{"id":41523,"date":"2025-12-26T15:26:43","date_gmt":"2025-12-26T07:26:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/?p=41523"},"modified":"2025-12-26T15:26:43","modified_gmt":"2025-12-26T07:26:43","slug":"%e6%8b%89%e4%b8%81%e7%be%8e%e6%b4%b2%e7%9a%84%e8%90%a8%e6%bb%a1%e6%95%99","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/?p=41523","title":{"rendered":"\u62c9\u4e01\u7f8e\u6d32\u7684\u8428\u6ee1\u6559"},"content":{"rendered":"<section>\u6587: \u5f20\u9752\u4ec1\u00a0 \u00a0 \u6765\u6e90: \u8bfb\u4e66<\/section>\n<div class=\"main-container\">\n<div class=\"article-view\">\n<div class=\"article-main\">\n<div class=\"article-content\">\n<p>\u4e00\u56db\u4e5d\u4e8c\u5e74\u5341\u6708\u5341\u4e8c\u65e5\u7684\u51cc\u6668\u4e24\u70b9\uff0c\u5728\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u591a\u6708\u7684\u822a\u884c\u540e\uff0c\u54e5\u4f26\u5e03\u7ec8\u4e8e\u5230\u8fbe\u4e86\u5df4\u54c8\u9a6c\u7fa4\u5c9b\u7684\u201c\u534e\u7279\u6797\u5c9b\u201d\uff08Watling\uff09\uff0c\u5f00\u542f\u4e86\u5bf9\u201c\u65b0\u5927\u9646\u201d\u7684\u201c\u53d1\u73b0\u201d\u3002\u867d\u7136\u6b27\u7f8e\u5b66\u754c\u4e00\u76f4\u5c06\u54e5\u4f26\u5e03\u62b5\u8fbe\u7f8e\u6d32\u8ba4\u5b9a\u4e3a\u201c\u5c06\u7f8e\u6d32\u5927\u9646\u7eb3\u5165\u4eba\u7c7b\u6587\u660e\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u201d\uff0c\u5bf9\u739b\u96c5\u5730\u533a\u7684\u8003\u53e4\u53d1\u73b0\u5374\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u5730\u533a\u65e9\u5df2\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u4eba\u795e\u5171\u5b58\u3001\u4ea4\u76f8\u4e92\u60e0\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u8fd0\u4f5c\u4f53\u7cfb\uff08B\u00e1ez-Jorge\uff0cF\u00e9lix, Entre los naguales y los santos\uff0cXalapa\uff1aUniversidad Veracruzana\uff0c1998\uff0cp.155\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u519c\u4e1a\u793e\u4f1a\u57fa\u7840\u4e4b\u4e0a\u3001\u9ad8\u5ea6\u53d1\u8fbe\u7684\u6587\u660e\u4f53\u7cfb\u652f\u914d\u7740\u571f\u8457\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u4e0e\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u8d4b\u4e88\u571f\u8457\u793e\u4f1a\u6781\u5927\u7684\u97e7\u6027\u4e0e\u81ea\u8db3\u6027\u3002\u5f20\u5149\u76f4\u5148\u751f\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u5728\u5185\u7684\u62c9\u4e01\u7f8e\u6d32\uff0c\u8fdc\u53e4\u65f6\u671f\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u8fde\u7eed\u6027\u7684\u6587\u660e\u5f62\u6001\uff0c\u4ed6\u5f15\u7528\u7406\u67e5\u5fb7\u00b7\u6c64\u68ee\uff08Richard Townsend\uff09\u5173\u4e8e\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u6587\u660e\u7684\u8bba\u8ff0\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u4eba\u548c\u5b83\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u770b\u4f5c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u5408\u6027\u7684\u5b87\u5b99\u8bba\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u4ea6\u5373\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u5b87\u5b99\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u81ea\u7136\u73b0\u8c61\u88ab\u5f53\u4f5c\u662f\u4ece\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u8bf4\u662f\u795e\u5723\u7684\u3001\u6709\u751f\u547d\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e0e\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u53d1\u751f\u5bc6\u5207\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u3002\uff08\u5f20\u5149\u76f4\uff1a\u300a\u8003\u53e4\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u968f\u7b14\u300b\uff0c\u751f\u6d3b\u00b7\u8bfb\u4e66\u00b7\u65b0\u77e5\u4e09\u8054\u4e66\u5e97\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e5d\u4e5d\u5e74\uff0c57\u9875\uff09<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/img3.jiemian.com\/101\/original\/20211114\/163689547751221700_a700xH.