\u6587:\u00a0 \u66fe\u8f89\u00a0 \u00a0\u6765\u6e90\uff1aIPP\u8bc4\u8bba<\/p>\n
\u81ea\u51b7\u6218\u7ed3\u675f\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u4e9a\u592a\u5730\u533a\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u552f\u4e00\u4e00\u4e2a\u6ca1\u6709\u7206\u53d1\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u968f\u7740\u8fd1\u5e74\u9891\u9891\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u4e9a\u592a\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u56fd\u9645\u201c\u70ed\u70b9\u201d\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u539f\u672c\u590d\u6742\u7684\u4e9a\u592a\u5c40\u52bf\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u52a8\u8361\u4e0d\u5b89\u3002\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u5728\u4fc4\u65e5\u53cc\u65b9\u4e3a\u5317\u65b9\u56db\u5c9b\u4e3b\u6743\u4e89\u7aef\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u8d8a\u53d1\u6fc0\u70c8\u4e4b\u65f6\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u6781\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u8d81\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u75b2\u4e8e\u5e94\u4ed8\u53d9\u5229\u4e9a\u6218\u4e8b\u4e4b\u673a\uff0c\u70b9\u71c3\u4fc4\u65e5\u4e89\u593a\u5317\u65b9\u56db\u5c9b\u4e3b\u6743\u4e4b\u706b\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5317\u65b9\u56db\u5c9b\u4fc4\u65e5\u4e3b\u6743\u4e89\u7aef\u95ee\u9898<\/p>\n
1. \u5317\u65b9\u56db\u5c9b\u4fc4\u65e5\u4e3b\u6743\u4e89\u7aef\u59cb\u672b<\/p>\n
\u4fc4\u65e5\u5317\u65b9\u56db\u5c9b\u4e3b\u6743\u4e4b\u4e89\u53ef\u8c13\u662f\u7531\u6765\u5df2\u4e45\u3002\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\uff0c\u5317\u65b9\u56db\u5c9b\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u56fa\u6709\u9886\u571f\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u968f\u7740\u65e5\u672c\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u4e2d\u6218\u8d25\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u300a\u96c5\u5c14\u5854\u534f\u8bae\u300b (Yalta Conference)\uff0c\u5317\u65b9\u56db\u5c9b\u7684\u9886\u571f\u6743\u5f52\u82cf\u8054\u6240\u6709\u3002\u5f53\u82cf\u8054\u89e3\u4f53\u540e\uff0c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u5317\u65b9\u56db\u5c9b\u7684\u7ee7\u627f\u6743\u3002\u65e5\u672c\u5bf9\u6b64\u4e00\u76f4\u803f\u803f\u4e8e\u6000\uff0c\u7406\u7531\u662f\u300a\u96c5\u5c14\u5854\u534f\u8bae\u300b\u81ea\u82cf\u8054\u89e3\u4f53\u4ee5\u540e\u5df2\u7ecf\u5931\u6548\uff0c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u5e94\u5f53\u7acb\u5373\u5c06\u5317\u65b9\u56db\u5c9b\u201c\u7269\u5f52\u539f\u4e3b\u201d\u3002\u65e5\u672c\u5386\u5c4a\u653f\u5e9c\u8bd5\u56fe\u901a\u8fc7\u5404\u79cd\u624b\u6bb5\u4ece\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u624b\u4e2d\u7d22\u56de\u5317\u65b9\u56db\u5c9b\uff0c\u5747\u65e0\u529f\u800c\u8fd4\u3002\u76f4\u5230\u5b89\u500d\u664b\u4e09\u4e0a\u4efb\u540e\uff0c\u8ba8\u8981\u5317\u65b9\u56db\u5c9b\u4e3b\u6743\u7684\u547c\u58f0\u6700\u4e3a\u6fc0\u70c8\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u4efb\u671f\u5185\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u4e0e\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u5c55\u5f00\u4e8630\u591a\u6b21\u4f1a\u8c08\u3002\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u603b\u7edf\u666e\u4eac\u575a\u6301\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6539\u53d8\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u5360\u9886\u5317\u65b9\u56db\u5c9b\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e8b\u5b9e\u5c06\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5426\u5b9a\u4e8c\u6218\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n
\u9274\u4e8e\u53cc\u65b9\u4e92\u4e0d\u8ba9\u6b65\uff0c\u4fc4\u65e5\u4e24\u56fd\u81f3\u4eca\u672a\u80fd\u7b7e\u7f72\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e24\u56fd\u5173\u7cfb\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u548c\u5e73\u6761\u7ea6\uff0c\u6ca1\u80fd\u771f\u6b63\u5b9e\u73b0\u53cc\u8fb9\u5173\u7cfb\u6b63\u5e38\u5316\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u7740\u53cc\u65b9\u5728\u6cd5\u7406\u4e0a\u4ecd\u5904\u4e8e\u4ea4\u6218\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u5317\u65b9\u56db\u5c9b\u4e3b\u6743\u4e89\u7aef\u5c31\u50cf\u4e00\u628a\u9ad8\u60ac\u4e8e\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u4e0e\u65e5\u672c\u4e24\u56fd\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0a\u7684\u201c\u8fbe\u6469\u514b\u91cc\u65af\u4e4b\u5251\u201d (Sword of Damocles)\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u8fc7\u6fc0\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u90fd\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u6b66\u529b\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u5371\u9669\u3002<\/p>\n
2018\u5e742\u67088\u65e5\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u9996\u76f8\u5b89\u500d\u664b\u4e09\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c4a\u201c\u5317\u65b9\u56db\u5c9b\u5168\u56fd\u8ba8\u8981\u5927\u4f1a\u201d\u4e0a\u6b63\u5f0f\u5411\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u53d1\u51fa\u5f00\u6218\u9884\u8b66\uff0c\u5e76\u5ba3\u5e03\u5c06\u4f7f\u7528\u6b66\u529b\u89e3\u51b3\u5317\u65b9\u56db\u5c9b\u4e3b\u6743\u4e89\u7aef\u3002\u9762\u5bf9\u5b89\u500d\u664b\u4e09\u7684\u5484\u5484\u903c\u4eba\u7684\u6001\u52bf\uff0c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u603b\u7edf\u666e\u4eac\u4fdd\u62a4\u5317\u65b9\u56db\u5c9b\u7684\u51b3\u5fc3\u4e5f\u5f02\u5e38\u660e\u786e\uff0c\u4fc4\u519b\u968f\u5373\u5728\u5317\u65b9\u56db\u5c9b\u5468\u8fb9\u5c55\u5f00\u4e86\u519b\u4e8b\u6f14\u4e60\uff0c\u5e76\u5411\u5c9b\u4e0a\u589e\u6d3e\u5175\u529b\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u53cc\u65b9\u7206\u53d1\u6b66\u88c5\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u6709\u591a\u5927\uff1f\u7b14\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u8981\u5bf9\u5317\u65b9\u56db\u5c9b\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u505a\u4e9b\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u96be\u5224\u65ad\u4fc4\u65e5\u7206\u53d1\u6b66\u88c5\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u6709\u591a\u9ad8\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
2. \u5317\u65b9\u56db\u5c9b\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027<\/p>\n
\u7f8e\u56fd\u5e03\u9c81\u91d1\u65af\u5b66\u4f1a (Brookings Institute) \u7684\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u95ee\u9898\u4e13\u5bb6\u79d1\u5229\u798f\u5fb7\u00b7\u76d6\u72c4 (Clifford Gaddy) \u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5317\u65b9\u56db\u5c9b\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u4e3b\u8981\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4ef7\u503c\u548c\u6218\u7565\u5730\u4f4d\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n
\uff081\uff09\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4ef7\u503c<\/p>\n
