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\n\u6b7b\u6d77\u53e4\u5377\uff08\u5c40\u90e8\uff09\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u6700\u53e4\u8001\u7684\u5e0c\u4f2f\u6765\u5723\u7ecf\u6284\u672c\uff0c\u516c\u5143\u524d408\u5e74\u81f3\u516c\u5143318\u5e74\u6210\u4e66\uff0c\u53d1\u6398\u4e8e1946-1947\u5e74\uff0c\u73b0\u85cf\u4e8e\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u535a\u7269\u9986\uff08\u6765\u6e90\uff1aimj.org.il\uff09<\/p>\n

\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7eaa\u5386\u53f2\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u7684\u957f\u8db3\u8fdb\u6b65\uff0c\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u73b0\u4ee3\u201c\u5723\u7ecf\u5b66\u201d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u5757\u57fa\u77f3\uff08\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5757\u662f\u8003\u53e4\u5b66\uff09\u3002\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u6210\u5c31\uff0c\u4fbf\u662f\u4e24\u4f4d\u5fb7\u56fd\u5b66\u8005\u5bf9\u300a\u4e94\u7ecf\u300b\u4f5c\u8005\u4e0e\u6587\u672c\u6e90\u6d41\u7684\u8003\u91ca\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5b66\u8bf4\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u4e00\u76f4\u6709\u4eba\u63d0\u51fa\u8d28\u7591\u548c\u4fee\u8ba2\uff0c\u8fc4\u4eca\u5c1a\u65e0\u66f4\u52a0\u5408\u7406\u800c\u6709\u8bf4\u670d\u529b\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u7406\u8bba\uff1b\u56e0\u6b64\u5b66\u754c\u5f15\u4e3a\u901a\u8bf4\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u5176\u59d3\u6c0f\u547d\u540d\uff0c\u79f0\u4f5c\u201c\u683c\/\u5a01\u6c0f[\u7247\u65ad\u6c47\u7f16]\u5047\u8bf4\u201d\uff08Graf-Wellhausen hypothesis\uff09\u3002\u8be5\u5047\u8bf4\u57fa\u672c\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\uff0c\u300a\u4e94\u7ecf\u300b\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u751f\u6210\u4e8e\u6469\u897f\u65f6\u4ee3\uff08\u516c\u5143\u524d\u5341\u4e09\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u6216\u540c\u4e00\u6765\u6e90\u7684\u521b\u4f5c\uff1b\u4f20\u4e16\u7ecf\u6587\u5b9e\u4e3a\u8bb8\u591a\u6587\u672c\u7247\u65ad\u7684\u6c47\u7f16\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7247\u65ad\uff0c\u6309\u5176\u8bcd\u6c47\u8bed\u6cd5\u7279\u5f81\u3001\u6587\u4f53\u98ce\u683c\u3001\u6545\u4e8b\u60c5\u8282\u548c\u601d\u60f3\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5927\u81f4\u5212\u51fa\u56db\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u65f6\u671f\u3001\u4e0d\u540c\u6e0a\u6e90\u7684\u6587\u672c\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u4ee5\u56db\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bcd\u8868\u793a\uff1aJ\u3001E\u3001D\u3001P\u3002<\/p>\n

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\n\u4f0a\u7538\u56ed\u5730\u70b9\u63a8\u6d4b\uff08\u6765\u6e90\uff1abiblestudy.org.nz\uff09<\/p>\n

