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\u4f5c\u8005: \u7f57\u798f\u60e0<\/p>\n

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\u4ece19\u4e16\u7eaa90\u5e74\u4ee3\u523020\u4e16\u7eaa\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u662f\u201c\u9ec4\u7978\u8bba\u201d\u7684\u6d41\u884c\u9ad8\u6f6e\u65f6\u671f\u3002\u4e2d\u65e5\u4e24\u56fd\u7684\u7532\u5348\u4e4b\u6218\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u4f7f\u897f\u65b9\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u65e5\u672c\u5d1b\u8d77\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u4f7f\u5f97\u4ed6\u4eec\u731c\u6d4b\u4e2d\u56fd\u6216\u8bb8\u4f1a\u56e0\u6218\u8d25\u7684\u523a\u6fc0\u800c\u594b\u8d77\u6548\u6cd5\u65e5\u672c\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4e0e\u65e5\u672c\u8054\u5408\u751a\u81f3\u63a5\u53d7\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u6307\u5bfc\uff0c\u4f46\u65e0\u8bba\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4f55\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u90fd\u975e\u897f\u65b9\u4e4b\u798f\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u5fb7\u7687\u5a01\u5ec9\u4e8c\u4e16\u5e7f\u4e3a\u4eba\u77e5\u7684\u201c\u9ec4\u7978\u56fe\u201d\u53ca\u5176\u540e\u4ed6\u4e0e\u4fc4\u7687\u5c3c\u53e4\u62c9\u4e8c\u4e16\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u51e0\u4e4e\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u65f6\u7684\u8206\u8bba\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002\u6b64\u540e\u4e8c\u5341\u4f59\u5e74\uff0c\u201c\u9ec4\u7978\u8bba\u201d\u8005\u4ee5\u4e2d\u56fd\u53ca\u65e5\u672c\u4e3a\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u8a00\u8bf4\uff0c\u5927\u81f4\u4e0d\u5916\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6570\u70b9\uff1a<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

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\u4e8c<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

\u679c\u7136\uff0c\u5728\u65e5\u672c\u4fb5\u5360\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e1c\u5317\u6570\u5e74\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5728\u201c\u4e03\u4e03\u4e8b\u53d8\u201d\u53d1\u751f\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u300a\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u6708\u520a\u300b(The Atlantic Monthly)1937\u5e745\u6708\u53f7\u4e0a\u520a\u51fa\u4e86\u957f\u671f\u672a\u66fe\u516c\u5e03\u7684\u5fb7\u7687\u5a01\u5ec9\u4e8c\u4e161909\u5e74\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u4f5c\u5bb6\u8d6b\u5c14\u7684\u8c08\u8bdd\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u201c\u8c01\u90fd\u77e5\u9053\u5728\u4e9a\u6d32\u548c\u897f\u65b9\uff0c\u5373\u767d\u79cd\u4eba\u548c\u9ec4\u79cd\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e8b\u60c5\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u2026\u2026\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u90fd\u77e5\u9053\u51b3\u5b9a\u5168\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u4eba\u7c7b\u547d\u8fd0\u7684\u4e00\u5927\u5371\u673a\u5728\u5f88\u5feb\u9760\u8fd1\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u618e\u6068\u767d\u4eba\uff0c\u72b9\u5982\u767d\u4eba\u618e\u6068\u9b54\u9b3c\u3002\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u662f\u9b54\u9b3c\uff0c\u90a3\u662f\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3002\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5371\u9669\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u65e5\u672c\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u65e5\u672c\u6210\u4e3a\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u4e9a\u7ec6\u4e9a\u7684\u9886\u8896\u3002\u65e5\u672c\u7edf\u4e00\u4e2d\u56fd\u2014\u2014\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u5a01\u80c1\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u6700\u5927\u7684\u574f\u4e8b\u201d\u7b49\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u62a5\u520a\u6b64\u65f6\u516c\u5f00\u5fb7\u7687\u5a01\u5ec9\u4e8c\u4e16\u5c06\u8fd1\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\u524d\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u9732\u9aa8\u8a00\u8bba\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u501f\u53e4\u55bb\u4eca\u3002<\/p>\n

2000\u5e74\uff0c\u6865\u5ddd\u6587\u4e09\u6559\u6388\u5728\u5176\u7f16\u8457\u7684\u300a\u9ec4\u7978\u7269\u8bed\u300b\u4e2d\u5927\u4f53\u6982\u62ec\u4e86\u897f\u65b9\u201c\u9ec4\u7978\u8bba\u201d\u7684\u6240\u6307\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u524d\u534a\u671f\u9ec4\u7978\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u662f\u65e5\u672c\uff0c\u540e\u534a\u671f\u5219\u88ab\u4ee3\u4ee5\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837(\u603b\u7ed3\u897f\u65b9\u4eba\u7684\u770b\u6cd5)\u5927\u6982\u4e0d\u9519\u5427\u201d\u3002\u9762\u5bf919\u4e16\u7eaa90\u5e74\u4ee3\u540e\u897f\u65b9\u201c\u9ec4\u7978\u8bba\u201d\u7684\u6d41\u884c\uff0c\u654f\u611f\u7684\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u8fc5\u5373\u4f5c\u51fa\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u897f\u65b9\u4eba\u7684\u4f18\u8d8a\u611f\u611f\u5230\u6c14\u6124\uff0c\u6b32\u6781\u529b\u6446\u8131\u201c\u9ec4\u7978\u201d\u7684\u9b54\u5492\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u53cd\u5b88\u4e3a\u653b\uff0c\u6307\u767d\u4eba\u4e3a\u7978\uff1b\u6216\u662f\u5ac1\u7978\u4e8e\u4eba\uff0c\u79f0\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u4e3a\u7978\uff0c\u4e3a\u6b64\u4e0d\u6015\u5728\u4eba\u79cd\u4e0a\u201c\u8131\u4e9a\u5165\u6b27\u201d\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u5728\u4eba\u79cd\u8bba\u4e0a\u53c8\u56de\u5230\u4e86\u9ec4\u79cd\u548c\u6709\u8272\u4eba\u79cd\u7684\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u4ee5\u6709\u8272\u4eba\u79cd\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u548c\u201c\u4e9a\u6d32\u7684\u89e3\u653e\u8005\u201d\u81ea\u5c45\uff0c\u7531\u201c\u88ab\u5bfb\u8845\u201d\u5230\u4e3b\u52a8\u201c\u5bfb\u8845\u201d\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u6311\u8d77\u4e86\u4fb5\u534e\u6218\u4e89\u548c\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u6218\u4e89\u3002\u8fd9\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u663e\u7136\u4e5f\u6709\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u6781\u7aef\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u5728\u53d1\u6325\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e09<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