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u7fa4\u7f8e\u6d32\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u770b\u7740\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0b\u65b9\u6d77\u6e7e\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u8258\u5e06\u8239\uff08\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1ahistory.com\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u5f53\u8239\u575a\u70ae\u5229\u7684\u6b96\u6c11\u8005\u8e0f\u4e0a\u7f8e\u6d32\u5927\u9646\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u6587\u660e\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\u5bf9\u62c9\u4e01\u7f8e\u6d32\u571f\u8457\u6587\u660e\u7684\u5f81\u670d\u3002\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e09\u4e00\u5e74\uff0c\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u4f5c\u5bb6\u3001\u8bd7\u4eba\u3001\u54f2\u4eba\u963f\u65b9\u7d22\u00b7\u96f7\u8036\u65af\uff08Alfonso Reyes\uff09\u8c08\u53ca\u6b27\u6d32\u6b96\u6c11\u8005\u4e0e\u7f8e\u6d32\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u7684\u76f8\u9047\u65f6\uff0c\u5199\u4e0b\u4e86\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\uff08\u7f8e\u6d32\u4eba\uff09\u65e0\u8bba\u4ece\u4f53\u8d28\u4e0a\u8fd8\u662f\u9053\u5fb7\u4e0a\u90fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u62b5\u6297\u4e0e\u6b27\u6d32\u4eba\u7684\u76f8\u9047\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0e\u6765\u81ea\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\uff0c\u8eab\u7a7f\u94c1\u7532\uff0c\u624b\u6301\u706b\u836f\u3001\u5b50\u5f39\u548c\u5927\u70ae\uff0c\u9a91\u5728\u9a6c\u80cc\u4e0a\u5e76\u5728\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u652f\u6301\u4e0b\u7684\u4eba\u53d1\u751f\u78b0\u649e\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u6c34\u7f50\u4e0e\u5927\u9505\u7684\u78b0\u649e\u3002\u6c34\u7f50\u53ef\u80fd\u5f88\u597d\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f88\u6f02\u4eae\uff0c\u5374\u662f\u6700\u6613\u788e\u7684\u3002\uff08Reyes\uff0c Alfonso. M\u00e9xico en una nuez y otras nueces. Ciudad de Mexico\uff1aFondo de Cultura Econ\u00f3mica, 2011\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u963f\u65b9\u7d22\u00b7\u96f7\u8036\u65af\u7684\u672c\u610f\u5728\u4e8e\u5f3a\u8c03\u57fa\u7763\u6587\u660e\u5bf9\u62c9\u4e01\u7f8e\u6d32\u571f\u8457\u6587\u660e\u7684\u5f81\u670d\u3002\u867d\u7136\u4e24\u8005\u529b\u91cf\u60ac\u6b8a\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e00\u5f81\u670d\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5374\u5e76\u975e\u662f\u6240\u8c13\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684\u3001\u65ad\u88c2\u6027\u7684\u6587\u660e\u5bf9\u53e4\u8001\u7684\u3001\u8fde\u7eed\u6027\u6587\u660e\u7684\u5e76\u7f6e\u4e0e\u53d6\u4ee3\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f2\u6298\u7684\uff0c\u5145\u6ee1\u5f20\u529b\u3001\u535a\u5f08\u4e0e\u4e92\u52a8\u4ea4\u878d\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u5982\u540c\u88ab\u6253\u788e\u7684\u6c34\u7f50\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u4e0d\u518d\u4ee5\u6709\u5f62\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\u627f\u8f7d\u7740\u6c34\u7684\u91cd\u91cf\uff0c\u5374\u4ee5\u788e\u7247\u5316\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u62e5\u62b1\u5305\u62ec\u5927\u9505\u5728\u5185\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u5728\u4e24\u79cd\u6587\u660e\u7684\u78b0\u649e\u4e0e\u6495\u88c2\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u7740\u62c9\u4e01\u7f8e\u6d32\u65b0\u6587\u660e\u7684\u521b\u751f\u3002\u9676\u897f\u683c\uff08Michael\u00a0Taussig\uff09\u7684\u300a\u8428\u6ee1\u6559\u3001\u6b96\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u91ce\u4eba\u2014\u2014\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u5173\u6050\u60e7\u4e0e\u6cbb\u7597\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff08Shamanism\uff0cColonialism and the Wild Man\uff1aA Study in Terror and Healing\u3002\u4e2d\u8bd1\u672c\u5373\u5c06\u7531\u5546\u52a1\u5370\u4e66\u9986\u51fa\u7248\uff09\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u6b63\u662f\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/img2.jiemian.com\/101\/original\/20211114\/16368955033112200_a700xH.