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\u66fe\u5f88\u5feb\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u674e\u3001\u6768\u5efa\u8bae\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u7ec4\u5b9e\u9a8c, \u5f53\u521d\u5434\u5065\u96c4\u66fe\u4e89\u53d6\u4ed6\u7684\u5408\u4f5c, \u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u4ed6\u5e76\u4e0d\u770b\u597d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bfe\u9898, \u5fd9\u7740\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u53bb\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u6742\u5fd7\u4e0a\u6709\u7740\u5404\u79cd\u5404\u6837\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6784\u60f3, \u5b9e\u9a8c\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u65e2\u53d7\u5230\u672c\u8eab\u77e5\u8bc6\u3001\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u9650\u5236, \u53c8\u53d7\u5230\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8bbe\u5907\u3001\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7ecf\u8d39\u7b49\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u7275\u626f, \u53ea\u6709\u786e\u4fe1\u81ea\u5df1\u6240\u8981\u505a\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7684\u610f\u4e49, \u624d\u80fd\u6295\u5165\u4eba\u529b\u7269\u529b\u8d22\u529b\u53bb\u505a\u8fd9\u9879\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6768\u632f\u5b81\u8bf4:\u201c\u5434\u5065\u96c4\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4ee5\u7cbe\u51c6\u8457\u79f0\u4e8e\u4e16, \u4f46\u662f\u5979\u7684\u6210\u529f\u8fd8\u6709\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u539f\u56e0:1956\u5e74\u5927\u5bb6\u4e0d\u80af\u505a\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5b87\u79f0\u5b88\u6052\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c, \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5979\u80af\u53bb\u505a\u6b64\u56f0\u96be\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u5462? \u56e0\u4e3a\u5979\u72ec\u5177\u6167\u773c, \u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b87\u79f0\u5b88\u6052\u5373\u4f7f\u4e0d\u88ab\u63a8\u7ffb, \u6b64\u4e00\u57fa\u672c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u4e5f\u5e94\u88ab\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u5979\u7684\u8fc7\u4eba\u4e4b\u5904\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/p1.itc.cn\/q_70\/images03\/20230217\/b84fad30edc3451d85cfbb350dcdfd14.jpeg\" width=\"432\" height=\"519\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u5434\u5065\u96c4\u505a\u7269\u7406\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5411\u6765\u4ee5\u7cbe\u786e\u8457\u79f0<\/p>\n<p>3.\u00a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u503c\u5f97\u4ece\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u53f2\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u8ba4\u771f\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u95ee\u9898<\/p>\n<p>\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u4eba\u4eec(\u5305\u62ec\u8bb8\u591a\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u79d1\u5b66\u53f2\u4e13\u5bb6)\u5f80\u5f80\u5355\u8bf4\u674e\u3001\u6768\u201c\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u5f31\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0b\u7684\u5b87\u79f0\u4e0d\u5b88\u6052\u201d , \u5982\u679c\u540c\u65f6\u8bb2\u5230\u674e\u3001\u6768\u3001\u5434, \u5219\u8bf4\u674e\u3001\u6768\u201c\u53d1\u73b0\u201d , \u5434\u7b49\u201c\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u674e\u3001\u6768\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u201d \u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u80af\u5b9a\u5730\u8bf4, \u8fd9\u4e24\u6837\u8bf4\u6cd5\u90fd\u5f88\u6709\u5546\u69b7\u7684\u4f59\u5730\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6768\u632f\u5b81\u540e\u6765\u56de\u5fc6\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u60c5\u51b5, \u8bf4:\u201c\u5728\u90a3\u4e2a\u65f6\u5019, \u6211\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u62bc\u5b9d\u5728\u5b87\u79f0\u4e0d\u5b88\u6052\u4e0a, \u674e\u653f\u9053\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709, \u6211\u4e5f\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u62bc\u5b9d\u5728\u5b87\u79f0\u4e0d\u5b88\u6052\u4e0a\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u76f8\u5f53\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u662f:\u201c\u674e\u3001\u6768\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5b87\u79f0\u5728\u5f31\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5b88\u6052\u7684\u539f\u7406, \u5434\u5065\u96c4\u7b49\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u660e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u539f\u7406\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u201d \u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5e94\u8be5\u600e\u6837\u770b\u5f85\u5728\u8fd9\u573a\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u9769\u547d\u4e2d\u7531\u674e\u3001\u6768\u4e0e\u5434\u5065\u96c4\u5206\u522b\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e24\u65b9\u9762\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\uff1f<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a, \u8fd9\u91cc\u662f\u201c\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u8fc7\u7a0b\u201d, \u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u5173\u952e\u7684\u662f\u4e24\u9879\u7d27\u5bc6\u76f8\u5173\u800c\u53c8\u5e94\u8be5\u6709\u6240\u533a\u522b\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u674e\u3001\u6768\u4ece\u03b8-\u03c4\u95ee\u9898, \u6df1\u5165\u5230\u5f31\u4f5c\u7528\u4e2d\u7684\u5b87\u79f0\u95ee\u9898, \u901a\u8fc7\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\uff1a\u5f31\u4f5c\u7528\u4e2d\u7684\u5b87\u79f0\u5b88\u6052\u6ca1\u6709\u8bc1\u636e\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d1\u73b0, \u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u4e0e\u9014\u5f84\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5434\u5065\u96c4\u7387\u5148\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5b9e\u9a8c\u63a2\u6d4b\u5f31\u4f5c\u7528\u4e2d\u5b87\u79f0\u60c5\u51b5, \u53d1\u73b0\u5f31\u4f5c\u7528\u4e2d\u5b87\u79f0\u662f\u4e0d\u5b88\u6052\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d1\u73b0, \u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u4ece\u672a\u89c1\u8fc7\u3001\u4e5f\u4ece\u672a\u68c0\u67e5\u8fc7\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u73b0\u8c61(\u81ea\u7136\u89c4\u5f8b)\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e24\u9879\u7d27\u5bc6\u76f8\u5173\u800c\u53c8\u6709\u6240\u533a\u522b\u7684\u53d1\u73b0, \u6253\u5f00\u4e86\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u65b0\u89c6\u91ce, \u4fc3\u6210\u4e86\u4eba\u5bf9\u81ea\u7136\u8ba4\u8bc6\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6839\u672c\u6027\u53d8\u9769\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u5e94\u8be5\u628a\u5b87\u79f0\u5728\u5f31\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5b88\u6052\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u201c\u674e-\u6768-\u5434\u5b87\u79f0\u53d1\u73b0\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u6216\u8bb8\u5bf9\u8fd9\u573a\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u53f2\u4e0a\u582a\u79f0\u9769\u547d\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5728\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e24\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u8d21\u732e, \u66f4\u4e3a\u516c\u5141\u548c\u5ba2\u89c2\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u201c\u674e-\u6768-\u5434\u5b87\u79f0\u53d1\u73b0\u201d\u6df1\u523b\u5730\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u539f\u5148\u5bf9\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u770b\u6cd5, \u5bf9\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u91cd\u5927\u800c\u6df1\u8fdc\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u201c\u674e-\u6768-\u5434\u5b87\u79f0\u53d1\u73b0\u201d , \u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6709\u5f31\u77e2\u91cf\u6d41\u5b88\u6052\u5b9a\u5f8b\u7684\u53d1\u73b0, \u4e5f\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6709\u5f31\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0e\u7535\u78c1\u4f5c\u7528\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u5df2\u4e3a\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u540e\u6765\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u6240\u8bc1\u660e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u201c\u674e-\u6768-\u5434\u5b87\u79f0\u53d1\u73b0\u201d\u662f\u534e\u4eba\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5728\u7eaf\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\u8f70\u52a8\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5f71\u54cd, \u5b83\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6539\u53d8\u534e\u4eba\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u79d1\u5b66\u53d1\u5c55\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u548c\u5f62\u8c61, \u5177\u6709\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u5386\u53f2, \u5c06\u6c38\u8fdc\u8bb0\u5f97\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4f1f\u5927\u8d21\u732e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>4.