\u636e2012\u5e74\u63a2\u6d4b\u62a5\u544a\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5317\u65b9\u56db\u5c9b\u5468\u8fb9\u5927\u7ea6\u8574\u542b2\u5343\u5428\u9ec4\u91d1\u30011\u4e07\u5428\u6c34\u94f6\u300116\u4ebf\u5428\u77f3\u6cb9\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5728\u5343\u5c9b\u7fa4\u5c9b (Kuril Islands)\u4e0a\u6709\u7740\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u4e00\u5ea7\u76db\u4ea7\u6bd4\u9ec4\u91d1\u8fd8\u8d35\u91cd\u7684\u94fc\u77ff\u3002\u636e\u7edf\u8ba1\uff0c\u5317\u65b9\u56db\u5c9b\u53ca\u5927\u9646\u67b6\u603b\u8d44\u6e90\u4ef7\u503c\u8fbe458\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5317\u65b9\u56db\u5c9b\u5468\u8fb9\u7684\u6d77\u57df\u4e5f\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u4e09\u5927\u8457\u540d\u6e14\u573a\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u7d20\u6709\u201c\u9c7c\u7c7b\u5b9d\u5e93\u201d\u4e4b\u79f0\u3002\u5355\u7eaf\u4ece\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5229\u76ca\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5317\u65b9\u56db\u5c9b\u5929\u751f\u5c31\u6ce8\u5b9a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5175\u5bb6\u5fc5\u4e89\u4e4b\u5730\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6781\u5ea6\u7f3a\u4e4f\u77f3\u6cb9\u5929\u7136\u6c14\u6765\u6e90\u7684\u65e5\u672c\u800c\u8a00\u66f4\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u4e00\u76f4\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u652f\u6491\u65e5\u672c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u77f3\u6cb9\u5929\u7136\u6c14\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u90fd\u662f\u4ece\u4e2d\u4e1c\u5730\u533a\u8fdb\u53e3\uff0c\u5357\u5343\u5c9b\u7fa4\u5c9b (Southern Kurils) \u53ca\u5176\u5468\u56f4\u6d77\u57df\u6240\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u77f3\u6cb9\u5929\u7136\u6c14\u50a8\u91cf\u53ef\u5927\u5e45\u5ea6\u51cf\u5c11\u65e5\u672c\u8fc7\u5ea6\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e2d\u4e1c\u80fd\u6e90\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u3002\u5982\u679c\u65e5\u672c\u6536\u56de\u5317\u65b9\u56db\u5c9b\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5927\u5927\u589e\u5f3a\u65e5\u672c\u5728\u80fd\u6e90\u5b89\u5168\u4e0a\u7684\u53d1\u8a00\u6743\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u65e5\u672c\u5728\u65e5\u540e\u6210\u4e3a\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u5e38\u4efb\u7406\u4e8b\u56fd\u8d77\u5230\u79ef\u6781\u7684\u63a8\u52a8\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n
\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5317\u65b9\u56db\u5c9b\u79bb\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u8fdc\u4e1c\u5730\u533a\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u5fc3\u548c\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4ea4\u901a\u67a2\u7ebd\u57ce\u5e02\u6d77\u53c2\u5d34 (Vladivostok) \u5f88\u8fd1\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4fbf\u4e8e\u8239\u53ea\u81ea\u7531\u51fa\u5165\u4e8e\u9102\u970d\u6b21\u514b\u6d77 (Sea of Okhotsk) \u548c\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e2d\u8f6c\u7ad9\u3002<\/p>\n
\uff082\uff09\u6218\u7565\u5730\u4f4d<\/p>\n
\u9664\u4e86\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u5317\u65b9\u56db\u5c9b\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u9b45\u529b\u5c31\u5728\u4e8e\u5b83\u7684\u6218\u7565\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u5b83\u5317\u9760\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u582a\u5bdf\u52a0\u534a\u5c9b (Kamchatka)\uff0c\u5357\u90bb\u65e5\u672c\u5317\u6d77\u9053 (Hokkaido)\uff0c\u662f\u9102\u970d\u6b21\u514b\u6d77\u548c\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e00\u9053\u5929\u7136\u5927\u95e8\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u63a7\u5236\u4e86\u5317\u65b9\u56db\u5c9b\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u9102\u970d\u6b21\u514b\u6d77\u5b8c\u5168\u5c01\u95ed\u6210\u4e3a\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5185\u6d77\u3002\u636e\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u300a\u8bba\u636e\u4e0e\u4e8b\u5b9e\u300b (Argumenty i Fakty) \u5468\u520a\u7684\u4e00\u4efd\u62a5\u5bfc\u79f0\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u4ee5\u589e\u5f3a\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u5b88\u62a4\u52d8\u5bdf\u52a0\u534a\u5c9b\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5a01\u80c1\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u5317\u6d77\u9053\u3002\u582a\u5bdf\u52a0\u534a\u5c9b\u4e0a\u7684\u6838\u6f5c\u8247\u57fa\u5730\u81f3\u4eca\u4ecd\u662f\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u6700\u5927\u7684\u6d77\u519b\u57fa\u5730\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728\u65e5\u65b9\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u4e5f\u540c\u6837\u9700\u8981\u5317\u65b9\u56db\u5c9b\u3002\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u65e5\u672c\u672c\u571f\u8d77\u5230\u6218\u7565\u9632\u5fa1\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u53ef\u5c06\u81ea\u8eab\u9632\u7ebf\u5927\u5e45\u5ea6\u5411\u5317\u63a8\u79fb\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5a01\u80c1\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u7684\u6218\u7565\u8981\u5730\u6d77\u53c2\u5d34\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c01\u9501\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u8230\u961f\u8fdb\u5165\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u7684\u201c\u5927\u95e8\u201d\uff0c\u8d77\u5230\u5e73\u8861\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u5728\u8fdc\u4e1c\u4e0e\u5317\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u95f4\u63a5\u5730\u914d\u5408\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u201c\u5370\u592a\u201d\u6218\u7565\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u5b9e\u65bd\u201c\u5370\u592a\u201d\u6218\u7565\u7684\u76df\u53cb\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5141\u8bb8\u7f8e\u56fd\u5728\u5c9b\u4e0a\u9a7b\u519b\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5317\u65b9\u56db\u5c9b\u4e2d\u540d\u6c14\u6700\u5927\u7684\u5f53\u5c5e\u62e9\u6349\u5c9b (Etorofu Island)\u3002\u5b83\u62e5\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5929\u7136\u4e0d\u51bb\u7684\u6df1\u6c34\u826f\u6e2f\u2014\u2014\u5355\u51a0\u6e7e\uff0c\u5f53\u5e74\u65e5\u672c\u8054\u5408\u8230\u961f\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u6b64\u96c6\u7ed3\u5077\u88ad\u7f8e\u56fd\u73cd\u73e0\u6e2f \u3002<\/p>\n
