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src=\"https:\/\/i04piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/c41e0fa56ec89bdd\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u5434\u5065\u96c4\u505a\u7269\u7406\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5411\u6765\u4ee5\u7cbe\u786e\u8457\u79f0<\/p>\n<p>\u201c\u674e\uff0d\u6768\uff0d\u5434\u5b87\u79f0\u53d1\u73b0\u201d\u6df1\u523b\u5730\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u539f\u5148\u5bf9\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u5bf9\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u91cd\u5927\u800c\u6df1\u8fdc\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u201c\u674e\uff0d\u6768\uff0d\u5434\u5b87\u79f0\u53d1\u73b0\u201d\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6709\u5f31\u77e2\u91cf\u6d41\u5b88\u6052\u5b9a\u5f8b\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6709\u5f31\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0e\u7535\u78c1\u4f5c\u7528\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u5df2\u4e3a\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u540e\u6765\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u6240\u8bc1\u660e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u201c\u674e\uff0d\u6768\uff0d\u5434\u5b87\u79f0\u53d1\u73b0\u201d\u662f\u534e\u4eba\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5728\u7eaf\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\u8f70\u52a8\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5b83\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6539\u53d8\u534e\u4eba\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u79d1\u5b66\u53d1\u5c55\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u548c\u5f62\u8c61\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u5c06\u6c38\u8fdc\u8bb0\u5f97\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4f1f\u5927\u8d21\u732e\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>2\uff0e\u5979\u672a\u66fe\u5f97\u5230\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5956\uff0c\u4ee4\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u60cb\u60dc\u4e0e\u4e0d\u89e3<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u674e\u653f\u9053\u3001\u6768\u632f\u5b81\u56e0\u6307\u5f15\u5b87\u79f0\u53d1\u73b0\u800c\u83b7\u5f97\u4e861957\u5e74\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5956\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u505a\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u5434\u5065\u96c4\u5374\u88ab\u62d2\u4e4b\u4e8e\u95e8\u5916\u3002\u4e0d\u5c11\u4eba\u5bf9\u6b64\u56f0\u60d1\u4e0d\u89e3\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u83b7\u5f97\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5956\u7684\u540c\u884c\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e3a\u5434\u5065\u96c4\u9e23\u4e0d\u5e73\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u674e\u653f\u9053\u3001\u6768\u632f\u5b81\u3001\u4e01\u8087\u4e2d\u3001\u674e\u8fdc\u54f2\u8fd9\u4e9b\u534e\u4eba\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e2d\u7684\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5956\u83b7\u5f97\u8005\uff0c\u5434\u5065\u96c4\u5728\u4f2f\u514b\u5229\u7684\u8001\u5e08\u5965\u672c\u6d77\u9ed8\uff08R.Oppenheimer\uff09\u3001\u585e\u683c\u745e\uff08E.Segre\uff0c\u6709\u8bd1\u4e3a\u8d5b\u683c\u96f7\u6216\u897f\u683c\u96f7\u7684\uff09\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u62c9\u6bd4\uff08I.I.Rabi\uff09\u3001\u5a01\u5c14\u900a\uff08R.Wilson\uff09\u3001\u53f2\u5766\u4f2f\u683c\uff08J.Steinberger\uff0c\u6709\u8bd1\u4e3a\u65af\u6cf0\u56e0\u8d1d\u683c\u5c14\uff09\u3001\u83b1\u5fb7\u66fc\uff08L.Lederman\uff09\u3001\u62c9\u59c6\u897f\uff08N.Ramsey\uff09\u3001\u897f\u535a\u683c\uff08G.T.Seaborg\uff09\u3001\u83b1\u56e0\u74e6\u7279\uff08J.Rainwater\uff09\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u8457\u540d\u79d1\u5b66\u62a5\u9053\u4e13\u5bb6\u6c5f\u624d\u5065\u57281989\u5e74\u81f31996\u5e74\u64b0\u5199\u5434\u5065\u96c4\u4f20\u65f6\uff0c\u66fe\u7ecf\u98de\u884c3\u4e07\u591a\u82f1\u91cc\uff0c\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\u3001\u7f8e\u56fd\u3001\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e8650\u591a\u4f4d\u76f8\u5173\u4eba\u58eb\uff0c\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u7b2c\u4e00\u624b\u6750\u6599\u3002\u9996\u5148\u662f\u5965\u672c\u6d77\u9ed8\uff08R.Oppenheimer\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u5411\u5434\u5065\u96c4\u901a\u62a5 