{"id":41484,"date":"2025-01-15T17:22:54","date_gmt":"2025-01-15T09:22:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/?p=41484"},"modified":"2025-01-15T17:23:16","modified_gmt":"2025-01-15T09:23:16","slug":"%e7%bc%aa%e5%93%b2%ef%bc%9a%e6%b1%89%e4%bb%a3%e5%a5%87%e8%bf%b9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/?p=41484","title":{"rendered":"\u7f2a\u54f2\uff1a\u6c49\u4ee3\u5947\u8ff9"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u4f5c\u8005: 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\u65e7\u7684\u751f\u7406\u2014\u2014\u5fc3\u7406\u8fd8\u539f\u53f2\u89c2\uff08bio-phychological reductionism\uff09\uff0c\u529b\u56fe\u4ece\u5386\u53f2\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u8003\u6c42\u4e2d\u56fd\u7ed8\u753b\u4e4b\u8d77\u6e90\uff1a<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u4e2d\u56fd\u827a\u672f\u4e0d\u59cb\u4e8e\u72b6\u7269\uff0c\u800c\u59cb\u4e8e\u6570\u5343\u5e74\u524d\u7684\u7eb9\u6837\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff1b\u8fd9\u8bbe\u8ba1\u662f\u5e08\u5fc3\u81ea\u8fd0\u7684\uff0c\u672a\u5c1d\u53d7\u6a21\u4eff\u81ea\u7136\u6240\u5fc5\u52a0\u7684\u7f81\u7eca\u3002\u5927\u7ea6\u81f3\u897f\u6c49\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u8fd9\u5e08\u5fc3\u81ea\u8fd0\u7684\u201c\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e4b\u81ea\u7531\u201d\uff0c\u65b9\u8ba9\u4f4d\u7ed9\u4ee5\u5448\u73b0\u773c\u4e2d\u7269\u8c61\u4e3a\u52a8\u673a\u7684\u201c\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0d\u81ea\u7531\u201d\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u827a\u672f\u7684\u547d\u8fd0\u6027\u8f6c\u6298\u3002\u8fd9\u4ee5\u5e94\u7269\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5448\u73b0\u5916\u5728\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u827a\u672f\uff0c\u5bf9\u4eba\u7684\u89c6\u89c9\u77e5\u8bc6\u4e0e\u60f3\u8c61\u7686\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u7a7a\u524d\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff1b\u5bf9\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u5148\u950b\u827a\u672f\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u8fd9\u8981\u6c42\u7adf\u5982\u6b64\u4e4b\u751a\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u90a3\u4e45\u65e0\u5bf9\u624b\u7684\uff08\u5546\u5468\uff09\u7eb9\u6837\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u8001\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u4fbf\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u5730\u88ab\u65a5\u9010\u4e8e\u65c1\u3002\uff08MaxLoehr, 1980, 9\uff09<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http:\/\/5b0988e595225.cdn.sohucs.com\/images\/20181128\/4530e725e6cc4f0fb2e6d96df0252ca7.jpeg\" width=\"640\" height=\"238\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u6bb7\u589f\u6f06\u5668\u4e0a\u7684\u7eb9\u6837<\/p>\n<p>\u6587\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u7eb9\u6837\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u72b6\u7269\u201d\uff0c\u82e5\u6211\u4eec\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u5236\u5ea6\u5316\u7684\u6587\u5316\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u5373\u5174\u7684\u672c\u80fd\u6d41\u9732\uff0c\u7f57\u6a3e\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\uff0c\u4fbf\u6070\u7b26\u5408\u8003\u53e4\u6750\u6599\u6240\u5448\u73b0\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u827a\u672f\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u8282\u594f\u3002\u4f46\u9057\u61be\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7f57\u6a3e\u90a3\u53cc\u66fe\u8fa8\u6790\u51fa\u5546\u4ee3\u9752\u94dc\u98ce\u683c\u6f14\u53d8\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u9510\u773c\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u4ec5\u6295\u4e86\u5306\u5306\u4e00\u77a5\uff0c\u5bf9\u8fd9\u8f6c\u5316\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\u3001\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u672a\u505a\u8be