\u590d\u65e6\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u7a0b\u5d07\u4ec1\u535a\u58eb\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5317\u65b9\u56db\u5c9b\u4f18\u8d8a\u7684\u5730\u7f18\u653f\u6cbb\u4ef7\u503c\u6b63\u597d\u80fd\u591f\u5f25\u8865\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u7f3a\u4e4f\u51fa\u6d77\u53e3\u548c\u5929\u7136\u4e0d\u51bb\u6e2f\u7b49\u5386\u53f2\u56f0\u5883\u3002\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u591a\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\u4e00\u76f4\u503e\u529b\u5c06\u5317\u65b9\u56db\u5c9b\u6253\u9020\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u519b\u4e8b\u57fa\u5730\u3002\u636e\u6089\uff0c\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\u4fc4\u519b\u5f00\u59cb\u5728\u5c9b\u4e0a\u90e8\u7f72\u4e86\u5148\u8fdb\u7684\u5cb8\u8230\u5bfc\u5f39\u548c\u5176\u5b83\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u9632\u5fa1\u4f5c\u6218\u6b66\u5668\u3002\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5317\u65b9\u56db\u5c9b\u8fd8\u662f\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u8fdc\u4e1c\u5730\u533a\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u60c5\u62a5\u9635\u5730\uff0c\u662f\u76d1\u89c6\u65e5\u672c\u81ea\u536b\u961f\u548c\u9a7b\u65e5\u7f8e\u519b\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u5730\u70b9\uff0c\u90e8\u7f72\u5728\u5c9b\u4e0a\u7684\u5927\u529f\u7387\u65e0\u7ebf\u7535\u76d1\u542c\u7ad9\u4e3a\u4fc4\u519b\u603b\u53c2\u8c0b\u90e8\u6536\u96c6\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u60c5\u62a5\u3002\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u4fc4\u65e5\u5728\u5317\u65b9\u56db\u5c9b\u7684\u6fc0\u70c8\u6297\u4e89\u662f\u4e0e\u5317\u65b9\u56db\u5c9b\u7684\u519b\u4e8b\u4ef7\u503c\u5bc6\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4fc4\u65e5\u4e89\u7aef\u7206\u53d1\u6b66\u88c5\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027<\/p>\n
\u5728\u5f53\u4eca\u5168\u7403\u5c40\u52bf\u4e0d\u65ad\u6076\u5316\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4fc4\u65e5\u4e24\u56fd\u5728\u5317\u65b9\u56db\u5c9b\u5468\u8fb9\u6b66\u529b\u4e89\u7aef\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u7a76\u7adf\u6709\u591a\u5927\uff1f\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66\u7ea6\u745f\u592b\u00b7\u5948 (Joseph Nye) \u535a\u58eb\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b9e\u529b\u51b3\u5b9a\u7efc\u5408\u56fd\u529b\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f53\u91cf\u96c4\u539a\u7684\u56fd\u6c11\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u519b\u4e8b\u5c31\u96be\u4ee5\u5f3a\u5927\uff0c\u6545\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b9e\u529b\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u5176\u6218\u4e89\u6f5c\u529b\u3002\u6545\u6b64\uff0c\u7b14\u8005\u4ece\u4fc4\u65e5\u53cc\u65b9\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u519b\u4e8b\u5b9e\u529b\u4ee5\u53ca\u5916\u4ea4\u7b56\u7565\u65b9\u9762\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u4ece\u4e2d\u4e0d\u96be\u770b\u51fa\u53cc\u65b9\u7206\u53d1\u6b66\u88c5\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u6709\u591a\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n
1. \u4fc4\u65e5\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b9e\u529b\u5bf9\u6bd4<\/p>\n
\uff081\uff09\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b9e\u529b<\/p>\n
\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u82cf\u8054\u65f6\u4ee3\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u7f29\u5f71\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u51e0\u4e4e\u7ee7\u627f\u4e86\u82cf\u8054\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u519b\u4e8b\u529b\u91cf, \u4f46\u662f\u5b83\u4e5f\u7ee7\u627f\u4e86\u82cf\u8054\u7578\u5f62\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u8fc4\u4eca\u4e3a\u6b62\uff0c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7ed3\u6784\u4ece\u672a\u51fa\u73b0\u8fc7\u4efb\u4f55\u5927\u5e45\u5ea6\u7684\u8c03\u6574\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e2d\u592e\u515a\u6821\u56fd\u9645\u6218\u7565\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u56fd\u653f\u5ba4\u4e3b\u4efb\u5de6\u51e4\u8363\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5355\u4e00\u800c\u8106\u5f31\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u4f9d\u9760\u53d1\u5c55\u519b\u5907\u652f\u6491\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u745e\u5178\u65af\u5fb7\u54e5\u5c14\u6469\u548c\u5e73\u7814\u7a76\u9662 (SIPRI) 2013\u20142017\u5e74\u5168\u7403\u6b66\u5668\u8d38\u6613\u72b6\u51b5\u7814\u7a76\u62a5\u544a\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u76ee\u524d\u4ecd\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u4ec5\u6b21\u4e8e\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5927\u519b\u706b\u51fa\u53e3\u56fd\uff0c\u5176\u6b66\u5668\u51fa\u53e3\u5360\u5168\u7403\u6b66\u5668\u51fa\u53e3\u603b\u989d\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u4e3a22%\u3002\u968f\u7740\u4fc4\u7f8e\u53d9\u5229\u4e9a\u6218\u4e89\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u6269\u5927\uff0c\u5c06\u4f1a\u6709\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u6b66\u5668\u9500\u5f80\u4e2d\u4e1c\u5730\u533a\u3002\u666e\u4eac\u4e5f\u66fe\u5728\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b21\u5f53\u9009\u4e3a\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u603b\u7edf\u65f6\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u519b\u5de5\u884c\u4e1a\u80fd\u591f\u6210\u4e3a\u62c9\u52a8\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u7ecf\u6d4e\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u7684\u5f15\u64ce\u3002<\/p>\n
\u800c\u7b14\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6b66\u5668\u51fa\u53e3\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u6536\u5165\u6765\u6e90\uff0c\u6bcf\u5e74\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56fd\u5bb6\u5bf9\u8fdb\u53e3\u5546\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u90fd\u5728\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u5728\u5f53\u4eca\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u59cb\u7ec8\u4fdd\u6301\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b9e\u529b\u624d\u80fd\u652f\u6491\u519b\u4e8b\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u4e0d\u534f\u8c03\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u90fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u6574\u4f53\u7684\u5931\u8861\u3002\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u7528\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u7ecf\u6d4e\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u7684\u8bdd\u6765\u8bf4\u5c31\u662f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u5373\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u7a33\u5b9a\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u53d1\u5c55\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u5927\u56fd\u5fc5\u987b\u62e5\u6709\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u786c\u5b9e\u529b\u548c\u8f6f\u5b9e\u529b\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u4e24\u8005\u5177\u5907\u624d\u6709\u8bdd\u8bed\u6743\uff0c\u800c\u76ee\u524d\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u4e0a\u62e5\u6709\u6700\u5f3a\u8bdd\u8bed\u6743\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u53ea\u6709\u4e2d\u56fd\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u3002<\/p>\n
\uff082\uff09\u65e5\u672c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b9e\u529b<\/p>\n
