{"id":43424,"date":"2024-12-16T06:43:44","date_gmt":"2024-12-15T22:43:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/?p=43424"},"modified":"2024-12-16T07:39:11","modified_gmt":"2024-12-15T23:39:11","slug":"%e4%bd%a0%e6%89%80%e4%b8%8d%e8%a7%a3%e7%9a%84pku%e4%b8%8ethu%e6%9d%a5%e8%87%aa%e8%bf%99%e4%b8%aa%e4%be%b5%e5%8d%8e%e5%85%88%e9%94%8b","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/?p=43424","title":{"rendered":"\u4f60\u6240\u4e0d\u89e3\u7684PKU\u4e0eTHU,\u6765\u81ea\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4fb5\u534e\u5148\u950b"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"post_main\">\n<div class=\"post_info\"><strong>\u7f16\u8005\u6309\uff1a\u4ed6\u4eec\u6765\u81ea\u6cf0\u897f\u4e4b\u5730\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u6551\u4e16\u4e3b\uff0c\u4ea6\u975e\u98df\u4eba\u9b54\uff0c\u5728\u4e1c\u65b9\u8ffd\u5bfb\u98d8\u6e3a\u7684\u4f7f\u547d\uff0c\u5374\u4e0d\u7ecf\u610f\u95f4\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u3002<\/strong><\/div>\n<div id=\"content\" class=\"post_content\" data-cover=\"\">\n<div class=\"post_body\">\n<p><strong>\u4f5c\u8005: \u5f90\u6625\u4f1f\u00a0 \u6765\u6e90: \u7f51\u6613\u5386\u53f2<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5317\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u53eb\u505aPeking University\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662fBeijing University\uff1f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6e05\u534e\u5927\u5b66\u662fTsinghua University\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662fQinghua University\u5462\uff1f\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u662f\u90ae\u653f\u5f0f\u62fc\u97f3\u3002\u57281958\u5e74\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u6c49\u8bed\u62fc\u97f3\u6210\u4e3a\u56fd\u9645\u6807\u51c6\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2d\u6587\u62fc\u97f3\u6807\u51c6\u662f\u5a01\u59a5\u739b\u62fc\u97f3\u53ca\u5176\u53d8\u4f53\u90ae\u653f\u5f0f\u62fc\u97f3\u3002\u5a01\u59a5\u739b\u62fc\u97f3\uff08Wade\u2013Giles 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class=\"f_center\"><img src=\"https:\/\/nimg.ws.126.net\/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fdingyue.ws.126.net%2F4E7OeXPF7kqhrxcM3gyh3dxEXapUzXRlzldkcN1JQ0%3DTM1543974565200.jpg&amp;thumbnail=660x2147483647&amp;quality=80&amp;type=jpg\" 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Ying Lung\u2014t\u2019ian) \uff0c\u5e76\u8bf7\u4ed6\u4f5c\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5317\u4eac\u8bdd\u6559\u5e08\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1856\u5e74\u548c1857\u5e74\uff0c\u5a01\u59a5\u739b\u5148\u540e\u5bf9\u4e00\u6279\u82f1\u56fd\u8bd1\u5458\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u4e2d\u6587\u6c34\u5e73\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u7b80\u76f4\u4e0d\u582a\u5165\u76ee\u3002\u4ed6\u53d1\u73b0\u6ca1\u6709\u79d1\u5b66\u4e14\u5408\u9002\u7684\u6559\u6750\u662f\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u66f4\u597d\u670d\u52a1\u4e8e\u82f1\u56fd\u6b96\u6c11\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u51b3\u5b9a\u6539\u9769\u5b66\u4e60\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u4eb2\u81ea\u4e0a\u9635\uff0c\u7f16\u5199\u5317\u4eac\u5b98\u8bdd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6559\u6750\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u6559\u5b66\u4e66\u4fbf\u662f1859\u5e74\u7684\u300a\u5bfb\u6d25\u5f55\uff08the