6\u5bc6\u89c2\u5bdf\u3002\u76d6\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u827a\u672f\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u72b9\u5728\u8d77\u6b65\u9636\u6bb5\uff1b\u7f57\u6a3e\u3001\u65b9\u95fb\u4e00\u4ee3\u827a\u672f\u5bb6\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u5fc3\uff0c\u4fbf\u662f\u786e\u7acb\u4e2d\u56fd\u827a\u672f\u98ce\u683c\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u81f3\u4e8e\u5177\u4f53\u98ce\u683c\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u673a\u5236\u3001\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5219\u65e0\u6687\u53ca\u4e5f\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5728\u5176\u5b66\u672f\u751f\u6daf\u7684\u665a\u671f\uff0c\u65b9\u95fb\u6559\u6388\u4ea6\u5c1d\u5173\u6ce8\u7ed8\u753b\u4f20\u7edf\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u4e0e\u65e9\u671f\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5982\u9664\u64b0\u5199\u300a\u6c49\u5510\u5947\u8ff9\u300b\u4e00\u6587\u5916\uff08\u6536\u5165Wen C. Fong, 2014\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u8fd8\u8ba1\u5212\u4ee5\u6b64\u4e3a\u4e3b\u9898\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5176\u5e73\u751f\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b21\u5b66\u672f\u7279\u5c55\uff0c\u4f46\u65b0\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u5df2\u628a\u5bf9\u98ce\u683c\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u6295\u5165\u4e86\u6b7b\u6c34\uff1b\u968f\u7740\u4ed6\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5176\u6bbf\u519b\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u827a\u672f\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u5386\u53f2\u6027\u8f6c\u6298\uff0c\u5373\u7eb9\u6837\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u7ed8\u753b\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u8bde\u751f\uff0c\u6050\u5c06\u6de1\u51fa\u4e2d\u56fd\u827a\u672f\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u89c6\u91ce\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u5982\u7f57\u6a3e\u4e94\u5341\u5e74\u524d\u6240\u89c2\u5bdf\u7684\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u5236\u5ea6\u6027\u7684\u6587\u5316\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7ed8\u753b\u4e43\u6e90\u4e8e\u6218\u56fd\uff0c\u786e\u7acb\u4e8e\u6c49\u4ee3\u3002\u4ece\u5927\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8282\u594f\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u6240\u4f53\u73b0\u7684\uff0c\u53ef\u79f0\u201c\u5546\u5468\u7eb9\u6837\u4f20\u7edf\u5411\u6c49\u5510\u72b6\u7269\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u9769\u547d\u6027\u8f6c\u6298\u201d\u3002\u4ea6\u5982\u7f57\u6a3e\u6240\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u8f6c\u6298\uff1a<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u5e76\u975e\u81ea\u52a8\u800c\u6709\u3002\u5b83\u6587\u5316\u82e6\u640f\u7684\u6210\u679c\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u827a\u672f\u5bb6\u987b\u4e0e\u5148\u524d\u7684\u6210\u5c31\u505a\u7406\u6027\u7684\u3001\u6279\u5224\u6027\u5bf9\u8bdd\uff0c\u59cb\u53ef\u786e\u7acb\u5176\u81ea\u8eab\u3002<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\u8fd9\u201c\u82e6\u640f\u201d\u6240\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u827a\u672f\u53f2\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u8ba4\u77e5\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u9769\u547d\u6027\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff1b\u6545\u4f53\u73b0\u4e8e\u827a\u672f\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f53\u73b0\u4e8e\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u601d\u60f3\u3001\u6587\u5b66\u4e0e\u79d1\u6280\u3002\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89d2\u5ea6\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b83\u8fd1\u4e8e\u8d21\u5e03\u91cc\u5e0c\u79f0\u7684radical reorientation of