\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u501f\u52a9\u300a\u7f8e\u65e5\u5b89\u4fdd\u6761\u7ea6\u300b (US-Japan Security Treaty)\uff0c\u5145\u5206\u5229\u7528\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u540c\u76df\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u9010\u6b65\u8fdb\u5165\u9ad8\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u66fe\u4e00\u5ea6\u6210\u4e3a\u4e16\u754c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5927\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f53\u3002\u65e5\u672c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u80fd\u591f\u4ece\u6218\u8d25\u540e\u5b9e\u73b0\u957f\u671f\u9ad8\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u627f\u62c5\u4e86\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u519b\u4e8b\u9632\u536b\u3002\u800c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u5219\u5fc5\u987b\u5e73\u8861\u519b\u4e8b\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4f7f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u53d7\u5230\u5236\u7ea6\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u9650\u5236\u4e86\u6280\u672f\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u6f5c\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5f97\u76ca\u4e8e\u6b64\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u65e9\u57281980\u5e74\u4ee3\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u5750\u62e5\u96c4\u539a\u7684\u79d1\u6280\u5b9e\u529b\u548c\u5de5\u4e1a\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u867d\u7136\u65e5\u672c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u76ee\u524d\u4ecd\u5904\u4e8e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u505c\u6ede\u671f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5176\u6280\u672f\u8fdb\u6b65\u7684\u811a\u6b65\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u505c\u6b47\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u519b\u4e8b\u6280\u672f\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u79d1\u6280\u9886\u57df\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u751a\u81f3\u8fd8\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u3002<\/p>\n
2. \u4fc4\u65e5\u519b\u4e8b\u5b9e\u529b\u5bf9\u6bd4<\/p>\n
\u5728\u5317\u65b9\u56db\u5c9b\u4e3b\u6743\u4e89\u7aef\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\uff0c\u7b14\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6d77\u519b\u5b9e\u529b\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u63a8\u8fdb\u56fd\u9645\u4e89\u7aef\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u90fd\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u6d77\u519b\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u519b\u4e8b\u5a01\u6151\u914d\u5408\u5916\u4ea4\u65bd\u538b\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u963b\u6b62\u5bf9\u624b\u53d1\u52a8\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u519b\u4e8b\u653b\u51fb\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f3a\u8feb\u5176\u9075\u5b88\u65e2\u5b9a\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u6216\u51b3\u8bae\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u6b63\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u901a\u8fc7\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u6d77\u519b\u5b9e\u529b\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u4e86\u5b83\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u9738\u4e3b\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u6b63\u59822017\u5e744\u670811\u65e5\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u6d77\u519b\u6838\u52a8\u529b\u822a\u6bcd\u5361\u5c14\u00b7\u6587\u68ee\u53f7 (USS Carl Vinson) \u9ad8\u8c03\u5730\u9a76\u5411\u4e86\u671d\u9c9c\u5916\u6d77\uff0c\u4f01\u56fe\u4ee5\u519b\u4e8b\u5a01\u6151\u8feb\u4f7f\u5e73\u58e4\u5f03\u6838\u3001\u505c\u6b62\u6311\u8845\u3002\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u6d77\u519b\u80fd\u5728\u652f\u6301\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u3001\u519b\u4e8b\u6218\u7565\u90e8\u7f72\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u548c\u5e73\u884c\u52a8\u4e2d\u53d1\u6325\u7740\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n
\uff081\uff09\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u519b\u4e8b\u5b9e\u529b<\/p>\n
\u6d77\u519b\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u7684\u8f6f\u808b\u3002\u81ea20\u4e16\u7eaa90\u5e74\u4ee3\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u51fa\u6d77\u8fdb\u884c\u6218\u6597\u5de1\u903b\u7684\u8230\u8247\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5c11\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u957f\u671f\u53d7\u7ecf\u8d39\u77ed\u7f3a\u56f0\u6270\uff0c\u4fc4\u6d77\u519b\u73b0\u5f79\u8230\u8247\u8001\u5316\u4e25\u91cd\uff0c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6709\u6548\u7684\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e0e\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u65e0\u529b\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u6dfb\u7f6e\u548c\u66f4\u65b0\u6b66\u5668\u88c5\u5907\u3002\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u6700\u8fd1\u897f\u65b9\u56fd\u5bb6\u5bf9\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5236\u88c1\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4e25\u683c\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u6d77\u519b\u5df2\u7ecf\u6ca1\u6709\u4e86\u548c\u4e16\u754c\u5176\u4ed6\u5f3a\u56fd\u6d77\u519b\u4e89\u950b\u7684\u5b9e\u529b\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u4fdd\u536b\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u5728\u4e9a\u592a\u5730\u533a\u5229\u76ca\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u53ea\u6709\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u7684\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u8230\u961f\u3002\u867d\u7136\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u66fe\u62e5\u6709\u5168\u7403\u9876\u5c16\u7684\u519b\u5de5\u79d1\u6280\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u76ee\u524d\u5b83\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5927\u591a\u6570\u519b\u5de5\u4ea7\u54c1\u90fd\u662f20\u4e16\u7eaa80\u5e74\u4ee3\u82cf\u8054\u65f6\u671f\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u3002\u8ddf\u73b0\u5728\u4fe1\u606f\u5316\u6c34\u5e73\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u6d77\u519b\u4e0d\u76f8\u4e0a\u4e0b\u7684\u65e5\u672c\u81ea\u536b\u961f\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u6d77\u519b\u5df2\u7ecf\u5927\u5927\u843d\u540e\u4e8e\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u7b14\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u82e5\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u6d77\u4e0a\u4f5c\u6218\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u4ee5\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u6d77\u519b\u5b9e\u529b\u662f\u80af\u5b9a\u9760\u4e0d\u4f4f\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n
