{"id":44000,"date":"2024-11-06T03:56:41","date_gmt":"2024-11-05T19:56:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/?p=44000"},"modified":"2024-11-06T03:56:41","modified_gmt":"2024-11-05T19:56:41","slug":"%e6%b0%b4%e7%a8%bb%e8%b5%b7%e6%ba%90%e6%88%98%e4%ba%89","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/?p=44000","title":{"rendered":"\u6c34\u7a3b\u8d77\u6e90\u6218\u4e89"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u4f5c\u8005\u00a0\u00a0\u5218\u5919\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u679c\u58f3\u7f51<\/p>\n<div class=\"article-summary\"><i 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L.P.P. de Candolle, 1806\u20131893\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u672c\u6765\u5b66\u7684\u662f\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c\u4f46\u56e0\u4e3a\u7236\u4eb2\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u8457\u540d\u690d\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ece\u5c0f\u7684\u8033\u6fe1\u76ee\u67d3\u6700\u7ec8\u8fd8\u662f\u8ba9\u4ed6\u5b50\u627f\u7236\u4e1a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u57281855\u5e74\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u690d\u7269\u5730\u7406\u8003\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5fb7\u5eb7\u591a\u5c14\u9996\u6b21\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u683d\u57f9\u4f5c\u7269\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u3002\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5174\u8da3\u957f\u4e45\u8426\u7ed5\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u8111\u6d77\u4e2d\uff0c\u57281882\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u53c8\u4e3a\u6b64\u4e13\u95e8\u5199\u4e86\u4e00\u672c\u4e66\u2014\u2014\u300a\u683d\u57f9\u690d\u7269\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"http:\/\/img.mp.itc.cn\/upload\/20161216\/80a63990d7614fb29abb1bcdbd4880a9_th.jpg\" 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sativa\uff09\u7684\u7956\u5148\u79cd\u662f\u666e\u901a\u91ce\u7a3b\uff08O. rufipogon\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u4ec5\u5728\u897f\u975e\u6709\u683d\u57f9\u3001\u4ea7\u91cf\u4e0d\u9ad8\u7684\u975e\u6d32\u7a3b\uff08O. glaberrima\uff09\u7684\u7956\u5148\u79cd\u5219\u662f\u77ed\u820c\u91ce\u7a3b\uff08O. 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src=\"https:\/\/i01piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/0c97bb1eb3a1e4cb\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u8881\u9686\u5e73\u5148\u751f\u5728\u7a3b\u7530<\/p>\n<p>\u4e8b\u5b9e\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u91ce\u751f\u7a3b\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u6c34\u7a3b\u6539\u826f\u7684\u786e\u53d1\u6325\u4e86\u65e0\u53ef\u66ff\u4ee3\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u2014\u2014\u6b63\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a1970\u5e74\u5728\u6d77\u5357\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u5929\u7136\u96c4\u6027\u4e0d\u80b2\u7684\u201c\u91ce\u8d25\u201d\u666e\u901a\u91ce\u7a3b\uff0c\u8881\u9686\u5e73\u624d\u7ec8\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u65e5\u672c\u5b66\u8005\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u201c\u4e09\u7cfb\u914d\u5957\u201d\u6742\u4ea4\u7a3b\u80b2\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u57f9\u80b2\u51fa\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u4ee3\u6742\u4ea4\u7a3b\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u4e16\u754c\u95fb\u540d\u7684\u519c\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u5fc3\u76ee\u4e2d\u7684\u82f1\u96c4\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/img0.baidu.com\/it\/u=1718414710,302087206&amp;fm=253&amp;fmt=auto&amp;app=138&amp;f=JPEG?w=500&amp;h=381\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u6d77\u5357\u4e09\u4e9a\u53d1\u73b0\u201c\u91ce\u8d25\u201d\u73b0\u573a<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4e89\u8bba\u6c34\u7a3b\u8d77\u6e90\u7684\u63a5\u529b\u68d2\u5c31\u4f20\u7ed9\u4e86\u8003\u53e4\u5b66\u5bb6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>20\u4e16\u7eaa50\u5e74\u4ee3\u523070\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