{"id":44183,"date":"2024-11-19T13:04:42","date_gmt":"2024-11-19T05:04:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/?p=44183"},"modified":"2024-11-21T14:29:46","modified_gmt":"2024-11-21T06:29:46","slug":"%e4%bc%a0%e7%bb%9f%e3%80%81%e9%9d%a9%e5%91%bd%e4%b8%8e%e6%80%a7%e5%88%ab-%e5%8d%8e%e5%8c%97%e6%a0%b9%e6%8d%ae%e5%9c%b0%e5%a6%bb%e4%bc%91%e5%a4%ab%e7%8e%b0%e8%b1%a1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/?p=44183","title":{"rendered":"\u4f20\u7edf\u3001\u9769\u547d\u4e0e\u6027\u522b\u2014\u2014\u534e\u5317\u6839\u636e\u5730\u201c\u59bb\u4f11\u592b\u201d\u73b0\u8c61\u8bc4\u6790(1941\u20141949)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u4f5c\u8005: \u6c5f\u6c9b<span lang=\"EN-US\">(1964<\/span>\u2014<span lang=\"EN-US\">)<\/span>\uff0c\u7537\uff0c\u6cb3\u5357\u5f00\u5c01\u4eba\uff0c\u5357\u5f00\u5927\u5b66\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u9662\u6559\u6388\uff1b\u738b\u5fae<span lang=\"EN-US\">(1985<\/span>\u2014<span lang=\"EN-US\">)<\/span>\uff0c\u5973\uff0c\u6cb3\u5317\u4fdd\u5b9a\u4eba\uff0c\u5357\u5f00\u5927\u5b66\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u9662\u535a\u58eb\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/img0.baidu.com\/it\/u=3107698170,3948034521&amp;fm=253&amp;fmt=auto&amp;app=120&amp;f=JPEG?w=585&amp;h=500\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"EN-US\">1940<\/span>\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u534e\u5317\u5404\u6839\u636e\u5730\u9646\u7eed\u9881\u5e03\u5a5a\u59fb\u6761\u4f8b\u53ca\u5987\u5973\u52a8\u5458\u7684\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5f00\u5c55\uff0c\u4ee5\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u52a8\u63d0\u51fa\u4e3a\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u201c\u59bb\u4f11\u592b\u201d\u79bb\u5a5a\u73b0\u8c61\u6025\u5267\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u4ece\u516c\u79c1\u4e24\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u548c\u4f20\u7edf\u3001\u9769\u547d\u3001\u6027\u522b\u4e09\u4e2a\u89c6\u9608\u5207\u5165\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7aa5\u89c1\u8fd9\u4e00\u5a5a\u59fb\u53d8\u9769\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u66f2\u6298\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53ca\u5176\u4e0e\u6c11\u65cf\u6218\u4e89\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u53d8\u9769\u3001\u6027\u522b\u89e3\u653e\u7b49\u76f8\u4e92\u7ea0\u7f20\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u201c\u59bb\u4f11\u592b\u201d\u73b0\u8c61\u6240\u5448\u73b0\u7684\u5a5a\u59fb\u81ea\u7531\u8bc9\u6c42\u3001\u6297\u6218\u9700\u8981\u4e0e\u4e61\u6751\u4e60\u4fd7\u3001\u5bb6\u5ead\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u7a33\u5b9a\u9700\u6c42\u95f4\u7684\u9889\u9883\uff0c\u4f7f\u5404\u5730\u4e2d\u5171\u653f\u6743\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e2d\u9646\u7eed\u8c03\u6574\u5973\u6027\u5a5a\u59fb\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u4ece\u652f\u6301\u201c\u59bb\u4f11\u592b\u201d\u91cd\u65b0\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u4ee5\u7ef4\u62a4\u7a33\u5b9a\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7684\u5a5a\u59fb\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u4ee5\u9002\u5e94\u60c5\u4e0e\u6cd5\u51b2\u7a81\u4e0b\u4e61\u6751\u793e\u4f1a\u5b9e\u6001\u548c\u519b\u5fc3\u7a33\u5b9a\u9700\u8981\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8df3\u51fa\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u201c\u538b\u8feb\u2014\u89e3\u653e\u201d\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u6839\u636e\u5730\u4e61\u6751\u5973\u6027\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3001\u5a5a\u59fb\u3001\u60c5\u611f\u7684\u591a\u91cd\u8003\u5bdf\u4e0e\u4e61\u6751\u4f20\u7edf\u3001\u6c11\u65cf\u6218\u4e89\u3001\u9769\u547d\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\u80cc\u666f\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u5ba2\u89c2\u9610\u91ca\u6218\u65f6\u534e\u5317\u5404\u6839\u636e\u5730\u5973\u6027\u5a5a\u59fb\u53d8\u9769\u53ca\u5987\u5973\u89e3\u653e\u7684\u5b9e\u6001\u53ca\u610f\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u79bb\u5a5a\u5373\u5a5a\u59fb\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u89e3\u9664\u3002\u6c11\u56fd\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u5927\u57ce\u5e02\u79bb\u5a5a\u73b0\u8c61\u8f83\u591a\uff0c\u534e\u5317\u4e61\u6751\u79bb\u5a5a\u8005\u6781\u5c11\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7ea6\u675f\u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf\u5a5a\u59fb\u89c2\u5ff5\u6839\u6df1\u8482\u56fa\u3002\u674e\u666f\u6c49\u7684\u300a\u5b9a\u53bf\u793e\u4f1a\u6982\u51b5\u8c03\u67e5\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ec5\u6709\u4e24\u8d77\u79bb\u5a5a\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\">1933<\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u5168\u56fd\u592b\u5987\u79bb\u5a5a\u8005<span lang=\"EN-US\">2<\/span>\u4e07\u4f59\u4eba\uff0c\u4e14\u201c\u79c1\u884c\u79bb\u5f02\u4e0d\u7531\u5b98\u65ad\u8005\uff0c\u5c1a\u4e0d\u5728\u6570\u3002\u4f46\u6b64\u6cf0\u534a\u51fa\u4e8e\u901a\u90fd\u5927\u9091\uff0c\u800c\u4e61\u91cc\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u591a\u5b88\u65e7\u793c\uff0c\u4e0d\u7a0d\u53d8\u79fb\u201d\u3002\u2460\u97e9\u4e01\u4e5f\u6709\u7c7b\u4f3c\u63cf\u8ff0\uff1a\u201c\u5728\u5f20\u5e84\u4ece\u6765\u6ca1\u6709\u6279\u51c6\u8fc7\u79bb\u5a5a\u7684\u4e8b\uff0c\u81ea\u53e4\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5973\u4eba\u5f97\u5230\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5141\u8bb8\u800c\u79bb\u5f00\u5979\u7684\u7537\u4eba\u3002\u201d\u2461<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u4f20\u7edf\u4e61\u6751\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\uff0c\u5973\u6027\u56e0\u4f53\u80fd\u5f31\u52bf\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u4ee5\u201c\u5973\u7ec7\u201d\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u53c2\u4e0e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u751f\u4ea7\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u5bfc\u81f4\u5973\u6027\u5728\u7537\u6743\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u88ab\u52a8\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u4e60\u4fd7\u5bf9\u5973\u6027\u5f62\u6210\u79cd\u79cd\u675f\u7f1a\u3002\u4e70\u5356\u5a5a\u59fb\u3001\u65e9\u5a5a\u3001\u6362\u5a5a\u3001\u51a5\u5a5a\u3001\u7eb3\u5c0f\u84c4\u59be\u591a\u6709\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5a5a\u5185\u66b4\u529b\u8f83\u666e\u904d\uff0c\u5973\u6027\u65e0\u529b\u628a\u63e1\u5a5a\u59fb\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u53c2\u4e0e\u5bb6\u65cf\u6216\u4e61\u6751\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u66f4\u5c0f\u3002\u4ece\u6027\u522b\u7ef4\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u5360\u4eba\u53e3\u4e00\u534a\u7684\u5973\u6027\uff0c\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u8f83\u4f4e\uff0c\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u4e5f\u88ab\u6709\u610f\u65e0\u610f\u5730\u5c4f\u853d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6297\u6218\u7206\u53d1\u540e\uff0c\u4e2d\u5171\u5728\u534e\u5317\u5730\u533a\u9646\u7eed\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u664b\u5bdf\u5180\u3001\u664b\u7ee5\u3001\u664b\u5180\u9c81\u8c6b\u548c\u5c71\u4e1c\u56db\u4e2a\u6839\u636e\u5730\u3002\u5404\u5730\u9752\u58ee\u7537\u6027\u5927\u91cf\u53c2\u6218\uff0c\u5730\u65b9\u5efa\u8bbe\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u751f\u4ea7\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u79e9\u5e8f\u7ef4\u6301\u4ee5\u53ca\u652f\u63f4\u6218\u4e89\u65b9\u9762\u90fd\u51fa\u73b0\u4eba\u529b\u4e0d\u8db3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5404\u5730\u4e2d\u5171\u7ec4\u7ec7\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\uff1a\u201c\u52a8\u5458\u5360\u5168\u4f53\u519c\u6751\u4eba\u53e3\u4e00\u534a\u7684\u519c\u6751\u5987\u5973\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5f00\u5c55\u5168\u56fd\u6551\u4ea1\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u4e89\u53d6\u6297\u6218\u6700\u540e\u80dc\u5229\uff0c\u662f\u6709\u5f02\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u3002\u201d\u2462\u81f3<span lang=\"EN-US\">1940<\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u9655\u7518\u5b81\u8fb9\u533a\u5987\u8054\u5df2\u6709\u4f1a\u5458<span lang=\"EN-US\">20<\/span>\u4e07\u4eba\uff0c\u664b\u5bdf\u5180\u8fb9\u533a\u5987\u6551\u4f1a\u4f1a\u5458\u4e5f\u8fbe<span lang=\"EN-US\">23<\/span>\u4e07\u4eba\uff0c\u2463\u5c71\u4e1c\u7701\u6709<span lang=\"EN-US\">50<\/span>\u4f59\u53bf\u7684<span lang=\"EN-US\">31<\/span>\u4e07\u4f59\u540d\u5987\u5973\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e86\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u2464<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u6b64\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u5171\u5987\u5973\u89e3\u653e\u7406\u5ff5\u4ee5\u53ca\u8ba9\u5973\u6027\u8d70\u51fa\u5bb6\u95e8\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u6297\u6218\u7684\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u5404\u6839\u636e\u5730\u81ea<span lang=\"EN-US\">1940<\/span>\u5e74\u521d\u9646\u7eed\u9881\u5e03\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u5a5a\u59fb\u6cd5\u89c4\uff0c\u5982\u300a\u664b\u897f\u5317\u5a5a\u59fb\u6682\u884c\u6761\u4f8b\u300b<span lang=\"EN-US\">(1941<\/span>\u5e74<span lang=\"EN-US\">4<\/span>\u6708<span lang=\"EN-US\">1<\/span>\u65e5<span lang=\"EN-US\">)<\/span>\u3001\u300a\u664b\u5bdf\u5180\u8fb9\u533a\u5a5a\u59fb\u6761\u4f8b\u8349\u6848\u300b<span lang=\"EN-US\">(1941<\/span>\u5e74<span lang=\"EN-US\">7<\/span>\u6708<span lang=\"EN-US\">7<\/span>\u65e5<span lang=\"EN-US\">)<\/span>\u3001\u300a\u664b\u5180\u9c81\u8c6b\u8fb9\u533a\u5a5a\u59fb\u6682\u884c\u6761\u4f8b\u300b<span lang=\"EN-US\">(1942<\/span>\u5e74<span lang=\"EN-US\">1<\/span>\u6708<span lang=\"EN-US\">5<\/span>\u65e5<span lang=\"EN-US\">)<\/span>\u3001\u300a\u664b\u5bdf\u5180\u8fb9\u533a\u5a5a\u59fb\u6761\u4f8b\u300b<span lang=\"EN-US\">(1943<\/span>\u5e74<span lang=\"EN-US\">2<\/span>\u6708<span lang=\"EN-US\">4<\/span>\u65e5<span lang=\"EN-US\">)<\/span>\u548c\u300a\u5c71\u4e1c\u7701\u5a5a\u59fb\u6682\u884c\u6761\u4f8b\u300b<span lang=\"EN-US\">(1945<\/span>\u5e74<span lang=\"EN-US\">3<\/span>\u6708<span lang=\"EN-US\">16<\/span>\u65e5<span lang=\"EN-US\">)<\/span>\uff1b\u56fd\u5171\u5185\u6218\u65f6\u671f\u6709\u300a\u4fee\u6b63\u5c71\u4e1c\u7701\u5a5a\u59fb\u6682\u884c\u6761\u4f8b\u300b<span lang=\"EN-US\">(1949<\/span>\u5e74<span lang=\"EN-US\">7<\/span>\u6708<span lang=\"EN-US\">19<\/span>\u65e5<span lang=\"EN-US\">)<\/span>\u7b49\u3002\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6761\u4f8b\u5747\u5f3a\u8c03\u5a5a\u59fb\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u89e3\u9664\u5a5a\u59fb\u5173\u7cfb\u6709\u660e\u786e\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u592b\u59bb\u5747\u6709\u6743\u5411\u53f8\u6cd5\u673a\u5173\u63d0\u51fa\u79bb\u5a5a\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u5bf9\u5987\u5973\u6743\u76ca\u4e88\u4ee5\u91cd\u89c6\u4e0e\u4fdd\u62a4\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6761\u4f8b\u7684\u51fa\u53f0\uff0c\u65e0\u7591\u7ed9\u5404\u6839\u636e\u5730\u4e61\u6751\u5987\u5973\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u5a5a\u59fb\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u66d9\u5149\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5404\u5730\u201c\u59bb\u4f11\u592b\u201d\u73b0\u8c61\u5267\u589e\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u8bf1\u56e0\u3002\u4e0d\u7ba1\u4e2d\u5171\u5021\u5bfc\u89e3\u653e\u5987\u5973\u7684\u521d\u8877\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u4ece\u6027\u522b\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u201c\u59bb\u4f11\u592b\u201d\u73b0\u8c61\u6240\u5f70\u663e\u7684\u5973\u6743\u63d0\u5347\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e61\u6751\u7537\u5973\u5173\u7cfb\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u51b2\u51fb\uff1b\u4ece\u793e\u4f1a\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u201c\u59bb\u4f11\u592b\u201d\u73b0\u8c61\u7ed9\u4e61\u6751\u5bb6\u5ead\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u79e9\u5e8f\u5e26\u6765\u7834\u574f\u4e0e\u53d8\u9769\uff1b\u4ece\u653f\u6cbb\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u201c\u59bb\u4f11\u592b\u201d\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u59cb\u4e0e\u7ec8\u5747\u51fa\u4e8e\u6218\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4e00\u3001\u79bb\u5a5a\u6f6e\u4e2d\u201c\u59bb\u4f11\u592b\u201d\u73b0\u8c61\u7a81\u51fa<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u6c11\u65cf\u6218\u4e89\u548c\u9769\u547d\u6b63\u5f53\u6027\u7684\u53f7\u53ec\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e2d\u5171\u4ee5\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5f62\u6001\u5ba3\u793a\u7684\u57fa\u4e8e\u6297\u6218\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u5a5a\u59fb\u81ea\u7531\u7406\u5ff5\uff0c\u5bf9\u534e\u5317\u5404\u6839\u636e\u5730\u533a\u57df\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u5a5a\u59fb\u89c2\u5ff5\u53ca\u5bb6\u5ead\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u51b2\u51fb\u529b\u3002\u201c\u4e00\u822c\u5987\u5973\u2014\u2014\u7279\u522b\u662f\u9752\u5e74\u5987\u5973\uff0c\u5927\u90fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u80fd\u591f\u4f9d\u636e\u5a5a\u59fb\u6761\u4f8b\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u81ea\u4e3b\u7684<span