\u636e\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u8054\u90a6\u8d22\u653f\u90e8\u516c\u5e03\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u8bc1\u5b9e\uff0c2017\u5e74\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u56fd\u9632\u9884\u7b97\u7ea6491\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u6bd4\u524d\u5e74\u4e0b\u964d\u4e8625.5%\u3002\u300a\u7b80\u6c0f\u9632\u52a1\u5468\u520a\u300b (Jane\u2019s Defence Weekly) \u751a\u81f3\u5927\u80c6\u5ba3\u79f0\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u81ea20\u4e16\u7eaa90\u5e74\u4ee3\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u519b\u8d39\u5f00\u652f\u7684\u6700\u5927\u4e00\u6b21\u51cf\u5e45\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4fc4\u519b\u5e38\u89c4\u519b\u4e8b\u529b\u91cf\u5728\u8d28\u91cf\u4e0a\u4e0e\u65e5\u672c\u76f8\u5dee\u751a\u8fdc\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u5374\u62e5\u6709\u76ee\u524d\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u89c4\u6a21\u6700\u5927\u7684\u6838\u6b66\u5668\u5e93\uff0c\u5176\u6838\u5f39\u5934\u4e00\u76f4\u4fdd\u6301\u7740\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u7b49\u7ea7\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u4ecd\u5177\u6709\u51b7\u6218\u65f6\u671f\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6bc1\u706d\u7684\u519b\u4e8b\u6253\u51fb\u80fd\u529b (Mutually Assured Destruction)\uff0c \u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u4eab\u6709\u8fde\u7f8e\u56fd\u81f3\u4eca\u4ecd\u65e0\u6cd5\u8d85\u8d8a\u7684\u5f39\u9053\u5bfc\u5f39\u6280\u672f\u3002\u5728\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u519b\u961f\u89c4\u6a21\u5168\u9762\u7f29\u6c34\u7684\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u5176\u5728\u5bfc\u5f39\u6b66\u5668\u4e0a\u7684\u6295\u5165\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5927\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5bfc\u5f39\u6b66\u5668\u4e00\u5411\u626e\u6f14\u7740\u626d\u8f6c\u52a3\u52bf\u7684\u5173\u952e\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u5728\u5e38\u89c4\u519b\u529b\u5904\u4e8e\u7edd\u5bf9\u52a3\u52bf\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u3002\u4fc4\u5236\u5bfc\u5f39\u5728\u53d9\u5229\u4e9a\u6218\u573a\u4e0a\u4f18\u5f02\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u6b63\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u80fd\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u65e5\u672c\u4e00\u76f4\u4e0d\u6562\u91c7\u53d6\u6b66\u529b\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u593a\u56de\u5317\u65b9\u56db\u5c9b\u3002<\/p>\n
\uff082\uff09\u65e5\u672c\u519b\u4e8b\u5b9e\u529b<\/p>\n
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3. \u4fc4\u65e5\u5916\u4ea4\u7b56\u7565<\/p>\n
\uff081\uff09\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u5916\u4ea4\u7b56\u7565<\/p>\n
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2014\u5e74\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u514b\u91cc\u7c73\u4e9a\u5371\u673a\u4e0e\u5f53\u4eca\u4fc4\u65e5\u5317\u65b9\u56db\u5c9b\u4e3b\u6743\u4e4b\u4e89\u6781\u5176\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002\u514b\u91cc\u7c73\u4e9a\u534a\u5c9b\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u66fe\u662f\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u9886\u571f\u3002\u5728\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u7cbe\u82f1\u7684\u773c\u91cc\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u7684\u52bf\u529b\u88ab\u4eb2\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u9010\u51fa\u514b\u91cc\u7c73\u4e9a\u534a\u5c9b\uff0c\u5317\u7ea6\u90e8\u961f\u5c31\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u8fdb\u9a7b\u9ed1\u6d77\u95e8\u6237\u2014\u2014\u585e\u74e6\u65af\u6258\u6ce2\u5c14 (Sevastopol)\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c06\u76f4\u63a5\u5bfc\u81f4\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u5357\u5317\u4ea4\u901a\u53d7\u5230\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u5a01\u80c1\u3002\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u514b\u91cc\u7c73\u4e9a\u534a\u5c9b\u4e0e\u5317\u65b9\u56db\u5c9b\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u76f8\u6bd4\u662f\u6709\u8fc7\u4e4b\u800c\u65e0\u4e0d\u53ca\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n
\uff082\uff09\u65e5\u672c\u5916\u4ea4\u7b56\u7565<\/p>\n
\u6b63\u5982\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u65e5\u672c\u957f\u671f\u626e\u6f14\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6700\u4f1a\u5229\u7528\u4e71\u5c40\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u4e89\u53d6\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u671d\u9c9c\u534a\u5c9b\u7684\u5c40\u52bf\u8d8a\u7d27\u5f20\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u5c31\u8d8a\u80fd\u4ece\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u519b\u4e8b\u6269\u5f20\u7684\u7406\u7531\u3002<\/p>\n
\u65e5\u672c\u548c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u6e0a\u6e90\u9887\u6df1\uff0c\u524d\u6709\u65e5\u4fc4\u6218\u4e89\uff0c\u540e\u6709\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u3002\u65e5\u4fc4\u6218\u4e89\u4e2d\u65e5\u672c\u5e1d\u56fd\u6d77\u519b\u5168\u6b7c\u4fc4\u56fd\u6c99\u7687\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u8230\u961f\u4e3b\u529b\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u6253\u51fb\u4e86\u6c99\u4fc4\u5728\u8fdc\u4e1c\u7684\u6269\u5f20\u3002\u800c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e8c\u6218\u7684\u6218\u8d25\u56fd\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u4e00\u5207\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u540e\u6765\u65e5\u672c\u5bf9\u4fc4\u56fd\u7684\u201c\u5fc3\u7406\u4f18\u52bf\u201d\u59cb\u7ec8\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u6218\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\u7f8e\u56fd\u6276\u690d\u65e5\u672c\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u519b\u4e8b\u80fd\u591f\u5982\u6b64\u8fc5\u901f\u5730\u53d1\u5c55\u58ee\u5927\uff0c\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u4e5f\u5f97\u76ca\u4e8e\u7f8e\u56fd\u51b7\u6218\u7684\u9700\u8981\u3002\u76f4\u5230\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u7f8e\u65e5\u4e24\u56fd\u5728\u6218\u7565\u4e0a\u5bf9\u6297\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u5728\u76f8\u5f53\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u8fd8\u662f\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u3002\u7279\u6717\u666e\u653f\u5e9c\u5df2\u7ecf\u5c06\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u89c6\u4e3a\u5176\u6700\u5927\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u5bf9\u624b\uff0c\u4e0d\u6392\u9664\u7f8e\u65e5\u8054\u624b\u5bf9\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u5b9e\u65bd\u6218\u7565\u56f4\u5835\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u5728\u5317\u65b9\u56db\u5c9b\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u671b\u5f97\u5230\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u63f4\u52a9\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
4. \u4fc4\u65e5\u7206\u53d1\u6b66\u88c5\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027<\/p>\n