Hsin Ching Lu\uff09\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u300a\u5bfb\u6d25\u5f55\u300b\u5c01\u9762\u6b63\u4e2d\u95f4\u5199\u7740CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE STUDY OF CHINESE\uff0c\u8db3\u89c1\u6b64\u4e66\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u3002\u5c01\u9762\u9664\u201c\u5bfb\u6d25\u5f55\u201d\u4e09\u4e2a\u663e\u76ee\u7684\u5927\u6c49\u5b57\u5916\uff0c\u5e95\u4e0b\u8fd8\u6709\u201c\u6cf0\u5c71\u4e0d\u8ba9\u571f\u58e4\uff0c\u6cb3\u6d77\u4e0d\u62e9\u7ec6\u6d41\u201d\u4e24\u884c\u5c0f\u5b57\u3002\u6b64\u8bed\u51fa\u81ea\u6218\u56fd\u65f6\u671f\u674e\u65af\u300a\u8c0f\u9010\u5ba2\u4e66\u300b\uff1a\u201c\u6cf0\u5c71\u4e0d\u8ba9\u571f\u58e4\uff0c\u6545\u80fd\u6210\u5176\u5927\uff1b\u6cb3\u6d77\u4e0d\u62e9\u7ec6\u6d41\uff0c\u6545\u80fd\u5c31\u5176\u6df1\u3002\u201d\u5a01\u59a5\u739b\u5f15\u7528\u6b64\u8bdd\u7684\u544a\u8beb\u5b66\u4e60\u8005\uff0c\u5b66\u4e60\u6c49\u8bed\u8981\u65e5\u79ef\u6708\u7d2f\uff0c\u79ef\u5c11\u6210\u591a\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"f_center\"><img src=\"https:\/\/nimg.ws.126.net\/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fdingyue.ws.126.net%2F4nP8KhR3wd0KYkusMkrrA%3DVlRyER5cToUJ6EcTa9v%3DyS71543974565200.jpg&amp;thumbnail=660x2147483647&amp;quality=80&amp;type=jpg\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u300a\u5bfb\u6d25\u5f55\u300b<\/p>\n<p>\u300a\u5bfb\u6d25\u5f55\u300b\u5171\u5206\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u5929\u7c7b\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206\u300a\u5723\u8c15\u5e7f\u8bad\u300b\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\u5317\u4eac\u8bdd\u8bed\u97f3\u7ec3\u4e60\uff08EXERCISES IN THE TONEAND PRONUNCIATION OF THE PEKING DIALECT\uff09\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u8bfb\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u5317\u4eac\u8bdd\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u88ab\u62fc\u5199\u6210\u201cPEKING DIALECT\u201d\u5462\uff1f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f53\u65f6\u9664\u4e86\u5317\u4eac\u5b98\u8bdd\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e2a\u52bf\u529b\u6bd4\u8f83\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u5357\u4eac\u5b98\u8bdd\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u76f8\u5bf9\u63a5\u8fd1\u97f5\u4e66\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u751a\u81f3\u8981\u8d85\u8fc7\u5317\u4eac\u5b98\u8bdd\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u8bfb\u4e66\u97f3\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u3002\u5982\u5357\u4eac\u5b98\u8bdd\u7684\u58f0\u6bcd\u5206\u5c16\u56e2\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\u5b98\u8bdd\u53e3\u8bed\u97f3\u4e0d\u5206\uff0c\u4f46\u5317\u4eac\u8bdd\u8bfb\u4e66\u97f3\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u5206\u5c16\u56e2\u3002\u5357\u4eac\u5b98\u8bdd\u8fd8\u5b58\u5728\u5165\u58f0\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u53e3\u8bed\u6ca1\u5165\u58f0\u7684\u5317\u4eac\u8bdd\u8bfb\u4e66\u97f3\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u5165\u58f0\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u897f\u6d0b\u4eba\u53d7\u5357\u6d3e\u5b98\u8bdd\u5f71\u54cd\u5c06\u5317\u4eac\u62fc\u505a\u4e86\u201cPeking\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"f_center\"><img