lang=\"EN-US\">(<\/span>\u5730<span lang=\"EN-US\">)<\/span>\u6765\u63d0\u51fa\u548c\u89e3\u51b3\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u5a5a\u59fb\u95ee\u9898\u4e86\u201d\uff0c\u2465\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u5404\u5730\u77ed\u671f\u5185\u79bb\u5a5a\u6848\u4ef6\u5448\u731b\u589e\u6001\u52bf\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u5a5a\u59fb\u6761\u4f8b\u9881\u5e03\u6570\u6708\u5185\uff0c\u664b\u5180\u8c6b\u533a\u4e00\u4e9b\u5730\u65b9\u79bb\u5a5a\u6848\u4ef6\u6bcf\u6708\u8fbe<span lang=\"EN-US\">40<\/span>\u591a\u8d77<span lang=\"EN-US\">(<\/span>\u89c1\u8868<span lang=\"EN-US\">1)<\/span>\u3002\u6839\u636e\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u7edf\u8ba1\uff0c<span lang=\"EN-US\">1941<\/span>\u5e74<span lang=\"EN-US\">6<\/span>\u6708\u81f3<span lang=\"EN-US\">1942<\/span>\u5e74<span lang=\"EN-US\">5<\/span>\u6708\uff0c\u664b\u5180\u8c6b\u533a\u7ecf\u5987\u6551\u4f1a\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u79bb\u5a5a\u6848\u591a\u8fbe<span lang=\"EN-US\">1694<\/span>\u8d77\uff1b\u2466\u592a\u884c\u533a<span lang=\"EN-US\">1941<\/span>\u5e74\u4e00\u5e74\u5f53\u4e2d\u53d1\u751f\u79bb\u5a5a\u6848\u5171<span lang=\"EN-US\">971<\/span>\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8bb8\u591a\u5730\u65b9\u56e0\u53d7\u538b\u5236\u672a\u63d0\u51fa\u3002\u2467<span lang=\"EN-US\">1944<\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u6b66\u4e61\u53bf\u8bb0\u5f55\u5728\u6848\u7684\u79bb\u5a5a\u6848\u4ef6\u6709<span lang=\"EN-US\">327<\/span>\u8d77\uff0c\u4f46\u5e76\u975e\u5168\u53bf\u7edf\u8ba1\u3002\u6309\u5e73\u5747\u503c\u4f30\u7b97\uff0c\u6b66\u4e61\u53bf<span lang=\"EN-US\">8<\/span>\u4e2a\u533a\u79bb\u5a5a\u6848\u4ef6\u81f3\u5c11\u6709<span lang=\"EN-US\">436<\/span>\u8d77<span lang=\"EN-US\">(<\/span>\u89c1\u8868<span lang=\"EN-US\">2)<\/span>\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\">1945<\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u5180\u9c81\u8c6b\u8fb9\u533a\u9ad8\u7b49\u6cd5\u9662\u7684\u62a5\u544a\u663e\u793a\uff1a\u201c\u4e00\u6708\u4ee5\u6765\u5404\u53bf\u53f8\u6cd5\u90e8\u95e8\u53d7\u7406\u7684\u6c11\u4e8b\u6848\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u79bb\u5a5a\u6848\u4ef6\u662f\u6700\u591a\u800c\u8f83\u96be\u5904\u7406\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4ec5\u4ee5\u4e00\u4e13\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5168\u4e13\u533a\u5171\u5904\u7406\u6c11\u4e8b\u6848\u4ef6<span lang=\"EN-US\">81<\/span>\u4ef6\uff0c\u79bb\u5a5a\u6848\u4ef6\u25a1\u4e3a<span lang=\"EN-US\">41<\/span>\u4ef6\uff0c\u5360\u603b\u6848\u6570\u7684<span lang=\"EN-US\">50<\/span>\uff05\u5f3a\u3002\u4f9d\u636e\u5168\u592a\u884c\u533a\u56db\u5341\u4e2a\u53bf\u62a5\u544a\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\uff0c\u4e0a\u534a\u5e74\u5171\u5904\u7406\u6c11\u4e8b\u6848\u4ef6<span lang=\"EN-US\">1629<\/span>\u4ef6\uff0c\u79bb\u5a5a\u6848\u4ef6\u5171<span lang=\"EN-US\">536<\/span>\u4ef6\uff0c\u5360\u603b\u6570\u7684<span lang=\"EN-US\">30<\/span>\uff05\u5f3a\u3002\u2026\u2026\u5e73\u987a\u4eca\u5e74\u4e0a\u534a\u5e74\u4e94\u4e2a\u533a\u6240\u5904\u7406\u7684\u79bb\u5a5a\u95ee\u9898\u8fbe\u4e8c\u767e\u96f6\u4e94\u4ef6\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u8fde\u533a\u4e00\u7ea7\u6240\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u4e5f\u7edf\u8ba1\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u76f8\u5f53\u5927\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u76ee\u3002\u201d\u2468<span lang=\"EN-US\">1948<\/span>\u5e74<span lang=\"EN-US\">1<\/span>\uff0d<span lang=\"EN-US\">9<\/span>\u6708\uff0c\u6613\u53bf\u3001\u5b8c\u53bf\u3001\u6ee1\u57ce\u3001\u6d9e\u6e90\u7b49<span lang=\"EN-US\">5<\/span>\u53bf\u5171\u53d7\u7406\u6c11\u4e8b\u6848\u4ef6<span lang=\"EN-US\">192<\/span>\u8d77\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5a5a\u59fb\u95ee\u9898\u8fbe<span lang=\"EN-US\">140<\/span>\u8d77\uff0c\u6d9e\u6e90\u662f<span lang=\"EN-US\">100<\/span>\uff05\uff0c\u6ee1\u57ce\u662f<span lang=\"EN-US\">84<\/span>\uff05\u3002\u2469\u5180\u5357\u533a\u515a\u59d4\u5987\u59d4\u4f1a\u5728<span lang=\"EN-US\">1948<\/span>\u5e74\u5370\u5236\u7684\u300a\u5987\u5973\u5de5\u4f5c\u53c2\u8003\u6750\u6599\u300b\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\uff1a\u201c\u65e0\u8bba\u5728\u571f\u6539\u524d\u6216\u571f\u6539\u540e\uff0c\u5404\u5730\u533a\u6cd5\u9662\u6240\u53d7\u7406\u7684\u5a5a\u59fb\u6848\u4ef6\u5360\u6c11\u4e8b\u6848\u4ef6\u7684<span lang=\"EN-US\">50<\/span>\uff05\u81f3<span lang=\"EN-US\">90<\/span>\uff05\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7edd\u5927\u90e8\u4efd<span lang=\"EN-US\">(<\/span>\u5206<span lang=\"EN-US\">)<\/span>\u7cfb\u79bb\u5a5a\u89e3\u7ea6\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u201d<span lang=\"EN-US\">(11)<\/span>\u4ece<span lang=\"EN-US\">1948<\/span>\u4e0b\u534a\u5e74\u81f3<span lang=\"EN-US\">1949<\/span>\u5e74<span lang=\"EN-US\">1<\/span>\u6708\u534a\u5e74\u65f6\u95f4\u91cc\uff0c\u592a\u884c\u516d\u4e13\u7f72\u5168\u533a\u5171\u53d7\u7406\u6c11\u4e8b\u6848\u4ef6<span lang=\"EN-US\">456<\/span>\u8d77\uff0c\u5a5a\u59fb\u6848\u4ef6<span lang=\"EN-US\">366<\/span>\u8d77\uff0c\u5360\u5168\u90e8\u6c11\u4e8b\u6848\u4ef6\u7684<span lang=\"EN-US\">80<\/span>\uff05\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\">(12)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img class=\"img_vsb_content\" src=\"https:\/\/kfda.qfnu.edu.cn\/__local\/3\/E0\/A4\/E9BCB4BDE56FA43BD635E8DC9B7_E0D8B792_1322D.jpg\" width=\"700\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img class=\"img_vsb_content\" src=\"https:\/\/kfda.qfnu.edu.cn\/__local\/2\/1D\/B7\/D73B7032ADA906C74A6383A7464_7241B96E_C4B4.jpg\" width=\"700\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u8fd9\u80a1\u79bb\u5a5a\u6f6e\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0e\u4ee5\u5f80\u57fa\u672c\u662f\u201c\u592b\u4f11\u59bb\u201d\u660e\u663e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7531\u5973\u65b9\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u201c\u59bb\u4f11\u592b\u201d\u79bb\u5a5a\u6848\u660e\u663e\u589e\u591a\u3002\u81ea<span lang=\"EN-US\">1941<\/span>\u5e74<span lang=\"EN-US\">8<\/span>\u6708\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u8fd1\u4e00\u5e74\u5185\uff0c\u664b\u5180\u8c6b\u533a\u8981\u6c42\u79bb\u5a5a\u7684\u5987\u5973\u5360\u5230\u4e86\u5987\u5973\u603b\u6570\u56db\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00<span lang=\"EN-US\">(<\/span>\u89c1\u8868<span lang=\"EN-US\">1)<\/span>\u3002\u6986\u793e\u53bf\u5171\u6709<span lang=\"EN-US\">108<\/span>\u8d77\u79bb\u5a5a\u6848\u4ef6\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5973\u6027\u63d0\u51fa\u79bb\u5a5a\u8005<span lang=\"EN-US\">106<\/span>\u8d77\uff0c\u5360<span lang=\"EN-US\">98<\/span>\uff05<span lang=\"EN-US\">(<\/span>\u89c1\u8868<span lang=\"EN-US\">3)<\/span>\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\">1942<\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u961c\u5e73\u53bf\u79bb\u5a5a\u6848\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5973\u65b9\u63d0\u51fa\u8005\u7ea6\u5360<span lang=\"EN-US\">90<\/span>\uff05\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\">(13)1943<\/span>\u5e74<span lang=\"EN-US\">3<\/span>\u6708<span lang=\"EN-US\">30<\/span>\u65e5\u300a\u6297\u6218\u65e5\u62a5\u300b\u520a\u767b\u7684\u4e00\u7bc7\u9898\u4e3a\u300a\u5a5a\u59fb\u6848\u4ef6\u4e0e\u5987\u5973\u89e3\u653e\u300b\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u63d0\u5230\uff0c\u5728\u7edf\u8ba1\u7684<span lang=\"EN-US\">43<\/span>\u4ef6\u79bb\u5a5a\u6848\u4e2d\uff0c<span lang=\"EN-US\">32<\/span>\u4ef6\u7531\u5973\u65b9\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c<span lang=\"EN-US\">11<\/span>\u4ef6\u7531\u7537\u65b9\u63d0\u51fa\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\">(14)<\/span>\u5728<span lang=\"EN-US\">1947<\/span>\u5e74\u664b\u7ee5\u8fb9\u533a\u201c\u4e09\u516b\u201d\u5ea7\u8c08\u4f1a\u4e0a\uff0c\u6cd5\u9662\u4e00\u79d8\u4e66\u6307\u51fa\u519c\u6751\u79bb\u5a5a\u7684\u5f88\u591a\uff0c\u5341\u6709\u4e5d\u662f\u5973\u65b9\u4e3b\u52a8\u63d0\u51fa\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\">(15)1947<\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u5317\u5cb3\u7b2c\u4e94\u4e13\u533a\u5728\u5bf9\u5a5a\u59fb\u653f\u7b56\u8fdb\u884c\u68c0\u67e5\u4e2d\u4e5f\u63d0\u5230\uff1a\u201c\u7531\u4e8e\u8fc7\u53bb\u5a5a\u59fb\u7684\u4e0d\u5408\u7406\uff0c\u6297\u6218\u540e\u7279\u522b\u662f\u571f\u6539\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u5404\u53bf\u7684\u6c11\u4e8b\u6848\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u7ecf\u5e38\u4ee5\u5a5a\u59fb\u95ee\u9898\u8f83\u591a\uff0c\u4e14\u4ee5\u5973\u65b9\u63d0\u51fa\u4e3a\u591a\u3002\u201d\u201c\u59bb\u4f11\u592b\u201d\u73b0\u8c61\u8868\u660e\u5973\u6027\u81ea\u4e3b\u6743\u5229\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u89c9\u9192\uff0c\u5e7f\u5927\u5987\u5973\u9010\u6e10\u89c6\u79bb\u5a5a\u4e3a\u6b63\u5f53\u3001\u5408\u6cd5\u4e4b\u4e8b\uff0c\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u201c\u4f11\u59bb\u201d\u8eab\u4efd\u4e22\u4eba\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u770b\u6cd5\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\">(16)<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u7531\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u5f20\u79bb\u5a5a\u53ca\u8d70\u51fa\u5bb6\u5ead\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5404\u6839\u636e\u5730\u533a\u57df\u4e61\u6751\u5973\u6027\u9010\u6e10\u5f00\u59cb\u5728\u4e24\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u51f8\u663e\u51fa\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u54c1\u683c\u3002\u5728\u7537\u52b3\u529b\u7f3a\u4e4f\u7684\u4e61\u6751\uff0c\u5973\u6027\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0a\u5531\u4e3b\u89d2\uff0c\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e0a\u4e5f\u8981\u627f\u62c5\u91cd\u4efb\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u5730\u4f4d\u660e\u663e\u4e0a\u5347\u3002\u4ee5\u5f80\u8bf8\u591a\u5206\u6790\u5747\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e00\u73b0\u8c61\u7a81\u51fa\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u6839\u636e\u5730\u5987\u5973\u89e3\u653e\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u7b14\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u201c\u59bb\u4f11\u592b\u201d\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u5267\u589e\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4e61\u6751\u5a5a\u59fb\u53d8\u9769\u7684\u987a\u5229\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\u5973\u6027\u771f\u6b63\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u5a5a\u59fb\u81ea\u7531\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u5a5a\u59fb\u751f\u6d3b\u4e5f\u672a\u53d1\u751f\u8d28\u53d8\u3002\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7edf\u8ba1\u6697\u85cf\u7684\u7384\u673a\uff0c\u5219\u662f\u6218\u65f6\u5a5a\u59fb\u653f\u7b56\u53d8\u9769\u7684\u529f\u5229\u5316\u77ed\u6548\u4e0e\u5f0a\u7aef\u3002\u4e0d\u5c11\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u4e61\u6751\u5e72\u90e8\uff0c\u201c\u628a\u5a5a\u59fb\u95ee\u9898\u5f53\u4f5c\u53d1\u52a8\u5987\u5973\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u5a5a\u59fb\u95ee\u9898\u4e2d\u53c8\u628a\u79bb\u5a5a\u95ee\u9898\u5f53\u4f5c\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u201d\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u201c\u8131\u79bb\u5176\u5b83\u95ee\u9898\u89e3\u51b3\u5a5a\u59fb\u95ee\u9898\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u4e0d\u5411\u7fa4\u4f17\u5ba3\u4f20\u5a5a\u59fb\u5728\u5bf9\u81ea\u4e3b\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0e\u5bf9\u5bb6\u5ead\u7684\u597d\u5904\uff0c\u79bb\u5a5a\u662f\u4e0d\u81ea\u4e3b\u5a5a\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u201d\uff0c\u4e0d\u7efc\u5408\u8003\u8651\u79bb\u5a5a\u540e\u5973\u6027\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u201c\u672a\u7167\u987e\u5230\u5404\u9636\u5c42\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u201d\uff0c\u4f7f\u4eba\u5bf9\u5987\u6551\u4f1a\u7f3a\u4e4f\u597d\u611f\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u201c\u5a5a\u59fb\u6761\u4f8b\u201d\u5bf9\u7537\u6027\u6ca1\u6709\u597d\u5904\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u504f\u89c1\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\">(17)<\/span>\u4ece\u5a5a\u59fb\u53d8\u9769\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53ca\u6548\u679c\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4f20\u7edf\u3001\u9769\u547d\u4e0e\u6027\u522b\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u573a\u57df\u7684\u6fc0\u70c8\u535a\u5f08\uff0c\u7a81\u51fa\u8868\u73b0\u5728\u8bf8\u591a\u60c5\u4e0e\u6cd5\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img