\u7b14\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5728\u65e5\u672c\u6781\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u8ffd\u968f\u6b27\u7f8e\u52a0\u7d27\u5236\u88c1\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u4e4b\u9645\uff0c\u5347\u7ea7\u5317\u65b9\u56db\u5c9b\u4e3b\u6743\u4e89\u7aef\u3002\u800c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u9664\u4e86\u9009\u62e9\u6218\u4e89\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u6ca1\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u80fd\u591f\u7ef4\u62a4\u81ea\u5df1\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u4e86\u3002\u867d\u7136\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b9e\u529b\u8fdc\u4e0d\u53ca\u65e5\u672c\uff0c\u4f46\u9762\u5bf9\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u5f3a\u608d\u7684\u519b\u4e8b\u5b9e\u529b\u7684\u4e0d\u65ad\u6311\u8845\uff0c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u4f9d\u7136\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u5b9e\u529b\u5e94\u5bf9\u3002\u53d9\u5229\u4e9a\u6218\u4e8b\u5c31\u8db3\u4ee5\u8868\u660e\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u7684\u5b9e\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u4e00\u8d2f\u5949\u884c\u5f3a\u786c\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u6562\u4e8e\u52a8\u7528\u6b66\u529b\u7ef4\u62a4\u56fd\u5bb6\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u800c\u65e5\u672c\u5374\u4e00\u76f4\u6781\u529b\u907f\u514d\u8ddf\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u52a8\u6b66\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u5f62\u52bf\u6b63\u671d\u7740\u4e0d\u5229\u4e8e\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u4fc4\u82f1\u201c\u53cc\u9762\u95f4\u8c0d\u201d\u8c0b\u6740\u6848 (Poisoning of Sergei and Yulia Skripal) \u4f7f\u897f\u65b9\u4e0e\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u5173\u7cfb\u8fdb\u5165\u4e86\u201c\u5bd2\u51ac\u201d\uff0c\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u53c8\u5728\u75b2\u4e8e\u5e94\u5bf9\u53d9\u5229\u4e9a\u6218\u4e8b\u3002<\/p>\n
\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u6781\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u5019\u4ee5\u6b66\u529b\u593a\u56de\u5317\u65b9\u56db\u5c9b\uff0c\u4f7f\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u9677\u5165\u4e24\u9762\u53d7\u654c\u7684\u7a98\u5883\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u8003\u8651\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u7b14\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u6781\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u8d81\u6b64\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u6548\u4eff\u4fc4\u201c\u514b\u91cc\u7c73\u4e9a\u201d\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5728\u5317\u65b9\u56db\u5c9b\u4e3b\u6743\u4e89\u7aef\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u4ee5\u6b66\u529b\u6539\u53d8\u73b0\u72b6\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u6392\u9664\u4fc4\u65e5\u4e4b\u95f4\u518d\u5ea6\u7206\u53d1\u6b66\u88c5\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n
\u81ea\u65e5\u672c\u9996\u76f8\u5b89\u500d\u664b\u4e09\u4e0a\u4efb\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u4fc4\u65e5\u5c31\u5317\u65b9\u56db\u5c9b\u4e3b\u6743\u5f52\u5c5e\u95ee\u9898\u5c55\u5f00\u4e8630\u591a\u6b21\u4f1a\u8c08\u3002\u9274\u4e8e\u53cc\u65b9\u4e92\u4e0d\u8ba9\u6b65\uff0c\u4fc4\u65e5\u4e24\u56fd\u81f3\u4eca\u90fd\u672a\u80fd\u7b7e\u7f72\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e24\u56fd\u5173\u7cfb\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u548c\u5e73\u6761\u7ea6\u3002<\/p>\n
2018\u5e742\u67088\u65e5\uff0c\u5b89\u500d\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c4a\u201c\u5317\u65b9\u56db\u5c9b\u5168\u56fd\u8ba8\u8981\u5927\u4f1a\u201d\u4e0a\uff0c\u6b63\u5f0f\u5411\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u53d1\u51fa\u5f00\u6218\u9884\u8b66\uff0c\u5e76\u5ba3\u5e03\u5c06\u4f7f\u7528\u6b66\u529b\u593a\u56de\u5317\u65b9\u56db\u5c9b\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5317\u65b9\u56db\u5c9b\u65e0\u8bba\u4ece\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u6218\u7565\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u4fc4\u65e5\u53cc\u65b9\u975e\u4e89\u593a\u4e0d\u53ef\u7684\u6218\u7565\u8981\u5730\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u4ece\u5916\u4ea4\u5c42\u9762\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u4e00\u8d2f\u5949\u884c\u5f3a\u786c\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u6562\u4e8e\u52a8\u7528\u6b66\u529b\u7ef4\u62a4\u56fd\u5bb6\u5229\u76ca\u3002\u53ef\u89c1\u4fc4\u65e5\u53cc\u65b9\u4e89\u593a\u5317\u65b9\u56db\u5c9b\u7684\u6b66\u88c5\u51b2\u7a81\u96be\u4e8e\u907f\u514d\u3002<\/p>\n
\u968f\u7740\u53d9\u5229\u4e9a\u4fc4\u7f8e\u6218\u4e8b\u8d8a\u6f14\u8d8a\u70c8\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u6781\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u8ffd\u968f\u6b27\u7f8e\u52a0\u7d27\u5236\u88c1\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u4e4b\u65f6\uff0c\u8d81\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u75b2\u4e8e\u5e94\u5bf9\u53d9\u5229\u4e9a\u6218\u4e8b\u4e4b\u9645\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u6b66\u529b\u6539\u53d8\u5317\u65b9\u56db\u5c9b\u4e3b\u6743\u4e89\u7aef\u7684\u73b0\u72b6\uff0c\u81f4\u4f7f\u4fc4\u65e5\u6b66\u88c5\u51b2\u7a81\u521d\u9732\u7aef\u502a\u3002<\/p>\n
\u548c\u5e73\u89e3\u51b3\u4e89\u7aef\u56db\u5927\u969c\u788d<\/p>\n
\u5bf9\u4e8e\u548c\u5e73\u89e3\u51b3\u4fc4\u65e5\u5317\u65b9\u56db\u5c9b\u4e3b\u6743\u4e89\u7aef\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u7b14\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6709\u56db\u5927\u969c\u788d\uff1a<\/p>\n
1. \u4e3b\u6743\u7ea0\u7eb7<\/p>\n
\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5317\u65b9\u56db\u5c9b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u5272\u4e3a\u4e24\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5e76\u66fe\u610f\u56fe\u628a\u9f7f\u821e\u3001\u8272\u4e39\u4e8c\u5c9b\u5f52\u8fd8\u65e5\u672c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u65e5\u672c\u5374\u62d2\u7edd\u4e86\uff0c\u575a\u6301\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u5fc5\u987b\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u5f52\u8fd8\u5168\u90e8\u5c9b\u5c7f\u3002\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u4e3b\u5f20\u5728\u5317\u65b9\u56db\u5c9b\u95ee\u9898\u89e3\u51b3\u524d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5171\u4eab\u4e3b\u6743\u3001\u5171\u540c\u5f00\u53d1\uff1b\u4f46\u662f\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u5374\u575a\u6301\u5bf9\u8be5\u5730\u533a\u72ec\u7acb\u884c\u4f7f\u4e3b\u6743\uff0c\u7981\u6b62\u65e5\u672c\u4ecb\u5165\u3002<\/p>\n
2. \u6c11\u65cf\u5fc3\u7406<\/p>\n
\u4fc4\u65e5\u4e24\u56fd\u5728\u8fd1\u4ee3\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u4ea4\u950b\u4e0d\u65ad\uff0c\u5982\u65e5\u4fc4\u6218\u4e89\u3001\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u53cc\u65b9\u56fd\u5185\u90fd\u6709\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u60c5\u7ed3\uff0c\u4e24\u56fd\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u5728\u9886\u571f\u4e89\u7aef\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u53ea\u8981\u7a0d\u5fae\u5904\u7406\u4e0d\u5f53\u5c31\u4f1a\u80cc\u4e0a\u201c\u51fa\u5356\u56fd\u5bb6\u5229\u76ca\u201d\u7684\u9a82\u540d\u3002\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u524d\u603b\u7edf\u53f6\u5229\u94a6\u539f\u672c\u5e0c\u671b\u5f52\u8fd8\u5317\u65b9\u56db\u5c9b\u6362\u53d6\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u63f4\u52a9\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8feb\u4e8e\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u653f\u5e9c\u5185\u90e8\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u963b\u529b\u548c\u56fd\u5185\u8206\u8bba\u7684\u6307\u8d23\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u843d\u7a7a\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n