perception\uff08\u611f\u77e5\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u5267\u70c8\u8f6c\u5411\uff09\uff0c\u6545\u53ef\u79f0\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u660e\u53f2\u4e0a\u6700\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u201c\u521b\u65b0\u201d\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u7f57\u6a3e\u5bf9\u8fd9\u8f6c\u6298\u7684\u53d1\u9732\uff0c\u867d\u5df2\u8fc7\u53bb\u534a\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u4f46\u8fa8\u6790\u5176\u5f62\u5f0f\u8f6c\u6298\u4e4b\u75d5\uff0c\u63ed\u793a\u4fc3\u6210\u8f6c\u6298\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0e\u6587\u5316\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u4eca\u5929\u4ecd\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u65e9\u671f\u827a\u672f\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4fbf\u662f\u5728\u540e\u4e00\u65b9\u5411\u4e0a\u6240\u505a\u7684\u521d\u6b65\u5c1d\u8bd5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e8c<\/p>\n<p>\u7eb9\u6837\u827a\u672f\u662f\u81ea\u6210\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u827a\u672f\u3002\u5728\u827a\u672f\u5bb6\u773c\u4e2d\uff0c\u5176\u65bd\u523b\u6216\u65bd\u7ed8\u7684\u9762\u4e43\u4e8c\u7ef4\u6027\u5e73\u9762\uff1b\u5f62\u5f0f\u8981\u7d20\u4e4b\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e3b\u8981\u4f9d\u636e\u5e73\u8861\u3001\u5bf9\u79f0\u3001\u91cd\u590d\u3001\u547c\u5e94\u3001\u8fde\u7eed\u3001\u4e2d\u65ad\u7b49\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u4e0d\u610f\u56fe\u4e0e\u73b0\u5b9e\u5339\u914d\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http:\/\/5b0988e595225.cdn.sohucs.com\/images\/20181128\/a9401a7766e242d680afafb2a4abdb92.jpeg\" width=\"640\" height=\"648\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u5546\u4ee3\u5f69\u7ed8\u94dc\u8c46\u7ebf\u63cf\uff08\u6bb7\u589f\u51fa\u571f\uff09\uff0c\u9075\u5faa\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u539f\u5219<\/p>\n<p>\u72b6\u7269\u827a\u672f\u2014\u2014\u6216\u897f\u65b9\u79f0\u7684\u518d\u73b0\u827a\u672f\uff08representational art\uff09\u2014\u2014\u5219\u76f8\u53cd\uff1a\u5176\u65bd\u7ed8\u6216\u65bd\u523b\u7684\u9762\u88ab\u60f3\u8c61\u4e3a\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u6545\u9664\u5e73\u9762\u4e8c\u7ef4\u5916\uff0c\u5b83\u53c8\u8bd5\u56fe\u2014\u2014\u6216\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u6216\u4e0d\u6210\u529f\u2014\u2014\u201c\u865a\u62df\u201d\u4e00\u6df1\u5ea6\u4e4b\u7ef4\uff1b\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u8981\u7d20\u4e0e\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u4ea6\u65e8\u5728\u4e0e\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u7269\u8c61\u76f8\u5339\u914d\uff0c\u5982\u4e00\u4eba\u6267\u676f\uff0c\u4e8c\u4eba\u5bf9\u8c08\uff0c\u4e09\u4eba\u7b56\u9a6c\u7b49\u3002\u5bf9\u672a\u56e0\u793e\u4f1a\u5206\u5de5\u800c\u4e2a\u4eba\u5316\uff08individualism\uff09\u7684\u53e4\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u8fd9\u7531\u7eb9\u6837\u5411\u72b6\u7269\u7684\u8f6c\u5411\uff0c\u610f\u4e49\u81ea\u8fdc\u751a\u4e8e\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u897f\u65b9\u827a\u672f\u7531\u5199\u5b9e\u5411\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u8f6c\u6298\u3002\u76d6\u540e\u8005\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4e00\u573a\u827a\u672f\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u5219\u662f\u4e00\u6587\u660e\u96c6\u4f53\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u8f6c\u6298\uff0c\u5373\u529b\u56fe\u4f7f\u4eba\u9020\u7684\u79e9\u5e8f\uff0c\u4e0e\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u76f8\u5339\u914d\u3001\u76f8\u534f\u8c03\u6216\u76f8\u7b26\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http:\/\/5b0988e595225.cdn.sohucs.com\/images\/20181128\/333ab4656b644e0a9a7aeced1c300b10.jpeg\" width=\"640\" height=\"942\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u6218\u56fd\u5d4c\u7eb9\u58f6\u7ebf\u63cf\uff08\u6bb7\u589f\u51fa\u571f\uff0c