class=\"img_vsb_content\" src=\"https:\/\/kfda.qfnu.edu.cn\/__local\/1\/A2\/2E\/2427DE8D502A3458831267B16C2_70C64D65_B2A9.jpg\" width=\"700\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4e8c\u3001\u60c5\u4e0e\u6cd5\u51b2\u7a81\u9891\u73b0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4e2d\u5171\u5f00\u8f9f\u5404\u6839\u636e\u5730\u4e4b\u521d\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c11\u505a\u5987\u5973\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u5e72\u90e8\u7ecf\u5386\u8fc7\u201c\u4e94\u56db\u201d\u65b0\u6587\u5316\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u6d17\u793c\uff0c\u4ed6<span lang=\"EN-US\">(<\/span>\u5979<span lang=\"EN-US\">)<\/span>\u4eec\u62e5\u6709\u5973\u6027\u89e3\u653e\u7684\u60c5\u6000\uff0c\u201c\u5c06\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u91cd\u5fc3\u653e\u5728\u7834\u9664\u5c01\u5efa\u7684\u6587\u5316\u89c2\u5bf9\u5973\u6027\u8eab\u4f53\u4e0e\u7cbe\u795e\u7684\u675f\u7f1a\u4e0a\u201d\uff0c<span lang=\"EN-US\">(18)<\/span>\u5373\u5987\u5973\u5e94\u7a81\u7834\u7236\u6743\u3001\u592b\u6743\u675f\u7f1a\uff0c\u8d70\u51fa\u4e60\u4fd7\u85e9\u7bf1\uff0c\u8ffd\u5bfb\u4eba\u683c\u72ec\u7acb\u3002\u5404\u5730\u9881\u5e03\u7684\u201c\u5a5a\u59fb\u6761\u4f8b\u201d\u6b63\u662f\u6b64\u79cd\u5973\u6027\u89e3\u653e\u7406\u5ff5\u7684\u8be0\u91ca\uff0c\u5b83\u201c\u9690\u542b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u5047\u5b9a\uff0c\u5373\u2018\u5a5a\u59fb\u81ea\u7531\u2019\u4f1a\u8ba9\u5987\u5973\u53d7\u60e0\uff0c\u5e76\u53d7\u5230\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5973\u6027\u7684\u6b22\u8fce\u3002\u5b83\u5047\u5b9a\u6240\u6709\u5a5a\u59fb\u90fd\u5e94\u8be5\u57fa\u4e8e\u2018\u611f\u60c5\u2019\u548c\u2018\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u2019\u201d\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\">(19)<\/span>\u7136\u800c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u201c\u5a5a\u59fb\u6761\u4f8b\u201d\u5f3a\u8c03\u4ee5\u611f\u60c5\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u5a5a\u59fb\u7406\u5ff5\u6bcb\u5eb8\u7f6e\u7591\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u4e8e<span lang=\"EN-US\">1940<\/span>\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u534e\u5317\u4e61\u6751\u793e\u4f1a\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u73b0\u4ee3\u5a5a\u59fb\u7406\u5ff5\u5374\u4e0e\u4e61\u6751\u6587\u5316\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u73af\u5883\u76f8\u62b5\u89e6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f20\u7edf\u534e\u5317\u4e61\u6751\u7684\u5a5a\u59fb\u591a\u9075\u5faa\u7740\u201c\u7236\u6bcd\u4e4b\u547d\uff0c\u5a92\u5981\u4e4b\u8a00\u201d\u7684\u4e60\u4fd7\uff0c\u5c11\u6709\u5bf9\u5973\u6027\u610f\u5fd7\u7684\u5c0a\u91cd\uff0c\u56e0\u7ecf\u6d4e\u56f0\u96be\u548c\u7537\u5c0a\u5973\u5351\u7684\u4e60\u4fd7\uff0c\u5a5a\u59fb\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u53ea\u5177\u6709\u6539\u5584\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u7ef4\u7cfb\u5bb6\u5ead\u3001\u4f20\u5b97\u63a5\u4ee3\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u6027\u522b\u5e73\u7b49\u65e0\u4ece\u8c08\u8d77\u3002\u88ab\u7f6e\u4e8e\u4ece\u5c5e\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u5973\u6027\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u88ab\u79c1\u6709\u6216\u7269\u5316\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u201c\u5973\u513f\u7684\u5a5a\u59fb\u90fd\u662f\u7531\u7236\u6bcd\u4e00\u624b\u5305\u529e\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6709\u7684\u7792\u7740\u5973\u513f\uff0c\u4e0d\u53eb\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u7ed3\u5a5a\u524d\u624d\u53eb\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u7ed3\u5a5a\u540e\u592b\u5987\u4e0d\u548c\u3002\u5180\u4e2d\u4efb\u90b1<span lang=\"EN-US\">(<\/span>\u4e18<span lang=\"EN-US\">)<\/span>\u53bf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5973\u5b50\u7ed3\u5a5a\u5341\u5e74\u672a\u548c\u4e08\u592b\u540c\u5c45\u8fc7\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u7684\u4e08\u592b\u4e0d\u5728\u5bb6\uff0c\u7528\u516c\u9e21\u5a36\u6216\u5c0f\u59d1\u4ee3\u5a36\u3002\u5180\u4e2d\u4ea4\u6cb3\u4e00\u5e26\u6709\u7684\u4e8c\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\u6ca1\u6709\u89c1\u8fc7\u4e08\u592b\uff0c\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u7ed3\u5a5a\u540e\u56e0\u4e3a\u8bb8\u591a\u539f\u56e0<span lang=\"EN-US\">(<\/span>\u957f\u5f97\u4e0d\u597d\uff0c\u4e1c\u897f\u5c11\uff0c\u4e0d\u61c2\u5c01\u5efa\u793c\u6559\u7b49<span lang=\"EN-US\">)<\/span>\u53d7\u6c14\u6328\u6253\u7684\uff0c\u8fc7\u7740\u4e00\u79cd\u75db\u82e6\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u592b\u59bb\u4e0d\u548c\u65f6\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u7537\u4eba\u63d0\u79bb\u5a5a\uff0c\u5987\u5973\u4e0d\u80fd\u63d0\u51fa\u79bb\u5a5a\u3002\u519c\u6751\u6709\u51e0\u53e5\u4fd7\u8bed\uff0c\u2018\u5ac1\u9e21\u968f\u9e21\u3001\u5ac1\u72d7\u968f\u72d7\u3001\u5ac1\u4e2a\u6241\u62c5\u8fd8\u5f97\u62ff\u7740\u8d70\u2019\u3001\u2018\u5a36\u4e0b\u7684\u5ab3\u5987\u4e70\u4e0b\u7684\u9a6c\uff0c\u6253\u6b7b\u9a82\u6b7b\u7531\u4eba\u5bb6\u2019\u3001\u2018\u597d\u9a6c\u4e0d\u914d\u53cc\u978d\u5b50\uff0c\u597d\u5973\u4e0d\u5ac1\u4e8c\u7537\u5b50\u2019\u3001\u2018\u662f\u732b\u5373\u6bd9\u9f20\uff0c\u662f\u7537\u5373\u505a\u4e3b\u2019\u3001\u2018\u6d3b\u7740\u662f\u4eba\u5bb6\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u6b7b\u4e86\u662f\u4eba\u5bb6\u7684\u9b3c\u2019\u3002\u201d<span lang=\"EN-US\">(20)<\/span>\u4e61\u571f\u4e60\u4fd7\u89c6\u5a5a\u59fb\u4e3a\u7537\u6027\u7279\u6743\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u5973\u4eba\u65e0\u6743\u89e3\u9664\u5a5a\u59fb\u3002\u592b\u4f11\u59bb\u3001\u5973\u5b50\u4ece\u4e00\u800c\u7ec8\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u5185\u5316\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u878d\u5165\u519c\u6c11\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u6027\u522b\u53ca\u5a5a\u59fb\u610f\u8bc6\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u8ba4\u540c\u652f\u6491\u7740\u4f20\u7edf\u5a5a\u59fb\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u5784\u65ad\u6027\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u62b5\u5fa1\u7740\u5916\u6765\u7684\u65b0\u7684\u5a5a\u59fb\u89c2\u5ff5\u53ca\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u51b2\u51fb\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\">(21)<\/span>\u5728\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u53ca\u8ba4\u77e5\u6c34\u5e73\u5747\u6ca1\u6709\u8d28\u53d8\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e2d\u5171\u7684\u5a5a\u59fb\u653f\u7b56\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f3a\u529b\u63a8\u5e7f\uff0c\u5374\u96be\u4ee5\u8fc5\u901f\u666e\u53ca\u3002\u5973\u6027\u5929\u7136\u7684\u5a5a\u59fb\u81ea\u7531\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5927\u9006\u4e0d\u9053\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5a5a\u59fb\u662f\u5bb6\u5ead\u7684\u6784\u7b51\u524d\u63d0\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6761\u4ef6\u53c8\u662f\u5a5a\u59fb\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u519c\u4e1a\u751f\u4ea7\u5bf9\u7537\u6027\u52b3\u529b\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u53ca\u91cd\u7537\u8f7b\u5973\u964b\u4e60\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u534e\u5317\u519c\u6751\u5bf9\u6eba\u6b7b\u5973\u5a74\u4e60\u4ee5\u4e3a\u5e38\uff0c\u751f\u80b2\u7537\u5b69\u610f\u8bc6\u5f3a\u70c8\uff0c\u4e45\u4e4b\u5219\u9020\u6210\u591a\u6570\u4e61\u6751\u51fa\u73b0\u6027\u6bd4\u4f8b\u957f\u671f\u5931\u8c03\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u201c\u4e00\u9879<span lang=\"EN-US\">1929<\/span>\u2014<span lang=\"EN-US\">1931<\/span>\u5e74\u5728\u534e\u5317\u5730\u533a\u6240\u4f5c\u7684\u8c03\u67e5\u8868\u660e\uff0c<span lang=\"EN-US\">30<\/span>\uff5e<span lang=\"EN-US\">34<\/span>\u5c81\u7537\u6027\u4e2d\u6709\u8fd1<span lang=\"EN-US\">12<\/span>\uff05\u662f\u5355\u8eab\u3002\u53e6\u636e<span lang=\"EN-US\">1935<\/span>\u5e74\u7684\u8c03\u67e5\uff0c\u5c71\u4e1c\u90b9\u5e73<span lang=\"EN-US\">30<\/span>\u5c81\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7537\u6027\u672a\u5a5a\u8005\u6709<span lang=\"EN-US\">2294<\/span>\u4eba\uff0c\u5360\u540c\u5e74\u9f84\u7ec4\u7684\u7537\u6027\u4eba\u53e3\u7684<span lang=\"EN-US\">23.13<\/span>\uff05\uff0c<span lang=\"EN-US\">30<\/span>\u5c81\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5973\u6027\u672a\u5a5a\u8005\u6781\u5c11\uff0c\u6709<span lang=\"EN-US\">21<\/span>\u4eba\uff0c\u5360\u540c\u5e74\u9f84\u7ec4\u7684\u5973\u6027\u4eba\u53e3\u7684<span lang=\"EN-US\">0.21<\/span>\uff05\u3002\u201d<span lang=\"EN-US\">(22)<\/span>\u7537\u5973\u6027\u522b\u7684\u4e0d\u5747\u8861\u3001\u5973\u5b50\u7269\u5316\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u7d22\u6c42\u5f69\u793c\u7684\u98ce\u4fd7\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u8bb8\u591a\u4e61\u6751\u666e\u904d\u5b58\u5728\u7537\u6027\u7ed3\u5a5a\u96be\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5343\u8f9b\u4e07\u82e6\u5a36\u6765\u6216\u4e70\u6765\u7684\u59bb\u5b50\uff0c\u5982\u968f\u610f\u79bb\u5a5a\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u519c\u6c11\u96be\u4ee5\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u518d\u5a36\u6781\u5176\u56f0\u96be\u3002\u5982\u78c1\u53bf\u4e8c\u533a\u67d0\u6751\u4e00\u5bf9\u592b\u59bb\u611f\u60c5\u4e0d\u597d\uff0c\u5973\u65b9\u5230\u533a\u4e0a\u63d0\u51fa\u79bb\u5a5a\uff0c\u516c\u516c\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u73b0\u5728\u8bf4\u4e2a\u5ab3\u5987\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\uff0c\u4f60\u8981\u80fd\u7ed9\u6211\u513f\u6341<span lang=\"EN-US\">(<\/span>\u641e<span lang=\"EN-US\">)<\/span>\u4e2a\u5bf9\u50cf<span lang=\"EN-US\">(<\/span>\u8c61<span lang=\"EN-US\">)<\/span>\u5c31\u53eb\u5979\u79bb\u4e86\u5a5a\u3002\u201d<span lang=\"EN-US\">(23)<\/span>\u79bb\u5a5a\u540e\u5973\u6027\u8fd8\u8981\u5e73\u5206\u8d22\u4ea7\uff0c\u7537\u6027\u519c\u6c11\u66f4\u611f\u5230\u201c\u9e21\u98de\u86cb\u6253\u201d\u3001\u201c\u4eba\u8d22\u4e24\u7a7a\u201d\uff0c<span