src=\"https:\/\/nimg.ws.126.net\/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fdingyue.ws.126.net%2FAZqKkmuoV2ZdvqeDlLVzxFcxm0jNZs%3DzQnVaGuelGmuCh1543974565201.jpg&amp;thumbnail=660x2147483647&amp;quality=80&amp;type=jpg\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u300a\u5bfb\u6d25\u5f55\u300b\u7b2c\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\u9996\u9875<\/p>\n<p>\u300a\u5bfb\u6d25\u5f55\u300b\u4e66\u540e\u6240\u9644\u6709\u4e00\u5f20\u300a\u5317\u4eac\u8bdd\u97f3\u8282\u8868\u300b\uff0c \u6765\u6e90\u4e8e1855\u5e74\u5e94\u9f99\u7530\u4ee5\u6a0a\u817e\u51e4\u300a\u4e94\u65b9\u5143\u97f3\u300b\u8bcd\u6c47\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u8bcd\u6c47\u8868\u3002\u8fd9\u4efd\u97f3\u8282\u8868\u5c31\u662f\u540e\u6765\u4eab\u8a89\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u201c\u5a01\u59a5\u739b\u62fc\u97f3\u201d\u7684\u96cf\u5f62\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5317\u4eac\u4eba\uff0c\u5e94\u9f99\u7530\u5c06\u300a\u4e94\u65b9\u5143\u97f3\u300b\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u5317\u4eac\u5b98\u8bdd\u53e3\u8bed\u7684\u5b57\u97f3\u4ece\u8868\u4e2d\u5254\u9664\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u5317\u4eac\u8bdd\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u8bfb\u97f3\u5b8c\u5168\u53d6\u6d88\u4e86\u5165\u58f0\u8c03\u5b66\u4e60\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5e94\u9f99\u7530\u8fd9\u4e2a\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u5728\u540e\u6765\u7684\u300a\u8bed\u8a00\u81ea\u8fe9\u96c6\u300b\u51fa\u7248\u65f6\uff0c\u5a01\u59a5\u739b\u5e08\u5f92\u906d\u5230\u4e86\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u897f\u6d0b\u6c49\u8bed\u6743\u5a01\u536b\u4e09\u754f\uff08Samuel Wells Williams\uff09\u5f3a\u70c8\u5730\u6297\u8bae\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"f_center\"><img src=\"https:\/\/nimg.ws.126.net\/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fdingyue.ws.126.net%2FbR%3D9fm3uBLjRcWMF%3DmVfGsPoHM7CQJV7iFXvad1d2rMm71543974565355.jpg&amp;thumbnail=660x2147483647&amp;quality=80&amp;type=jpg\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u300a\u5317\u4eac\u8bdd\u97f3\u8282\u8868\u300b\u65e0\u5165\u58f0<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4e00\u7edf\u62fc\u6cd5\u7684\u4eac\u97f3\u6559\u6750<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1867\u5e74\uff0c\u5a01\u59a5\u739b\u7684\u300a\u8bed\u8a00\u81ea\u8fe9\u96c6\uff08Y\u00fc yen tzu \u00earh chi\uff09\u300b\u521d\u7248\u56db\u5377\u672c\u5728\u4f26\u6566\u51fa\u7248\u3002\u4e66\u540d\u5178\u6545\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u5112\u5bb6\u7ecf\u5178\u540d\u8457\u300a\u4e2d\u5eb8\u300b\uff1a\u201c\u541b\u5b50\u4e4b\u9053\uff0c\u8b6c\u5982\u8fdc\u884c\uff0c\u5fc5\u81ea\u8fe9\u3002\u201d\u5b66\u4e60\u8981\u5faa\u5e8f\u6e10\u8fdb\uff0c\u7ee7\u7eed\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u300a\u5bfb\u6d25\u5f55\u300b\u4e2d\u7684\u6307\u5bfc\u601d\u60f3\u3002\u672c\u4e66\u82f1\u6587\u526f\u6807\u9898\u201cA Progressive Course\u2014\u2014Designed to Assist the Student of Colloquial Chinese as Spoken in the Capital and the Metropolitan Department\u201d\uff0c\u9053\u660e\u4e86\u6b64\u4e66\u7684\u7f16\u8457\u76ee\u7684\uff1a\u4e00\u5957\u5faa\u5e8f\u6e10\u8fdb\u7684\u8bfe\u7a0b\u2014\u2014\u4f9b\u5b66\u4e60\u901a\u884c\u4e8e\u4eac\u5e08\u548c\u76f4\u96b6\u8859\u95e8\u5b98\u8bdd\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"f_center\"><img