\u539f\u7269\u85cf\u6cd5\u56fd\u96c6\u7f8e\u535a\u7269\u9986\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u4efb\u4f55\u827a\u672f\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u90fd\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u5fc3\u7406\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u5f62\u5f0f\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u6f14\u5316\u3002\u5b83\u5fc5\u7136\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0e\u5177\u4f53\u793e\u4f1a\u60c5\u666f\u7684\u534f\u5546\u800c\u5c55\u5f00\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u534f\u5546\uff0c\u53c8\u5f80\u5f80\u6216\u5f3a\u5316\u3001\u6216\u5f31\u5316\u3001\u6216\u6539\u53d8\u3001\u6216\u626d\u66f2\u5f62\u5f0f\u6f14\u8fdb\u7684\u5185\u5728\u52a8\u52bf\u3002\u72b6\u7269\u4f20\u7edf\u5728\u6218\u56fd\u79e6\u6c49\u95f4\u7684\u53d1\u7aef\u4e0e\u5efa\u7acb\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u5982\u7eb9\u6837\u5411\u72b6\u7269\u7684\u8f6c\u6298\uff0c\u867d\u59cb\u4e8e\u6218\u56fd\u4e4b\u521d\uff0c\u7136\u8fdf\u81f3\u897f\u6c49\u4e2d\u53f6\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6216\u56e0\u5916\u5728\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u673a\u5236\u4e4b\u7ea6\u675f\uff0c\u72b6\u7269\u4e0e\u7eb9\u6837\u59cb\u7ec8\u662f\u76f8\u7ea0\u7ed3\u7684\uff0c\u5982\u6742\u5408\u4e8c\u8005\u4e8e\u4e00\u56fe\u3001\u72b6\u7269\u7684\u7eb9\u6837\u5316\u6216\u7eb9\u6837\u7684\u72b6\u7269\u5316\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u540e\u8005\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u501f\u7f57\u6a3e\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\uff1a<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u4ed4\u7ec6\u89c2\u5bdf\uff0c\u4fbf\u77e5\u8fd9\u56fe\u6837\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u4e00\u6761\u9f99\u22ef\u22ef\u4f46\u4e0d\u540c\u5bfb\u5e38\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5b83\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u751f\u7269\u7684\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u7eb9\u6837\u7684\uff1b\u5176\u5f62\u8c61\u867d\u542b\u6df7\uff0c\u5374\u4ecd\u6709\u5145\u6ee1\u751f\u547d\u7684\u5916\u89c2\u3002\u22ef\u22ef\u4ece\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u751f\u547d\u7684\u7eb9\u6837\u3002\uff08Max Loehr, \u201cThe Fate of Ornament in ChineseArt,\u201d Archives of Asian Art 21 (1967-68), pp.12-13\uff09<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http:\/\/5b0988e595225.cdn.sohucs.com\/images\/20181128\/4c9260e60e554ad5ad989990763681a8.jpeg\" width=\"640\" height=\"642\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u6218\u56fd\u9f99\u7eb9\u955c\uff0c\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u72b6\u7269\u4e0e\u7eb9\u6837\u7684\u7ea0\u7ed3<\/p>\n<p>\u63cf\u8ff0\u867d\u9488\u5bf9\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u9f99\u7eb9\uff0c\u4f46\u89e3\u4f5c\u5bf9\u6b64\u65f6\u671f\u827a\u672f\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u5f52\u7eb3\uff0c\u4ea6\u65e0\u4e0d\u53ef\uff1a\u521b\u4f5c\u7684\u52a8\u673a\uff0c\u4ecd\u6447\u6446\u4e8e\u7eb9\u6837\u4e0e\u72b6\u7269\u4e4b\u95f4\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u7279\u70b9\uff0c\u4f3c\u53c8\u4e0e\u5f53\u65f6\u827a\u672f\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u76f8\u9002\u5207\u3002\u76d6\u6218\u56fd\u827a\u672f\u7684\u8d5e\u52a9\u8005\uff0c\u6216\u5217\u56fd\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\u9636\u5c42\uff0c\u539f\u65e0\u751a\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\uff0c\u552f\u4ee5\u4e89\u7ade\u3001\u51cc\u8d8a\u4e3a\u8ffd\u6c42\u3002\u827a\u672f\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4fbf\u4e3b\u8981\u4e3a\u5730\u4f4d\u3001\u8d22\u5bcc\u7684\u6807\u8bc6\uff0c\u6216\u4e89\u7ade\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u5982\u5305\u534e\u77f3\u603b\u7ed3\u7684\uff1a<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u827a\u672f