lang=\"EN-US\">(24)<\/span>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u201c\u59bb\u4f11\u592b\u201d\u73b0\u8c61\u6781\u4e3a\u53cd\u611f\u6216\u516c\u5f00\u6297\u62d2\u3002\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u670d\u52a1\u6297\u6218\u548c\u89e3\u653e\u5973\u6027\u53cc\u91cd\u76ee\u7684\u7684\u5987\u5973\u52a8\u5458\uff0c\u56e0\u79bb\u5a5a\u73b0\u8c61\u9891\u73b0\uff0c\u5728\u4e61\u6751\u5bb6\u5ead\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u4e24\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u53ca\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8bf8\u65b9\u9762\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u91cd\u5927\u9707\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u5404\u5730\u7684\u201c\u59bb\u4f11\u592b\u201d\u5a5a\u59fb\u7ea0\u7eb7\u4e2d\uff0c\u7537\u6027\u519c\u6c11\u5e94\u5bf9\u201c\u59bb\u4f11\u592b\u201d\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e5f\u662f\u591a\u6837\u7684\u3002\u5728\u6709\u4e9b\u6848\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u201c\u591a\u662f\u5973\u65b9\u8981\u79bb\uff0c\u7537\u65b9\u575a\u51b3\u4e0d\u540c\u610f\u201d\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\">(25)<\/span>\u4e34\u53bf\u67cf\u5854\u5b50\u6751\u9ad8\u67cf\u660c\u7684\u59bb\u5b50<span lang=\"EN-US\">1948<\/span>\u5e74\u63d0\u51fa\u79bb\u5a5a\uff0c\u7ecf\u533a\u516c\u6240\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5230\u53bf\u653f\u5e9c\u5904\u7406\u65f6\uff0c\u9ad8\u6c0f\u5728\u4e2d\u9014\u9003\u8d70\u53c2\u519b\u505a\u5582\u9a6c\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c<span lang=\"EN-US\">(26)<\/span>\u5229\u7528\u519b\u5a5a\u6761\u4f8b\u4fdd\u62a4\u519b\u4eba\u5a5a\u59fb\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\u62d2\u7edd\u79bb\u5a5a\u3002\u6709\u4eba\u201c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5973\u4eba\u662f\u65e0\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\u4e0d\u80fd\u79bb\u5a5a\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6b7b\u4e86\u9aa8\u5934\u4e5f\u5f97\u25a1\u4e00\u628a\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u591a\u63a1<span lang=\"EN-US\">(<\/span>\u91c7<span lang=\"EN-US\">)<\/span>\u53d6\u786c\u731b\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u5bf9\u5f85\u5973\u4eba\u201d\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\">(27)<\/span>\u201c\u6d89\u53bf\u5e84\u4e0a\u8363\u9000\u519b\u4eba\u53f2\u767d\u5ef7\u548c\u5973\u4eba\u25a1\u7389\u82f1\u611f\u60c5\u4e0d\u597d\uff0c\u5973\u65b9\u63d0\u51fa\u79bb\u5a5a\uff0c\u7537\u4eba\u4e0d\u670d\u6c14\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u9014\u4e2d\u5728\u6cb3\u6ee9\u5361\u4f4f\u5973\u4eba\u75db\u6253\u4e86\u4e00\u987f\uff0c\u5e76\u7528\u77f3\u5934\u5c06\u5973\u4eba\u7259\u9f7f\u6253\u843d\u597d\u51e0\u4e2a\u3002\u5357\u5e84\u6751\u4e00\u4e2a\u9000\u4f0d\u519b\u4eba\u548c\u5973\u4eba\u4e0d\u597d\uff0c\u7adf\u7528\u7281\u5730\u94e7\u5728\u5973\u4eba\u810a\u80cc\u4e0a\u780d\u4e86\u5341\u51e0\u9053\u58d5\uff0c\u53c8\u7528\u76ae\u5e26\u6253\u4e86\u4e2a\u534a\u6b7b\u3002\u201d\u201c\u5973\u65b9\u4e00\u65e6\u79bb\u5a5a\u6210\u4e86\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u7537\u65b9\u4e00\u76f4\u4e5f\u8981\u4e0a\u8bc9\u6253\u5b98\u53f8\uff0c\u7ed9\u5973\u65b9\u6545\u610f\u627e\u4e3a\u96be\uff0c\u5236\u9020\u75db\u82e6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\uff1a\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u5e7b\u60f3\u8fd9\u6837\u7ed9\u5979\u62d6\u6765\u62d6\u53bb\u4f7f\u5973\u65b9\u6ca1\u6709\u529e\u6cd5\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4e07\u4e00\u8fd8\u53ef\u80fd\u56de\u6765\uff0c\u505a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8001\u5a46\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u2026\u2026\u8ba4\u4e3a\u603b<span lang=\"EN-US\">(<\/span>\u7eb5<span lang=\"EN-US\">)<\/span>\u7136\u8981\u79bb\u4e86\u5a5a\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u7ed9\u5979\u4e2a\u75db\u5feb\uff0c\u603b\u5f97\u8c03\u6446\u8c03\u6446\u5973\u65b9\uff0c\u4e0d\u7136\u81ea\u5df1\u4eba\u8d22\u4e24\u7a7a\uff0c\u5973\u4eba\u592a\u4fbf\u5b9c\u3002\u2026\u2026\u6240\u4ee5\u7537\u65b9\u660e\u77e5\u9053\u4e0d\u884c\u4e86\uff0c\u4e5f\u8981\u4e00\u76f4\u4e0a\u8bc9\u6253\u5b98\u53f8\u3002\u201d<span lang=\"EN-US\">(28)<\/span>\u7531\u4e8e\u504f\u8fdc\u4e61\u6751\u666e\u904d\u8d2b\u7a77\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u59bb\u5b50\u53d1\u751f\u5a5a\u5916\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u7a77\u82e6\u7537\u6027\u53ea\u5f97\u5fcd\u53d7\uff0c\u4e0d\u613f\u79bb\u5a5a\u662f\u65e0\u5948\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u5982\u6986\u793e\u6881\u5c71\u5cea\u6751\u9a6c\u751f\u5143\u7684\u59bb\u5b50\u767d\u572d\u5973\u201c\u4e0e\u8d3e\u6da6\u5802\u901a\u5978\uff0c\u5acc\u4e08\u592b\u8d2b\u7a77\uff0c\u4e0d\u613f\u540c\u5c45\u3002\u6709\u4e00\u6b21\u56e0\u901a\u5978\u88ab\u9a6c\u6349\u4f4f\uff0c\u9a6c\u56e0\u4e00\u65f6\u6c14\u6124\u5c06\u767d\u572d\u5973\u7528\u5200\u53ca\u68cd\u6253\u4f24\u3002\u767d\u5373\u544a\u5230\u5987\u6551\u4f1a\u8981\u6c42\u79bb\u5a5a\uff0c\u53bf\u5e9c\u5373\u5224\u51b3\u79bb\u5a5a\u3002\u9a6c\u751f\u5143\u75bc<span lang=\"EN-US\">(<\/span>\u75db<span lang=\"EN-US\">)<\/span>\u82e6\u5404\u673a\u5173\u4e0e\u653f\u5e9c\u8bf7\u613f\u8bf4\uff1a\u2018\u6211\u4ee5\u540e\u518d\u4e0d\u6253\u5979\u4e86\uff0c\u5979\u8981\u600e\u6837\u5c31\u600e\u6837\uff0c\u5979\u548c\u522b\u4eba\u5e72\uff0c\u6211\u5728\u4e00\u8fb9\u770b\uff0c\u6211\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5e72\u6d89\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u5979\u662f\u6211\u7684\u5973\u4eba\u5c31\u7b97\u3002\u2019\u201d<span lang=\"EN-US\">(29)<\/span>\u4e2a\u522b\u519c\u6c11\u4ee5\u6b7b\u53cd\u6297\u79bb\u5a5a\uff0c\u5982\u201c\u548c\u897f\u5821\u4e0b\u6751\u4e00\u5987\u5973\u544a\u592b\u574f\uff0c\u4e0e\u592b\u79bb\u5a5a\uff0c\u6c14\u5f97\u4e08\u592b\u559d\u5927\u70df\u6b7b\u4e86\u201d\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\">(30)<\/span>\u5e73\u5c71\u53bf\u7684\u6881\u5411\u9053\uff0c\u5c06\u63d0\u51fa\u79bb\u5a5a\u7684\u59bb\u5b50\u6740\u5bb3\u540e\u4e0a\u540a\u81ea\u6740\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\">(31)<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u843d\u540e\u3001\u4e60\u4fd7\u5c1a\u672a\u8d28\u53d8\u7684\u4e61\u6751\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u4ee5\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u884c\u653f\u624b\u6bb5\u63a8\u52a8\u5987\u5973\u53cd\u6297\u5a5a\u59fb\u7684\u4e0d\u5408\u7406\u675f\u7f1a\uff0c\u8ba9\u7537\u6027\u519c\u6c11\u627f\u53d7\u79bb\u5a5a\u9020\u6210\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7a98\u8feb\u3001\u5fc3\u7406\u5931\u8861\u548c\u5bb6\u5ead\u7834\u88c2\u7b49\u540e\u679c\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u591a\u6570\u5bb6\u5ead\u548c\u7537\u6027\u5747\u53cd\u5bf9\u5a5a\u59fb\u6761\u4f8b\u3002\u5982\u6709\u4eba\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u6bdb\u4e3b\u5e2d\u5565\u653f\u7b56\u4e5f\u597d\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u7ed9\u4f22\u79bb\u5a5a\u4e0d\u597d\uff0c\u8fc7\u53bb\u793e\u4f1a\u4eba\u5bb6\u6ca1\u6709\u79bb\u5a5a\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u76f4\u8fc7\u65f6\u5149\u6765\uff0c\u53cd\u25a1\u662f\u73b0\u5728\u63d0\u9ad8\u5987\u5973\u4e86\uff0c\u4f22\u4e0d\u60f3\u7ed9\u8fc7\u5c31\u662f\u79bb\u5a5a\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u5f53\u2018\u6c57<span lang=\"EN-US\">(<\/span>\u6c49<span lang=\"EN-US\">)<\/span>\u4eec\u2019\u7684\u8fd8\u80fd\u542d\u5565\u3002\u201d<span lang=\"EN-US\">(32)<\/span>\u6709\u7684\u751a\u81f3\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u201c\u2018\u6d3b\u751f\u751f\u7684\u5c31\u7ed9\u4eba\u5bb6\u62c6\u6563\u4e86\u3002\u2019\u2026\u2026\u2018\u5973\u7684\u4e00\u6765\u5c31\u79bb\u5a5a\uff0c\u7537\u4eba\u8fd8\u6709\u4fdd\u969c\u5417\uff1f\u2019\u201d<span lang=\"EN-US\">(33)<\/span>\u6709\u4e9b\u901a\u60c5\u8fbe\u7406\u7684\u519c\u6c11\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u53cc\u65b9\u81ea\u613f\u79bb\u5a5a\u503c\u5f97\u540c\u60c5\uff0c\u5728\u5bb6\u53d7\u6c14\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u79bb\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u540c\u610f\u4ee5\u5e74\u9f84\u5dee\u8ddd\u5927\u3001\u5acc\u7a77\u3001\u6709\u5916\u9047\u3001\u6027\u60c5\u4e0d\u5408\u4e3a\u56e0\u79bb\u5a5a\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\">(34)<\/span>\u5982\u548c\u987a\u4e1c\u5173\u8d75\u4e5d\u5143\u7684\u7537\u4eba\u6709\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\uff0c\u592b\u59bb\u611f\u60c5\u4e0d\u597d\uff0c\u8d75\u4e5d\u5143\u63d0\u51fa\u79bb\u5a5a\uff0c\u533a\u5e72\u90e8\u6279\u51c6\uff0c\u6c11\u4f17\u5f88\u4e0d\u6ee1\u610f\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\">(35)<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c11\u4e61\u6751\u5e72\u90e8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u201c\u59bb\u4f11\u592b\u201d\u4e5f\u5341\u5206\u53cd\u611f\uff0c\u6709\u610f\u65e0\u610f\u4ece\u4e2d\u963b\u788d\u3002\u5404\u5730\u4e61\u6751\u5e72\u90e8\u591a\u662f\u519c\u6c11\u51fa\u8eab\uff0c\u53d7\u6587\u5316\u7d20\u517b\u3001\u751f\u5b58\u73af\u5883\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20\u5236\u7ea6\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u771f\u6b63\u7406\u89e3\u65b0\u5a5a\u59fb\u6761\u4f8b\u6240\u5305\u542b\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u4ef7\u503c\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5973\u6027\u89e3\u653e\u3001\u6027\u522b\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8f83\u6a21\u7cca\uff0c\u7537\u5c0a\u5973\u5351\u610f\u8bc6\u4e5f\u662f\u5176\u6700\u6839\u6df1\u8482\u56fa\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\uff0c\u591a\u5bf9\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u52a8\u63d0\u51fa\u79bb\u5a5a\u4e0d\u6ee1\u3002\u201c\u6d89\u53bf\u4e00\u4e9b\u6751\u5e72\u90e8\u8bf4\u771f\u8981\u5b9e\u884c\u4e86\u79bb\u5a5a\uff0c\u5149\u6211\u6751\u5c31\u5f97\u4e00\u5927\u534a\u79bb\u201d\uff1b\u201c\u4e00\u4e2a\u533a\u957f\u8bf4\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u6837\u529e\u6211\u5b9e\u5728\u60f3\u4e0d\u901a\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u6211\u5a18\u91cd\u751f\u4e00\u56de\u201d\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\">(36)<\/span>\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e72\u90e8\u540c\u610f\u201c\u592b\u4f11\u59bb\u201d\uff0c\u5374\u4e0d\u6279\u51c6\u201c\u59bb\u4f11\u592b\u201d\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5f3a\u8c03\u53cc\u65b9\u540c\u610f\u65b9\u80fd\u79bb\u5a5a\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\">(37)<\/span>\u4e00\u4e9b\u53f8\u6cd5\u5e72\u90e8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u79bb\u5a5a\u8bc9\u6c42\u591a\u8fdb\u884c\u8c03\u89e3\uff0c\u8c03\u89e3\u4e0d\u6210\u5c31\u8fdb\u884c\u62d6\u5ef6\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4e0d\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f20\u6848\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u7ed9\u88ab\u544a<span lang=\"EN-US\">(<\/span>\u7537\u6027\u519c\u6c11<span