\u516c\u5143\u524d\u4e03\u4e8c\u4e8c\uff08\u6216\u524d\u4e03\u4e8c\u4e00\uff09\u5e74\uff0c\u5317\u56fd\u4e3a\u4e9a\u8ff0\u6240\u706d\u3002\u96be\u6c11\u5357\u5f99\uff0c\u5404\u5730\u796d\u53f8\u96c6\u4e2d\u5230\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\uff0c\u201cJ\u201d\u201cE\u201d\u90e8\u5206\u878d\u5408\uff0c\u79f0\u201cJE\u201d\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u201c\u5341\u8beb\u201d\u548c\u201c\u7ea6\u4e66\u201d\uff08\u300a\u51fa\u57c3\u53ca\u8bb0\u300b\u4e8c\u5341\u81f3\u4e8c\u5341\u4e09\u7ae0\uff09\uff0c\u201cJE\u201d\u5728\u6574\u4f53\u4e0a\u5e76\u65e0\u7ec6\u81f4\u7684\u5f8b\u6cd5\u89c4\u5b9a\u3002\u7ecf\u6587\u7684\u6559\u5bfc\u5927\u591a\u8bc9\u8bf8\u4eba\u7269\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c1a\u62bd\u8c61\u8bba\u8bf4\uff1b\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u540e\u8d77\u7684\u796d\u53f8\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u53d7\u6c11\u95f4\u4f20\u8bf4\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u8f83\u6df1\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u300a\u521b\u4e16\u8bb0\u300b\u91cc\u7684\u201c\u7ea6\u745f\u4f20\u5947\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u516c\u5143\u524d\u516d\u4e8c\u4e8c\u5e74\uff0c\u5357\u56fd\u7ea6\u897f\u4e9a\u738b\uff08\u524d\u516d\u56db\u3007\u2014\u2014\u524d\u516d\u3007\u4e5d\u5728\u4f4d\uff09\u63a8\u884c\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u5728\u5723\u6bbf\u201c\u53d1\u73b0\u201d\u4e00\u90e8\u6469\u897f\u6240\u4f20\u7684\u201c\u5f8b\u6cd5\u4e66\u201d\uff08\u300a\u5217\u738b\u8bb0\u4e0b\u300b23\u223624\uff09\uff0c\u901a\u8bf4\u5373\u300a\u7533\u547d\u8bb0\u300b\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u300a\u7533\u547d\u8bb0\u300b\uff08\u5e0c\u814a\u8bed\uff1aDeuteronomion\uff09\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\u662f\u6469\u897f\u7684\u4e09\u7bc7\u9057\u8bad\uff0c\u79f0\u201cD\u201d\u4f20\u7edf\u3002\u98ce\u683c\u81ea\u6210\u4e00\u4f53\uff0c\u8bcd\u85fb\u5bcc\u4e8e\u611f\u60c5\uff0c\u4fee\u8f9e\u6027\u4eba\u79f0\u8f6c\u6362\u9891\u7e41\uff0c\u56fa\u5b9a\u8bcd\u7ec4\u548c\u5957\u8bed\u591a\uff08\u4fbf\u4e8e\u8bb0\u8bf5\uff09\u3002\u4e3b\u9898\u5219\u662f\u53cd\u590d\u7533\u8bf4\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u771f\u7406\uff1a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u62e3\u9009\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u4e3a\u72ec\u4e00\u5b50\u6c11\uff0c\u6545\u5b50\u6c11\u5bf9\u4e0a\u5e1d\u987b\u7edd\u5bf9\u5fe0\u8bda\u3002\u201cD\u201d\u8fd8\u89c4\u5b9a\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u5723\u6bbf\u4e3a\u552f\u4e00\u5723\u6240\uff0c\u7981\u6b62\u5728\u522b\u5904\u8bbe\u795e\u9f9b\u732e\u796d\uff1b\u4e3b\u5f20\u6276\u52a9\u8001\u5f31\u5b64\u5be1\u3001\u65cf\u4eba\u5916\u7c4d\u4e00\u89c6\u540c\u4ec1\u7684\u5e73\u7b49\u539f\u5219\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5185\u5bb9\u90fd\u662f\u7ea6\u897f\u4e9a\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u7684\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u4f46\u6b64\u65f6\u8ddd\u201c\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u51fa\u57c3\u53ca\u201d\u5df2\u6709\u516d\u767e\u591a\u5e74\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

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\n\u516c\u5143\u524d9\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u5317\u56fd\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u548c\u5357\u56fd\u72b9\u5927\uff08\u6765\u6e90\uff1acommons.wikimedia.org\uff09<\/p>\n

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\n\u7f57\u585e\u5854\u77f3\u7891\uff0c\u516c\u5143\u524d196\u5e74\u5236\u6210\uff0c1799\u5e74\u53d1\u6398\uff0c\u73b0\u85cf\u4e8e\u5927\u82f1\u535a\u7269\u9986\uff08\u6765\u6e90\uff1acommons.wikimedia.org\uff09<\/p>\n

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\n\u4f46\u4e18\u77f3\u7891\uff0c\u516c\u5143\u524d870-750\u5e74\u5236\u6210\uff0c1993-1994\u5e74\u53d1\u6398\uff0c\u73b0\u85cf\u4e8e\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u535a\u7269\u9986\uff08\u6765\u6e90\uff1aworldhistory.org\uff09<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9053\u7406\uff0c\u62bd\u8c61\u8c08\u8bba\u6050\u6015\u4e0d\u6613\u61c2\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u5c31\u4ece\u6211\u7684\u8bd1\u6587\u4e2d\u9009\u4e00\u7247\u65ad\uff0c\u300a\u51fa\u57c3\u53ca\u8bb0\u300b\u5341\u56db\u7ae0\u201c\u7ea2\u6d77\u201d\u6545\u4e8b\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u8bf7\u8bfb\u8005\u770b\u770b\uff0c\u201cR\u201d\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u628a\u4e24\u79cd\u540c\u6837\u4e3b\u9898\u4f46\u60c5\u8282\u4e0d\u4e00\u3001\u98ce\u683c\u5404\u5f02\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u7d20\u6750\uff0c\u4ea4\u7ec7\u6210\u4e00\u6bb5\u8fde\u8d2f\u7ecf\u6587\u7684\u3002\u4e24\u79cd\u7d20\u6750\u5206\u522b\u6765\u81ea\u201cJ\u201d\uff08\u6b63\u4f53\u5b57\uff09\u548c\u201cP\u201d\uff08\u659c\u4f53\u5b57\uff09\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u62ec\u53f7\u5185\u662f\u6211\u7684\u6ce8\u91ca\uff0c\u8282\u6570\u540e\u201ca\u201d\u201cb\u201d\u8868\u793a\u524d\u540e\u534a\u8282\u2014\u2014<\/p>\n

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