\u54c1\uff08artifacts\uff09\u4ece\u4e0d\u662f\u4e2d\u6027\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u6750\u6599\u6709\u8d35\u8d31\uff0c\u82b1\u8d39\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u6709\u591a\u5c11\uff0c\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6280\u5de7\u3001\u77e5\u8bc6\u4e0e\u5320\u610f\u6709\u9ad8\u4f4e\u3002\u8fd9\u4fbf\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u5c3a\u5ea6\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u6a21\u677f\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u98ce\u683c\u7684\u63d0\u70bc\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u4ef7\u503c\u4fbf\u6295\u5c04\u4e8e\u7269\u8d28\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e86\u3002\uff08Martin J. Powers, 2006, p.2\uff09<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\u7136\u5219\u6700\u4e3a\u5730\u4f4d\u6216\u8d44\u6e90\u63a7\u5236\u4e4b\u6807\u8bc6\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u6750\u6599\u7684\u73cd\u7a00\u3001\u5de5\u827a\u7684\u590d\u6742\u4e0e\u98ce\u683c\u7684\u7e41\u5bcc\u3002\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\uff0c\u4e5f\u6070\u662f\u6218\u56fd\u827a\u672f\u7684\u603b\u7279\u70b9\u3002\u5982\u4ec5\u5c31\u88c5\u9970\u7684\u56fe\u6848\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u7eb9\u6837\u4e0d\u53d7\u201c\u6a21\u4eff\u6240\u5fc5\u52a0\u7684\u7f81\u7eca\u201d\uff0c\u6709\u201c\u5e08\u5fc3\u81ea\u8fd0\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u201d\uff0c\u6545\u6700\u6613\u5448\u73b0\u5de5\u827a\u7684\u590d\u6742\u4e0e\u98ce\u683c\u7684\u7e41\u590d\u3002\u72b6\u7269\u827a\u672f\u6e90\u4e8e\u6625\u79cb\u6218\u56fd\u4e4b\u4ea4\uff0c\u7136\u7ec8\u6218\u56fd\u4e8c\u767e\u5e74\uff0c\u5374\u59cb\u7ec8\u672a\u8131\u8001\u7684\u7eb9\u6837\u503e\u5411\uff0c\u63c6\u60c5\u5ea6\u7406\uff0c\u539f\u56e0\u6216\u5728\u4e8e\u5176\u793e\u4f1a\u529f\u80fd\u6240\u52a0\u7684\u6469\u64e6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6218\u56fd\u827a\u672f\u4ee5\u695a\u98ce\u683c\u4e3a\u4e3b\u5bfc\u3002\u5176\u6447\u6446\u4e8e\u7eb9\u6837\u4e0e\u72b6\u7269\u7684\u7279\u70b9\uff0c\u5e76\u672a\u968f\u897f\u6c49\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\u800c\u4ea1\uff0c\u800c\u8f6c\u4e3a\u6c49\u521d\u6240\u7ee7\u627f\u3002\u539f\u56e0\u56fa\u4e00\u662f\u9ad8\u7956\u4e0e\u529f\u81e3\u7686\u695a\u4eba\uff0c\u597d\u695a\u98ce\uff0c\u4f46\u5c24\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u5219\u662f\u6c49\u521d\u81f3\u6587\u666f\uff0c\u6c49\u5ef7\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\u662f\u5c1a\u65e0\u4e3a\u3001\u5d07\u9ec4\u8001\u7684\u3002\u6309\u9ec4\u8001\u662f\u7edf\u6cbb\u672f\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\uff1b\u5e76\u4e14\u6309\u9ec4\u8001\u7684\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u827a\u672f\u4e5f\u53ea\u6709\u6d88\u6781\u7684\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u5373\u201c\u5962\u9761\u591a\u4e8b\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u6c49\u521d\u7684\u827a\u672f\uff0c\u4fbf\u4e3b\u8981\u5ef6\u7eed\u4e86\u695a\u827a\u672f\u7684\u60ef\u6027\u2014\u2014\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e00\u89d2\u5ea6\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u6c49\u4ee3\u7684\u827a\u672f\u201d\uff0c\u539f\u4e0d\u5fc5\u4e0e\u201c\u6c49\u4ee3\u827a\u672f\u201d\u540c\u4e49\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u6218\u56fd\u4ee5\u6765\u4e0d\u65ad\u79ef\u84c4\u7684\u72b6\u7269\u201c\u52a8\u52bf\u201d\uff08monentum\uff09\uff0c\u53c8\u6301\u7eed\u6709\u53d1\u8212\u3002\u5982\u539f\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u7eb9\u6837\uff0c\u4fbf\u5f80\u5f80\u5e94\u5176\u6d41\u52a8\u4e4b\u52bf\uff0c\u800c\u53d8\u5f62\u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u72b6\u7269\u8981\u7d20\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u81f3\u897f\u6c49\u521d\u4e2d\u53f6\uff0c\u6216\u56e0\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