lang=\"EN-US\">)<\/span>\u51fa\u4e3b\u610f\u60f3\u529e\u6cd5\u3002\u57fa\u5c42\u5e72\u90e8\u5229\u7528\u804c\u6743\u7ed9\u63d0\u51fa\u79bb\u5a5a\u7684\u5987\u5973\u8bbe\u7f6e\u969c\u788d\uff0c\u5982\u4e0d\u5f00\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4fe1\uff0c\u5e76\u5a01\u80c1\u8bf4\u201c\u4e0d\u8981\u6751\u4e0a\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4fe1\u4e86\uff0c\u53bf\u91cc\u80fd\u79bb\u5a5a\u8fd8\u8981\u533a\u6751\u516c\u6240\u5e72\u5565\uff0c\u64a4\u9500\u4e86\u5427\u201d\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\">(38)<\/span>\u201c\u7075\u5bff\u5218\u5bb6\u6751\u4e00\u5987\u5973\u7ecf\u533a\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5230\u53bf\u79bb\u5a5a\u540e\uff0c\u6751\u5e72\u90e8\u5f3a\u8c03\u672a\u7ecf\u4ed6\u4eec\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u53bf\u53c8\u628a\u79bb\u5a5a\u5224\u51b3\u6536\u56de\uff0c\u5f3a\u4f7f\u5973\u65b9\u53c8\u4e0e\u7537\u65b9\u91cd\u8fc7\u8d77\u6765\u201d\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\">(39)<\/span>\u201c\u7075\u5bff\u4e8c\u533a\u5c01\u5bb6\u6e7e\u674e\u91d1\u82b1\uff0c\u4e70\u5356\u5a5a\u59fb\uff0c\u6574\u5929\u6328\u6253\u53d7\u6c14\uff0c\u5230\u533a\u8981\u6c42\u79bb\u5a5a\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u4e0d\u7ed9\u89e3\u51b3\uff0c\u53cd\u628a\u5973\u65b9\u62bc\u8d77\u6765\u201d\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\">(40)<\/span>\u5bf9\u63d0\u51fa\u79bb\u5a5a\u7684\u5973\u6027\u7684\u4eba\u8eab\u4f24\u5bb3\u66f4\u662f\u53f8\u7a7a\u89c1\u60ef\u3002\u201c\u6d89\u53bf\u5357\u585e\u6751\uff0c\u6751\u957f\u25a1\u25a1\u25a1\u548c\u751f\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4efb\u5218\u540c\u4ead\u628a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8981\u6c42\u79bb\u5a5a\u7684\u5987\u5973\u674e\u653f\u8363\u7528\u7ef3\u5b50\u7f1a\u5728\u677f\u51f3\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd8\u8981\u5f80\u8170\u786c\u652f\u4e09\u4e2a\u7816\u8131\u53bb\u5916\u8863\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd2\u6253\u201d\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\">(41)<\/span>\u90b1\u53bf\u56db\u533a\u533a\u516c\u6240\u540a\u6253\u4e00\u4e2a\u63d0\u51fa\u79bb\u5a5a\u7684\u5987\u5973\uff0c\u81f4\u4f7f\u5979\u4e0d\u6562\u518d\u63d0\u79bb\u5a5a\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\">(42)<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u6297\u6218\u53ca\u9769\u547d\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u516c\u6743\u529b\u7ad9\u5728\u9053\u5fb7\u5236\u9ad8\u70b9\uff0c\u4ee5\u5a5a\u59fb\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u7406\u5ff5\u5207\u5165\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u5bf9\u5a5a\u59fb\u8fd9\u4e00\u79c1\u4eba\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u6324\u538b\u3002\u7136\u800c\u6839\u6df1\u8482\u56fa\u7684\u4e60\u4fd7\u53ca\u843d\u540e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u5236\u7ea6\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u4e61\u6751\u519c\u6c11\u3001\u5e72\u90e8\u7684\u5e94\u5bf9\u4e0e\u53cd\u5f39\u8d85\u51fa\u4e86\u4e2d\u5171\u9884\u671f\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u201c\u59bb\u4f11\u592b\u201d\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u8eab\u4efd\u4e0e\u601d\u60f3\u610f\u8bc6\u6e0a\u6e90\u5747\u4e3a\u519c\u6c11\u7684\u57fa\u5c42\u5e72\u90e8\u65e2\u8981\u8868\u8fbe\u4e61\u6751\u4e60\u4fd7\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u53c8\u8981\u6210\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5171\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\uff0c\u4ece\u65e9\u671f\u8f83\u4e3a\u79ef\u6781\u6267\u884c\u5a5a\u59fb\u653f\u7b56\u5230\u540e\u671f\u56de\u5f52\u4e61\u6751\u4e60\u4fd7\u538b\u5236\u201c\u59bb\u4f11\u592b\u201d\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u8ba9\u5a5a\u59fb\u653f\u7b56\u9002\u5e94\u793e\u4f1a\u73b0\u5b9e\u3001\u8ba9\u5973\u6027\u89e3\u653e\u670d\u4ece\u7a33\u5b9a\u793e\u4f1a\u79e9\u5e8f\u53ca\u519b\u5fc3\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u5728\u60c5\u4e0e\u6cd5\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e2d\u5171\u7684\u5a5a\u59fb\u653f\u7b56\u65e0\u5948\u5411\u4f20\u7edf\u4e60\u4fd7\u9760\u62e2\uff0c\u5a5a\u59fb\u6761\u4f8b\u8d4b\u4e88\u5973\u6027\u7684\u79bb\u5a5a\u6743\u5229\u53d7\u5230\u8bf8\u591a\u963b\u788d\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4e09\u3001\u5973\u6027\u7684\u8ff7\u832b\u4e0e\u63a2\u6c42<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4e2d\u5171\u6218\u65f6\u52a8\u5458\u53ca\u300a\u5a5a\u59fb\u6761\u4f8b\u300b\u7684\u9881\u5e03\uff0c\u5728\u4e0d\u5c11\u5973\u6027\u5fc3\u4e2d\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u72b9\u5982\u98ce\u5439\u76b1\u4e00\u6c60\u6625\u6c34\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5a5a\u59fb\u653f\u7b56\u53d8\u5316\u3001\u4e00\u4e9b\u6751\u5e72\u90e8\u8f83\u6fc0\u8fdb\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ca\u5973\u6027\u5bf9\u5a5a\u59fb\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u4e0d\u5f53\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u201c\u59bb\u4f11\u592b\u201d\u73b0\u8c61\u6025\u589e\u7684\u504f\u5dee\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u9762\u5bf9\u7740\u4e60\u4fd7\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5229\u76ca\u4e0e\u57fa\u5c42\u5e72\u90e8\u7684\u5404\u65b9\u538b\u529b\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u8eab\u53d7\u7537\u6743\u538b\u8feb\u7684\u4e61\u6751\u5973\u6027\u5f00\u59cb\u89c9\u609f\uff0c\u4ee5\u5404\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u52aa\u529b\u8ffd\u9010\u7740\u81ea\u7531\u5a5a\u59fb\u7684\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u5145\u5206\u8868\u8fbe\u7740\u5979\u4eec\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\u6027\u3002\u5f53\u79bb\u5a5a\u5c61\u6b21\u53d7\u632b\u65f6\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u5973\u6027\u9009\u62e9\u8bf8\u5982\u53d1\u751f\u5a5a\u5916\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u4e0d\u540c\u5c45\u3001\u7834\u574f\u8d22\u4ea7\u751a\u81f3\u4ee5\u6b7b\u6297\u4e89\u7b49\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u6311\u6218\u65e7\u6709\u5a5a\u59fb\u4e0e\u4f26\u7406\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u5404\u5730\u201c\u59bb\u4f11\u592b\u201d\u7684\u7406\u7531\u5f88\u591a\uff0c\u5982\u611f\u60c5\u4e0d\u5408\u3001\u5a46\u5ab3\u4e0d\u5408\u3001\u53d7\u8650\u5f85\u3001\u6709\u5916\u9047\u3001\u751f\u6d3b\u56f0\u96be\u3001\u5e74\u7eaa\u5dee\u8ddd\u5927\u3001\u4e08\u592b\u53c2\u519b\u4e14\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u65e0\u6cd5\u8054\u7cfb\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u539f\u56e0\u7b49\u3002\u636e\u5e73\u897f\u53bf<span lang=\"EN-US\">1941<\/span>\u5e74\u7684\u603b\u7ed3\uff0c\u201c\u59bb\u4f11\u592b\u201d\u8005\u5360\u5987\u5973\u603b\u6570\u7684<span lang=\"EN-US\">45<\/span>\uff05\uff0c\u56e0\u611f\u60c5\u4e0d\u5408\u8981\u6c42\u79bb\u5a5a\u8005\u5360<span lang=\"EN-US\">60<\/span>\uff05\u3002\u5728\u592a\u8c37\uff0c<span lang=\"EN-US\">80<\/span>\uff05\u79bb\u5a5a\u6848\u4ef6\u7684\u4e3b\u56e0\u662f\u611f\u60c5\u4e0d\u5408\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\">(43)<\/span>\u591a\u6570\u4e61\u6751\u7537\u5973\u5a5a\u524d\u6ca1\u6709\u4ea4\u6d41\u611f\u60c5\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u201c\u5a5a\u59fb\u6210\u7acb\u65f6\uff0c\u5728\u592b\u5987\u53cc\u65b9\u611f\u60c5\u57fa\u7840\u65b9\u9762\u901a\u5e38\u8fd8\u662f\u4e00\u5f20\u767d\u7eb8\u201d\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\">(44)<\/span>\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u4e60\u4fd7\u662f\u201c\u628a\u5a5a\u59fb\u5173\u7cfb\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u914d\u5076\u4e4b\u95f4\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u4e0e\u4e49\u52a1\u800c\u975e\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u7231\u60c5\u4e0e\u60c5\u611f\u201d\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\">(45)<\/span>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u66f4\u591a\u5730\u66ff\u4ee3\u201c\u611f\u60c5\u201d\u6210\u4e3a\u5a5a\u59fb\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u662f\u7ef4\u7cfb\u5a5a\u59fb\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7ebd\u5e26\uff0c\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u6709\u7c73\u6709\u9762\u6210\u592b\u59bb\uff0c\u6ca1\u7c73\u6ca1\u9762\u6536\u62fe\u8d77\u201d\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\">(46)<\/span>\u63d0\u51fa\u79bb\u5a5a\u7684\u519c\u5987\uff0c\u591a\u662f\u201c\u5acc\u592b\u5bb6\u751f\u6d3b\u4e0d\u597d\uff0c\u85c9\u4ee5\u5a5a\u59fb\u4e0d\u81ea\u4e3b\u611f\u60c5\u4e0d\u597d\u800c\u79bb\u5a5a\u201d\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\">(47)1942<\/span>\u5e74\u664b\u5180\u8c6b\u533a\u5de5\u4f5c\u603b\u7ed3\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u5acc\u8d2b\u7231\u5bcc\u662f\u201c\u59bb\u4f11\u592b\u201d\u7684\u4e3b\u56e0\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\">(48)<\/span>\u4e0d\u5c11\u201c\u5973\u65b9\u770b\u5230\u7537\u65b9\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u8270\u96be\uff0c\u5c31\u7070\u5fc3\u5931\u671b\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u5f71\u54cd\u5230\u53cc\u65b9\u7684\u611f\u60c5\uff0c\u53d1\u751f\u79bb\u5a5a\u7ea0\u7eb7\u201d\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\">(49)<\/span>\u201c\u59bb\u4f11\u592b\u201d\u4ee5\u201c\u611f\u60c5\u4e0d\u5408\u201d\u4e3a\u7531\uff0c\u663e\u7136\u662f\u8981\u5229\u7528\u5404\u5730\u5a5a\u59fb\u653f\u7b56\u8fbe\u5230\u79bb\u5a5a\u76ee\u7684\u7684\u501f\u53e3\uff0c\u4e0e\u5f3a\u8c03\u4ee5\u611f\u60c5\u4e3a\u5a5a\u59fb\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u5927\u76f8\u5f84\u5ead\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e25\u91cd\u626d\u66f2\u4e86\u4e2d\u5171\u5a5a\u59fb\u89c2\u5ff5\u7684\u6839\u57fa\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"EN-US\">1942<\/span>\u2014<span lang=\"EN-US\">1943<\/span>\u5e74\u95f4\u664b\u5180\u9c81\u8c6b\u3001\u664b\u5bdf\u5180\u3001\u664b\u7ee5\u8fb9\u533a\u516c\u5e03\u7684\u5a5a\u59fb\u6761\u4f8b\u90fd\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u592b\u59bb\u4e00\u65b9\uff0c\u6709\u4e0b\u5217\u60c5\u5f62\u4e4b\u4e00\u8005\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u5f97\u5411\u53f8\u6cd5\u673a\u5173\u8bf7\u6c42\u79bb\u5a5a\uff1a\u5145\u5f53\u6c49\u5978\u8005\u3001\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eba\u901a\u5978\u8005\u3001\u8650\u5f85\u538b\u8feb\u4ed6\u65b9\u8005\u3001\u56fe\u8c0b\u9677\u5bb3\u4ed6\u65b9\u8005\u7b49\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u5973\u6027\u5145\u5206\u5229\u7528\u5173\u4e8e\u79bb\u5a5a\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u611f\u60c5\u4e0d\u5408\u201d\u3001\u201c\u538b\u8feb\u201d\u3001\u201c\u8650\u5f85\u201d\u3001\u201c\u5305\u529e\u5a5a\u59fb\u201d\u7b49\u5b98\u65b9\u8bcd\u6c47\u4e0e\u5bb6\u5ead\u3001\u653f\u5e9c\u76f8\u6297\u4e89\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\">(50)<\/span>\u5982\u548c\u897f\u67d0\u6751\u4e00\u4f4d\u6751\u5987\u72b6\u544a\u5916\u51fa\u7684\u4e08\u592b\u662f\u6c49\u5978\uff0c\u79bb\u5a5a\u540e\u7537\u4eba\u56de\u6765\u4e86\uff0c\u53ea\u597d\u518d\u5224\u5979\u590d\u5a5a\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\">(51)<\/span>\u4e00\u4e9b\u5973\u6027\u5728\u8bc9\u8bbc\u4e2d\u653b\u51fb\u7537\u4eba\u4e0d\u7ed9\u5403\u7a7f\uff0c\u7528\u7ecf\u5e38\u6253\u9a82\u7684\u7406\u7531\u8d77\u8bc9\uff0c\u7528\u8d77\u8bc9\u4e00\u56de\u4e0d\u51c6\u3001\u4e0b\u56de\u518d\u6765\u7684\u6b7b\u7f20\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u6709\u4eba\u5bf9\u4e08\u592b\u7528\u4e0d\u7406\u4e0d\u776c\u3001\u4e0d\u540c\u5e8a\u7684\u529e\u6cd5\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u6fc0\u6012\u7537\u4eba\u6253\u9a82\u3002\u6614\u4e1c\u9648\u6751\u4e00\u4f4d\u5987\u5973\u6545\u610f\u4ee5\u6027\u4e71\u529e\u6cd5\u6765\u79bb\u5a5a\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\">(52)<\/span>\u504f\u57ce\u5c11\u5987\u5b59\u96ea\u5a25\uff0c\u7d20\u4e0e\u5176\u592b\u611f\u60c5\u4e0d\u7766\uff0c\u67d0\u65e5\u4e58\u4e08\u592b\u719f\u7761\uff0c\u5230\u504f\u57ce\u53bf\u653f\u5e9c\u8bec\u544a\u5176\u592b\u6b32\u7528\u53a8\u5200\u8c0b\u5bb3\u5979\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u79bb\u5a5a\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\">(53)<\/span>\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u5973\u6027\u9762\u5bf9\u5bb6\u5ead\u7684\u963b\u6270\uff0c\u4ee5\u6545\u610f\u6d6a\u8d39\u94b1\u8d22\u3001\u641e\u5a5a\u5916\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u5f80\u5916\u9001\u4e1c\u897f\u3001\u4e0d\u548c\u7537\u4eba\u540c\u5c45\u7b49\u624b\u6bb5\u8868\u793a\u6297\u4e89\u3002\u9762\u5bf9\u76f8\u5173\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u63a8\u8131\u548c\u4e0d\u4f5c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u5973\u6027\u201c\u5c31\u8eba\u5230\u653f\u5e9c\u5149\u54ed\u4e0d\u8d70\u6216\u8005\u8981\u884c\u6b7b\u4e0a\u540a\u6216\u8005\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u5916\u8fb9\u6d41\u6d6a\u8ba8\u5403\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u62b5\u6297\uff0c\u6b7b\u4e5f\u4e0d\u56de\u7537\u5bb6\u53bb\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u6597\u4e89\u5230\u6700\u540e\u79bb\u4e86\u5a5a\u4e3a\u6b62\u201d\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\">(54)<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u5a5a\u5916\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u662f\u5973\u6027\u5e94\u5bf9\u79bb\u5a5a\u53d7\u963b\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u201c\u5982\u5e73\u5c71\u3001\u961c\u5e73\u56e0\u4e3a\u519b\u5c5e\u5a5a\u59fb\u95ee\u9898\u4e0d\u80fd\u9002\u5f53\u89e3\u51b3\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u4e0d\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u7537\u5973\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\uff1b<span lang=\"EN-US\">(55)<\/span>\u201c\u4e0a\u5173\u519b\u5c5e\u674e\u6842\u82b1\u7537\u4eba\u4e5f\u662f\u5341\u5e74\u6765\u65e0\u97f3\u4fe1\uff0c\u51e0\u6b21\u4e0d\u51c6\u79bb\u5a5a\uff0c\u548c\u533b\u9662<span