src=\"https:\/\/nimg.ws.126.net\/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fdingyue.ws.126.net%2FAPRK2zNXRMTJYDUVxuW9gzJrwTaFQrqjJds%3DFaKsRcQy71543974565390.jpg&amp;thumbnail=660x2147483647&amp;quality=80&amp;type=jpg\" \/><\/p>\n<p>1867\u521d\u7248\u300a\u8bed\u8a00\u81ea\u8fe9\u96c6\u300b<\/p>\n<p>\u5b58\u7cb9\u4ee5\u5317\u4eac\u8bdd\u53e3\u8bed\u97f3\u4e3a\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u5b57\u5178\uff0c\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u662f\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u53cd\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\uff0c\u76f8\u5f53\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u5b98\u8bdd\u6559\u6750\u8fd8\u662f\u4ee5\u4f20\u7edf\u97f5\u4e66\u7684\u97f3\u7cfb\u62fc\u5199\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u6c49\u5b66\u5bb6\u827e\u7ea6\u745f\u5c31\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7528\u6765\u8bfb\u4e66\u7684\u5b98\u8bdd\u97f3\u5c31\u5e94\u8be5\u53c2\u7167\u4f20\u7edf\u5b98\u8bdd\u97f5\u4e66\u7684\u97f3\u7cfb\u62fc\u5199\u800c\u6210\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u300a\u5b98\u8bdd\u8bfe\u672c\u300b\uff08Progressive Lessons in the Chinese Spoken Language\uff0c1885\uff09\u5b57\u97f3\u5c31\u662f\u53c2\u7167\u300a\u4e94\u65b9\u5143\u97f3\u300b\u7684\u97f3\u7cfb\u62fc\u5199\u3002\u4e0d\u7ba1\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u300a\u8bed\u8a00\u81ea\u8fe9\u96c6\u300b\u4ee5\u5317\u4eac\u53e3\u8bed\u97f3\u4e3a\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u897f\u6d0b\u5b66\u751f\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u6837\u672c\uff0c\u5ba2\u89c2\u4e0a\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u5317\u4eac\u53e3\u8bed\u97f3\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u300a\u8bed\u8a00\u81ea\u8fe9\u96c6\u300b\u8fd8\u4f7f\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u8bed\u6559\u79d1\u4e66\u544a\u522b\u5357\u4eac\u5b98\u8bdd\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u8f6c\u5411\u5317\u4eac\u5b98\u8bdd\u6559\u5b66\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u521d\u7248\u300a\u8bed\u8a00\u81ea\u8fe9\u96c6\u300b\u5728\u5e8f\u8a00\u4e2d\u5f3a\u8c03\uff1a\u201c\u5b83\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u529f\u80fd\u662f\u5e2e\u52a9\u9886\u4e8b\u9986\u7684\u5b66\u5458\u6253\u597d\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u7528\u6700\u5c11\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5b66\u4f1a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5b98\u8bdd\u53e3\u8bed\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8fd8\u8981\u5b66\u4f1a\u8fd9\u79cd\u5b98\u8bdd\u7684\u4e66\u9762\u8bed\u3002\u201d \u5a01\u59a5\u739b\u5bf9\u6559\u5b66\u5bf9\u8c61\u548c\u6559\u5b66\u76ee\u7684\u505a\u5230\u4e86\u7cbe\u51c6\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u4ed6\u5ff5\u5ff5\u4e0d\u5fd8\u5e26\u9886\u51fa\u4e00\u6279\u7cbe\u901a\u5317\u4eac\u5b98\u8bdd\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u548c\u5916\u4ea4\u5b98\uff0c\u4e3a\u82f1\u5e1d\u56fd\u5229\u76ca\u725f\u5229\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u300a\u8bed\u8a00\u81ea\u8fe9\u96c6\u300b\u6b63\u6587\u90e8\u5206\u4e3a\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u300a\u53d1\u97f3\u300b\u3001\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206\u300a\u90e8\u9996\u300b\u3001\u7b2c\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\u300a\u6563\u8