u52a8\u91cf\uff0c\u7531\u7eb9\u6837\u5411\u72b6\u7269\u7684\u8f6c\u6298\uff0c\u4fbf\u8fdb\u5165\u4e86\u201c\u7834\u5c40\u70b9\u201d\u3002\u552f\u4e00\u6b20\u7f3a\u7684\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u201c\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u7684\u4e1c\u98ce\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e09<\/p>\n<p>\u7efc\u5408\u8003\u53e4\u4e0e\u6587\u732e\u8bb0\u8f7d\uff0c\u5219\u77e5\u7531\u7eb9\u6837\u5411\u72b6\u7269\u7684\u8f6c\u6298\u2014\u2014\u6216\u4e2d\u56fd\u7ed8\u753b\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u786e\u7acb\uff0c\u662f\u897f\u6c49\u4e2d\u540e\u53f6\u59cb\u544a\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u65b0\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u4e43\u6218\u56fd\u4ee5\u6765\u6240\u79ef\u84c4\u7684\u518d\u73b0\u52a8\u91cf\u4e0e\u6b64\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u2014\u2014\u793e\u4f1a\u9700\u6c42\u76f8\u8d8b\u540c\u3001\u76f8\u534f\u5546\u3001\u76f8\u4fc3\u8fdb\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u76d6\u6b66\u5e1d\u9edc\u767e\u5bb6\u3001\u5c0a\u5112\u672f\u540e\uff0c\u6c49\u4ee3\u59cb\u83b7\u5f97\u5176\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u79e6\u53ca\u6c49\u521d\u6240\u5c0a\u7684\u6cd5\u5bb6\u4e0e\u9ec4\u8001\uff0c\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u5e76\u975e\u9690\u79d8\u7684\u3001\u4e3a\u541b\u4e3b\u72ec\u5360\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\u672f\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u683c\u5179\u79f0\u7684\u201c\u6587\u5316\u7cfb\u7edf\u201d\uff08cultural 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antipide\uff09\u2014\u2014\u541b\u4e3b\u2014\u2014\u5b9e\u73b0\u5176\u610f\u5fd7\uff08\u201c\u5929\u547d\u201d\uff09\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u7ecf\u5b66\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u4fbf\u5f52\u7ea6\u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c\u5bb6\u65cf\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u2014\u2014\u5982\u4e09\u7687\u4e94\u5e1d\u2014\u2014\u201c\u5e94\u671f\u201d\u7edf\u6cbb\u7684\u53d9\u4e8b\u3002\u81f3\u5982\u4eca\u5929\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u7406\u89e3\u7684\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u4e43\u975e\u4eba\u683c\u5316\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u529b\u91cf\u2014\u2014\u5982\u5236\u5ea6\u673a\u5236\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u57fa\u7840\u3001\u4e0a\u5c42\u5efa\u7b51\u2014\u2014\u4e92\u52a8\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u662f\u6c49\u4eba\u6240\u4e0d\u77e5\u7684\u3002\u6653\u55bb\u6b64\u4e49\uff0c\u59cb\u8db3\u4e0e\u8a00\u6c49\u753b\u50cf\u4e2d\u7684\u53e4\u5e1d\u738b\u3002\u76d6\u5982\u7f57\u9a6c\u7684\u514b\u91cc\u5965\u96d5\u50cf\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u6c49\u4ee3\u53e4\u5e1d\u738b\u753b\u50cf\u6240\u8868\u73b0\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u4eca\u5929\u6240\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5386\u53f2\u672c\u8eab\u3002\u81f3\u4e8e\u4e8c\u8005\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u8981\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u5f80\u5f80\u5448\u73b0\u4e3a\u4ee5\u541b\u4e3b\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u2014\u2014\u793c\u4eea\u8eab\u4f53\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u793c\u4eea\u6f14\u51fa\uff0c\u5982\u796d\u7956\u5148\uff08\u541b\u4e3b\u4e49\u52a1\uff09\uff0c\u4eb2\u8695\u7ec7\uff08\u540e\u5983\u4e49\u52a1\uff09\uff0c\u670d\u56db\u5937\uff0c\u5316\u8fdc\u4eba\u7b49\uff08\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e0e\u56db\u65b9\uff09\uff1b\u5219\u77e5\u4ea6\u7686\u6709\u53d9\u4e8b\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u3002\u8981\u4e4b\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0a\uff0c\u6218\u56fd\u4ee5\u6765\u7684\u201c\u518d\u73b0\u610f\u5fd7\u201d\u4e0e\u6c49\u4ee3\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u7684\u6784\u5efa\u65b9\u5f0f\u76f8\u8d8b\u540c\uff0c\u5728\u5185\u5bb9\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e5f\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u8fde\u8d2f\u7684\u3001\u53ef\u8fa9\u62a4\u4e3a\u201c\u6b63\u5f53\u201d\u7684\u56fe\u50cf\u5fd7\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u5f20\u5f66\u8fdc\u79f0\u201c\u753b\u8005\uff0c\u6210\u6559\u5316\uff0c\u52a9\u4eba\u4f26\uff0c\u7a77\u795e\u53d8\uff0c\u6d4b\u5e7d\u5fae\u201d\uff0c\u4fbf\u662f\u4ee5\u6b64\u3002\u8fd9\u201c\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u8d8b\u540c\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u6b63\u5f53\u201d\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u5546\u5468\u7eb9\u6837\u4f20\u7edf\u5411\u6c49\u5510\u72b6\u7269\u4f20\u7edf\u8f6c\u6298\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http:\/\/5b0988e595225.cdn.sohucs.com\/images\/20181128\/0d8c2de6476c4e04bf5ba87217ee86ad.jpeg\" width=\"640\" height=\"825\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u300a\u53e4\u5e1d\u738b\u56fe\u5377\u300b\u6c49\u5149\u6b66\u5e1d\u50cf\uff08\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u4e66\u683c\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u6c49\u4ee3\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u7684\u6784\u5efa\uff0c\u539f\u975e\u4e00\u65e5\u4e4b\u529f\u3002\u6982\u7565\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u6784\u5efa\u59cb\u4e8e\u6b66\u5e1d\uff08\u524d\u4e00\u56db\u4e00\u81f3\u524d\u516b\u5341\u4e03\uff09\uff0c\u52a0\u901f\u4e8e\u5143\u5e1d\u3001\u6210\u5e1d\uff08\u524d\u56db\u5341\u4e5d\u81f3\u524d\u4e03\uff09\uff0c\u5b8c\u6210\u4e8e\u738b\u83bd\uff08\u524d\u4e00\u81f3\u4e8c\u5341\u4e09\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3a\u4e1c\u6c49\u6240\u7ee7\u627f\u3002\u6839\u636e\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u201c\u5229\u76ca\u201d\uff08interests theory\uff09\u4e0e\u201c\u5f20\u529b\u201d\u8bf4\uff08strain theory\uff09\uff0c\u6b66\u5e1d\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u8fd1\u4e8e\u524d\u8005\uff0c\u5373\u4ee5\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u4e3a\u6b66\u5668\uff0c\u786e\u7acb\u6c49\u5bb6\u7edf\u6cbb\u7684\u795e\u5723\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u6709\u6548\u63a8\u884c\u5176\u5185\u5916\u653f\u7b56\u3002\u5143\u5e1d\u3001\u6210\u5e1d\u7684\u6784\u5efa\u8fd1\u4e8e\u540e\u8005\uff0c\u5373\u7ea0\u6b63\u6b66\u5e1d\u3001\u5ba3\u5e1d\u4ee5\u6765\u56e0\u8fc7\u5ea6\u201c\u6709\u4e3a\u201d\u6240\u84c4\u79ef\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u2014\u2014\u5fc3\u7406\u7684\u5931\u8861\u3002\u738b\u83bd\u7684\u6784\u5efa\uff0c\u5219\u8fd1\u4e8e\u4e8c\u8005\u7684\u6742\u7cc5\uff1a\u4e00\u9762\u91ca\u653e\u56e0\u7be1\u4f4d\u6240\u5bfc\u81f4\u793e\u4f1a\u2014\u2014\u5fc3\u7406\u4e4b\u7d27\u5f20\uff0c\u4e00\u9762\u63a8\u8fdb\u5176\u7be1\u4f4d\u4e8b\u4e1a\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u738b\u83bd\u906d\u9047\u7684\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u96be\u9898\uff0c\u5373\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\uff0c\u6545\u65e0\u8bba\u5f3a\u5ea6\u8fd8\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\uff0c\u5176\u6784\u5efa\u4fbf\u8fdc\u751a\u4e8e\u6b66\u5e1d\u4e0e\u5143\u5e1d\u3001\u6210\u5e1d\u3002\u4e0a\u4e3e\u4ee5\u201c\u5219\u5929\u2014\u2014\u7a3d\u53e4\u201d\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u7ecf\u5b66\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5176\u4f53\u73b0\u7684\u793c\u4eea\u4e0e\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u5373\u6089\u5b8c\u6210\u4e8e\u738b\u83bd\u4e4b\u624b\u3002\u4f46\u4e0e\u5176\u540c\u4ee3\u4eba\uff0c\u5373\u7f57\u9a6c\u6267\u653f\u5965\u53e4\u65af\u90fd\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u738b\u83bd\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4f53\u73b0\u4