\u5979\u7684\u8d21\u732e,\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0e\u8bb8\u591a\u4e00\u6d41\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u76f8\u6bd4\u8f83<\/p>\n<p>\u5434\u5065\u96c4\u4e00\u751f\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e3b\u8981\u5728\u03b2\u8870\u53d8\u4e0a\u3002\u5979\u4f7f\u03b2\u8870\u53d8\u6210\u4e3a\u201c\u6700\u654f\u611f\u3001\u6700\u5b9e\u9645\u548c\u6700\u6709\u529b\u7684\u201d , \u201c\u7814\u7a76\u5f31\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u63a2\u6d4b\u624b\u6bb5\u201d , \u201c\u4e00\u6b21\u53c8\u4e00\u6b21\u5730\u5bf9\u7814\u7a76\u5f31\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u8d77\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5979\u6709\u5341\u4e94\u9879\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5de5\u4f5c, \u5305\u62ec:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>(1)\u5173\u4e8e\u8f6b\u81f4\u8f90\u5c04\u548c\u6838\u88c2\u53d8\u7814\u7a76(1938);<\/p>\n<p>(2)\u03b2\u8c31\u7684\u5f62\u72b6(1946);<\/p>\n<p>(3)\u5b87\u79f0\u4e0d\u5b88\u6052;<\/p>\n<p>(4)\u77e2\u91cf\u6d41\u5b88\u6052\u5047\u8bbe(1962-1964);<\/p>\n<p>(5)\u53cc\u03b2\u8870\u53d8\u548c\u8f7b\u5b50\u5b88\u6052(1970);<\/p>\n<p>(6)\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7c7b\u6d41CVC\u7406\u8bba(1977);<\/p>\n<p>(7)\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u548c\u80fd\u7ea7\u56fe;<\/p>\n<p>(8)\u5947\u7279\u539f\u5b50;<\/p>\n<p>(9)\u7a46\u65af\u5821\u5c14\u8c31\u5b66\u53ca\u5176\u5e94\u7528;<\/p>\n<p>(10)\u6e6e\u6ca1\u91cf\u5b50\u7684\u672c\u5f81\u5b87\u79f0;<\/p>\n<p>(11)\u5eb7\u666e\u987f\u6563\u5c04\u6e6e\u6ca1\u5149\u5b50\u7684\u89d2\u4f5c\u7528\u548c\u9690\u53d8\u91cf;<\/p>\n<p>(12)\u8840\u7ea2\u86cb\u767d;<\/p>\n<p>(13)\u6b63\u7535\u5b50\u5076;<\/p>\n<p>(14)\u7c92\u5b50\u63a2\u6d4b\u548c\u4eea\u5668;<\/p>\n<p>(15) \u8d85\u4f4e\u6e29\u6838\u7269\u7406, \u7b49\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5434\u5065\u96c4\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u53d1\u73b0, \u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u9ad8\u7ea7\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50, \u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u505a\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7814\u7a76, \u4e5f\u6240\u77e5\u4e0d\u591a\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u60f3\u4e86\u89e3, \u4e5f\u4e0d\u90a3\u4e48\u5bb9\u6613\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5434\u5065\u96c4\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u8d21\u732e, \u4e00\u822c\u4eba\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u52a0\u5dde\u7406\u5de5\u5b66\u9662\u7684\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5956\u83b7\u5f97\u8005\u798f\u52d2(William A.Fowler)\u89c2\u5bdf\u540e\u8bf4:\u201c\u5979\u7684\u03b2\u8870\u53d8\u7814\u7a76\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u601d\u8bae\u7684\u7cbe\u5bc6\u5ea6, \u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u4e5f\u505a\u540c\u4e00\u9886\u57df\u7684\u7814\u7a76, \u5979\u6bd4\u6211\u4eec\u505a\u5f97\u597d\u2026\u2026\u90a3\u4e9b\u60f3\u91cd\u590d\u5979\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0e\u5979\u7ade\u4e89\u7684\u4eba, \u53d1\u73b0\u5979\u603b\u662f\u5bf9\u7684\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/p9.itc.cn\/q_70\/images03\/20230217\/4343c01874a94673be0bcdee4a9ffef8.jpeg\" width=\"432\" height=\"484\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u5434\u5065\u96c4\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u662f\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u53f2\u4e2d\u4e0d\u53ef\u5ffd\u7565\u7684\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891<\/p>\n<p>5.