u8003\u53e4\u5b66\u754c\u559c\u8baf\u9891\u9891\uff0c\u4ece\u65b0\u53d1\u6398\u7684\u9057\u5740\u4e0d\u65ad\u4f20\u6765\u53d1\u73b0\u7a3b\u8c37\u9057\u5b58\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u2014\u20141955\u5e74\u6e56\u5317\u4eac\u5c71\u5c48\u5bb6\u5cad\uff0c1959\u5e74\u91cd\u5e86\u5deb\u5c71\u5927\u6eaa\uff0c1973\u5e74\u6d59\u6c5f\u4f59\u59da\u6cb3\u59c6\u6e21\uff0c1979\u5e74\u6d59\u6c5f\u6850\u4e61\u7f57\u5bb6\u89d2\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u5982\u6b64\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u6c34\u7a3b\u9057\u5b58\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u8ba9\u6c34\u7a3b\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u683d\u57f9\u53f2\u6108\u52a0\u6e05\u6670\u3002\u867d\u7136\u5fb7\u5eb7\u591a\u5c14\u548c\u4e01\u9896\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u201c\u795e\u519c\u201d\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u795e\u8bdd\u4f20\u8bf4\u4e2d\u7684\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u4f20\u7edf\u6587\u5316\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fdc\u53e4\u53f2\u7684\u53d9\u4e8b\u6846\u67b6\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u73b0\u4ee3\u5b66\u672f\u53d1\u73b0\u63a8\u7ffb\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6c34\u7a3b\u7684\u683d\u57f9\u53f2\u5374\u8981\u6bd4\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f20\u8bf4\u66f4\u4e3a\u4e45\u8fdc\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u6cb3\u59c6\u6e21\u6587\u5316\u5c31\u662f\u65e0\u53ef\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\u7a3b\u4f5c\u519c\u8015\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u8ddd\u4eca\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u7ea67000\u5e74\u4e4b\u4e45\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5370\u5ea6\u5f53\u7136\u4e5f\u4e0d\u7518\u793a\u5f31\u300220\u4e16\u7eaa70\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b80\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u5317\u65b9\u90a6\u5148\u540e\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u67ef\u5c14\u8fea\u534e\uff08Koldihwa\uff09\u9057\u5740\u548c\u9a6c\u54c8\u52a0\u62c9\uff08Mahagara\uff09\u9057\u5740\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u6c34\u7a3b\u9057\u5b58\u7ecf\u521d\u6b65\u6d4b\u5b9a\u5206\u522b\u4e3a\u7ea68500\u5e74\u524d\u548c\u7ea67500\u5e74\u524d\u3002\u4e0d\u5149\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u5730\u533a\u4e5f\u534a\u8def\u6740\u51fa\uff0c\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u3001\u5370\u5ea6\u9f0e\u8db3\u6210\u4e09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>20\u4e16\u7eaa60\u201370\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u6cf0\u56fd\u63a5\u8fde\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u5386\u53f2\u60a0\u4e45\u7684\u9057\u5740\u30021966\u5e74\uff0c\u6cf0\u56fd\u897f\u5317\u90e8\u591c\u4e30\u9882\u5e9c\u7684\u795e\u7075\u6d1e\uff08Spirit Cave\uff09\u9057\u5740\u5f97\u5230\u53d1\u6398\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u636e\u8bf4\u8ddd\u4eca9000\u5e74\u7684\u6c34\u7a3b\u9057\u5b58\u3002\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5728\u6cf0\u56fd\u4e1c\u5317\u90e8\u5b54\u656c\u5e9c\u7684\u519c\u8bfa\u4ed6\uff08Non Nok Tha\uff09\u9057\u5740\u4e5f\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u636e\u8bf4\u8ddd\u4eca1\u4e07\u5e74\u7684\u7a3b\u8c37\u9057\u5b58\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u66f4\u795e\u5947\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u6cf0\u56fd\u4e1c\u5317\u90e8\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u73ed\u6e05\uff08Ban