lang=\"EN-US\">X<\/span>\u8fde\u957f\u641e\u8d77\u7537\u5973\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\uff1b<span lang=\"EN-US\">(56)<\/span>\u201c\u56db\u533a\u5e84\u91cc\u4e00\u4e2a\u5987\u5973\u5e72\u90e8\uff0c\u7537\u7684\u662f\u50bb\u5b50\uff0c\u5973\u65b9\u63d0\u51fa\u79bb\u5a5a\uff0c\u4e3a\u8fc1\u5c31\u7537\u65b9\u548c\u6015\u5f15\u8d77\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u79bb\u5a5a\u5230\u73b0\u5728\u8fd8\u672a\u79bb\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3<span lang=\"EN-US\">(<\/span>\u81f4<span lang=\"EN-US\">)<\/span>\u5973\u65b9\u6709\u4e86\u7537\u5973\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\">(57)<\/span>\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5404\u5730\u4e61\u6751\u56e0\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7834\u8d25\u3001\u5a5a\u59fb\u53d8\u5f02\u7b49\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u6c11\u4f17\u5bf9\u5a5a\u5916\u4e24\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8f83\u5bbd\u677e\uff0c\u4f46\u5973\u6027\u7531\u6b64\u6240\u627f\u53d7\u7684\u8206\u8bba\u538b\u529b\u4e0e\u9053\u5fb7\u8c34\u8d23\u4e5f\u662f\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e61\u6751\u5973\u6027\u63d0\u51fa\u79bb\u5a5a\u9700\u8981\u8db3\u591f\u52c7\u6c14\uff0c\u6253\u538b\u5973\u6027\u79bb\u5a5a\u8bc9\u6c42\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u4e5f\u6bd4\u6bd4\u7686\u662f\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u5730\u533a\u56e0\u4e3a\u6751\u5e72\u90e8\u8fc1\u5c31\u7537\u6027\u519c\u6c11\uff0c\u963b\u6b62\u201c\u59bb\u4f11\u592b\u201d\u5f0f\u79bb\u5a5a\uff0c\u5973\u6027\u8d70\u6295\u65e0\u8def\u4ee5\u6b7b\u6297\u4e89\u7684\u4e8b\u65f6\u6709\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u5982\u6d9e\u6e90\u4e8c\u533a<span lang=\"EN-US\">4<\/span>\u4e2a\u201c\u59bb\u4f11\u592b\u201d\u5a5a\u59fb\u6848\u4ef6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e5f\u4e0d\u89e3\u51b3\uff0c\u6b64\u98ce\u8513\u5ef6\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f4\u9020\u6210\u5973\u6027\u81ea\u6740\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\">(58)1946<\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u6d89\u53bf\u6709<span lang=\"EN-US\">37<\/span>\u540d\u5987\u5973\u56e0\u5a5a\u59fb\u4e0d\u81ea\u7531\u800c\u81ea\u6740\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\">(59)<\/span>\u5317\u5cb3\u533a\u53f2\u5bb6\u8425\u6751\u652f\u4e66\u53f2\u5929\u82f1\u59bb\u751f\u5b69\u5b50\uff0c\u53f2\u5929\u82f1\u4e0d\u7ed9\u5979\u5403\u9971\uff0c\u5176\u59bb\u6012\u800c\u63d0\u51fa\u79bb\u5a5a\uff0c\u906d\u5230\u533a\u91cc\u62d2\u7edd\uff0c\u8be5\u5973\u5b50\u4e0a\u540a\u800c\u6b7b\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\">(60)<\/span>\u5efa\u5c4f\u53bf\u7684\u4faf\u6539\u6539\u88ab\u8feb\u7ed3\u5a5a\uff0c\u4e0e\u4e08\u592b\u6beb\u65e0\u611f\u60c5\uff0c\u7537\u4eba\u9650\u5236\u5176\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u65f6\u5e38\u6328\u6253\u53d7\u6c14\u7684\u5979\u63d0\u51fa\u79bb\u5a5a\uff0c\u6751\u4e2d\u6c11\u4f17\u53ca\u5e72\u90e8\u5747\u53cd\u5bf9\uff0c\u770b\u5230\u79bb\u5a5a\u6ca1\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u4faf\u6539\u6539\u81ea\u6740\u4ee5\u793a\u6297\u8bae\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\">(61)<\/span>\u6d9e\u6c34\u53bf\u7d2b\u77f3\u53e3\u7684\u6768\u5b8f\u5170\u592b\u5987\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0d\u597d\uff0c\u5973\u65b9\u63d0\u51fa\u79bb\u5a5a\uff0c\u6751\u5e72\u90e8\u4e0d\u4f46\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\uff0c\u8fd8\u628a\u6768\u5b8f\u5170\u59bb\u6263\u62bc\u51e0\u5929\uff0c\u5973\u65b9\u6781\u5ea6\u5931\u671b\u4e0b\u81ea\u6740\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\">(62)<\/span>\u79bb\u5a5a\u53d7\u963b\u540e\uff0c\u79ef\u6028\u8f83\u6df1\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5973\u6027\u751a\u81f3\u9009\u62e9\u66b4\u529b\u6740\u592b\u3002\u201c\u5982\u9ece\u57ce\u4e00\u4e2a\u5987\u5973\uff0c\u56e0\u4e09\u6b21\u79bb\u5a5a\u4e0d\u51c6\uff0c\u6697\u5c06\u5979\u4e08\u592b\u7684\u624b\u69b4\u5f39\uff0c\u628a\u706b\u7ebf\u62c9\u4e0a\uff0c\u62f4\u5728\u7caa\u7b50\u5e95\u4e0b\uff0c\u60f3\u8ba9\u7537\u4eba\u5728\u80cc\u7b50\u5934\u65f6\u597d\u70b8\u6b7b\u201d\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\">(63)<\/span>\u4e00\u4e9b\u5973\u6027\u201c\u60f3\u6cd5\u5a01\u80c1\u5987\u6551\u4f1a\uff0c\u5982\u8bf4\u2018\u4e0d\u7ed9\u79bb\u5a5a\u5c31\u4e0d\u505a\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e86\u2019\uff0c\u2018\u4e0d\u89e3\u51b3\u53ea\u6709\u4e0a\u540a\u3001\u8df3\u6cb3\u4e86\u2019\u201d\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\">(64)<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u5404\u6839\u636e\u5730\u5a5a\u59fb\u6761\u4f8b\u7684\u9881\u5e03\u3001\u6c11\u4f17\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u8fdb\u884c\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u5f00\u5c55\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e0d\u5c11\u5973\u6027\u5728\u601d\u60f3\u4e0a\u6709\u6240\u89c9\u609f\uff0c\u9010\u6b65\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u4e70\u5356\u5a5a\u59fb\u3001\u5305\u529e\u5a5a\u59fb\u7b49\u65e7\u5a5a\u4fd7\u7684\u4e0d\u5408\u7406\uff0c\u8ba4\u540c\u5a5a\u59fb\u604b\u7231\u81ea\u4e3b\u3001\u7537\u5973\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\u3002\u7136\u800c\u9650\u4e8e\u77e5\u8bc6\u4e0e\u773c\u754c\uff0c\u5979\u4eec\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u51c6\u786e\u7406\u89e3\u4e2d\u5171\u7684\u5a5a\u59fb\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u5973\u6027\u751a\u81f3\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u5a5a\u59fb\u81ea\u4e3b\u5373\u662f\u5987\u5973\u89e3\u653e\u7684\u9519\u89c9\uff0c<span lang=\"EN-US\">(65)<\/span>\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u628a\u5a5a\u59fb\u81ea\u7531\u4e0e\u79bb\u5a5a\u5212\u7b49\u53f7\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\">(66)<\/span>\u52a0\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e9b\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u786e\u6709\u628a\u89e3\u9664\u5987\u5973\u5a5a\u59fb\u89c6\u4e3a\u52a8\u5458\u5987\u5973\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u624b\u6bb5\u7684\u504f\u5411\uff0c\u95f4\u63a5\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u201c\u59bb\u4f11\u592b\u201d\u6848\u4ef6\u7684\u6fc0\u589e\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\">(67)<\/span>\u4e0d\u5c11\u5987\u5973\u5e76\u975e\u56e0\u5a5a\u59fb\u751f\u6d3b\u96be\u4ee5\u7ee7\u7eed\u800c\u63d0\u51fa\u79bb\u5a5a\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u662f\u56e0\u592b\u59bb\u5076\u53d1\u5c0f\u7ea0\u7eb7\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u662f\u968f\u5927\u6d41\uff0c<span lang=\"EN-US\">(68)<\/span>\u8fd8\u6709\u4e9b\u5987\u5973\u5c31\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5acc\u4e08\u592b\u96be\u770b\u63d0\u51fa\u79bb\u5a5a\u7684\uff1b<span lang=\"EN-US\">(69)<\/span>\u751a\u81f3\u6709\u4e9b\u5973\u6027\u628a\u79bb\u5a5a\u5f53\u201c\u513f\u620f\u201d\u3002\u5982\u5e73\u5c71\u53bf\u4e00\u4e2a\u6751\u5987\uff0c\u4e09\u5e74\u4e2d\u7ed3\u800c\u53c8\u79bb\u5171\u8ba1\u4e94\u6b21\uff1b\u5de6\u6743\u53bf\u4e00\u4e2a\u6751\u5987\u7ed3\u5a5a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6708\u540e\u53c8\u79bb\u5a5a\uff1b<span lang=\"EN-US\">(70)<\/span>\u6709\u7684\u5973\u6027\u4e00\u4e2a\u6708\u91cc\u7adf\u6539\u5ac1\u4e86\u4e24\u6b21\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\">(71)<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u9650\u4e8e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6761\u4ef6\u53ca\u9009\u62e9\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u4e61\u6751\u5973\u6027\u7684\u5a5a\u59fb\u591a\u96be\u4ee5\u81ea\u4e3b\uff0c\u4e5f\u96be\u4ee5\u5728\u7537\u6743\u7406\u5ff5\u4e0b\u4e89\u5f97\u5bb6\u5ead\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u5e73\u7b49\u3002\u5f53\u5a5a\u59fb\u6761\u4f8b\u9881\u5e03\u540e\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u5973\u6027\u5bfb\u6c42\u5404\u79cd\u7406\u7531\u4ee5\u6539\u53d8\u5a5a\u59fb\u72b6\u51b5\uff0c\u4e3a\u6b64\u751a\u81f3\u4e0d\u60dc\u4ee5\u4e3b\u52a8\u53d1\u751f\u5a5a\u5916\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u81ea\u6740\u8fdb\u884c\u6297\u4e89\uff0c\u7528\u89c9\u9192\u7684\u6027\u522b\u610f\u8bc6\u3001\u5e73\u7b49\u610f\u8bc6\u8ffd\u6c42\u81ea\u4e3b\u7684\u611f\u60c5\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u5411\u4f20\u7edf\u5a5a\u59fb\u89c2\u5ff5\u751a\u81f3\u6027\u89c2\u5ff5\u53d1\u51fa\u6311\u6218\u3002\u7136\u800c\u7531\u4e8e\u5a5a\u59fb\u6761\u4f8b\u800c\u5f15\u53d1\u7684\u5a5a\u59fb\u53d8\u52a8\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u6709\u5a5a\u59fb\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u5148\u884c\u7406\u5ff5\u652f\u6491\uff0c\u4f46\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u6297\u6218\u4e0e\u9769\u547d\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\u653f\u6cbb\u52a8\u5458\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\uff0c\u201c\u59bb\u4f11\u592b\u201d\u7684\u89c4\u6a21\u5448\u73b0\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e61\u6751\u5bb6\u5ead\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u6447\u8361\uff0c\u4e2d\u5171\u5404\u7ea7\u653f\u6743\u88ab\u8feb\u8c03\u6574\u5a5a\u59fb\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u4ee5\u5951\u5408\u4e61\u6751\u4e60\u4fd7\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u9700\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u56db\u3001\u5a5a\u59fb\u4e0e\u9769\u547d\u7684\u7ea0\u7f20<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4e61\u6751\u5973\u6027\u662f\u53d7\u5236\u4e8e\u4f20\u7edf\u4e60\u4fd7\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u6027\u522b\u6b67\u89c6\u7684\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u3002\u5a5a\u59fb\u5e78\u798f\u4e0e\u5426\uff0c\u672c\u4e5f\u6beb\u65e0\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u5f53\u5a5a\u59fb\u6761\u4f8b\u6253\u5f00\u81ea\u7531\u9009\u62e9\u5927\u95e8\u540e\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u6562\u4e8e\u4e3b\u52a8\u8d70\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u6027\u683c\u521a\u5f3a\u3001\u6027\u522b\u610f\u8bc6\u5f3a\u53c8\u6709\u5987\u6551\u4f1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u652f\u6301\u7684\u5973\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5973\u6027\u540e\u6765\u5728\u5404\u5730\u5987\u6551\u4f1a\u3001\u9752\u6551\u4f1a\u53ca\u5404\u57fa\u5c42\u653f\u6743\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u53d1\u6325\u4e86\u79ef\u6781\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u591a\u6570\u5973\u6027\u4e5f\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u53ef\u4f9b\u5979\u4eec\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u518d\u5a5a\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e0e\u524d\u592b\u7684\u7537\u6743\u7406\u5ff5\u5982\u51fa\u4e00\u8f99\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8f9b\u9178\u4e0e\u65e0\u5948\u7684\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u662f\u4e86\u89e3\u6b64\u65f6\u5973\u6027\u89e3\u653e\u5b9e\u8d28\u5fc5\u987b\u4e88\u4ee5\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u79bb\u5a5a\u8fc7\u591a\u5f71\u54cd\u5bb6\u5ead\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u79e9\u5e8f\u751a\u81f3\u519b\u5fc3\uff0c\u4e2d\u5171\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u5728\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u8c03\u6574\u5a5a\u59fb\u653f\u7b56\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u5a5a\u59fb\u6761\u4f8b\u9881\u5e03\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u8bf8\u591a\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e0e\u534e\u5317\u4e61\u6751\u4e60\u4fd7\u76f8\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u62db\u81f4\u4ee5\u7236\u6743\u4e3a\u4e3b\u5bfc\u7684\u4e61\u6751\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0d\u6ee1\uff0c\u6b64\u540e\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e5f\u52a0\u5267\u4e86\u53cc\u65b9\u77db\u76fe\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u201c\u5979\u4eec<span lang=\"EN-US\">(<\/span>\u5987\u5973\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005<span