bed\u300b\u3001\u7b2c\u56db\u90e8\u5206\u300a\u95ee\u7b54\u300b\u3001\u7b2c\u4e94\u90e8\u5206\u300a\u7eed\u6563\u8bed\u300b\u3001\u7b2c\u516d\u90e8\u5206\u300a\u8c08\u8bba\u7bc7\u300b\u3001\u7b2c\u4e03\u90e8\u5206\u300a\u7ec3\u4e60\u71d5\u5c71\u5e73\u4ec4\u7f16\u300b\u548c\u58f0\u8c03\u7ec3\u4e60\u3001\u7b2c\u516b\u90e8\u5206\u8a00\u8bed\u4f8b\u7565\u4ee5\u53ca\u9644\u7f16\u3002\u5a01\u59a5\u739b\u867d\u7136\u5728\u8bfb\u97f3\u65b9\u9762\u65e0\u89c6\u8bfb\u4e66\u97f3\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u5b57\u5f62\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4ed6\u8fd8\u662f\u4e0d\u6562\u7a81\u7834\u6807\u51c6\u3002\u300a\u8bed\u8a00\u81ea\u8fe9\u96c6\u300b\u4ecd\u65e7\u4ee5\u6e05\u4ee3\u5b98\u4fee\u5b57\u5178\u300a\u5eb7\u7199\u5b57\u5178\u300b214\u90e8\u9996\u4e3a\u7eb2\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u90e8\u9996\u4f9d\u5e8f\u53f7\u3001\u5a01\u6c0f\u62fc\u97f3\u3001\u90e8\u9996\u3001\u82f1\u6587\u91ca\u4e49\u53ca\u4f8b\u5b57\u987a\u5e8f\u6a2a\u6392\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u672c\u5317\u4eac\u5b98\u8bdd\u5de5\u5177\u4e66\uff0c\u300a\u8bed\u8a00\u81ea\u8fe9\u96c6\u300b\u8bcd\u6c47\u4e0a\u5177\u6709\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u53e3\u8bed\u8272\u5f69\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\u300a\u6563\u8bed\u300b\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u5317\u4eac\u65b9\u8a00\u8bcd\u6c47\uff0c\u5982\u201c\u4eca\u513f\u201d\u201c\u660e\u513f\u201d\u201c\u540e\u513f\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4ee5\u6587\u8a00\u6587\u8bcd\u6c47\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6559\u80b2\u65b9\u5411\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"f_center\"><img src=\"https:\/\/nimg.ws.126.net\/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fdingyue.ws.126.net%2Fy5cy%3Dn77RxiSEJMIzxAB9Ji15rE2Yk8%3Dt7ME2L5EoAVUE1543974565438.jpg&amp;thumbnail=660x2147483647&amp;quality=80&amp;type=jpg\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u300a\u8bed\u8a00\u81ea\u8fe9\u96c6\u300b\u7684\u5317\u4eac\u65b9\u8a00\u8bcd\u6c47<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u7ba1\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u90e8\u51fa\u8272\u7684\u6c49\u8bed\u5de5\u5177\u4e66\uff0c\u300a\u8bed\u8a00\u81ea\u8fe9\u96c6\u300b\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u6210\u529f\u3002\u300a\u8bed\u8a00\u81ea\u8fe9\u96c6\u300b\u521d\u7248\u4e00\u7ecf\u95ee\u4e16\uff0c\u4fbf\u5f00\u59cb\u4e3a\u5404\u56fd\u9a7b\u534e\u4f7f\u9986\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u516c\u4f7f\u9986\u5c06\u8fd9\u90e8\u53e3\u8bed\u6559\u6750\u6307\u5b9a\u4e3a\u5b66\u4e60\u6c49\u8bed\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u6559\u6750\u3002\u300a\u8bed\u8a00\u81ea\u8fe9\u96c6\u300b\u65e0\u8bba\u5728\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u3001\u5317\u4eac\u8bdd\u8bed\u97f3\u53f2\u548c\u5bf9\u5916\u6c49\u8bed\u6559\u5b66\u53f2\u4e0a\u90fd\u5177\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u4ef7\u503c\uff1b\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5b83\u6700\u5177\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u8fd8\u662f\u786e\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u62fc\u97f3\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u5a01\u59a5\u739b\u62fc\u97f3\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u79d1\u5b66\u6027\u3001\u5b8c\u5584\u6027\u4e0a\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u6c34\u5e73\uff0c\u540e\u4e16\u56fd\u9645\u97f3\u6807\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4ee5\u53ca\u5404\u7c7b\u6c49\u8bed\u62fc\u97f3\u65b9\u6848\u8bbe\u8ba1\u65e0\u4e0d\u53d7\u5176\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"f_center\"><img