u6d32\u519b\u653f\u5173\u7cfb\u4ece\u8d35\u65cf\u5236\u5230\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u7684\u5927\u53d8\u9769\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u519b\u4e8b\u5efa\u5236\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u3001\u89d2\u8272\u3001\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u548c\u4f26\u7406\u5728\u6b64\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6240\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u7684\u519b\u653f\u5173\u7cfb\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u6b27\u6d32\u519b\u653f\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e5f\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u56fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u3001\u6b63\u5728\u6216\u9700\u8981\u7ecf\u5386\u7684\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u4ea8\u5ef7\u987f\u5904\u7406\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5386\u4e45\u5f25\u65b0\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5373\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u519b\u653f\u5173\u7cfb\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u7ef4\u62a4\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"f_center\"><img src=\"https:\/\/nimg.ws.126.net\/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fdingyue.ws.126.net%2FPx6GJzv%3D7wyapr645h4b62JEHLlOSUaFTpOv1LUZMyeaq1535206461211.jpeg&amp;thumbnail=660x2147483647&amp;quality=80&amp;type=jpg\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u4ea8\u5ef7\u987f\uff1a\u300a\u519b\u4eba\u4e0e\u56fd\u5bb6\u300b(Belknap Press\uff0c1981)<\/p>\n<p>\u519b\u653f\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5373\u519b\u961f\u4e0e\u653f\u5e9c\u4e4b\u95f4\u6216\u8005\u519b\u4e8b\u6743\u529b\u4e0e\u884c\u653f\u3001\u7acb\u6cd5\u3001\u53f8\u6cd5\u4e09\u79cd\u6743\u529b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u662f\u6307\u519b\u5b98\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e0e\u6587\u5b98\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u4ea8\u5ef7\u987f\u4ee5\u9a6c\u514b\u65af \u00b7\u97e6\u4f2f\u5f0f\u7684\u53e3\u543b\u65ad\u8a00\uff0c\u519b\u961f\u662f\u79d1\u5c42\u5236\u7684\u804c\u4e1a\u548c\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u519b\u4eba \u201c\u7ba1\u7406\u66b4\u529b \u201d\uff0c\u8868\u8fbe\u56fd\u5bb6\u5bf9\u519b\u4e8b\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u8fd0\u7528\u519b\u4e8b\u89c6\u89d2\u8bc4\u5224\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5e76\u5b9e\u65bd\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u519b\u4e8b\u5b89\u5168\u51b3\u7b56\u3002\u7b80\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u519b\u4eba\u76f4\u63a5\u4ee3\u8868\u56fd\u5bb6\u5784\u65ad\u5408\u6cd5\u66b4\u529b\u7684\u884c\u4f7f\u6743\uff0c\u7ef4\u62a4\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u519b\u4e8b\u5b89\u5168\u3002\u4ea8\u5ef7\u987f\u4e3b\u5f20\uff0c\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\uff0c\u4ee5\u519b\u5b98\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u804c\u4e1a\u5316\u4e3a\u9996\u8981\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u519b\u4e8b\u4e13\u4e1a\u5316\uff0c\u662f\u5176\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u519b\u4e8b\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5e38\u5907\u519b\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\uff0c\u5d1b\u8d77\u7684\u6b27\u6d32\u6c11\u65cf\u56fd\u5bb6\u9700\u8981\u7531\u804c\u4e1a\u5316\u519b\u961f\u6784\u6210\u7684\u5e38\u5907\u519b\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3a\u4e4b\u63d0\u4f9b\u5145\u8db3\u7684\u8d22\u653f\u548c\u4eba\u4e8b\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u804c\u4e1a\u5316\u7684\u519b\u5b98\u7fa4\u4f53\u6210\u4e3a\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b98\u50da\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u519b\u4e8b\u5236\u5ea6\u6210\u4e3a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5236\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e00<\/p>\n<p>\u6b27\u6d32\u519b\u4e8b\u4e13\u4e1a\u5316\u5174\u8d77\u4e8e\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u666e\u9c81\u58eb\u3001\u6cd5\u5170\u897f\u548c\u82f1\u683c\u5170\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5148\u884c\u8005\u5728\u51c6\u5165\u3001\u664b\u5347\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u80fd\u529b\u3001\u7cbe\u795e\u548c\u53c2\u8c0b\u4f53\u7cfb\u516d\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u4ece\u8d35\u65cf\u5236\u8f6c\u5411\u4e13\u4e1a\u5316\uff0c\u50ac\u751f\u4e86\u519b\u653f\u5173\u7cfb\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u666e\u9c81\u58eb\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\u9996\u521b\u4e86\u804c\u4e1a\u5316\u7684\u519b\u5b98\u7fa4\u4f53\u3001\u804c\u4e1a\u5316\u7684\u603b\u53c2\u8c0b\u90e8\u3001\u4e49\u52a1\u5175\u5f79\u5236\uff0c\u5e76\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u514b\u52b3\u585e\u7ef4\u8328\u7684\u6587\u5b98\u63a7\u5236\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u628a\u4fdd\u5b88\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e3b\u4e49\u4f5c\u4e3a\u519b\u4e8b\u4f26\u7406\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u519b\u4eba\u5fc5\u987b\u5047\u5b9a \u201c\u653f\u7b56\u662f\u5168\u793e\u4f1a\u6574\u4f53\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u4ee3\u8868 \u201d\u5e76\u575a\u51b3\u670d\u4ece\uff0c\u628a\u670d\u4ece\u6587\u5b98\u63a7\u5236\u4f5c\u4e3a\u519b\u4eba\u7684\u5929\u804c\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u63a8\u52a8\u519b\u4eba\u3001\u519b\u961f\u4e0e\u519b\u4e8b\u7684\u4e13\u4e1a\u5316\uff0c\u5e76\u575a\u6301\u6587\u5b98\u5bf9\u519b\u961f\u7684\u6709\u6548\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u666e\u9c81\u58eb\u70bc\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u652f\u7531\u5171\u540c\u7ebd\u5e26\u4e0e\u5171\u8bc6\u56e2\u7ed3\u8d77\u6765\u7684 \u201c\u65b0\u5e38\u5907\u519b \u201d\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u6b27\u6d32\u519b\u961f\u7684\u6977\u6a21\u3002\u4ea8\u5ef7\u987f\u5728\u6b64\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u7684\u519b\u653f\u5173\u7cfb\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u4e3b\u5f20\u4ece\u519b\u5b98\u7fa4\u4f53\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6587\u5b98\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u6743\u529b\u3001\u4e13\u4e1a\u5316\u519b\u4e8b\u4f26\u7406\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u4e3b\u6d41\u653f\u6cbb\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u8c0b\u6c42\u519b\u4e8b\u4e13\u4e1a\u5316\u4e0e \u201c\u5ba2\u89c2\u6587\u5b98\u63a7\u5236 \u201d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u4e13\u4e1a\u5316\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u4e0a\uff0c\u6b27\u6d32\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u4ea8\u5ef7\u987f\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\uff0c\u4e13\u4e1a\u5316\u6311\u6218\u7684\u662f\u5360\u7edf\u6cbb\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u8d35\u65cf\u5236\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u662f\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u7684\u3002\u800c\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u4e13\u4e1a\u5316\u6311\u6218\u7684\u662f\u5360\u7edf\u6cbb\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u662f\u8d35\u65cf\u5236\u7684\u3002\u4ece\u72ec\u7acb\u6218\u4e89\u76f4\u81f3\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e0a\u534a\u53f6\uff0c\u5f97\u5929\u72ec\u539a\u7684\u5730\u7406\u3001\u5730\u7f18\u4f18\u52bf\u4f7f\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e0d\u9700\u62c5\u5fc3\u5176\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u59cb\u7ec8\u4e3b\u5bfc\u7740\u7f8e\u56fd\u53ca\u5176\u519b\u653f\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u53ea\u77e5\u9053\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u53ca\u5176\u5c11\u6570\u51e0\u79cd\u53d8\u4f53\uff0c\u800c\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u53cd\u5bf9\u7ef4\u6301\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u5e38\u5907\u519b\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u519b\u4e8b\u5236\u5ea6\u548c\u519b\u4e8b\u804c\u80fd\u5fc5\u7136\u5a01\u80c1\u81ea\u7531\u3001\u6c11\u4e3b\u3001\u7e41\u8363\u4e0e\u548c\u5e73\uff0c\u53ea\u5173\u5fc3\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u519b\u653f\u5173\u7cfb\u6a21\u5f0f\u80fd\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u6c11\u4e3b\u4ef7\u503c\u517c\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"f_center\"><img src=\"https:\/\/nimg.ws.126.net\/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fdingyue.ws.126.net%2FNyJvMiTckwiiQbdJTqhFwufl1%3D982NkM6ANa6i%3DBuO9k61535206462148.jpeg&amp;thumbnail=660x2147483647&amp;quality=80&amp;type=jpg\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u8428\u7f2a\u5c14\u00b7\u4ea8\u5ef7\u987f(1927-2008)<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u4e5f\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u5baa\u6cd5\u4e0a\u3002\u4ea8\u5ef7\u987f\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u7f8e\u56fd\u5baa\u6cd5\u662f\u4fdd\u5b88\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5236\u5baa\u8005\u65e2\u6ca1\u6709\u9884\u6599\u5230\u5927\u4f17\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u5174\u8d77\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u9884\u6599\u5230\u519b\u4e8b\u804c\u4e1a\u7684\u5174\u8d77\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5baa\u6cd5\u5b8c\u5168\u6ca1\u6709\u89e6\u53ca\u653f\u515a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u89c4\u5b9a\u6587\u5b98\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u5b83\u5ef6\u7f13\u4e86\u82f1\u56fd\u5f0f\u7684\u5f3a\u5927\u653f\u515a\u4f53\u5236\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u5f62\u6210\uff0c\u4e5f\u963b\u6b62\u4e86\u82f1\u56fd\u5f0f\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6587\u5b98\u63a7\u5236\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5baa\u6cd5\u7684\u6c11\u5175\u6761\u6b3e\u5206\u5272\u4e86\u5dde\u4e0e\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u5bf9\u6c11\u5175\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u6743\uff0c\u5206\u6743\u6761\u6b3e\u5206\u5272\u4e86\u56fd\u4f1a\u4e0e\u603b\u7edf\u5bf9\u519b\u961f\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u6743\uff0c\u7edf\u5e05\u6761\u6b3e\u5206\u5272\u4e86\u603b\u7edf\u4e0e\u5185\u9601\u90e8\u957f\u5bf9\u519b\u961f\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u6743\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u5206\u6743\u548c\u521a\u6027\u5baa\u6cd5\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u7f8e\u56fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u5efa\u7acb\u82f1\u56fd\u90a3\u6837\u6709\u6548\u7684\u6587\u5b98\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u519b\u5b98\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u804c\u4e1a\u5316\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8fdc\u8fdc\u843d\u540e\u4e8e\u6b27\u6d32\u5404\u56fd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u5185\u6218\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e13\u4e1a\u5316\u519b\u4e8b\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u5e38\u5907\u519b\u7684\u89c4\u6a21\u975e\u5e38\u5c0f\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u519b\u4e8b\u4e13\u4e1a\u5316\u751f\u6210\u4e8e\u5185\u6218\u81f3 \u201c\u4e00\u6218 \u201d\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u671f\u65e2\u662f \u201c\u519b\u961f\u653f\u6cbb\u6743\u529b\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u51ac\u5929 \u201d\uff0c\u53c8\u662f \u201c\u519b\u4e8b\u4e13\u4e1a\u5316\u7684\u6625\u5929\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u56fd\u5bb6\u66f4\u52a0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u519b\u961f\u66f4\u52a0\u4fdd\u5b88\u4e3b\u4e49 \u201d\u3002\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e00\u56db\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u519b\u4eba\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u4e0e\u653f\u7b56\u7406\u8bba\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b8c\u5168 \u201c\u514b\u52b3\u585e\u7ef4\u8328\u5316 \u201d\uff1a\u201c\u653f\u7b56\u5236\u9020\u6218\u4e89\uff0c\u6218\u4e89\u6267\u884c\u653f\u7b56\u3002\u201d\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u6587\u5b98\u7fa4\u4f53\u5e38\u5e38\u65e0\u6cd5\u5236\u5b9a\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u519b\u4e8b\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7b49\u519b\u4e8b\u51b3\u7b56\u673a\u6784\u624d\u5e94\u8fd0\u800c\u751f\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u201c\u4e00\u6218\u201d\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u53c8\u91cd\u56de\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5b64\u7acb\u4e3b\u4e49\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u201c\u5546\u4e1a\u548c\u5e73\u4e3b\u4e49 \u201d\u548c\u201c\u6539\u9769\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49 \u201d\u90fd\u575a\u6301\u53cd\u519b\u4e8b\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u7f8e\u56fd\u519b\u4e8b\u4e13\u4e1a\u5316\u5728\u4e24\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b8c\u5168\u505c\u987f\u4e0b\u6765\u3002\u201c\u4e8c\u6218 \u201d\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u519b\u653f\u5173\u7cfb\u4ece\u6587\u5b98\u63a7\u5236\u53d8\u4e3a\u519b\u65b9\u4e3b\u5bfc\uff0c\u4fdd\u5b88\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u804c\u4e1a\u519b\u4e8b\u4f26\u7406\u6210\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u519b\u5b98\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\uff0c\u53c2\u8c0b\u957f\u8054\u5e2d\u4f1a\u8bae\u7684\u6743\u529b\u5927\u5927\u6269\u5f20\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u534f\u52a9\u603b\u7edf\u5236\u5b9a\u6218\u7565\u3001\u51b3\u5b9a\u519b\u4e8b\u9884\u7b97\uff0c\u4e0d\u53d7\u4efb\u4f55\u6587\u5b98\u673a\u6784\u7ea6\u675f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e8c<\/p>\n<p>\u201c\u4e8c\u6218 \u201d\u7ed3\u675f\u4e0d\u4e45\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u653f\u6cbb\u9677\u5165\u51b7\u6218\u683c\u5c40\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u519b\u653f\u5173\u7cfb\u4ece\u6b64\u5de8\u53d8\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e16\u754c\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u5e94\u5bf9\u4e0d\u65ad\u5f3a\u5316\u7684\u519b\u4e8b\u5b89\u5168\u5a01\u80c1\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u9700\u8981\u8fdc\u9ad8\u4e8e \u201c\u4e8c\u6218 \u201d\u524d\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u519b\u4e8b\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u8fd9\u63a8\u52a8\u519b\u4e8b\u9700\u6c42\u6210\u4e3a\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u804c\u4e1a\u5316\u7684\u519b\u4eba\u3001\u519b\u961f\u4e0e\u519b\u4e8b\u673a\u6784\u83b7\u5f97\u53f2\u65e0\u524d\u4f8b\u7684\u6743\u5a01\u548c\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u3002\u4fdd\u5b88\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u519b\u4e8b\u89c2\u5ff5\u3001\u5f3a\u5316\u7684\u519b\u4e8b\u529b\u91cf\u4e0e\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u793e\u4f1a\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u6301\u7eed\u7d27\u5f20\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4ea8\u5ef7\u987f\u53cd\u590d\u8ffd\u95ee\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u793e\u4f1a\u5982\u4f55\u63d0\u4f9b\u519b\u4e8b\u5b89\u5168\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8bf4\u7f8e\u56fd\u519b\u4e8b\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6761\u4ef6\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u4ece\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u8f6c\u5411\u4fdd\u5b88\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8f6c\u5411\u5728\u6218\u540e\u5341\u5e74\u5c31\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\u3002\u4e00\u4e5d\u516d\u56db\u5e74\uff0c\u6208\u5fb7\u534e\u7279\u7834\u5929\u8352\u8d62\u5f97\u4e86\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6c11\u4e3b\u515a\u94c1\u7968\u533a\u7684\u5357\u65b9\u516d\u5dde\uff0c\u52a0\u901f\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8f6c\u5411\u3002\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u201c\u4e8c\u6218 \u201d\u540e\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u519b\u653f\u5173\u7cfb\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u4ea8\u5ef7\u987f\u6240\u671f\u671b\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u519b\u961f\u8d70\u5411\u4fdd\u5b88\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e5f\u8d70\u5411\u4fdd\u5b88\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"f_center\"><img src=\"https:\/\/nimg.ws.126.net\/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fdingyue.ws.126.net%2F8sIOHfK8nfiechUMpfu3K27naNZWlvTbRcVd1WZnLZXRm1535206463859.jpeg&amp;thumbnail=660x2147483647&amp;quality=80&amp;type=jpg\" \/><\/p>\n<p>1955\u5e74\u81f31975\u5e74\u95f4\u7684\u8d8a\u5357\u6218\u4e89<\/p>\n<p>\u968f\u7740\u7f8e\u56fd\u519b\u4e8b\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u4e0d\u65ad\u5f3a\u5316\uff0c\u519b\u5b98\u7fa4\u4f53\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u884c\u653f\u3001\u5de5\u4e1a\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u627f\u62c5\u4e86\u65e5\u76ca\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u975e\u519b\u4e8b\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u4e0e\u5f88\u591a\u6c11\u95f4\u56e2\u4f53\u8054\u7cfb\u5bc6\u5207\uff0c\u6781\u5927\u5730\u5f71\u54cd\u7740\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u519b\u4eba\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u5728\u201c\u4e8c\u6218 \u201d\u671f\u95f4\u9ad8\u8fbe\u4e00\u5343\u4e94\u767e\u4e03\u5341\u591a\u4e07\u4eba\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u5728\u6218\u540e\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u65b0\u56de\u5f52\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e3a\u6b64\u4e13\u95e8\u5236\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e00\u90e8\u9000\u4f0d\u519b\u4eba\u6743\u5229\u6cd5\uff0c\u5411\u5176\u4e2d\u7ea6\u4e00\u5343\u4e8c\u767e\u56db\u5341\u4e07\u4eba\u63d0\u4f9b\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u57f9\u8bad\u3001\u533b\u7597\u3001\u5c31\u4e1a\u3001\u5931\u4e1a\u6551\u6d4e\u3001\u521b\u4e1a\u3001\u7f6e\u5730\u3001\u5efa\u623f\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5168\u9762\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u671d\u9c9c\u6218\u4e89\u3001\u8d8a\u5357\u6218\u4e89\u3001\u6d77\u6e7e\u6218\u4e89\u3001\u4f0a\u62c9\u514b\u548c\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u6218\u4e89\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\u7684\u9000\u4f0d\u519b\u4eba\u5b89\u7f6e\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e5f\u90fd\u505a\u4e86\u7c7b\u4f3c\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u8fd9\u63a8\u52a8\u7f8e\u56fd\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u9000\u4f0d\u519b\u4eba\u8fdb\u5927\u5b66\u6c42\u5b66\u3001\u6559\u4e66\u3001\u7f6e\u4e1a\u3001\u8fdb\u6cd5\u9662\u3001\u505a\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u548c\u90ca\u533a\u57ce\u9547\u5316\u7684\u6d6a\u6f6e\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u8005\u897f\u8fbe \u00b7\u53f2\u8003\u6734(Theda Skocpol)\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u8d77\u6e90\u4e3b\u8981\u5728\u4e8e\u5bf9\u58eb\u5175\u548c\u6bcd\u4eb2\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u201c\u4e8c\u6218 \u201d\u76f4\u81f3\u8d8a\u6218\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u519b\u4eba\u6570\u91cf\u4e00\u76f4\u6bd4\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u6587\u804c\u96c7\u5458\u591a\u3002\u6574\u4e2a\u51b7\u6218\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u56fd\u9632\u90e8\u7684\u6587\u804c\u96c7\u5458\u6570\u91cf\u90fd\u7ef4\u6301\u5728\u4e00\u767e\u591a\u4e07\uff0c\u4e00\u4e5d\u56db\u4e94\u5e74\u751a\u81f3\u9ad8\u8fbe\u4e8c\u767e\u516d\u5341\u4e07\u4eba\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u5360\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u96c7\u5458\u603b\u6570\u7684\u6bd4\u91cd\u957f\u671f\u5728 35%\u81f3 78%\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u5927\u90e8\uff0c\u8fd9\u5728\u4eba\u7c7b\u653f\u6cbb\u53f2\u4e0a\u524d\u65e0\u53e4\u4eba\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u9632\u90e8\u3001\u9000\u4f0d\u519b\u4eba\u4e8b\u52a1\u90e8\u3001\u56fd\u571f\u5b89\u5168\u90e8\u3001\u8054\u90a6\u8c03\u67e5\u5c40\u3001\u4e2d\u592e\u60c5\u62a5\u5c40\u3001\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168\u5c40\u3001\u56fd\u9632\u60c5\u62a5\u5c40\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u56fe\u50cf\u4e0e\u5730\u56fe\u5c40\u7b49\u8d1f\u8d23\u7ef4\u62a4\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u6587\u804c\u96c7\u5458\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e00\u767e\u4e94\u5341\u4e07\uff0c\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u4e00\u534a\u7684\u516c\u52a1\u5458\u6267\u638c\u56fd\u5bb6\u5f3a\u5236\u673a\u5668\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\u4e24\u767e\u591a\u4e07\u519b\u4eba\u3001\u4e24\u5343\u591a\u4e07\u519b\u4eba\u5bb6\u5c5e\u6216\u519b\u70c8\u5c5e\uff0c\u201c\u56fd\u9632\u5de5\u4e1a\u590d\u5408\u4f53 \u201d\u6240\u50ac\u751f\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u4f9d\u8d56\u56fd\u9632\u5408\u540c\u751f\u5b58\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u4f01\u4e1a\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u904d\u5e03\u5168\u7403\u7684\u6d77\u5916\u519b\u4e8b\u57fa\u5730\u548c\u6b64\u8d77\u5f7c\u4f0f\u7684\u5bf9\u5916\u6218\u4e89\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u5171\u540c\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0b\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u519b\u4e8b\u5f00\u652f\u5de8\u5927\uff0c\u5386\u5e74\u519b\u4e8b\u9884\u7b97\u5747\u8d85\u8fc7\u975e\u519b\u4e8b\u9884\u7b97\uff0c\u5386\u5e74\u5360\u6bd4\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e00\u534a\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u4e94\u516d\u5e74\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u4f8b\u5916\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u73b0\u8c61\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u519b\u4e8b\u4e0e\u6c11\u4e8b\u804c\u80fd\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u56de\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u516b\u4e5d\u3007\u5e74\u4e4b\u524d\u897f\u65b9\u5404\u56fd\u519b\u4e8b\u804c\u80fd\u957f\u671f\u538b\u5012\u6c11\u4e8b\u804c\u80fd\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u5f53\u4ee3\u6b27\u6d32\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5176\u793e\u4f1a\u5f00\u652f\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e00\u534a\u751a\u81f3\u4e09\u5206\u4e4b\u4e8c\uff0c\u519b\u4e8b\u9884\u7b97\u548c\u5f00\u652f\u6bd4\u4f8b\u666e\u904d\u8f83\u5c11\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a \u201c\u4e8c\u6218 \u201d\u7ed3\u675f\u4ee5\u6765\u7f8e\u56fd\u53ca\u5176\u9886\u5bfc\u5317\u7ea6\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e3a\u6b27\u6d32\u63d0\u4f9b\u96c6\u4f53\u5b89\u5168\u4fdd\u969c\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4fdd\u5b88\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u7f57\u4f2f\u7279 \u00b7\u5361\u6069\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u6b27\u7f8e\u5173\u7cfb\u683c\u5c40\uff1a\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u5929\u5802\u4f9d\u8d56\u7f8e\u56fd\u5b9e\u529b\u7684\u4fdd\u969c\u3002\u5c31\u6b64\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u4f53\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f\u4e00\u79cd \u201c\u519b\u4e8b\u653f\u4f53 \u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u56fd\u5bb6\u804c\u80fd\u519b\u4e8b\u5316\u4e86\uff0c\u5f00\u652f\u4e5f\u519b\u4e8b\u5316\u4e86\uff0c\u519b\u4e8b\u5efa\u5236\u5bf9\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u5de8\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"f_center\"><img src=\"https:\/\/nimg.ws.126.net\/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fdingyue.ws.126.net%2FRlPbT%3D8HPsNtvDW7dg0qQguV8uqiQhGeKJoR8fwIpq4a91535206465534.jpeg&amp;thumbnail=660x2147483647&amp;quality=80&amp;type=jpg\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u6234\u7ef4 \u00b7\u6885\u4f11\u300a\u5206\u88c2\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\uff1a\u653f\u515a\u63a7\u5236\u3001\u7acb\u6cd5\u548c\u8c03\u67e5\uff0c1946-2002\u300b( Yale University Press; 2 edition\uff0c2005)<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u79cd\u5f71\u54cd\u5c24\u5176\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u4f5c\u4e3a\u519b\u4e8b\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u96c6\u4e2d\u8fd0\u7528\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u4e0a\u3002\u8036\u9c81\u5927\u5b66\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u8005\u6234\u7ef4 \u00b7\u6885\u4f11 (David Mayhew)\u66fe\u7ecf\u6279\u8bc4\u7f8e\u56fd\u5b66\u8005\u6309\u7167\u548c\u5e73\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u5267\u672c\u7167\u672c\u5ba3\u79d1\uff0c\u5927\u5927\u4f4e\u4f30\u4e86\u6218\u4e89\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u6885\u4f11\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6218\u4e89\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u521b\u9020\u4e00\u4e2a\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u6218\u4e89\u5236\u9020\u4e86\u65b0\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f00\u542f\u4e86\u57f9\u80b2\u65b0\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7a97\u53e3\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u6218\u4e89\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u50ac\u751f\u65b0\u7406\u5ff5\u3001\u65b0\u8bae\u9898\u3001\u65b0\u65b9\u6848\u3001\u65b0\u504f\u597d\u3001\u65b0\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\uff0c\u91cd\u5851\u65e7\u7684\u9009\u4e3e\u8054\u76df\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6c38\u4e45\u5730\u6539\u53d8\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u4fa7\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u589e\u5f3a\u6c11\u65cf\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u6218\u4e89\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u6539\u53d8\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u4f9b\u7ed9\u4fa7\u3002\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u72ec\u7acb\u6218\u4e89\u3001\u7f8e\u58a8\u6218\u4e89\u3001\u5185\u6218\u3001\u201c\u4e00\u6218 \u201d\u3001\u201c\u4e8c\u6218 \u201d\u90fd\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u52a8\u5458\uff0c\u5e76\u6df1\u523b\u5851\u9020\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u5185\u653f\uff0c\u50ac\u751f\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u5f88\u591a\u65b0\u653f\u7b56\u3001\u65b0\u8bae\u9898\u3001\u65b0\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u4fdd\u62a4\u6027\u5173\u7a0e\u3001\u56fd\u5bb6\u94f6\u884c\u4f53\u7cfb\u3001\u6240\u5f97\u7a0e\u3001\u9000\u4f0d\u519b\u4eba\u6743\u5229\u3001\u9ed1\u4eba\u6743\u5229\u3001\u5dde\u9645\u94c1\u8def\u3001\u8d60\u5730\u5927\u5b66\u3001\u7d2f\u8fdb\u7a0e\u5236\u3001\u56fd\u5bb6\u9884\u7b97\u4f53\u7cfb\u3001\u7981\u9152\u4ee4\u3001\u5973\u6027\u6295\u7968\u6743\u3001\u56fd\u5185\u60c5\u62a5\u4f53\u7cfb\u3001\u4fdd\u969c\u5145\u5206\u5c31\u4e1a\u7684\u8d22\u653f\u653f\u7b56\u3001\u9650\u5236\u5de5\u4f1a\u3001\u79d1\u7814\u653f\u7b56\u3001\u539f\u5b50\u80fd\u653f\u7b56\u3001\u9650\u5236\u884c\u653f\u6743\u529b\u3001\u66f4\u65b0\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u516c\u5171\u4f4f\u623f\u7b49\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u73b0\u4ee3\u56fd\u5bb6\u5236\u5ea6\u5efa\u6784\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u6218\u4e89\u53ca\u5176\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\u3002\u800c\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u67e5\u5c14\u65af \u00b7\u8482\u5229\u6240\u6307\u51fa\u7684\uff0c\u5f3a\u5236\u4e0e\u8d44\u672c\u63a8\u52a8\u4e86\u8fd1\u4ee3\u897f\u6b27\u6c11\u65cf\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u8bde\u751f\uff0c\u6c11\u65cf\u56fd\u5bb6\u662f\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u526f\u4ea7\u54c1\u3002\u7b80\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u5efa\u6784\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u5f62\u6210\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e09<\/p>\n<p>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u516d\u5341\u5e74\u524d\u5199\u5c31\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ea8\u5ef7\u987f\u5728\u300a\u519b\u4eba\u4e0e\u56fd\u5bb6\u300b\u4e2d\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u519b\u653f\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u63a2\u8ba8\u622a\u81f3\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e94\u4e94\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u63d0\u9192\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u6b63\u89c6\u7f8e\u56fd\u519b\u653f\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u4e0b\u8ff0\u91cd\u5927\u5371\u673a\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u96be\u4ee5\u63a5\u53d7\u5bf9\u6297\u82cf\u8054\u6311\u6218\u6240\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u4e13\u4e1a\u5316\u519b\u961f\u548c