lang=\"EN-US\">)<\/span>\u662f\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u53f7\u53ec\uff0c\u7a7a\u558a\u7537\u5973\u5e73\u7b49\uff0c\u7a7a\u558a\u89e3\u9664\u5c01\u5efa\u675f\u7f1a\u3002\u2026\u2026\u548c\u5987\u5973\u4e00\u8c08\u8bdd\uff0c\u53c8\u662f\u8bf4\u4ec0\u4e48\u53cd\u5bf9\u7537\u4eba\u538b\u8feb\u5973\u4eba\u5440\uff01\u63d0\u9ad8\u5987\u5973\u5730\u4f4d\u5440\uff01\u5a5a\u59fb\u95ee\u9898\u5440\uff01\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5f04\u5f97\u6709\u4e9b\u5987\u5973\u672c\u4e0d\u5e94\u79bb\u5a5a\u800c\u79bb\u4e86\u5a5a\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u5f15\u8d77\u7fa4\u4f17\u7684\u53cd\u5bf9\u201d\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\">(72)<\/span>\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u5987\u5973\u5de5\u4f5c\u52a8\u5458\u8005\u5c06\u89e3\u51b3\u5a5a\u59fb\u95ee\u9898\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4e3a\u79bb\u5a5a\u800c\u79bb\u5a5a\u7684\u5c40\u9762\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\">(73)1942<\/span>\u5e74\u6cb3\u5357\u3001\u5c71\u897f\u7b49\u7701\u53d1\u751f\u7279\u5927\u65f1\u707e\u65f6\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u5730\u533a\u201c\u4ecd\u5c06\u79bb\u5a5a\u770b\u6210\u662f\u5987\u5973\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\uff0c\u628a\u79bb\u5a5a\u4ef6\u6570\u5f53\u6210\u5de5\u4f5c\u6210\u7ee9\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u6751\u9020\u6210\u70ed\u6f6e\u3002\u5982\u5a5a\u59fb\u51b3\u8bae<span lang=\"EN-US\">(<\/span>\u54ea\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u53ef\u79bb\u5a5a<span lang=\"EN-US\">)<\/span>\u4f20\u8fbe\u4e0b\u6765\u65f6\uff0c\u9752\u5e74\u6751\u5987\u6551\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4efb\u4f20\u8fbe\u540e\u4fbf\u5728\u5927\u4f1a\u4e0a\u53f7\u53ec\uff0c\u2018\u6211\u5e74\u9f84\u5927\uff0c\u7537\u4eba\u5c0f\uff0c\u5c81\u6570\u60ac\u6b8a\uff0c\u611f\u60c5\u4e0d\u548c\uff0c\u6211\u8d77\u6a21\u8303\u4f5c\u7528\u79bb\u5a5a\u2019\u3002\u6709\u7684\u9752\u5987\u4e5f\u54cd\u5e94\u53f7\u53ec\uff0c\u2018\u6211\u591f\u67d0\u67d0\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u6211\u4e5f\u79bb\u5a5a\u2019\u3002\u5180\u4e2d\u5728<span lang=\"EN-US\">1939<\/span>\u5e74\u5927\u6c34\u707e\u65f6\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u5e74\u9f84\u60ac\u6b8a\u8005\u53ef\u79bb\u5a5a\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u7fa4\u4f17\u4e0d\u81ea\u613f\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u9f13\u52a8\u548c\u5f3a\u5236\u4eba\u5bb6\u79bb\u5a5a\u201d\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\">(74)<\/span>\u518d\u6b21\uff0c\u5c06\u5a5a\u59fb\u95ee\u9898\u5355\u7eaf\u770b\u4f5c\u5987\u5973\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5ffd\u89c6\u7537\u6027\u53ca\u5bb6\u5ead\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u201c\u4e0d\u8c03\u67e5\u53ea\u542c\u5987\u5973\u7247\u9762\u7684\u53cd\u6620\u201d\uff0c<span lang=\"EN-US\">(75)<\/span>\u53ea\u8981\u5973\u65b9\u63d0\u51fa\u5c31\u51c6\u4e88\u79bb\u5a5a\uff0c\u4e0d\u8003\u8651\u7537\u65b9\u60c5\u51b5\u548c\u610f\u89c1\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\">(76)<\/span>\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u5904\u7406\u5a5a\u59fb\u95ee\u9898\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fc7\u4e8e\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u5982\u201c\u67d0\u5730\u6709\u4e00\u5987\u5973\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e08\u592b\u5bf9\u5979\u4e0d\u597d\uff0c\u5411\u5987\u8054\u8981\u6c42\u5e2e\u52a9\u5979\u79bb\u5a5a\uff0c\u5987\u8054\u540c\u5fd7\u6ca1\u6709\u8be6\u7ec6\u8c03\u67e5\uff0c\u5c31\u5e2e\u52a9\u5979\u79bb\u5a5a\u3002\u5f53\u79bb\u5a5a\u624b\u7eed\u529e\u4e86\uff0c\u8be5\u5973\u5b50\u548c\u5979\u4e08\u592b\u62b1\u5934\u75db\u54ed\uff0c\u820d\u4e0d\u5f97\u5206\u5f00\uff0c\u81f4\u5f53\u5730\u5987\u5973\u5bf9\u5987\u8054\u4e0d\u6ee1\uff0c\u8bf4\u5987\u8054\u6311\u62e8\u4eba\u5bb6\u592b\u5987\uff0c\u717d\u52a8\u4eba\u5bb6\u79bb\u5a5a\uff0c\u4f7f\u5987\u8054\u5a01\u4fe1\u5927\u53d7\u5f71\u54cd\u201d\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\">(77)<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u5987\u5973\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u5904\u7406\u201c\u59bb\u4f11\u592b\u201d\u73b0\u8c61\u65f6\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u504f\u5dee\uff0c\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u7537\u6027\u519c\u6c11\u7684\u5f3a\u70c8\u4e0d\u6ee1\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u201c\u63d0\u51fa\u79bb\u5a5a\u7684\u591a\u534a\u662f\u8d2b\u519c\u59bb\u5b50\uff0c\u4e14\u591a\u534a\u56e0\u5acc\u5bb6\u8d2b\u60f3\u5ac1\u66f4\u597d\u4e9b\uff0c\u800c\u79bb\u5a5a\u7ed3\u679c\u5f88\u591a\u8d2b\u519c\u53d7\u5230\u6781\u5927\u7684\u635f\u5931\u201d\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\">(78)<\/span>\u4e00\u4e9b\u8d2b\u96c7\u519c\u6781\u4e3a\u4e0d\u6ee1\uff0c\u8bf4\u5987\u6551\u4f1a\u662f\u79bb\u5a5a\u4f1a\uff0c\u5a5a\u59fb\u6cd5\u4ee4\u5bf9\u7537\u4eba\u660e\u663e\u4e0d\u5229\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\">(79)<\/span>\u8892\u62a4\u201c\u59bb\u4f11\u592b\u201d\u867d\u7136\u89e3\u9664\u4e86\u90e8\u5206\u5973\u6027\u7684\u75db\u82e6\uff0c\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u6210\u7ee9\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u7537\u5973\u5bf9\u7acb\u3001\u9752\u8001\u5e74\u5bf9\u7acb\uff0c<span lang=\"EN-US\">(80)<\/span>\u8fdb\u800c\u5f15\u8d77\u5bb6\u5ead\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u6447\u8361\uff0c\u59a8\u788d\u4e86\u519c\u4e1a\u751f\u4ea7\u548c\u4e61\u6751\u793e\u4f1a\u79e9\u5e8f\u3002\u5987\u6551\u4f1a\u5f3a\u8c03\u5a5a\u59fb\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u519c\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7684\u8d2b\u96c7\u519c\u56e0\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6761\u4ef6\u5dee\u3001\u5a36\u59bb\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u53cd\u5bf9\u79bb\u5a5a\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u5987\u3001\u519c\u56e2\u4f53\u95f4\u4e3a\u6b64\u4e5f\u4ea7\u751f\u6469\u64e6\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\">(81)<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u4e61\u6751\u73b0\u5b9e\u5bf9\u5a5a\u59fb\u81ea\u7531\u4ee5\u53ca\u5987\u5973\u5de5\u4f5c\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u538b\u529b\uff0c\u8feb\u4f7f\u5404\u6839\u636e\u5730\u5f00\u59cb\u53cd\u601d\u5a5a\u59fb\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u52aa\u529b\u7f13\u548c\u4e24\u6027\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u5a5a\u59fb\u53d8\u9769\u7684\u8d1f\u9762\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\">1943<\/span>\u5e74<span lang=\"EN-US\">2<\/span>\u6708\uff0c\u4e2d\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u53d1\u6587\u5f3a\u8c03\u8981\u5207\u5b9e\u7406\u89e3\u5987\u5973\u751f\u7406\u3001\u751f\u6d3b\u53ca\u5bb6\u52a1\u4e0a\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5de5\u4f5c\u662f\u5987\u5973\u6700\u4e3a\u9002\u5b9c\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5987\u5973\u653f\u6cbb\u5730\u4f4d\u548c\u6587\u5316\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u63d0\u9ad8\u3001\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u6539\u5584\u53ca\u6700\u7ec8\u89e3\u653e\u7684\u83b7\u5f97\uff0c\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u4ece\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e30\u88d5\u4e0e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u72ec\u7acb\u5165\u624b\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\">(82)4<\/span>\u6708\uff0c\u5f6d\u5fb7\u6000\u5f3a\u8c03\uff1a\u201c\u5fc5\u987b\u80af\u5b9a\u8ba4\u8bc6\uff0c\u9636\u7ea7\u538b\u8feb\u662f\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u3001\u4e0d\u53ef\u8c03\u548c\u7684\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u800c\u7537\u5973\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u5219\u662f\u7531\u9636\u7ea7\u793e\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u9644\u5c5e\u77db\u76fe\u3002\u8bbe\u82e5\u4e0d\u5206\u8f7b\u91cd\uff0c\u628a\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u77db\u76fe\u5e73\u5217\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u4f7f\u5987\u5973\u8fd0\u52a8\u5b64\u7acb\u3002\u5c24\u5176\u5371\u9669\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u5c06\u4e24\u4e2a\u77db\u76fe\u8f7b\u91cd\u5012\u7f6e\uff0c\u5fc5\u7136\u5f15\u5bfc\u5987\u5973\u8fd0\u52a8\u4ea7\u751f\u9519\u8bef\u503e\u5411\uff0c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u8fd9\u79cd\u9519\u8bef\u503e\u5411\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u5730\u533a\u662f\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u3002\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\u7537\u5973\u77db\u76fe\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8c03\u548c\u7684\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u9636\u7ea7\u77db\u76fe\u624d\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u8c03\u548c\u7684\u3002\u201d<span lang=\"EN-US\">(83)<\/span>\u5987\u5973\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e3b\u5e2d\u8521\u7545\u5973\u58eb\u5728\u4f1a\u89c1\u7f8e\u56fd\u8bb0\u8005\u65af\u7279\u6717\u65f6\u79f0\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u519c\u6751\u5730\u533a\u7684\u53e3\u53f7\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u2018\u5a5a\u59fb\u81ea\u7531\u2019\u548c\u2018\u7537\u5973\u5e73\u7b49\u2019\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u2018\u62ef\u6551\u5a74\u513f\u2019\u548c\u2018\u53d1\u5bb6\u81f4\u5bcc\u2019\u4e86\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u8fc7\u4e8e\u5f3a\u8c03\u5987\u5973\u7684\u6743\u5229\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u7ad9\u5728\u519c\u6c11\u7684\u5bf9\u7acb\u9762\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u7537\u5973\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\u524a\u5f31\u4e86\u53cd\u5bf9\u65e5\u5bc7\u548c\u5730\u4e3b\u7684\u8054\u5408\u6597\u4e89\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5987\u5973\u5e73\u7b49\u548c\u5a5a\u59fb\u81ea\u7531\u662f\u5f97\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\u3002\u201d<span lang=\"EN-US\">(84)<\/span>\u6b64\u540e\uff0c\u5404\u6839\u636e\u5730\u5bf9\u201c\u59bb\u4f11\u592b\u201d\u73b0\u8c61\u9010\u6e10\u52a0\u4ee5\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u4e61\u6751\u5bb6\u5ead\u77db\u76fe\u53ca\u793e\u4f1a\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u4e0d\u5b89\u5b9a\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u4e61\u6751\u5987\u5973\u89e3\u653e\u3001\u5a5a\u59fb\u53d8\u9769\u5e76\u975e\u53ef\u4ee5\u65e0\u6761\u4ef6\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u7b49\u8bf8\u591a\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u6ee1\u8db3\uff0c\u4e5f\u8981\u4f9d\u9760\u5e7f\u5927\u519c\u6c11\u7684\u89c9\u609f\u548c\u5168\u529b\u652f\u6301\u3002\u7136\u800c\u5c31\u6297\u6218\u4e0e\u9769\u547d\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\u4e3b\u9898\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4e61\u6751\u793e\u4f1a\u79e9\u5e8f\u7a33\u5b9a\u3001\u751f\u4ea7\u7e41\u8363\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u8981\u8fdc\u9ad8\u4e8e\u5973\u6027\u89e3\u653e\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u8bc9\u6c42\uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u663e\u7136\u662f\u6709\u4e3b\u6b21\u4e4b\u5206\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6b64\u540e\uff0c\u5404\u5730\u653f\u6743\u5728\u6267\u884c\u5a5a\u59fb\u653f\u7b56\u65f6\u4e00\u53d8\u800c\u8d70\u5411\u53e6\u4e00\u6781\u7aef\uff0c\u4e0d\u5355\u52aa\u529b\u5c06\u6027\u522b\u77db\u76fe\u5316\u89e3\u6216\u538b\u5236\u4e8e\u57fa\u5c42\uff0c\u8fd8\u504f\u5411\u4e8e\u4fdd\u62a4\u7537\u6027\u8d2b\u96c7\u519c\u3002\u201c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8d2b\u96c7\u519c\u7684\u5a5a\u59fb\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u5176\u7ed3\u5a5a\u4e4b\u4e0d\u6613\u201d\uff0c<span lang=\"EN-US\">(85)<\/span>\u4e0d\u5c11\u6751\u5e72\u90e8\u8f6c\u5411\u4e86\u201c\u5355\u7eaf\u7684\u8d2b\u96c7\u519c\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u6015\u519c\u6c11\u5931\u6389\u8001\u5a46\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u7167\u987e\u7537\u5973\u53cc\u65b9\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u201d\uff0c<span