src=\"https:\/\/nimg.ws.126.net\/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fdingyue.ws.126.net%2FUyDRJ21O1ETYksSzZdpZngUYgKAsGtJ1uPLQrelpxPXgN1543974565530.jpg&amp;thumbnail=660x2147483647&amp;quality=80&amp;type=jpg\" 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Hillier\uff09\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8\u7684\u6765\u534e\u8003\u8bd5\uff0c\u6b63\u5f0f\u6210\u4e3a\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5b66\u751f\uff0c\u5e08\u4ece\u5a01\u59a5\u739b\u5b66\u4e60\u4e2d\u6587\u3002\u4ed6\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6559\u6750\u6b63\u662f\u521a\u521a\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u300a\u8bed\u8a00\u81ea\u8fe9\u96c6\u300b\u30021886\u5e74\uff0c\u79a7\u5728\u660e\u534f\u52a9\u5df2\u7ecf\u662f\u5251\u6865\u6c49\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u7684\u5a01\u59a5\u739b\uff0c\u4e00\u8d77\u4fee\u8ba2\u4e86\u300a\u8bed\u8a00\u81ea\u8fe9\u96c6\u300b\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u4e0a\u6d77\u51fa\u7248\uff0c\u6b64\u4e3a\u4e8c\u7248\u3002\u5a01\u59a5\u739b\u8fc7\u4e16\u540e\uff0c\u79a7\u5728\u660e\u53c8\u4e8e1903\u5e74\u5728\u4e0a\u6d77\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u4e09\u7248\u4e24\u5377\u5220\u8282\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u540e\u4e24\u7248\u300a\u8bed\u8a00\u81ea\u8fe9\u96c6\u300b\u5e76\u672a\u50cf\u521d\u7248\u90a3\u6837\u5982\u671f\u53d6\u5f97\u6210\u529f\u3002\u5a01\u59a5\u739b\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u5ae1\u4f20\u5f1f\u5b50\u79a7\u5728\u660e\uff0c\u51fa\u4eba\u610f\u6599\u5730\u8d25\u5728\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u534a\u8def\u6740\u51fa\u7684\u72c2\u4eba\u624b\u4e2d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u72c2\u4eba\u7684\u4e66\u4e0d\u4f46\u6539\u826f\u4e86\u5a01\u59a5\u739b\u539f\u6709\u7684\u62fc\u97f3\uff0c\u8fd8\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e86\u300a\u8bed\u8a00\u81ea\u8fe9\u96c6\u300b\u6210\u4e3a\u4e2d\u6587\u62fc\u97f3\u65b0\u7684\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u5e76\u6210\u4e3a19\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\u548c20\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e0a\u534a\u53f6\u6700\u6709\u540d\u7684\u6c49\u82f1\u5b57\u5178\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u72c2\u4eba\u4fbf\u662f\u6709\u7740\u897f\u65b9\u6c49\u5b66\u754c\u516c\u654c\u3001\u82f1\u56fd\u6c49\u5b66\u4e09\u5927\u661f\u5ea7\u4e4b\u79f0\u7684\u7fdf\u7406\u65af\uff08Herbert Allen Giles\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u90e8\u5212\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u4f1f\u5927\u5de8\u8457\u53eb\u505a\u300a\u534e\u82f1\u5b57\u5178\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"f_center\"><img