\u5979\u662f\u540c\u65f6\u4ee3\u534e\u4eba\u5973\u6027\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u6770\u51fa\u4ee3\u8868,\u662f\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u65cf\u6c38\u8fdc\u7684\u9a84\u50b2<\/p>\n<p>\u5973\u6027\u63a5\u53d7\u79d1\u5b66\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u5e76\u8fdb\u5165\u5230\u5b66\u672f\u754c, \u5728\u4e16\u754c\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u90fd\u662f\u6bd4\u8f83\u665a\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6cd5\u56fd\u57281861\u5e74, \u82f1\u56fd\u57281878\u5e74, \u610f\u5927\u5229\u57281885\u5e74, \u5f00\u59cb\u5141\u8bb8\u5973\u6027\u8fdb\u5165\u5927\u5b66\u5b66\u4e60\u3002\u4f46\u76f4\u523019\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b20\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d, \u5973\u6027\u8fdb\u5165\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u4ecd\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u56f0\u96be\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f88\u80fd\u8bf4\u660e\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f, \u827e\u7c73\u00b7\u8bfa\u7279\u5c14(Emmy Noether)\u2014\u2014\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e2e\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u76f8\u5bf9\u8bba\u548c\u62bd\u8c61\u4ee3\u6570\u5b66\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u6570\u5b66\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u5973\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6, \u5979\u575a\u6301\u8bfb\u5b8c\u4e86\u5927\u5b66, \u5e76\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5979\u4ecd\u7136\u4e0d\u80fd\u8c0b\u5230\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u79cd\u5b66\u672f\u804c\u4f4d\u3002\u975e\u5e38\u8d4f\u8bc6\u8bfa\u7279\u5c14\u7684\u5927\u536b\u00b7\u5e0c\u5c14\u4f2f\u7279(\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u7684\u5f15\u529b\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u91cf\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u8005), \u57281915\u5e74\u9080\u8bf7\u5979\u52a0\u5165\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u54e5\u5ef7\u6839\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u4ed6\u8bd5\u56fe\u4e3a\u5979\u4e89\u53d6\u5230\u65e0\u507f\u8bb2\u8bfe\u7684\u6743\u5229, \u4f46\u6ca1\u6709\u6210\u529f\u3002\u5f00\u8bfe\u7684\u7533\u8bf7\u88ab\u5f53\u5c40\u4ee5\u201c\u4e0e\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0d\u76f8\u5b9c\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u201d\u4e3a\u7531\u800c\u62d2\u7edd\u4e86\u3002\u57281908\u5e74\u901a\u8fc7\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u6761\u4f8b\u89c4\u5b9a, \u53ea\u6709\u7537\u4eba\u624d\u6709\u5f00\u8bfe\u7684\u6743\u5229\u3002\u5728\u6559\u52a1\u4f1a\u4e0a, \u5e0c\u5c14\u4f2f\u7279\u6124\u6012\u5730\u8d23\u95ee:\u201c\u8fd9\u662f\u5927\u5b66, \u8fd8\u662f\u6fa1\u5802?\u201d \u30021918\u5e74, \u5987\u5973\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5730\u4f4d\u5f97\u5230\u6539\u5584\u3002\u7ecf\u8fc7\u6559\u52a1\u4f1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u53e3\u8bd5, \u8bfa\u7279\u5c14\u7ec8\u4e8e\u83b7\u5f97\u8bb2\u8bfe\u7684\u6743\u5229\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd, \u5973\u6027\u53d7\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u6743\u5229\u662f\u572819\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\u88ab\u63d0\u4e0a\u65e5\u7a0b\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1897\u5e74, \u6881\u542f\u8d85\u4f5c\u300a\u5021\u8bbe\u5973\u5b66\u5802\u542f\u300b\u6307\u51fa, \u529e\u5973\u5b66\u5802, \u4f7f\u5973\u5b50\u63a5\u53d7\u6559\u80b2, \u8fd9\u6837, \u201c\u4e0a\u53ef\u76f8\u592b, \u4e0b\u53ef\u6559\u5b50, \u8fd1\u53ef\u5b9c\u5bb6, \u8fdc\u53ef\u5584\u79cd\u3002\u5987\u9053\u65e2\u660c, \u5343\u5ba4\u826f\u5584\u201d \u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6574\u6574\u5341\u5e74\u540e, \u6881\u542f\u8d85\u4f5c\u300a\u5b66\u90e8\u594f\u5b9a\u5973\u5b50\u5e08\u8303\u5b66\u5802\u7ae0\u7a0b\u6298\u300b , \u5411\u671d\u5ead\u62a5\u544a\u8bf4:\u201c\u4eac\u5916\u81e3\u5de5\u6761\u594f\u8bf7\u529e\u5973\u5b66\u5802\u8005, \u4e0d\u6b62\u4e00\u4eba\u4e00\u6b21\u3002\u2026\u2026\u4e14\u8fd1\u6765\u4eac\u5916\u5b98\u5546\u58eb\u6c11\u521b\u7acb\u5973\u5b66\u5802, \u6240\u5728\u591a\u6709\u3002\u201d\u63d0\u51fa\u5236\u8ba2\u7ae0\u7a0b\u52a0\u4ee5\u89c4\u8303\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1919\u5e743\u6708, \u56fd\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u6559\u80b2\u90e8\u53d1\u5e03\u7684\u300a\u5168\u56fd\u6559\u80b2\u8ba1\u5212\u4e66\u300b\u63d0\u51fa, \u5728\u5317\u4eac\u7b79\u8bbe\u4e00\u6240\u5973\u5b50\u9ad8\u7b49\u5e08\u8303\u5b66\u6821, \u4ee5\u5e94\u65f6\u52bf\u4e4b\u9700, \u4ee5\u540e\u518d\u5728\u5404\u7701\u62e9\u8981\u589e\u8bbe\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1920\u5e74\u590f, \u5357\u4eac\u9ad8\u7b49\u5e08\u8303\u5b66\u6821\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u5b66\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u9996\u5f00\u5973\u7981, \u62db\u6536\u6b63\u5f0f\u5973\u751f8\u540d\u3001\u65c1\u542c\u751f50\u540d, \u4e0e\u7537\u751f\u540c\u5802\u5b66\u4e60, \u5f15\u8d77\u793e\u4f1a\u8f70\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ece\u8fd9\u91cc\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230, \u5355\u5c31\u65f6\u95f4\u6765\u8bf4, \u5728\u4e2d\u56fd, \u5973\u6027\u8fdb\u5165\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u9886\u57df\u6bd4\u897f\u65b9\u665a\u4e0d\u4e86\u591a\u5c11\u3002\u4f46\u662f, \u7531\u4e8e\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u53d1\u5c55\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u843d\u540e, \u5973\u6027\u53d7\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u666e\u904d\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0e\u897f\u65b9\u6bd4, \u6709\u975e\u5e38\u5927\u7684\u5dee\u8ddd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u534e\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4, \u4ea7\u751f\u4e16\u754c\u6027\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5f71\u54cd\u662f\u4ee5\u63a5\u53d7\u897f\u65b9\u79d1\u5b66\u6559\u80b2\u4e3a\u524d\u63d0\u7684\u3002\u534e\u4eba\u5973\u6027\u51fa\u56fd\u7559\u5b66\u523020\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u59cb\u6709\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5434\u5065\u96c41930\u5e74\u8fdb\u5165\u56fd\u7acb\u4e2d\u592e\u5927\u5b66(\u5357\u9ad8\u5e08\u662f\u5176\u524d\u8eab)\u8bfb\u4e66, 1934 \u5e74\u6bd5\u4e1a\u3002\u6b63\u662f\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e2d\u56fd\u73b0\u4ee3\u5973\u5b50\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u53d1\u6e90\u5730\u4e4b\u4e00, \u5979\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5f53\u65f6\u56fd\u5185\u6700\u597d\u7684\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u3002\u6bd5\u4e1a\u4ee5\u540e\u5148\u5230\u6d59\u6c5f\u5927\u5b66\u505a\u4e86\u4e00\u5e74\u52a9\u6559;\u540e\u5230\u4e0a\u6d77, \u8fdb\u5165\u8bbe\u5728\u4e9a\u5c14\u57f9\u8def\u7684\u4e2d\u592e\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u7269\u7406\u7814\u7a76\u6240, \u5728\u6211\u56fd\u7b2c\u4e00\u4ee3\u6d77\u5916\u7559\u5b66\u5f52\u6765\u7684\u5973\u535a\u58eb\u987e\u9759\u5fbd\u5973\u58eb\u9886\u5bfc\u4e0b\u4ece\u4e8b\u5149\u8c31\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u30021936 \u5e74, \u5434\u5065\u96c4\u8d74\u7f8e\u7559\u5b66, \u5979\u5e94\u8be5\u7b97\u4f5c\u534e\u4eba\u5973\u5b50\u5411\u6d77\u5916\u6c42\u5b66\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4ee3\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5973\u5b50\u6d77\u5916\u6c42\u5b66\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4ee3\u4eba\u4e2d\u9664\u4e86\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u987e\u9759\u5fbd, \u8fd8\u6709\u9769\u547d\u5bb6\u79cb\u747e, \u6587\u5b66\u5bb6\u9648\u8861\u54f2(1921\u5e74\u65f6\u7684\u4e1c\u5357\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\u3001\u4e5f\u662f\u5168\u56fd\u552f\u4e00\u4e00\u4f4d\u534e\u4eba\u5973\u6559\u6388)\u7b49\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u4ee3\u5973\u5b50\u5728\u6d77\u5916\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2, \u56de\u5230\u56fd\u5185, \u6216\u6295\u8eab\u9769\u547d, \u63a8\u52a8\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65;\u6216\u8fdb\u5165\u4e86\u5927\u5b66\u548c\u5b66\u672f\u754c, \u8d77\u4e86\u4f20\u64ad\u85aa\u706b\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u5434\u5065\u96c4\u8fd9\u4e00\u4ee3\u534e\u4eba\u5973\u6027\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e2d, 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