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Michael Taussig\uff0cShamanism\uff0cColonialism and the Wild Man\uff1aA Study in Terror and Healing\uff0cUniversity of Chicago Press\uff0c1991\uff08\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1adouban.com\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u3001\u6050\u6016\u6587\u5316\u3001\u6743\u529b\u666f\u89c2\u4e0e\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u7684\u65e8\u8da3<\/p>\n<p>\u4ece\u91ce\u86ee\u65f6\u4ee3\u5230\u6587\u660e\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u5b97\u6559\u4ece\u6765\u90fd\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u5fc3\u667a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0e\u516c\u5171\u751f\u6d3b\u3001\u96c6\u4f53\u5236\u5ea6\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u8bdd\u9898\uff0c\u9690\u55bb\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u6743\u529b\u751f\u6001\u3001\u96c6\u4f53\u610f\u8bc6\u4e0e\u516c\u5171\u5236\u5ea6\u3002\u4e0e\u8bf8\u591a\u96c6\u4e2d\u4e8e\u5bf9\u8428\u6ee1\u4fe1\u4ef0\u548c\u4eea\u5f0f\u5c5e\u6027\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u6210\u679c\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5728\u6b96\u6c11\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d\uff0c\u805a\u7126\u77e5\u8bc6\u3001\u6743\u529b\u3001\u5efa\u6784\u4e0e\u4ea4\u878d\u7684\u300a\u8428\u6ee1\u6559\u3001\u6b96\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u91ce\u4eba\u300b\u65e0\u7591\u662f\u4e00\u90e8\u522b\u51fa\u5fc3\u88c1\u7684\u529b\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u5f00\u7bc7\u5bf9\u6b96\u6c11\u5f81\u670d\u7684\u53d9\u4e8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u9676\u897f\u683c\u5c06\u76ee\u5149\u805a\u96c6\u81f3\u6743\u529b\u4e0e\u6050\u6016\u6587\u5316\u7684\u5236\u9020\u4e0a\u3002\u5949\u547d\u8c03\u67e5\u666e\u56fe\u9a6c\u7ea6\uff08Putumayo\uff09\u5730\u533a\u4e11\u95fb\u7684\u51ef\u65af\u95e8\u7279\uff08Casement\uff09\u7684\u62a5\u544a\u5448\u73b0\u51fa\u6709\u8fdd\u5e38\u8bc6\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\uff1a\u5bf9\u533a\u57df\u6a61\u80f6\u5546\u7684\u963f\u62c9\u7eb3\uff08Arana\uff09\u53d1\u8ff9\u53f2\u7684\u68b3\u7406\u8868\u660e\u6b96\u6c11\u8005\u4ee5\u8d38\u6613\u5951\u7ea6\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bf9\u571f\u8457\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5f81\u670d\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4ee5\u8d22\u5bcc\u4e3a\u8bc9\u6c42\u7684\u963f\u62c9\u7eb3\u516c\u53f8\u5374\u53c2\u4e0e\u5236\u9020\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u6050\u6016\u884c\u52a8\u4e0e\u53d9\u4e8b\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u4f7f\u5377\u5165\u6a61\u80f6\u8d38\u6613\u4e2d\u7684\u54e5\u4f26\u6bd4\u4e9a\u4eba\u3001\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u9677\u5165\u6050\u6016\u6587\u5316\u7684\u6c1b\u56f4\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u6b96\u6c11\u8005\u5bf9\u4e1b\u6797\u548c\u91ce\u86ee\u4eba\u7684\u60e7\u6015\uff0c\u4ea6\u4f7f\u666e\u56fe\u9a6c\u7ea6\u6a61\u80f6\u70ed\u6f6e\u4e2d\u5145\u6ee1\u4e86\u6050\u60e7\u4e0e\u66b4\u884c\uff0c\u4ea4\u7ec7\u7740\u5bf9\u62c9\u7f8e\u5dcd\u5ce8\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u4e0e\u72ec\u88c1\u9738\u6743\u7684\u9690\u55bb\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img 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src=\"https:\/\/img3.jiemian.com\/101\/original\/20211114\/163689553722724400_a700xH.