\u519b\u4e8b\u5efa\u5236\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u4e00\u4e5d\u516d\u4e00\u5e74\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u5728\u519b\u4e8b\u884c\u52a8\u3001\u519b\u529b\u6c34\u5e73\u548c\u6b66\u5668\u89c4\u6a21\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u519b\u4e8b\u653f\u7b56\u53ea\u662f\u6587\u5b98\u653f\u5e9c\u5bf9\u56fd\u5185\u5916\u73af\u5883\u5404\u79cd\u76f8\u4e92\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u538b\u529b\u6240\u505a\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u51b2\u7a81\u4e3b\u8981\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u6587\u5b98\u6240\u754c\u5b9a\u7684\u5bf9\u5916\u653f\u7b56\u76ee\u6807\u4e0e\u5bf9\u5185\u653f\u7b56\u76ee\u6807\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6587\u5b98\u4e0e\u519b\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u3002\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u5c45\u5b89\u601d\u5371\u662f\u4ea8\u5ef7\u987f\u4e0d\u53d8\u7684\u521d\u5fc3\uff0c\u4ed6\u575a\u6301\u7f8e\u56fd\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76f4\u63a5\u5f71\u54cd\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u519b\u653f\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0a\u505a\u51fa\u51b3\u65ad\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4ea8\u5ef7\u987f\u5f00\u521b\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u519b\u653f\u5173\u7cfb\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u4f46\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u90fd\u8ba4\u540c\u4ed6\u7684\u519b\u653f\u5173\u7cfb\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u53cd\u5bf9\u6d3e\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u4eba\u7269\u4e4b\u4e00\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u8005\u5409\u6069 \u00b7\u83b1\u6602\u65af(Gene M. Lyons)\u5c31\u4e3b\u5f20\uff0c\u4ea8\u5ef7\u987f\u6ca1\u6709\u5145\u5206\u91cd\u89c6\u5f71\u54cd\u7f8e\u56fd\u519b\u653f\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u65b0\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u56fd\u9632\u90e8\u8fd9\u4e2a\u96c6\u6743\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u5f3a\u5316\uff0c\u6587\u5b98\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u7684\u804c\u4e1a\u5316\uff0c\u519b\u4e8b\u804c\u4e1a\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u519b\u4e8b\u4e8b\u52a1\u4e0d\u518d\u4e3a\u519b\u961f\u6240\u5784\u65ad\uff0c\u6218\u4e89\u4e0e\u548c\u5e73\u4e4b\u95f4\u3001\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u4e0e\u519b\u4e8b\u653f\u7b56\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6a21\u7cca\u754c\u9650\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u56fd\u9632\u8ba1\u5212\u3001\u56fd\u5bb6\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u548c\u4ef7\u503c\u4e0e\u5b89\u5168\u56f0\u5883\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u7b80\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u540c\u65f6\u5b58\u5728 \u201c\u6587\u5b98\u7684\u519b\u5b98\u5316 \u201d\u548c\u201c\u519b\u5b98\u7684\u6587\u5b98\u5316 \u201d\u8d8b\u52bf\uff0c\u519b\u653f\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5206\u5de5\u66f4\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u7684\u519b\u653f\u5173\u7cfb\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u8005\u83ab\u91cc\u65af \u00b7\u8d3e\u8bfa\u5a01\u8328(Morris Janowitz)\u5219\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u519b\u653f\u5173\u7cfb\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u628a\u91cd\u5fc3\u653e\u5728\u58eb\u5175\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u5316\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e3b\u5f20\u5916\u90e8\u5a01\u80c1\u53ef\u4ee5\u6fc0\u53d1\u56fd\u5bb6\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u51dd\u805a\u529b\uff0c\u6fc0\u53d1\u7ef4\u7cfb\u56fd\u5bb6\u6240\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u53c2\u4e0e\u548c\u516c\u6c11\u8eab\u4efd\u8ba4\u540c\u3002\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u8005\u8a79\u59c6\u65af \u00b7\u4f2f\u514b(James Burk)\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8d3e\u8bfa\u5a01\u8328\u548c\u4ea8\u5ef7\u987f\u7684\u519b\u653f\u5173\u7cfb\u7406\u8bba\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u9075\u5faa\u53e4\u7f57\u9a6c\u5bcc\u4eba\u5171\u548c\u4e3b\u4e49\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u79c9\u6301\u970d\u5e03\u65af\u5f0f\u548c\u5bc6\u5c14\u5f0f\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u4e3b\u5f20\u519b\u961f\u662f\u7ef4\u62a4\u519b\u4e8b\u5b89\u5168\u6240\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u53c8\u5fc5\u987b\u53d7\u56fd\u5bb6\u89c4\u5236\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u5176\u8ffd\u6c42\u53cd\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u4f46\u4e8c\u8005\u5b9e\u8d28\u4e0a\u90fd\u662f\u8054\u90a6\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u3002\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u8005\u5f7c\u5f97 \u00b7\u8d39\u7ef4\u5c14(Peter Feaver)\u628a\u91cd\u5fc3\u653e\u5728\u65b0\u7684\u6587\u5b98\u63a7\u5236\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b0\u6587\u5b98\u63a7\u5236\u7406\u8bba\u9700\u8981\u534f\u8c03\u4e24\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u519b\u653f\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u6309\u7167\u6587\u5b98\u8981\u6c42\u505a\u4efb\u4f55\u4e8b\u7684\u5f3a\u5927\u519b\u961f\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ea\u80fd\u505a\u6587\u5b98\u6240\u6388\u6743\u4e4b\u4e8b\u7684\u4ece\u5c5e\u519b\u961f\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"f_center\"><img src=\"https:\/\/nimg.ws.126.net\/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fdingyue.ws.126.net%2FdW1f3tsC1EYbvnmkv%3DlLkpUs39LynBudgIv5PT8wu3nwo1535206466875compressflag.jpeg&amp;thumbnail=660x2147483647&amp;quality=80&amp;type=jpg\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u5409\u6069 \u00b7\u83b1\u6602\u65af<\/p>\n<p>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u56de\u5e94\uff0c\u4ea8\u5ef7\u987f\u5728\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e5d\u56db\u5e74\u518d\u6b21\u8c08\u53ca\u672c\u4e66\u65f6\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u5728\u51b7\u6218\u671f\u95f4\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u5f3a\u5927\u519b\u4e8b\u5efa\u5236\u7684\u957f\u671f\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u800c\u8a00\u662f\u4e00\u4ef6\u5e78\u4e8b\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u540e\u51b7\u6218\u65f6\u4ee3\u91cd\u65b0\u9677\u5165\u5371\u673a\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u9700\u8981\u5efa\u7acb\u65b0\u7684\u3001\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u519b\u653f\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5bf9\u653f\u6cbb\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u548c\u519b\u4e8b\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u9700\u8981\u51e0\u4e2a\u524d\u63d0\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ec5\u4ec5\u4f9d\u636e\u519b\u4e8b\u5efa\u5236\u7684\u89c4\u6a21\u6216\u8d44\u6e90\u6765\u5224\u65ad\u5176\u653f\u6cbb\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\uff0c\u6d88\u8017\u5927\u91cf\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u519b\u4e8b\u529b\u91cf\u5b8c\u5168\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6709\u6548\u7684\u6587\u5b98\u63a7\u5236\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u51b7\u6218\u671f\u95f4\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u548c\u82cf\u8054\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u62c9\u7f8e\u548c\u975e\u6d32\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u519b\u961f\u867d\u7136\u6d88\u8017\u5f88\u5c11\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u5374\u7ecf\u5e38\u8511\u89c6\u751a\u81f3\u63a8\u7ffb\u6587\u5b98\u653f\u5e9c\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u4e0e\u519b\u4e8b\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5f3a\u70c8\u654c\u610f\u5f53\u7136\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5f7c\u6b64\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u53ef\u80fd\u5931\u8861\uff0c\u4f46\u4e8c\u8005\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u5efa\u7acb\u548c\u8c10\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e8c\u8005\u804c\u80fd\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u89c6\u89d2\u548c\u5229\u76ca\u4e5f\u5c31\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u518d\u6b21\uff0c\u519b\u4e8b\u5efa\u5236\u5e0c\u671b\u653f\u6cbb\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u5236\u5b9a\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u548c\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u540e\u8005\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u4e48\u505a\uff0c\u53c2\u8c0b\u957f\u6709\u8d23\u4efb\u81ea\u884c\u505a\u51fa\u89c4\u5212\u3002\u7b2c\u56db\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u548c\u519b\u4e8b\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u90fd\u627f\u8ba4\u548c\u63a5\u53d7\u5404\u53f8\u5176\u804c\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u4e0d\u5e72\u9884\u5bf9\u65b9\uff0c\u519b\u961f\u5f80\u5f80\u5728\u8d44\u6e90\u548c\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b81\u613f\u9009\u62e9\u540e\u8005\u3002\u7b2c\u4e94\uff0c\u804c\u4e1a\u5316\u7684\u519b\u5b98\u79ef\u6781\u5907\u6218\u800c\u4e0d\u597d\u6218\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b0\u7684\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u519b\u653f\u5173\u7cfb\u5e73\u8861\u8fd8\u5728\u63a2\u7d22\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f46\u51b7\u6218\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u519b\u653f\u5173\u7cfb\u603b\u4f53\u4e0a\u7b26\u5408\u4ea8\u5ef7\u987f\u5fc3\u76ee\u4e2d\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u5728\u51b7\u6218\u7ed3\u675f\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4ea8\u5ef7\u987f\u4ecd\u7136\u575a\u6301\u81ea\u5df1\u56db\u5341\u5e74\u524d\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u884c\u4e4b\u6709\u6548\u7684\u6587\u5b98\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u519b\u653f\u5173\u7cfb\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u575a\u6301\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u519b\u4e8b\u4f26\u7406\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u5fc5\u987b\u4ece\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u8f6c\u5411\u4fdd\u5b88\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u575a\u6301\u5305\u62ec\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u793e\u4f1a\u5728\u5185\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u793e\u4f1a\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u6743\u5a01\uff0c\u800c\u519b\u4e8b\u6743\u529b\u3001\u519b\u4e8b\u5236\u5ea6\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3\u56fd\u5bb6\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u6743\u5a01\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f3a\u5927\u3001\u56e2\u7ed3\u3001\u9ad8\u5ea6\u804c\u4e1a\u5316\u7684\u4fdd\u5b88\u4e3b\u4e49\u519b\u5b98\u7fa4\u4f53\u548c\u519b\u961f\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u5bf9\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u5a01\u80c1\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u4fdd\u969c\u548c\u653f\u7b56\u6267\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u5668\uff0c\u519b\u4eba\u3001\u519b\u5b98\u3001\u519b\u961f\u5c31\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u62a4\u536b\u8005\u9636\u5c42\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u653f\u6cbb\u5316\u3001\u6d3e\u7cfb\u5206\u88c2\u3001\u522b\u6709\u7528\u5fc3\u3001\u7f3a\u4e4f\u58f0\u671b\u4f46\u53c8\u5bf9\u516c\u4f17\u77e5\u540d\u5ea6\u654f\u611f\