Chiang\uff09\u9057\u5740\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u751a\u81f3\u8fd8\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u636e\u8bf4\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u9752\u94dc\u5668\u3002\u4e3b\u6301\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d1\u6398\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u5b66\u8005\u5927\u559c\u8fc7\u671b\uff0c\u6025\u4e0d\u53ef\u8010\u5730\u629b\u51fa\u4e86\u201c\u6c34\u7a3b\u8d77\u6e90\u4e8e\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u201d\u3001\u201c\u94dc\u5668\u65f6\u4ee3\u59cb\u4e8e\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u201d\u4e4b\u7c7b\u8bf4\u6cd5\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u5b66\u754c\u5f88\u6709\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bf4\u6cd5\u4e00\u5ea6\u5341\u5206\u6d41\u884c\uff0c\u800c\u6cf0\u56fd\u5b66\u8005\u5f53\u7136\u4e5f\u6cbe\u6cbe\u81ea\u559c\uff0c\u968f\u58f0\u9644\u548c\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/img0.baidu.com\/it\/u=275038105,651076143&amp;fm=253&amp;fmt=auto&amp;app=138&amp;f=JPEG?w=640&amp;h=374\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u6cf0\u56fd\u73ed\u6e05\u9057\u5740\u51fa\u571f\u7684\u9676\u5236\u5bb9\u5668\u3002\u56fe\u7247\uff1aBan Chiang National Museum<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u5b8c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9762\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e48\u591a\u8003\u53e4\u65b0\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u4e00\u9762\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u627f\u8ba4\u4e2d\u56fd\u548c\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u7684\u786e\u6709\u60a0\u4e45\u7684\u7a3b\u4f5c\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u4e00\u9762\u53c8\u6267\u610f\u4e0d\u80af\u653e\u5f03\u6c34\u7a3b\u8d77\u6e90\u4e8e\u5370\u5ea6\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\u6709\u4e2a\u53eb\u6e21\u90e8\u5fe0\u4e16\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u5c31\u641e\u4e86\u4e2a\u6298\u8877\u2014\u2014\u6c34\u7a3b\u8d77\u6e90\u4e8e\u5370\u5ea6\u4e1c\u5317\u90e8\u7684\u963f\u8428\u59c6\u5730\u533a\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e91\u5357\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u6765\uff0c\u5b83\u65e2\u53ef\u4ee5\u5411\u897f\u4f20\u5230\u5370\u5ea6\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u53c8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5411\u4e1c\u4f20\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e1c\u90e8\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5411\u4e1c\u5357\u4f20\u5230\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\uff0c\u4e09\u8fb9\u90fd\u80fd\u7167\u987e\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ea6\u5999\u54c9\uff01<\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u8003\u53e4\u5b66\u754c\u65b0\u8bf4\u8fed\u51fa\uff0c\u5404\u6267\u4e00\u8bcd\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u6bb5\u8003\u53e4\u5927\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u72c2\u70ed\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5b66\u754c\u603b\u7b97\u9010\u6e10\u56de\u5f52\u51b7\u9759\u3002\u6cf0\u56fd\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u9996\u5148\u906d\u5230\u4e86\u8d28\u7591\uff0c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5c31\u662f\u9274\u5b9a\u4e0d\u51c6\uff0c\u4e00\u70b9\u70b9\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e0d\u6210\u6837\u5b50\u7684\u9057\u5b58\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba4\u5b9a\u662f\u7a3b\u8c37\uff0c\u6d45\u6d45\u7684\u51e0\u9053\u538b\u75d5\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8111\u8865\u6210\u683d\u57f9\u7a3b\u7684\u58f3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6d4b\u5e74\u4e0d\u51c6\u4e5f\u9887\u4e3a\u4eba\u8bdf\u75c5\uff0c\u6709\u5b66\u8005\u5c31\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7a3b\u8c37\u9057\u5b58\u5176\u5b9e\u53ef\u80fd\u90fd\u4e0d\u65e9\u4e8e5600\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u660e\u663e\u665a\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u6cb3\u59c6\u6e21\u6587\u5316\u4e86\uff1b\u8fde\u90a3\u4e2a\u201c\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u9752\u94dc\u5668\u201d\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u53d1\u73b0\u4e5f\u4e0d\u65e9\u4e8e3500\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u800c\u4e2d\u56fd\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u9752\u94dc\u5668\u2014\u2014\u7518\u8083\u9a6c\u5bb6\u7a91\u9057\u5740\u9752\u94dc\u5c0f\u5200\u2014\u2014\u5b9a\u5e74\u53ef\u662f\u7ea64700\u5e74\u524d\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