3. \u56fd\u9645\u73af\u5883<\/p>\n
\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5c06\u89e3\u51b3\u4fc4\u65e5\u4e24\u56fd\u4e89\u7aef\u89c6\u4e3a\u65e5\u672c\u201c\u4eb2\u4fc4\u8fdc\u7f8e\u201d\u7684\u4e3e\u63aa\u3002\u5317\u65b9\u56db\u5c9b\u4e3b\u6743\u4e89\u7aef\u95ee\u9898\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u64cd\u63a7\u4fc4\u65e5\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u800c\u65e5\u672c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u60f3\u4ee5\u6b64\u7834\u574f\u7f8e\u65e5\u540c\u76df\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u975e\u5e38\u6e05\u695a\u4f9d\u9760\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u519b\u4e8b\u529b\u91cf\u8fd8\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u4e0e\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u6297\u8861\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e00\u65e6\u4ecb\u5165\uff0c\u6218\u540e\u683c\u5c40\u5c06\u9762\u4e34\u91cd\u6784\uff0c\u5176\u540e\u679c\u5177\u6709\u591a\u91cd\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u65e5\u672c\u6b63\u5904\u4e8e\u5341\u5b57\u8def\u53e3\u3002<\/p>\n
4. \u653f\u6cbb\u7ecf\u8425\u9053\u5177<\/p>\n
\u4fc4\u65e5\u53cc\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\u90fd\u60f3\u5229\u7528\u5317\u65b9\u56db\u5c9b\u4e3b\u6743\u4e89\u7aef\u95ee\u9898\u4f5c\u4e3a\u653f\u6cbb\u7ecf\u8425\u7684\u9053\u5177\u30022015\u5e748\u670822\u65e5\uff0c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u603b\u7406\u6885\u5fb7\u97e6\u6770\u592b\u89c6\u5bdf\u5317\u65b9\u56db\u5c9b\u5f15\u53d1\u65e5\u65b9\u5f3a\u70c8\u4e0d\u6ee1\uff0c\u4f7f\u65e5\u672c\u653f\u5e9c\u5728\u5317\u65b9\u56db\u5c9b\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u4f5c\u51fa\u7684\u79cd\u79cd\u52aa\u529b\u5927\u6253\u6298\u6263\u3002\u5317\u65b9\u56db\u5c9b\u4e5f\u662f\u65e5\u672c\u653f\u5ba2\u4eec\u62c9\u9009\u7968\u65f6\u5fc5\u6253\u7684\u4e00\u5f20\u738b\u724c\u3002\u6b64\u79cd\u505a\u6cd5\u9664\u4e86\u653f\u6cbb\u201c\u4f5c\u79c0\u201d\u5916\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8be5\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u767e\u5bb3\u800c\u65e0\u4e00\u5229\u3002<\/p>\n
\u548c\u5e73\u89e3\u51b3\u4e89\u7aef\u65b0\u601d\u8def<\/p>\n
\u5904\u7406\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u7ade\u4e89\u65b9\u5f0f\u3001\u95ee\u9898\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u5f0f\u3001\u56de\u907f\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e09\u79cd\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u95ee\u9898\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u5f0f\u6700\u63a5\u8fd1\u4e8e\u51b2\u7a81\u5316\u89e3\u3002\u95ee\u9898\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u53cc\u65b9\u83b7\u5f97\u6ee1\u610f\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u672a\u6765\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u7ef4\u62a4\u53cc\u65b9\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u800c\u7ade\u4e89\u65b9\u5f0f\u5219\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u6b66\u529b\u6216\u6743\u529b\u4f18\u52bf\u538b\u5012\u5bf9\u65b9\uff0c\u4f7f\u51b2\u7a81\u7ed3\u679c\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u5df1\u65b9\u3002\u56de\u907f\u65b9\u5f0f\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u6709\u9650\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u9632\u6b62\u66b4\u529b\u548c\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u5347\u7ea7\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u4e0d\u80fd\u627e\u5230\u6ee1\u8db3\u5229\u76ca\u6216\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u7b14\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5317\u65b9\u56db\u5c9b\u4e89\u7aef\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e09\u79cd\u89e3\u51b3\u601d\u8def\uff1a<\/p>\n
1. \u6574\u5408\u6027\u4ea4\u6613 (Integrative Bargaining)<\/p>\n
\u4ece\u56fd\u5bb6\u53d1\u5c55\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u4fc4\u65e5\u53cc\u65b9\u5df2\u7ecf\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u4fc4\u65e5\u5c55\u5f00\u5168\u9762\u4e92\u4fe1\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5408\u4f5c\u8574\u85cf\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u6f5c\u529b\u3002\u4fc4\u65e5\u4e24\u56fd\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5177\u6709\u6781\u5927\u4e92\u8865\u6027\u3002\u65e5\u672c\u5177\u6709\u5de8\u5927\u8d44\u91d1\u548c\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u800c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u8d44\u6e90\u50a8\u91cf\u4e0a\u5360\u6709\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u3002\u4fc4\u65e5\u53cc\u65b9\u5e94\u8be5\u7740\u773c\u4e8e\u6269\u5927\u5404\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u5bfb\u6c42\u6e10\u8fdb\u3001\u8fc2\u56de\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u4e89\u8bae\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u91c7\u53d6\u4ee5\u80fd\u6e90\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5408\u4f5c\u589e\u8fdb\u4fc4\u65e5\u53cc\u65b9\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4e92\u4fe1\uff0c\u5e76\u5145\u5206\u5229\u7528\u201c\u8865\u507f\u6027\u539f\u5219\u201d\uff0c\u501f\u9274\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e9b\u4ee5\u8f6f\u5b9e\u529b\u6218\u7565\u89e3\u51b3\u9886\u571f\u4e89\u7aef\u6210\u529f\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n
2. \u6743\u529b\u578b\u65b9\u5f0f (Power-based Approach)<\/p>\n
\u6839\u636e\u76ee\u524d\u4fc4\u65e5\u53cc\u65b9\u5b9e\u529b\u5bf9\u6bd4\u548c\u56fd\u9645\u73af\u5883\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u660e\u663e\u5360\u6709\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u638c\u63e1\u201c\u5317\u65b9\u9886\u571f\u201d\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4e3b\u52a8\u6743\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u6b66\u529b\u89e3\u51b3\u4e3b\u6743\u5f52\u5c5e\u95ee\u9898\u5bf9\u4e8e\u65e5\u672c\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u6781\u5176\u4e0d\u5229\u7684\u3002\u65e5\u672c\u867d\u8bf4\u662f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0a\u7684\u5de8\u4eba\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u5374\u662f\u77ee\u5b50\uff1b\u800c\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u867d\u662f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0a\u7684\u4f8f\u5112\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6838\u8d85\u7ea7\u5927\u56fd\u3002\u53cc\u65b9\u90fd\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u81f4\u547d\u7684\u8f6f\u808b\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u5f00\u6218\uff0c\u6781\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u4e24\u8d25\u4ff1\u4f24\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4fc3\u4f7f\u53cc\u65b9\u8003\u8651\u7ef4\u6301\u73b0\u72b6\u624d\u662f\u4e0a\u7b56\u3002<\/p>\n