src=\"https:\/\/nimg.ws.126.net\/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fdingyue.ws.126.net%2FePOSDfATPh5JRP5rgRSgYjivFwdD4zUFXIJBClEaGYNR41543974565565compressflag.jpg&amp;thumbnail=660x2147483647&amp;quality=80&amp;type=jpg\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u7fdf\u7406\u65af<\/p>\n<p>1867\u5e74\u521d\uff0c\u5e74\u8f7b\u7684\u7fdf\u7406\u65af\u4e5f\u88ab\u82f1\u56fd\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8\u88ab\u6d3e\u9063\u5230\u5317\u4eac\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u5317\u4eac\u5b66\u4e60\u6c49\u8bed\u6700\u521d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u4e66\u6709\u4e09\u672c\uff1a\u9a6c\u793c\u900a\u7684\u300a\u4e94\u8f66\u97f5\u5e9c\u300b\u3001\u300a\u8bed\u8a00\u81ea\u8fe9\u96c6\u300b\u548c\u513f\u7ae5\u542f\u8499\u8bfb\u7269\u300a\u4e09\u5b57\u7ecf\u300b\u3002\u5b66\u4e60\u6c49\u8bed\u540e\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u521d\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u7fdf\u7406\u65af\u5c31\u840c\u53d1\u4e86\u7f16\u8f91\u6c49\u8bed\u5de5\u5177\u4e66\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u6811\u7acb\u4e86\u7edf\u4e00\u6c49\u8bed\u62fc\u6cd5\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u3002\u4ed6\u5bf9\u5a01\u59a5\u739b\u62fc\u97f3\u4e5f\u6709\u76f8\u5f53\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\uff0c\u201c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5a01\u59a5\u739b\u62fc\u6cd5\u8fd8\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u79cd\u79cd\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u9886\u4e8b\u9986\u548c\u6d77\u5173\u9887\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6807\u51c6\u62fc\u6cd5\u6709\u7f3a\u9677\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u81ea\u7f16\u97f3\u8bd1\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u5982\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\u6807\u51c6\u62fc\u6cd5\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u963b\u6b62\u524d\u8fdb\u7684\u6b65\u4f10\u201d\u3002\u4ed6\u5f00\u59cb\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u5730\u601d\u8003\u548c\u6539\u8fdb\u6c49\u8bed\u62fc\u97f3\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u8bf4\u5a01\u59a5\u739b\u7f16\u64b0\u6c49\u8bed\u5de5\u5177\u4e66\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5f53\u4f5c\u4fb5\u534e\u5de5\u5177\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u7fdf\u7406\u65af\u5219\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u51fa\u4e8e\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u7684\u70ed\u7231\u548c\u81ea\u6211\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u30021888\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u7ed3\u675f\u4f11\u5047\u51c6\u5907\u8fd4\u56de\u4e2d\u56fd\u65f6\uff0c\u5411\u82f1\u56fd\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u7533\u8bf7\uff0c\u8bf4\u5982\u679c\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u8bf7\u5c06\u4ed6\u6d3e\u9a7b\u5b81\u6ce2\u6216\u9547\u6c5f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u9886\u4e8b\u9986\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u5341\u5206\u6e05\u95f2\uff0c\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u4ed6\u7f16\u64b0\u300a\u534e\u82f1\u5b57\u5178\u300b\uff0c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u6b64\u65f6\u4ed6\u65e9\u5df2\u4f4f\u5728\u5b81\u6ce2\u4e86\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u6e05\u95f2\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e2a\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u4ed6\u5bf9\u5b81\u6ce2\u76f8\u5f53\u719f\u6089\u30021873\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u66fe\u5728\u5b81\u6ce2\u4efb\u804c\uff0c\u521d\u6b21\u4efb\u804c\u4e4b\u65f6\u5c31