1957 \u5e74\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5956\u8bc4\u5ba1\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5373\u8868\u793a\u4e86\u60cb\u60dc\u30021957 \u5e74 10 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X \u5c04\u7ebf\u5230\u5938\u514b\u2014\u2014\u73b0\u4ee3\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5b87\u79f0\u4e0d\u5b88\u6052\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6218\u540e\u6700\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5b83\u6d88\u9664\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u504f\u89c1\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u504f\u89c1\u672a\u7ecf\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u9a8c\u8bc1\uff0c\u5c31\u66fe\u88ab\u5f53\u6210\u4e00\u6761\u539f\u7406\u3002\u800c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d1\u73b0\u4e2d\u505a\u51fa\u6700\u5927\u8d21\u732e\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u674e\u653f\u9053\u3001\u6768\u632f\u5b81\u3001\u5434\u5065\u96c4\u4e09\u4f4d\u534e\u4eba\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u3002\uff08\uff3b4\uff3d\uff0cp.292\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u6709\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u80cc\u666f\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u62a5\u9053\u4e13\u5bb6\u3001\u4e0d\u5217\u98a0\u767e\u79d1\u5168\u4e66\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4f5c\u8005\u548c\u7f16\u8f91\u590f\u9f99.B.\u9ea6\u683c\u745e\uff08Sharon B. McGrayne\uff09\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5927\u91cf\u91c7\u8bbf\u540e\u64b0\u5199\u4e86\u300a\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u79d1\u5b66\u5956\u4e2d\u7684\u5973\u6027\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7528\u4e13\u7ae0\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u5434\u5065\u96c4\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u8fd9\u90e8\u4e66\u4e00\u5171\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e8614\u4f4d\u79d1\u5b66\u5973\u6027\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d9\u4f4d\u662f\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5956\u7684\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5434\u5065\u96c4\u5728\u5185\u7684\u53e6 5 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77%\u3002\u7406\u8bba\u6027\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u6216\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u662f\u5c5e\u4e8e\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u670915\u4f4d\uff0c\u7ea6\u536023%\u30021957\u5e74\u81f3\u5434\u5065\u96c4\u53bb\u4e16\u7684 1997 \u5e74\uff0c\u6709 88 \u4f4d\u5f97\u5956\u4eba\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4e3b\u8981\u4ece\u4e8b\u5b9e\u9a8c\u3001\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6280\u672f\u3001\u6216\u8005\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5206\u6790\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u5e76\u83b7\u5f97\u91cd\u8981\u53d1\u73b0\u3001\u53d1\u660e\u6216\u6d4b\u91cf\u7ed3\u679c\u800c\u83b7\u5956\u7684\uff0c\u6709 54 \u4f4d\uff0c\u7ea6\u5360 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J. \u6234\u7ef4\u900a\u548c\u52a9\u624b\u9769\u672b\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u6b21\u5076\u7136\u673a\u4f1a\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u4e00\u5f20\u7535\u5b50\u5728\u6676\u4f53\u4e2d\u7684\u884d\u5c04\u7167\u7247\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0cG.P. \u6c64\u59c6\u900a\u4e5f\u4ee5\u7c7b\u4f3c\u65b9\u6cd5\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u7535\u5b50\u884d\u5c04\u7167\u7247\u3002\u884d\u5c04\u662f\u6ce2\u52a8\u6027\u7684\u5178\u578b\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u6ce2\u5728\u7ecf\u8fc7\u5c0f\u5b54\u65f6\u624d\u80fd\u4ee5\u5c0f\u5b54\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5f62\u6210\u884d\u5c04\u56fe\u50cf\u3002\u7535\u5b50\u6ce2\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u8bc1\u5b9e\u4e86\u5fb7\u5e03\u7f57\u610f\u7684\u8bbe\u60f3\uff0c\u4ed6\u56e0\u6b64\u800c\u83b7\u5f97 