3. \u6743\u5229\u578b\u65b9\u5f0f (Rights-based Approach)<\/p>\n
\u4f9d\u636e\u300a\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u6d77\u6d0b\u6cd5\u516c\u7ea6\u300b (United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea)\uff0c\u6210\u7acb\u89e3\u51b3\u5317\u65b9\u56db\u5c9b\u4e3b\u6743\u4e89\u7aef\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u53f8\u6cd5\u673a\u6784\u3002\u4fc4\u65e5\u53cc\u65b9\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u62e5\u6709\u89e3\u51b3\u9886\u571f\u4e89\u8bae\u804c\u80fd\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u53f8\u6cd5\u673a\u6784\u76d1\u7763\u8fdb\u884c\u8c08\u5224\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5411\u5927\u9646\u67b6\u754c\u9650\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a (CLCS) \u63d0\u4ea4\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u70b9\u5fc5\u987b\u9610\u660e\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u56fd\u5bb6\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9886\u571f\u4e3b\u6743\u4e89\u8bae\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\uff0c\u90fd\u4f1a\u5207\u5b9e\u843d\u5230\u5f53\u4e8b\u56fd\u7684\u8eab\u4e0a\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u53cc\u65b9\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u653f\u6cbb\u4e92\u4fe1\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u624d\u80fd\u8fdb\u884c\u6709\u6548\u7684\u5bf9\u8bdd\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u5236\u5b9a\u51fa\u53cc\u65b9\u90fd\u80fd\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n
\u9274\u4e8e\u51b2\u7a81\u662f\u5f53\u4eca\u4e16\u754c\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u201c\u5916\u79d1\u624b\u672f\u201d\u5f0f\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u5f53\u7136\u4e0d\u662f\u6700\u6709\u6548\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u52a0\u5c14\u901a (John Galtung) \u6559\u6388\u6307\u51fa,\u548c\u5e73\u662f\u6240\u6709\u5f62\u5f0f\u66b4\u529b\u7684\u7f3a\u5931\u6216\u51cf\u5c11\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u201c\u51b2\u7a81\u201d\u89e3\u51b3\u6240\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u548c\u79e9\u5e8f\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u5f3a\u6743\u63a7\u5236\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u7684\u3002\u5b83\u66f4\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u66b4\u529b\u7684\u4e0d\u5728\u573a\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bb9\u5fcd\u7ed3\u6784\u6027\u66b4\u529b\u3002\u201c\u6d88\u6781\u201d\u548c\u5e73\u4e00\u822c\u53ea\u80fd\u89e3\u51b3\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u548c\u77ed\u671f\u5185\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u800c\u51b2\u7a81\u201c\u8f6c\u5316\u201d\u662f\u5f3a\u8c03\u7528\u975e\u5f3a\u6743\u65b9\u5f0f\u4fc3\u8fdb\u51b2\u7a81\u53cc\u65b9\u4ece\u7834\u574f\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u5411\u5408\u4f5c\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u8f6c\u53d8\u3002\u5b83\u4f1a\u6781\u529b\u907f\u514d\u51b2\u7a81\u8c08\u5224\u4e2d\u4e00\u65b9\u5bf9\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u6216\u538b\u8feb\uff0c\u5c3d\u529b\u6ee1\u8db3\u5bf9\u65b9\u7684\u9700\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n
\u548c\u5e73\u5b66\u8303\u7574\u5185\u7684\u201c\u548c\u5e73\u201d\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ee3\u8868\u201c\u51b2\u7a81\u201d\u7684\u4e0d\u5728\u573a\uff0c\u4e5f\u4ee3\u8868\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\u826f\u597d\u793e\u4f1a\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u73af\u5883\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8d85\u8d8a\u201c\u51b2\u7a81\u4e0e\u548c\u5e73\u7684\u5171\u5b58\u201d\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u6982\u5ff5\u8303\u7574\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5357\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u5386\u53f2\u7cfb\u5218\u6210\u535a\u58eb\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u548c\u89e3\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fc3\u4f7f\u51b2\u7a81\u5404\u65b9\u5173\u6ce8\u53cc\u65b9\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u5206\u4eab\u611f\u77e5\u548c\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u611f\u77e5\u548c\u5206\u4eab\u65b0\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u5b9e\u73b0\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u8f6c\u5316\u76ee\u7684\u3002\u201d\u7f8e\u56fd\u8457\u540d\u548c\u5e73\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u5bb6\u548c\u5b9e\u8df5\u8005\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u4fdd\u7f57\u00b7\u83b1\u5fb7\u91cc\u5947 (John Paul Lederach) \u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u51b2\u7a81\u201c\u8f6c\u5316\u201d\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u66b4\u529b\u7684\u6d88\u5931\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6df1\u5c42\u7ed3\u6784\u66b4\u529b\u7684\u6cbb\u7406\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7efc\u4e0a\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u7b14\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff1a\u51b2\u7a81\u201c\u8f6c\u5316\u201d\u6bd4\u51b2\u7a81\u201c\u89e3\u51b3\u201d\u66f4\u53ef\u53d6\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u901a\u8fc7\u4fc4\u65e5\u5185\u5916\u5bf9\u7acb\u53cc\u65b9\u52a0\u5f3a\u653f\u6cbb\u4e92\u4fe1\uff0c\u589e\u8fdb\u76f8\u4e92\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u63a8\u52a8\u4e92\u5229\u5171\u8d62\uff0c\u5317\u65b9\u56db\u5c9b\u4e3b\u6743\u4e89\u7aef\u624d\u80fd\u6709\u671b\u771f\u6b63\u4e88\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u6587:\u00a0 \u66fe\u8f89\u00a0 \u00a0\u6765\u6e90\uff1aIPP\u8bc4\u8bba \u81ea\u51b7\u6218\u7ed3\u675f\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u4e9a\u592a\u5730\u533a\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u552f\u4e00\u4e00\u4e2a\u6ca1\u6709\u7206\u53d1\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u968f\u7740\u8fd1\u5e74\u9891 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[2297,13189,1322,13190],"views":303,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/42374"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=42374"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/42374\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":43391,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/42374\/revisions\/43391"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=42374"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=42374"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=42374"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}