\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e86\u6e90\u4e8e\u5f53\u5730\u7684\u300a\u4e09\u5b57\u7ecf\u300b\uff1b1880\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u53a6\u95e8\u62c5\u4efb\u9886\u4e8b\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u4ed6\u8fd8\u66fe\u4e49\u6551\u4e00\u6279\u5b81\u6ce2\u672a\u6210\u5e74\u5c11\u5973\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ed6\u5728\u5f53\u5730\u535a\u5f97\u4e86\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u58f0\u671b\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8\u4fbf\u987a\u6c34\u63a8\u821f\uff0c\u6d3e\u4ed6\u524d\u5f80\u5b81\u6ce2\u9886\u4e8b\u9986\u4efb\u804c\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"f_center\"><img src=\"https:\/\/nimg.ws.126.net\/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fdingyue.ws.126.net%2FN25S%3DhwdUDXrOZeiIIxdoKl1DiBpunL9XvRrW950FyPgi1543974565591.jpg&amp;thumbnail=660x2147483647&amp;quality=80&amp;type=jpg\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u7fdf\u7406\u65af\u5728\u5b81\u6ce2<\/p>\n<p>\u300a\u534e\u82f1\u5b57\u5178\u300b\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u91cf\u975e\u5e38\u5de8\u5927\uff0c\u4ed6\u4fbf\u9080\u8bf7\u5e84\u5ef6\u9f84\uff08Edward Harper Parker)\u6765\u505a\u5173\u4e8e\u6c49\u8bed\u65b9\u97f3\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u5e84\u5ef6\u9f84\u4e5f\u662f\u82f1\u56fd\u9886\u4e8b\u5b98\uff0c\u6c49\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ed6\u5bf9\u6c49\u8bed\u65b9\u8a00\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u6709\u7740\u76f8\u5f53\u9ad8\u7684\u9020\u8be3\uff0c\u636e\u8bf4\u53ef\u4ee5\u548c\u6765\u81ea\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u7701\u7684\u4eba\u7528\u5f53\u5730\u7684\u65b9\u8a00\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u6d41\uff0c\u8fd9\u663e\u7136\u6709\u4e9b\u5938\u5f20\u7684\u6210\u5206\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u793a\u5176\u5728\u8bb2\u6c49\u8bed\u65b9\u8a00\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u64c5\u957f\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1892\u5e741\u6708\u81f311\u6708\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\u522b\u53d1\u6d0b\u884c\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u5171\u4e09\u5377\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u7248\u300a\u534e\u82f1\u5b57\u5178\u300b\u3002\u95ee\u4e16\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5f88\u5feb\u6210\u4e3a\u5916\u56fd\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5b66\u751f\u4eba\u624b\u5fc5\u5907\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u5de5\u5177\u4e66\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b57\u5178\u7684\u5b9e\u7528\u6027\u5b9e\u5728\u592a\u5f3a\uff0c\u5b83\u5305\u542b\u4e8612\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u6c49\u5b57\u8bfb\u97f3\uff0c\u7531\u5e84\u5ef6\u9f84\u7528\u5a01\u59a5\u739b\u65b9\u6848\u6807\u6ce8\u4e869\u79cd\u65b9\u8a00\u97f3\u548c3\u79cd\u57df\u5916\u6c49\u5b57\u97f3\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u7528\u5927\u5199\u82f1\u6587\u5b57\u6bcdC\uff08\u5e7f\u4e1c\uff09\u3001H\uff08\u5ba2\u5bb6\uff09\u3001F\uff08\u798f\u5dde\uff09\u3001W\uff08\u6e29\u5dde\uff09\u3001N\uff08\u5b81\u6ce2\uff09\u3001P\uff08\u5317\u4eac\uff09\u3001M\uff08\u534e\u4e2d\uff0c\u5373\u6c49\u53e3\uff09\u3001Y\uff08\u626c\u5dde)\u3001S 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