1929\u5e74\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5956\u3002\u6234\u7ef4\u900a\u548c G.P. \u6c64\u59c6\u900a\u56e0\u7528\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5b9e\u4e86\u5fb7\u5e03\u7f57\u610f\u6ce2\uff0c\u8bc1\u5b9e\u4e86\u7535\u5b50\u7684\u6ce2\u7c92\u4e8c\u8c61\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u5171\u4eab 1937 \u5e74\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5956\u3002\uff08\uff3b11\uff3d\uff0cp.32\uff09\u6234\u7ef4\u900a\u548c G.P. \u6c64\u59c6\u900a\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u4e0e\u5434\u5065\u96c4\u5bf9\u8d39\u7c73\u03b2\u8870\u53d8\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bc1\u660e\u3001\u5f31\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u4e2d\u7684\u5b87\u79f0\u53d1\u73b0\u6216\u77e2\u91cf\u6d41\u5b88\u6052\u5b9a\u5f8b\u7684\u8bc1\u660e\u6bd4\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f88\u96be\u8bf4\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u6216\u8005\u66f4\u56f0\u96be\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0e\u5434\u5065\u96c4\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u8fd8\u6709\u5f17\u5170\u514b\u3001\u8d6b\u5179\u3001\u9c8d\u5a01\u5c14\u7b49\u3002\u5fb7\u56fd\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u5f17\u5170\u514b\u548c\u8d6b\u5179\u57281914\u5e74\u505a\u7535\u5b50\u8f70\u51fb\u539f\u5b50\u5b9e\u9a8c\u65f6\uff0c\u8bc1\u5b9e\u4e86\u73bb\u5c14\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u80fd\u7ea7\u7684\u8dc3\u8fc1\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u83b7\u5f971925\u5e74\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5956\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\u9c8d\u5a01\u5c141947\u5e74\u5728\u5347\u5165\u9ad8\u7a7a\u7684\u6c14\u7403\u4e2d\uff0c\u7528\u7279\u6b8a\u6444\u5f71\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u5b87\u5b99\u5c04\u7ebf\u4e2d\u7684\u4ecb\u5b50\uff0c\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u65e5\u672c\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u6c64\u5ddd\u79c0\u68111934\u5e74\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u4ecb\u5b50\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u9c8d\u5a01\u5c14\u57281950\u5e74\u56e0\u6b64\u800c\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5956\u3002\uff08\uff3b12\uff3d\uff0cp.1114\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u8df3\u51fa20\u4e16\u7eaa\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u6765\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u5434\u5065\u96c4\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u540c\u6837\u662f\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u53f2\u4e2d\u4e0d\u53ef\u5ffd\u7565\u7684\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4f1a\u6d89\u53ca\u592a\u591a\u7684\u4eba\u7269\u548c\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6682\u4e14\u7565\u800c\u4e0d\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>4\uff0e\u5728\u5bf9\u5979\u8bc4\u4ef7\u4e2d\u7684\u79cd\u79cd\u4e0d\u516c\u548c\u8bef\u89e3\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u4e88\u4ee5\u6f84\u6e05<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u7531\u4e8e\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5956\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\uff0c\u5b83\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u6210\u4e3a\u516c\u4f17\u8bc4\u5224\u4e00\u4e2a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u6c34\u51c6\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u6027\u5c3a\u5ea6\u3002\u83b7\u5f97\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5956\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u88ab\u4eba\u4eec\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u4e00\u6d41\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u800c\u6ca1\u6709\u83b7\u5f97\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5956\u5219\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u8fbe\u5230\u4e00\u6d41\u7684\u6c34\u5e73\