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\u8f9c\u9e3f\u94ed\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u201c\u9ec4\u7978\u8bba\u201d\u4f7f\u4e2d\u56fd\u548c\u897f\u65b9\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u201c\u4e00\u79cd\u53ef\u6015\u7684\u5f7c\u6b64\u6050\u60e7\u72b6\u6001\u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u7d27\u8981\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u662f\u6d88\u9664\u6216\u8005\u81f3\u5c11\u662f\u201c\u51cf\u8f7b\u8fd9\u79cd\u53ef\u6015\u7684\u5f7c\u6b64\u6050\u60e7\u201d\u3002\u4ee5\u514d\u8fd9\u79cd\u6050\u60e7\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u53d1\u5c55\u4e3a\u4ec7\u89c6\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u548c\u897f\u65b9\u4eba\u90fd\u201c\u9700\u8981\u6269\u5c55(expansion)\u201d\u3002\u4ed6\u89e3\u91ca\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u6240\u8c13\u2018\u6269\u5c55\u2019\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u9700\u8981\u61c2\u5f97\uff1a\u90a3\u4e9b\u540e\u6765\u88ab\u5f52\u7eb3\u6210\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u6216\u5112\u6559\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u6c47\u7f16\u3001\u884c\u4e3a\u89c4\u8303\u4e0e\u4fe1\u6761\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u7edd\u5bf9\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u5b97\u6559\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u6587\u660e\u6216\u6b27\u6d32\u6587\u660e\u5e76\u975e\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u5b8c\u7f8e\u65e0\u7f3a\u7684\u6587\u660e\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u201d\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u201c\u81ea\u7701\u201d\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u201c\u575a\u5b88\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u548c\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u9648\u89c4\u6545\u5957\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u987d\u56fa\u6392\u65a5\u4e00\u5207\u65b0\u4e8b\u7269\u201d\u3002\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u53d1\u751f\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u8f9c\u6c0f\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5b8c\u5168\u62d2\u65a5\u897f\u65b9\u6587\u660e\u3002<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

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\u800c\u5728\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u201c\u9ec4\u7978\u8bba\u201d\u8005\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u5728\u8c08\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u660e\u3001\u5236\u5ea6\u3001\u73b0\u72b6\u53ca\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u6027\u683c\u548c\u7cbe\u795e\u7f3a\u9677\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u9c81\u8fc5\u5e76\u4e0d\u8d5e\u540c\u8bb3\u75be\u5fcc\u533b\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5f53\u7f8e\u56fd\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u660e\u6069\u6ea5(Arthur Henderson Smith)\u5728\u5176\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u7d20\u8d28\u300b(Chinese Characteristics)\u4e2d\u8f83\u591a\u8c08\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u7d20\u8d28\u7684\u7f3a\u9677\u800c\u906d\u5230\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\u65f6\uff0c\u9c81\u8fc5\u5374\u8ba4\u4e3a\u660e\u6069\u6ea5\u6279\u8bc4\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u505a\u4e8b\u201c\u6491\u573a\u9762\u7684\u5206\u91cf\u591a\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u8fd9\u8bdd\u5e76\u4e0d\u8fc7\u4e8e\u523b\u6bd2\u201d\uff0c\u4ed6\u5e0c\u671b\u4e2d\u56fd\u6709\u4eba\u8bd1\u51fa\u8be5\u4e66\uff0c\u8ba9\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u201c\u770b\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\uff0c\u800c\u81ea\u7701\uff0c\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u660e\u767d\u54ea\u51e0\u70b9\u8bf4\u5f97\u5bf9\uff0c\u53d8\u9769\u3001\u6323\u624e\uff0c\u81ea\u505a\u5de5\u592b\uff0c\u5374\u4e0d\u6c42\u522b\u4eba\u7684\u539f\u8c05\u548c\u79f0\u8d5e\uff0c\u6765\u8bc1\u660e\u7a76\u7adf\u600e\u6837\u7684\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u201d\u3002\u9c81\u8fc5\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u662f\u540c\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u6240\u6ca1\u6709\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u4e2d\u4e5f\u4e0d\u591a\u89c1\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u5177\u6709\u7279\u522b\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n

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