lang=\"EN-US\">(86)<\/span>\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e72\u90e8\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff1a\u201c\u5b9e\u884c\u5a5a\u59fb\u81ea\u4e3b\u4e0e\u7537\u5973\u5e73\u7b49\uff0c\u5bf9\u8d2b\u82e6\u519c\u6c11\u662f\u4e0d\u5229\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c\u575a\u51b3\u5b9e\u884c\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u4f1a\u8131\u79bb\u8d2b\u82e6\u519c\u6c11\u3002\u201d<span lang=\"EN-US\">(87)<\/span>\u5973\u6027\u5229\u76ca\u5219\u88ab\u6f20\u89c6\u548c\u727a\u7272\u3002\u5728\u5bf9\u8d2b\u96c7\u519c\u5a5a\u59fb\u91c7\u53d6\u4fdd\u5b88\u6001\u52bf\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5404\u5730\u5bf9\u5730\u5bcc\u9636\u5c42\u7684\u5a5a\u59fb\u7834\u88c2\u5219\u660e\u663e\u4e88\u4ee5\u652f\u6301\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\">1946<\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u5180\u5357\u884c\u7f72\u89c4\u5b9a\uff1a\u201c\u7532\u3001\u7537\u5927\u5973\u5c0f\u8005\u662f\u8d2b\u56f0\u4e4b\u5bb6\uff0c\u867d\u5df2\u6784\u6210\u79bb\u5a5a\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e5f\u5e94\u5c3d\u91cf\u52a8\u5458\u4e0d\u79bb\uff0c\u82e5\u5973\u65b9\u575a\u51b3\u79bb\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u659f\u914c\u53cc\u65b9\u5bcc\u529b\u8d54\u7537\u65b9\u4e00\u90e8\u635f\u5931\u3002\u4e59\u3001\u7537\u5c0f\u5973\u5927\u591a\u662f\u5bcc\u8d35\u4e4b\u5bb6\uff0c\u79bb\u5a5a\u6761\u4ef6\u5373\u4fbf\u52c9\u5f3a\u4e9b\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u5c3d\u91cf\u79bb\u3002\u201d<span lang=\"EN-US\">(88)1947<\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u8944\u57a3\u53bf\u201c\u59bb\u4f11\u592b\u201d\u6848\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u5730\u5bcc\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u5973\u6027\u5360<span lang=\"EN-US\">62<\/span>\uff05\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\">(89)<\/span>\u8fd9\u4e00\u505a\u6cd5\u7684\u80cc\u540e\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6709\u6700\u5927\u53ef\u80fd\u5730\u5b64\u7acb\u3001\u74e6\u89e3\u5730\u5bcc\u9636\u5c42\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u610f\u56fe\uff0c\u66f4\u6709\u901a\u8fc7\u79bb\u5a5a\u5c06\u5730\u5bcc\u5973\u7737\u5206\u5316\u51fa\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u8d2b\u96c7\u519c\u5a5a\u59fb\u7684\u8003\u91cf\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u51fa\u81ea\u5730\u5bcc\u9636\u5c42\u7684\u5973\u6027\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u518d\u5a5a\u66f4\u6362\u8eab\u4efd\u8fdb\u800c\u83b7\u5f97\u653f\u6cbb\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u63d0\u9ad8\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u751f\u6d3b\u8d2b\u7a77\u4e5f\u5728\u6240\u4e0d\u60dc\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5404\u5730\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u4e3e\u52a8\uff0c\u9002\u5e94\u4e86\u534e\u5317\u504f\u8fdc\u4e61\u6751\u5973\u6027\u7f3a\u4e4f\u3001\u5355\u8eab\u7537\u6027\u5bf9\u5a5a\u59fb\u9700\u6c42\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u3002\u5982\u5728\u571f\u6539\u540e\u7684\u5341\u91cc\u5e97\uff0c\u201c\u8bb8\u591a\u65b0\u4e2d\u519c\u5355\u8eab\u6c49\u4ecd\u65e0\u6cd5\u5a36\u5230\u59bb\u5b50\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u6218\u4e89\u65f6\u671f\u727a\u7272\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u7537\u5b50\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd8\u662f\u5b58\u5728\u5987\u5973\u77ed\u7f3a\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u6781\u5ea6\u6e34\u671b\u7ed3\u5a5a\u7684\u5355\u8eab\u6c49\u7aed\u529b\u4e3b\u5f20\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u5265\u524a\u8005\u5e94\u8be5\u79bb\u5a5a\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u80fd\u591f\u4e0e\u79bb\u5a5a\u7684\u5987\u5973\u7ed3\u4e3a\u592b\u59bb\u201d\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\">(90)<\/span>\u571f\u6539\u6597\u4e89\u4e2d\u628a\u5730\u5bcc\u5bb6\u5ead\u5973\u6027\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8d22\u4ea7\u91cd\u65b0\u5206\u914d\u7684\u4e8b\u4f8b\u5e76\u975e\u4e2a\u6848\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u5f3a\u8feb\u5730\u5bcc\u5bb6\u5ead\u5973\u7737\u6539\u5ac1\u519c\u6c11\u7684\u4e8b\u4f8b\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\">(91)<\/span>\u58f6\u5173\u7684\u8463\u5bb6\u5761\u5730\u4e3b\u5f20\u5c0f\u6709\u7684\u5ab3\u5987\u738b\u559c\u6885\uff0c\u88ab\u6751\u5e72\u90e8\u5708\u5b9a\u53ea\u51c6\u5ac1\u672c\u6751\uff0c\u4e0d\u51c6\u5ac1\u5916\u6751\uff0c\u5e76\u88ab\u6307\u5b9a\u4ece\u5168\u6751<span lang=\"EN-US\">7<\/span>\u4e2a\u5149\u68cd\u4e2d\u6311\u4e00\u4e2a\u3002\u738b\u559c\u6885\u4e0d\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u6751\u5e72\u90e8\u5c06\u5979\u6263\u62bc<span lang=\"EN-US\">7<\/span>\u5929\uff0c\u5e76\u5a01\u80c1\u5979\u4e0d\u5ac1\u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u6253\u6b7b\uff0c\u738b\u6c0f\u88ab\u8feb\u540c\u610f\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\">(92)<\/span>\u5f53\u5a5a\u59fb\u88ab\u62d6\u8fdb\u4e86\u653f\u6cbb\u573a\u57df\uff0c\u79bb\u5a5a\u81ea\u7531\u5c31\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u5355\u7eaf\u7684\u5973\u6027\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u66f4\u88ab\u8d4b\u4e88\u4e86\u6d53\u91cd\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u8272\u5f69\u3002\u81f3\u6b64\uff0c\u5404\u5730\u544a\u522b\u4e86\u6784\u5efa\u4ee5\u611f\u60c5\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u5a5a\u59fb\u613f\u666f\uff0c\u5973\u6027\u627f\u53d7\u7740\u4ee5\u4f20\u7edf\u7537\u6743\u548c\u9769\u547d\u9700\u6c42\u4e3a\u540d\u4e49\u52a0\u8bf8\u7684\u53cc\u91cd\u8d1f\u62c5\uff0c\u8eab\u4f53\u5728\u9769\u547d\u540d\u4e49\u4e0b\u4e0d\u65ad\u88ab\u91cd\u65b0\u5206\u914d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4fdd\u8bc1\u519b\u4eba\u65e0\u540e\u987e\u4e4b\u5fe7\uff0c\u5404\u5730\u653f\u6743\u5bf9\u519b\u4eba\u5a5a\u59fb\u5b9e\u884c\u7279\u6b8a\u4fdd\u62a4\u3002\u664b\u5bdf\u5180\u548c\u664b\u7ee5\u7684\u5a5a\u59fb\u6761\u4f8b\u90fd\u6709\u5173\u4e8e\u519b\u5a5a\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u5982\u201c\u6297\u65e5\u519b\u4eba\u4e4b\u914d\u5076\uff0c\u975e\u4e8e\u6297\u65e5\u519b\u4eba\u751f\u6b7b\u4e0d\u660e\u903e\u56db\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e3a\u79bb\u5a5a\u4e4b\u8bf7\u6c42\u201d\uff1b\u201c\u6297\u6218\u519b\u4eba\u4e4b\u592b\u59bb\u53cc\u65b9\uff0c\u975e\u786e\u77e5\u4e00\u65b9\u6b7b\u4ea1\u6216\u5bf9\u65b9\u540c\u610f\u8005\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f97\u8bf7\u6c42\u79bb\u5a5a\u201d\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\">(93)<\/span>\u4e00\u4e9b\u5730\u65b9\u5e72\u90e8\u91c7\u53d6\u201c\u5b81\u5de6\u52ff\u53f3\u201d\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u62d2\u4e0d\u6267\u884c\u519b\u5c5e\u5a5a\u59fb\u6761\u4f8b\uff0c\u81f4\u4e00\u4e9b\u519b\u5c5e<span lang=\"EN-US\">(<\/span>\u5305\u62ec\u519b\u4eba\u672a\u5a5a\u59bb<span lang=\"EN-US\">)<\/span>\u5728\u8d85\u8fc7\u6761\u4f8b\u89c4\u5b9a\u5e74\u9650\u540e<span lang=\"EN-US\">(<\/span>\u6709\u7b49\u81f3\u5341\u51e0\u5e74\u8005<span lang=\"EN-US\">)<\/span>\u4ecd\u4e0d\u8bb8\u79bb\u5a5a\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\">(94)<\/span>\u6d89\u53bf\u4e09\u5206\u533a\u7684\u8042\u5174\u987a\u201c\u4e5d\u5c81\u5c31\u88ab\u5a18\u5bb6\u4ee5\u5341\u516d\u5143\u94b1\u5356\u7ed9\u4e86\u6d89\u53bf\u4e09\u533a\u53f2\u5bb6\u5e84\u5f20\u5ef7\u7684\u4e3a\u7ae5\u517b\u5ab3\u3002\u4e0d\u5230\u5341\u4e03\u5c81\u7ed3\u5a5a\u5706\u623f\uff0c\u5a5a\u540e\u592b\u59bb\u611f\u60c5\u4e0d\u597d\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\">1943<\/span>\u5e74<span lang=\"EN-US\">2<\/span>\u6708\u5f20\u5ef7\u7684\u53c2\u519b\uff0c\u6b64\u540e\u4e94\u5e74\u6beb\u65e0\u97f3\u4fe1\uff0c\u8042\u5174\u987a\u4fbf\u63d0\u51fa\u79bb\u5a5a\u3002\u53f2\u5bb6\u5e84\u56e0\u5176\u662f\u519b\u5c5e\uff0c\u4ee5\u79bb\u5a5a\u5f71\u54cd\u4e0d\u597d\u4e3a\u7531\uff0c\u963b\u6270\u5176\u79bb\u5a5a\u518d\u5ac1\u3002\u53bf\u653f\u5e9c\u7ecf\u591a\u65b9\u8c03\u67e5\uff0c\u6279\u51c6\u8042\u5174\u987a\u4e0e\u5f20\u5ef7\u7684\u79bb\u5a5a\uff0c\u4f46\u533a\u7f72\u4ecd\u52a0\u4ee5\u963b\u6320\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e88\u529e\u7406\u79bb\u5a5a\u624b\u7eed\u201d\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\">(95)<\/span>\u5018\u82e5\u653f\u5e9c\u540c\u610f\u519b\u5c5e\u79bb\u5a5a\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u5fc5\u987b\u83b7\u5f97\u519b\u4eba\u540c\u610f\u6216\u519b\u4eba\u65e9\u5df2\u518d\u5a5a\uff0c\u5219\u653f\u5e9c\u518d\u65e0\u5e72\u6d89\u519b\u5c5e\u79bb\u5a5a\u7684\u7406\u7531\u3002\u201c\u6d89\u53bf\u4eba\u90dd\u4f69\u5170\u4e0e\u674e\u6885\u6eaa\u4e8e<span lang=\"EN-US\">1936<\/span>\u5e74\u5728\u7236\u6bcd\u5305\u529e\u4e0b\u7ed3\u5a5a\uff0c\u53cc\u65b9\u611f\u60c5\u4e0d\u597d\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\">1938<\/span>\u5e74\u6297\u6218\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u674e\u6885\u6eaa\u8d74\u9655\u4e0a\u6297\u5927\uff0c\u4ee5\u540e\u97f3\u8baf\u6e10\u65e0\uff0c\u90dd\u4f69\u5170\u591a\u6b21\u5199\u4fe1\u7ed9\u674e\u6885\u6eaa\uff0c\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u56de\u4fe1\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\">1942<\/span>\u5e74<span lang=\"EN-US\">6<\/span>\u6708\uff0c\u90dd\u4f69\u5170\u5411\u653f\u5e9c\u63d0\u51fa\u79bb\u5a5a\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u591a\u6b21\u529d\u89e3\u5e76\u5411\u592a\u884c\u519b\u533a\u53bb\u4fe1\u5f81\u6c42\u674e\u6885\u6eaa\u610f\u89c1\uff0c\u4f46\u6ca1\u6709\u56de\u97f3\u3002\u540e\u6765\u4ece\u674e\u6885\u6eaa\u8868\u5144\u51af\u9752\u7530\u7684\u4fe1\u4e2d\u5f97\u77e5\uff0c\u674e\u6885\u6eaa\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u5f53\u5730\u548c\u522b\u4eba\u7ed3\u5a5a\u3002\u653f\u5e9c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u674e\u6885\u6eaa\u5df2\u72af\u91cd\u5a5a\u7f6a\uff0c\u540c\u610f\u90dd\u4f69\u5170\u7684\u79bb\u5a5a\u8bf7\u6c42\u201d\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\">(96)1948<\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u5317\u5cb3\u533a\u4e94\u4e13\u7f72\u5987\u8054\u4f1a\u751a\u81f3\u63d0\u51fa\uff1a\u201c\u519b\u5c5e\u79bb\u5a5a\u95ee\u9898\u5e94\u6539\u4e3a\u518d\u7b49\u4e00\u5e74\u540e\u518d\u51c6\u79bb\u5a5a\uff0c\u5168\u56fd\u7684\u9769\u547d\u518d\u6709\u4e00\u5e74\u5de6\u53f3\u5373\u53ef\u80dc\u5229\uff0c\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e0e\u73b0\u5728\u6218\u4e89\u73af\u5883\u4ea4\u901a\u4e0d\u4fbf\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u4fe1\u4ef6\u4e0d\u80fd\u7545\u901a\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u7167\u987e\u519b\u4eba\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u5de9\u56fa\u90e8\u961f\u8d77\u89c1\uff0c\u5e94\u518d\u7b49\u4e00\u5e74\u5de6\u53f3\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u519b\u4eba\u4ecd\u65e0\u97f3\u8baf\uff0c\u518d\u51c6\u519b\u5c5e\u79bb\u5a5a\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u519b\u5c5e\u5fc5\u987b\u52a0\u5f3a\u6559\u80b2\u4e0e\u7167\u987e\u3002\u201d<span lang=\"EN-US\">(97)<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u5404\u5730\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9000\u4f0d\u519b\u4eba\u7684\u6743\u76ca\u4e5f\u5341\u5206\u5173\u6ce8\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u4e0d\u51c6\u8bb8\u5973\u6027\u4e0e\u8363\u519b\u79bb\u5a5a\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\">(98)<\/span>\u5982\u592a\u884c\u4e00\u533a\u5e84\u4e0a\u8363\u9000\u519b\u4eba\u53f2\u767d\u4ead<span lang=\"EN-US\">1946<\/span>\u5e74\u7ed3\u5a5a\u540e\uff0c\u7ecf\u5e38\u6253\u9a82\u59bb\u5b50\uff0c\u5176\u59bb\u5b50\u6570\u6b21\u8bf7\u6c42\u79bb\u5a5a\uff0c\u4f46\u653f\u5e9c\u603b\u4ee5\u53f2\u767d\u4ead\u662f\u8363\u9000\u519b\u4eba\u5a36\u59bb\u4e0d\u6613\u4e3a\u7531\u529d\u8bf4\u5176\u56de\u5fc3\u8f6c\u610f\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\">(99)<\/span>\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u201c\u8fd8\u6709\u8363\u519b\u56de\u5bb6\u540e\u786c\u8981\u5df2\u53e6\u5ac1\u4eba\u7684\u8001\u5a46\u56de\u6765\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u5973\u65b9\u613f\u610f\u4e0e\u5426\uff0c\u800c\u5e72\u90e8\u5f80\u5f80\u7ed9\u8363\u519b\u6491\u8170\u201d\u3002<span 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