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u897f\u96c5\u56fe\u914b\u957f\uff081786-1866\uff09\uff0c\u539f\u540d\u5e0c\u5c14\u65af\uff08Sealth\uff09\uff0c\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u534e\u76db\u987f\u5dde\u5883\u5185\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u90e8\u843d\u7684\u9996\u9886\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u897f\u5317\u6700\u5927\u6d77\u5cb8\u57ce\u5e02\u897f\u96c5\u56fe\uff08Seattle\uff09\uff0c\u5373\u6e90\u4e8e\u4ed6\u7684\u540d\u5b57\uff08\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1ahistorylink.org\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u6b63\u662f\u5728\u5bf9\u571f\u8457\u793e\u4f1a\u8352\u8bde\u79bb\u5947\u3001\u795e\u79d8\u9b54\u5e7b\u7684\u53d9\u4e8b\u53ca\u5176\u6743\u529b\u683c\u5c40\u7684\u5448\u73b0\u4e2d\uff0c\u9676\u897f\u683c\u53cd\u601d\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\u65e8\u8da3\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6267\u7740\u4e8e\u539f\u59cb\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0e\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u5c55\u793a\uff0c\u521b\u9020\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u6587\u672c\u53ea\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u8005\u4e0d\u5207\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u60f3\u8c61\u3002\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u4e0d\u5728\u4e8e\u5efa\u6784\u3001\u5448\u73b0\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u3001\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u6587\u5316\u8303\u578b\u4e0e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5173\u6ce8\u4ea4\u4e92\u955c\u50cf\u4e2d\u7684\u3001\u5177\u5907\u9b54\u6cd5\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u6587\u5316\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5c06\u571f\u8457\u4eba\u7684\u58f0\u97f3\u4ece\u4f24\u75db\u4e0e\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u6666\u6697\u4e2d\u62ef\u6551\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u8fdb\u800c\uff0c\u9676\u897f\u683c\u4e3b\u5f20\u5728\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u7684\u4e66\u5199\u4e2d\u4e0e\u5386\u53f2\u5bf9\u8bdd\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u503e\u542c\u4ed6\u8005\u7684\u58f0\u97f3\uff0c\u201c\u4ece\u2018\u88ab\u8868\u5f81\u2019\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u63a8\u7ffb\u8868\u5f81\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u201d\uff0c\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5bf9\u897f\u65b9\u7406\u6027\u6587\u660e\u89c2\u4e0e\u73b0\u4ee3\u6027\u7684\u80cc\u79bb\u4e0e\u53cd\u53db\u3002\u9676\u897f\u683c\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e3b\u5f20\u4ee3\u8868\u7740\u540e\u73b0\u4ee3\u6d17\u793c\u4e0b\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u5b66\u79d1\u65e8\u8da3\u4e0e\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u4e66\u5199\u7684\u8f6c\u5411\u3002\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u6027\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u63a8\u5d07\u7684\u662f\u4e3b\u4f53\u6027\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u751f\u4ea7\u4e0e\u5efa\u6784\uff0c\u9690\u55bb\u7740\u73b0\u4ee3\u6027\u5bf9\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5448\u73b0\u548c\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u8303\u5f0f\u4e0b\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u8def\u5f84\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u62c9\u4e01\u7f8e\u6d32\u8fd9\u4e00\u73b0\u4ee3\u6027\u7684\u8fb9\u7586\uff0c\u9676\u897f\u683c\u62c9\u5f00\u4e86\u73b0\u4ee3\u6027\u7684\u672c\u4f53\u8bba\u4e0e\u77e5\u8bc6\u8bba\u7684\u6743\u529b\u9b54\u76d2\uff0c\u5728\u6b96\u6c11\u8005\u4e0e\u571f\u8457\u4eba\u5173\u4e8e\u81ea\u6211\u4e0e\u4ed6\u8005\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u4e2d\uff0c\u9676\u897f\u683c\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u4e3b\u4f53\u7684\u591a\u5143\u6027\u4e0e\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u590d\u6570\u6027\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u4e0d\u5728\u4e8e\u6784\u5efa\u73b0\u4ee3\u6027\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u7ec8\u6781\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u627f\u8ba4\u4e3b\u4f53\u95f4\u6027\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u5448\u73b0\u3001\