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u548c\u903b\u8f91\u4e0a\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u6839\u636e\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5434\u5065\u96c4\u6ca1\u6709\u5f97\u5230\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5956\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0a\u4e00\u822c\u4eba\u5bf9\u5979\u6ca1\u6709\u5e94\u8be5\u6709\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u754c\u6216\u79d1\u5b66\u53f2\u754c\u4e13\u5bb6\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f80\u5f80\u4eba\u4e91\u4ea6\u4e91\uff0c\u5bf9\u5979\u6ca1\u6709\u5e94\u8be5\u6709\u7684\u8bc4\u4ef7\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5173\u4e8e\u5728\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\u505a\u51fa\u5b87\u79f0\u4e0d\u5b88\u6052\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u6743\u95ee\u9898<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u6709\u4eba\u4ee5\u4e3a\u5434\u5065\u96c4\u7684\u5b87\u79f0\u53d1\u73b0\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u6700\u5148\u505a\u51fa\u7684\uff0c\u4e0e\u5979\u540c\u65f6\u751a\u81f3\u6bd4\u5979\u8fd8\u65e9\u7684\u53e6\u6709\u5176\u4eba\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u3001L. M. \u83b1\u5fb7\u66fc\u3001M.\u7ef4\u56e0\u91cc\u5e0c\u7b49\u4eba\u5408\u4f5c\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u62a5\u544a\u4e0e\u5434\u5065\u96c4\u7b49\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u62a5\u544a\u53d1\u8868\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u671f\u300a\u7269\u7406\u8bc4\u8bba\u300b\u4e0a\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u7f16\u8f91\u90e8\u7684\u6536\u7a3f\u65e5\u671f\u6807\u660e\u90fd\u662f 1957\u5e741\u670815\u65e5\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u6709\u7684\u4eba\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7ed3\u8bba\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u201c\u83b1\u5fb7\u66fc\u2026\u2026\u6700\u65e9\u5728\u03c0-\u03bc-e \u8870\u53d8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5bf9\u674e\u6768\u5b87\u79f0\u4e0d\u5b88\u6052\u539f\u7406\u505a\u51fa\u5b9e\u9a8c\u68c0\u9a8c\u3002\u548c\u5434\u5065\u96c4\u7684\u94b4 60 \u5b9e\u9a8c\u540c\u4e00\u5929\u5411\u300a\u7269\u7406\u8bc4\u8bba\u300b\u63d0\u4ea4\u8bba\u6587\u3002\u201d\uff08\uff3b13\uff3d\uff0cp.179\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u4e24\u7bc7\u62a5\u544a\u540c\u65f6\u5411\u300a\u7269\u7406\u8bc4\u8bba\u300b\u63d0\u4ea4\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u53d1\u8868\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5374\u4e0d\u662f\u540c\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\u3001\u540c\u65f6\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u3002\u5728\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u7b49\u4eba\u7684\u62a5\u544a\u4e2d\uff0c\u660e\u786e\u5199\u9053\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u5728\u5f97\u77e5\u5434\u5065\u96c4\u7b49\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7684\u521d\u6b65\u7ed3\u679c\u540e\u624d\u51b3\u5b9a\u5f00\u59cb\u505a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7684\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u7bc7\u603b\u5171\u4e24\u4e2a\u9875\u9762\u7684\u62a5\u544a\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\u63d0\u5230\u201c\u5434\u5065\u96c4\u7b49\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u201d\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\u662f\u62a5\u544a\u524d\u5934\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u4ed6\u4eec\u51b3\u5b9a\u505a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u662f\u5728\u5434\u5065\u96c4\u7b49\u7528\u5b9a\u5411\u6838\u03b2\u8870\u53d8\u5f97\u5230\u521d\u6b65\u7ed3\u679c\u4e4b\u540e\u3002\u539f\u8bdd\u662f\uff1a\u201cConfirmation of this proposal in the form of preliminary results on \u03b2decay of oriented nuclei by Wu et al. reached us before this experiment was begun.\u201d 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src=\"https:\/\/img2.baidu.com\/it\/u=2942543487,2181015567&amp;fm=253&amp;fmt=auto&amp;app=138&amp;f=JPEG?w=576&amp;h=500\" 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