e8e\u65e0\u5f62\u7684\u5236\u4f5c\uff0c\u5982\u5236\u5ea6\u6539\u9769\u3001\u5386\u6cd5\u66f4\u5f20\u3001\u53e4\u53f2\u6784\u64b0\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f53\u73b0\u4e8e\u6709\u5f62\u7684\u5236\u4f5c\uff0c\u5982\u4eea\u5f0f\u3001\u8868\u6f14\u3001\u7269\u8d28\u4e0e\u89c6\u89c9\u3002\u76d6\u53ea\u6709\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u65e0\u5f62\u7684\u8fa9\u8bf4\uff0c\u65b9\u53ef\u83b7\u5f97\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u5916\u89c2\uff1b\u539f\u7c97\u7c9d\u7684\u3001\u6311\u6218\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u96be\u9898\uff0c\u4ea6\u53ef\u88ab\u7f8e\u5b66\u7684\u5149\u6655\u6240\u67d4\u5316\u6216\u6d88\u89e3\u3002\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u4e0e\u9ad8\u5e1d\u3001\u6b66\u5e1d\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u5236\u4f5c\u4e4b\u4e3b\u8981\u670d\u52a1\u4e8e\u529f\u80fd\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u738b\u83bd\u7684\u5236\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u63a8\u8fdb\u5176\u653f\u6cbb\u53ca\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u636e\u300a\u6c49\u4e66\u300b\uff0c\u4e3a\u63a8\u8fdb\u5176\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\uff0c\u738b\u83bd\u5174\u4f5c\u7684\u793c\u4eea\u5efa\u7b51\u4e0e\u8bbe\u65bd\uff0c\u7adf\u591a\u8fbe\u4e00\u5343\u4e03\u767e\u4f59\u6240\uff01\u8fd9\u662f\u6b66\u5e1d\u4ee5\u6765\u6c49\u4ee3\u7269\u8d28\u5236\u4f5c\u7684\u6700\u5927\u6d6a\u6f6e\uff1b\u4e0e\u5965\u53e4\u65af\u90fd\u4ee5\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u89c6\u89c9\u2014\u2014\u7269\u8d28\u5236\u4f5c\u63a8\u8fdb\u5176\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\uff0c\u53ef\u8c13\u5f02\u66f2\u540c\u5de5\u3002\u53ef\u60f3\u89c1\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4e3a\u51f8\u663e\u3001\u5f3a\u5316\u6216\u6e05\u6670\u5730\u8868\u8ff0\u5bd3\u4e8e\u5efa\u7b51\u4e2d\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u738b\u83bd\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5174\u4f5c\uff0c\u5fc5\u4f34\u4ee5\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u7ed8\u753b\u88c5\u9970\uff1b\u6b66\u5e1d\u4ee5\u6765\u7684\u7ed8\u753b\uff0c\u4ea6\u5fc5\u5e94\u738b\u83bd\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u65b9\u6848\u88ab\u6539\u9020\u3001\u88ab\u6574\u5408\u3001\u88ab\u7cfb\u7edf\u5316\u3002\u6216\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u6c49\u4ee3\u59cb\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u4e0e\u5176\u4f1f\u5927\u76f8\u822c\u914d\u7684\u827a\u672f\u2014\u2014\u72b6\u7269\u827a\u672f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u56db<\/p>\n<p>\u6536\u5165\u300a\u4ece\u7075\u5149\u6bbf\u5230\u6b66\u6881\u7960\u2014\u2014\u6c49\u4ee3\u5e1d\u56fd\u827a\u672f\u7684\u590d\u539f\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u8fc7\u53bb\u5341\u5e74\u6211\u9646\u7eed\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u4e00\u7ec4\u8bba\u6587\uff1b\u64b0\u5199\u65f6\u867d\u5355\u72ec\u6210\u7bc7\uff0c\u4f46\u63a2\u8ba8\u7684\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6545\u5408\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e13\u4e66\u8bfb\uff0c\u4ea6\u65e0\u4e0d\u53ef\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff1a\u5982\u4f55\u5229\u7528\u9c81\u4e2d\u5357\u4e1c\u6c49\u6c11\u95f4\u7960\u5802\u753b\u50cf\uff0c\u590d\u539f\u4e24\u6c49\u4e4b\u4ea4\u7684\u5bab\u5ef7\u7ed8\u753b\uff0c\u5e76\u501f\u6240\u590d\u539f\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u63ed\u793a\u4e2d\u56fd\u827a\u672f\u7531\u7eb9\u6837\u5411\u72b6\u7269\u8f6c\u6298\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u4e0e\u5236\u5ea6\u52a8\u529b\u3002\u4e3a\u4fbf\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u5179\u5c31\u6b64\u4e66\u7684\u7f18\u8d77\u7c97\u4f5c\u8bf4\u660e\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img 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