u5173\u6ce8\u591a\u5143\u4e3b\u4f53\u6027\u53ca\u5176\u5145\u6ee1\u5f20\u529b\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u5b9e\u8df5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u5386\u53f2\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u52a8\u529b\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u6587\u660e\u5ef6\u7eed\u7684\u673a\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e8c\u3001\u6b96\u6c11\u5f81\u670d\u3001\u6c61\u79fd\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u6027\u4e0e\u571f\u8457\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u518d\u9020<\/p>\n<p>\u5c45\u4f4f\u5728\u4e1b\u6797\u4e2d\u7684\uff0c\u7528\u7fbd\u6bdb\u3001\u957f\u77db\u3001\u88c5\u88f1\u534e\u4e3d\u7684\u201c\u65d7\u5e1c\u201d\uff0c\u5584\u4e8e\u6218\u6597\u548c\u7528\u6c34\u725b\u72e9\u730e\u7684\u571f\u8457\u4eba\u662f\u6c61\u79fd\u3001\u8d2b\u7a77\u3001\u8d64\u88f8\u3001\u82e6\u96be\u4e0e\u8ff7\u4fe1\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u90aa\u6076\u3001\u6050\u6016\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5177\u5907\u9b54\u6cd5\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u5374\u4e5f\u6fc0\u53d1\u7740\u6b96\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e49\u5f81\u670d\u5168\u7403\u7684\u52a8\u673a\u4e0e\u613f\u671b\u3002\u6b96\u6c11\u8005\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u613f\u671b\u4e0e\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5bf9\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5f81\u670d\u878d\u5408\uff0c\u63a8\u52a8\u7740\u6b96\u6c11\u8005\u5bf9\u571f\u8457\u4eba\u5b97\u6559\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5f81\u670d\u4e0e\u6539\u9020\uff0c\u4e3a\u571f\u8457\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u4f20\u7edf\u4e0e\u795e\u5947\u9b54\u6cd5\u5efa\u7acb\u65b0\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u6846\u67b6\u4e0e\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5bf9\u8428\u6ee1\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u6539\u9020\u5374\u662f\u6b96\u6c11\u8005\u4ee5\u81e3\u670d\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5c06\u571f\u8457\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u8428\u6ee1\u4f20\u7edf\u7eb3\u5165\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u7684\u53d9\u4e8b\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u5728\u5bf9\u8428\u6ee1\u6cbb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src=\"https:\/\/img1.jiemian.com\/101\/original\/20211114\/163689558117117000_a700xH.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Hupa female shaman, c.1923, Edward Curtis\uff08\u7f8e\u6d32\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u80e1\u5e15\u90e8\u843d\u7684\u5973\u8428\u6ee1\uff0c\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1athevintagenews.com\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u4ece\u5b9e\u8d28\u4e0a\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5bf9\u571f\u8457\u5b97\u6559\u4e0e\u8428\u6ee1\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u5f81\u670d\u4e0e\u6539\u9020\u5374\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u5bf9\u571f\u8457\u6587\u660e\u201c\u4ed6\u6027\u201d\u8ba4\u53ef\u57fa\u7840\u4e4b\u4e0a\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u571f\u8457\u6587\u660e\u88ab\u7eb3\u5165\u73b0\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u5374\u4e5f\u5728\u6587\u660e\u7684\u5bf9\u8bdd\u3001\u8f6c\u6362\u4e0e\u91cd\u5851\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u7740\u571f\u8457\u4eba\u81ea\u8eab\u4e3b\u4f53\u6027\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff0c\u571f\u8457\u4eba\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u4e0e\u8428\u6ee1\u4f20\u7edf\u56fa\u7136\u88ab\u65bd\u4e0a\u4e86\u6b96\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u9b54\u5492\uff0c\u4e5f\u6b63\u662f\u5728\u6b96\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e49\u5bf9\u5176\u7684\u7ffb\u65b0\u4e0e\u6539\u9020