u6700\u53e4\u8001\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u6c34\u7a3b\u9057\u5b58\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6050\u6015\u4e0d\u65e9\u4e8e4500\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u8981\u8bf4\u5370\u5ea6\u771f\u6b63\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u6c34\u7a3b\u9057\u5b58\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u5b9a\u5e74\u66f4\u8981\u665a\u52304000\u5e74\u524d\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u6765\uff0c\u8003\u53e4\u8bc1\u636e\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u5c31\u53d8\u5f97\u6709\u5229\u8d77\u6765\u300220\u4e16\u7eaa80\u5e74\u4ee3\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u53c8\u9646\u7eed\u53d1\u6398\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u542b\u6709\u6c34\u7a3b\u9057\u5b58\u7684\u53e4\u8001\u9057\u5740\u2014\u20141988\u5e74\u6e56\u5357\u6fa7\u53bf\u5f6d\u5934\u5c71\uff0c1993\u5e74\u6e56\u5357\u9053\u53bf\u7389\u87fe\u5ca9\uff0c1996\u5e74\u5e7f\u4e1c\u82f1\u5fb7\u725b\u680f\u6d1e\uff0c1999\u5e74\u6c5f\u897f\u4e07\u5e74\u4ed9\u4eba\u6d1e\uff0c2000\u5e74\u6d59\u6c5f\u6d66\u6c5f\u4e0a\u5c71\u7b49\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u7389\u87fe\u5ca9\u9057\u5740\u51fa\u571f\u76841\u7c92\u70ad\u5316\u7a3b\u8c37\u5b9a\u5e74\u4e3a\u7ea61.2\u4e07\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u4ed9\u4eba\u6d1e\u9057\u5740\u4e5f\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u7ea61.2\u4e07\u5e74\u524d\u7684\u6c34\u7a3b\u7ec6\u80de\u201c\u690d\u7845\u4f53\u201d\u5316\u77f3\uff0c\u800c\u8fd11\u4e07\u5e74\u524d\u7684\u4e0a\u5c71\u9057\u5740\u66f4\u662f\u51fa\u571f\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u7a3b\u58f3\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u548c\u6cf0\u56fd\u3001\u5370\u5ea6\u90a3\u4e9b\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u9057\u5b58\u540c\u4e00\u6863\u6b21\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u627f\u8ba4\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53e4\u7a3b\u9057\u5b58\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u6c34\u7a3b\u7684\u9a6f\u5316\uff0c\u90a3\u4e2d\u56fd\u5357\u65b9\u5f53\u4e4b\u65e0\u6127\u662f\u5df2\u77e5\u6700\u65e9\u9a6f\u5316\u6c34\u7a3b\u7684\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u53ea\u627f\u8ba4\u90a3\u4e9b\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u6c34\u7a3b\u9057\u5b58\uff0c\u67097000\u5e74\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u6cb3\u59c6\u6e21\u9057\u5740\u4e5f\u8981\u65e9\u4e8e\u53ea\u67094000\u5e74\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u5370\u5ea6\u6052\u6cb3\u6d41\u57df\u8bf8\u9057\u5740\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u53e4\u7a3b\u9057\u5b58\u96c6\u4e2d\u51fa\u571f\u4e8e\u957f\u6c5f\u6d41\u57df\uff0c\u5728\u534e\u5357\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u53e4\u7a3b\u9057\u5b58\u53cd\u5012\u8f83\u5c11\uff0c\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e5f\u660e\u663e\u504f\u665a\uff08\u4ec5\u725b\u680f\u6d1e\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u6c34\u7a3b\u690d\u7845\u4f53\u5316\u77f3\u5b9a\u5e74\u4e3a1.1\u4e07\u5e74\u524d\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u4e01\u9896\u4e3b\u5f20\u7684\u6c34\u7a3b\u8d77\u6e90\u4e8e\u534e\u5357\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u4e5f\u4e0d\u6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src=\"https:\/\/i02piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/097719ea3903f494\" 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src=\"https:\/\/i01piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/2f842f0bb4abbd10\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u76f4\u7acb\u3001\u79cd\u5b50\u4e0d\u6563\u843d\u4f7f\u6c34\u7a3b\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u6210\u529f\u7684\u519c\u4f5c\u7269<\/p>\n<p>\u56fe\u7247\uff1ashutterstock.com<\/p>\n<p>2011\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5723\u8def\u6613\u65af\u534e\u76db\u987f\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u82ad\u82ad\u62c9\u00b7\u6c99\u5c14\uff08Barbara A. 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