u7684\u519b\u5b98\u7fa4\u4f53\u5c06\u4f1a\u5371\u5bb3\u5230\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168\u3002\u519b\u4e8b\u4f26\u7406\u5f3a\u8c03\u5907\u6218\u800c\u975e\u597d\u6218\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u519b\u4e8b\u5f3a\u56fd\u800c\u975e\u7a77\u5175\u9ee9\u6b66\uff0c\u4e3b\u5f20\u7528\u7eaa\u5f8b\u3001\u7b49\u7ea7\u5236\u3001\u514b\u5236\u4e0e\u575a\u5b9a\u7b49\u519b\u4e8b\u5fb7\u6027\u7ea6\u675f\u519b\u4e8b\u529b\u91cf\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u804c\u4e1a\u5316\u7684\u519b\u5b98\u7fa4\u4f53\u548c\u519b\u961f\u519b\u4eba\u65e0\u6cd5\u81ea\u5f8b\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u9632\u6b62\u519b\u4eba\u5e72\u653f\u3001\u519b\u4e8b\u653f\u53d8\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5efa\u6784\u5408\u7406\u7684\u519b\u653f\u5173\u7cfb\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u519b\u5b98\u5e94\u8be5\u63a5\u53d7\u4eba\u4e8b\u4efb\u514d\u3001\u8d22\u653f\u9884\u7b97\u548c\u519b\u7eaa\u56fd\u6cd5\u5ba1\u67e5\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u6587\u5b98\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u63a5\u53d7\u6587\u5b98\u5728\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u3001\u9053\u5fb7\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u667a\u6167\u548c\u6cbb\u56fd\u80fd\u529b\u4e0a\u9ad8\u4e8e\u3001\u4f18\u4e8e\u3001\u5f3a\u4e8e\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u628a\u670d\u4ece\u4f5c\u4e3a\u519b\u4eba\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u5fb7\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u575a\u6301\u519b\u4e8b\u4e13\u4e1a\u5316\u7684\u5ba2\u89c2\u6587\u5b98\u63a7\u5236\u4f18\u4e8e\u8ffd\u6c42\u6587\u5b98\u6743\u529b\u6700\u5927\u5316\u7684\u6587\u5b98\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u519b\u5b98\u5fc5\u987b\u670d\u4ece\u6587\u5b98\u7684\u6743\u5a01\u3002\u6743\u5a01\uff0c\u582a\u79f0\u7406\u89e3\u4ea8\u5ef7\u987f\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u4e00\u628a\u94a5\u5319\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4ea8\u5ef7\u987f\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u5ff5\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\u5236\u5ea6\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u4e0a\uff0c\u6743\u5a01\u90fd\u662f\u5efa\u6784\u7406\u60f3\u653f\u6cbb\u79e9\u5e8f\u6240\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"f_center\"><img src=\"https:\/\/nimg.ws.126.net\/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fdingyue.ws.126.net%2F968oLBDvBjQj8mRKrTvoTRbOWv4XaelvFchyTew8PpJPl1535206468702.jpeg&amp;thumbnail=660x2147483647&amp;quality=80&amp;type=jpg\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u4e8c\u3007\u3007\u4e03\u5e74\uff0c\u4ea8\u5ef7\u987f\u5728\u63a5\u53d7\u8bbf\u8c08\u65f6\u56de\u5fc6\u4e86\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u5728\u4e94\u5341\u5e74\u524d\u6240\u5f15\u53d1\u7684\u4e00\u6869\u5b66\u672f\u516c\u6848\u3002\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e94\u4e03\u5e74\uff0c\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66\u653f\u6cbb\u7cfb\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u6d3e\u6559\u6388\u5361\u5c14 \u00b7\u5f17\u91cc\u5fb7\u91cc\u5e0c(Carl Friedrich)\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u5728\u9f13\u5439\u6743\u5a01\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u62d2\u7edd\u6388\u4e88\u4ea8\u5ef7\u987f\u7ec8\u8eab\u6559\u804c\uff0c\u4ea8\u5ef7\u987f\u88ab\u8feb\u548c\u5e03\u70ed\u6d25\u65af\u57fa\u4e00\u9053\u8f6c\u6295\u54e5\u4f26\u6bd4\u4e9a\u5927\u5b66\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u4f4d\u81ea\u7531\u6d3e\u6559\u6388\u56db\u5e74\u540e\u53c8\u4eb2\u81ea\u628a\u4ea8\u5ef7\u987f\u8bf7\u56de\u4e86\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66\u653f\u6cbb\u7cfb\uff0c\u4f46\u4ea8\u5ef7\u987f\u672c\u4eba\u5728\u4e94\u5341\u5e74\u540e\u4ecd\u4e0d\u63a5\u53d7\u8fd9\u4f4d\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\uff0c\u4ed6\u59cb\u7ec8\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5728\u4eba\u7c7b\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u957f\u6cb3\u4e2d\uff0c\u6587\u660e\u7684\u5174\u8870\uff0c\u6218\u4e89\u4e0e\u548c\u5e73\u7684\u4ea4\u66ff\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u653b\u5b88\u6613\u52bf\uff0c\u90fd\u5904\u5728\u65e0\u5c3d\u7684\u5faa\u73af\u5f80\u590d\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u53d8\u5316\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5fc5\u7136\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u8fdb\u6b65\u5374\u65e2\u4e0d\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u5fc5\u7136\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5982\u6b32\u63a2\u5bfb\u8d70\u5411\u653f\u6cbb\u79e9\u5e8f\u4e4b\u9053\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u533a\u5206\u6743\u5a01\u4e0e\u6743\u5a01\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u4f5c\u8005:\u6b27\u6811\u519b \u7f16\u8005\u6309\uff1a\u7279\u6717\u666e\u5f53\u9009\u603b\u7edf\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u4fdd\u5b88\u4e3b\u4e49\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u624d\u8fdb\u5165\u516c\u4f17\u7684\u89c6\u91ce\u3002\u4f46\u5176\u5b9e\u4ece\u519b\u653f\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[12730,12729,12731],"views":421,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/41363"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=41363"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/41363\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":41961,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/41363\/revisions\/41961"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=41363"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=41363"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=41363"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}