\u4e2d\uff0c\u539f\u59cb\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u8428\u6ee1\u91cd\u65b0\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u751f\u547d\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6b96\u6c11\u8005\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u7684\u6587\u660e\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u8d27\u5e01\u3001\u8d44\u672c\u7684\u5f15\u5165\uff0c\u6b96\u6c11\u8005\u5f00\u542f\u4e86\u571f\u8457\u793e\u4f1a\u5546\u4e1a\u5316\u7684\u6f58\u591a\u62c9\u9b54\u76d2\u3002\u5728\u666e\u56fe\u9a6c\u7ea6\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u66f4\u4e3a\u5e7f\u9614\u7684\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u519c\u6751\uff0c\u65e0\u6570\u7684\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u5f00\u59cb\u8d29\u5356\u9b54\u6cd5\u4e0e\u5deb\u672f\uff0c\u9b54\u6cd5\u5546\u54c1\u5316\uff08Commoditization of Magic\uff09\u4e0e\u5546\u54c1\u5316\u9b54\u6cd5\uff08Magic of Commoditization\uff09\u4f7f\u571f\u8457\u5c0f\u9547\u53d8\u5f97\u6c61\u79fd\u4e0d\u582a\u3002\u6027\u522b\u3001\u79cd\u65cf\u4e43\u81f3\u571f\u8457\u4eba\u795e\u5947\u9b54\u6cd5\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u4e16\u754c\u4e5f\u6210\u4e3a\u8d44\u672c\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u8d44\u672c\u4e0e\u9b54\u6cd5\u4e92\u4e3a\u5bf9\u7acb\u5730\u5d4c\u5165\uff0c\u5374\u53c8\u5f7c\u6b64\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5236\u9020\u51fa\u65b0\u7684\u6076\u9b54\uff0c\u5448\u73b0\u51fa\u6c61\u79fd\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u66f4\u5927\u9650\u5ea6\u5730\u652b\u53d6\u8d44\u6e90\u4e0e\u8d22\u5bcc\uff0c\u6b96\u6c11\u8005\u5728\u62c9\u7f8e\u5927\u9646\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4ee5\u6b27\u6d32\u4e3a\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u4ea4\u901a\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u9053\u8def\u90fd\u901a\u5411\u6cbf\u6d77\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\uff0c\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u4ea4\u901a\u72b6\u51b5\u6781\u5176\u6076\u52a3\u3002\u5927\u5c71\u548c\u6ce5\u6cde\u7684\u9053\u8def\u5c06\u6587\u660e\u4e0e\u91ce\u86ee\u963b\u9694\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u4e0b\u534a\u53f6\uff0c\u65b9\u6d4e\u5404\u4f1a\u6765\u5230\u8fd9\u4e00\u533a\u57df\u4f20\u6559\uff0c\u4fee\u901a\u4e86\u9ad8\u5730\u57ce\u5e02\u901a\u5f80\u666e\u56fe\u9a6c\u7ea6\u70ed\u5e26\u96e8\u6797\u7684\u9053\u8def\u540e\u624d\u5f97\u4ee5\u6539\u5584\u3002\u6b64\u540e\uff0c\u767d\u4eba\u4ece\u4e1b\u6797\u8fc1\u5f99\u81f3\u4f4e\u5730\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7ee7\u7eed\u4ec7\u89c6\u90aa\u6076\u7684\u3001\u62e5\u6709\u9b54\u6cd5\u7684\u571f\u8457\u4eba\uff0c\u5374\u4e5f\u79bb\u4e0d\u5f00\u571f\u8457\u4eba\u7684\u9b54\u6cd5\uff1b\u4e1b\u6797\u4e2d\u7684\u571f\u8457\u4eba\u4e5f\u4e0d\u81ea\u89c9\u5730\u5c06\u767d\u4eba\u89c6\u4e3a\u9ad8\u7b49\u3001\u6587\u660e\u7684\u8c61\u5f81\u3002\u4f9d\u5b58\u9053\u8def\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u666f\u89c2\u5f3a\u5316\u7740\u65e2\u6709\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5374\u53c8\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u63a8\u52a8\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u4e0e\u79cd\u65cf\u7684\u4e0d\u65ad\u878d\u5408\uff0c\u5728\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u660e\u786e\u795e\u79d8\u4e0e\u7406\u667a\u3001\u6587\u660e\u4e0e\u91ce\u86ee\u4e8c\u5143\u533a\u9694\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u63a8\u52a8\u7740\u5f7c\u6b64\u4e4b\u95f4\u65e5\u76ca\u6ecb\u957f\u7684\u201c\u8428\u6ee1\u529b\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/img1.jiemian.com\/101\/original\/20211114\/163689559870009800_a700xH.jpg\" alt=\"\" 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src=\"https:\/\/img1.jiemian.com\/101\/original\/20211114\/163689561712053900_a700xH.jpg\" alt=\"\" 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