{"id":46620,"date":"2025-05-13T06:51:03","date_gmt":"2025-05-12T22:51:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/?p=46620"},"modified":"2025-05-13T06:51:17","modified_gmt":"2025-05-12T22:51:17","slug":"%e9%87%8d%e8%bf%94-1979-%e4%bc%8a%e6%9c%97%e9%9d%a9%e5%91%bd%e7%8e%b0%e5%9c%ba%ef%bc%9a%e8%bf%99%e4%b8%8d%e6%98%af%e4%b8%80%e5%9c%ba%e4%bc%8a%e6%96%af%e5%85%b0%e9%9d%a9%e5%91%bd","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/?p=46620","title":{"rendered":"\u91cd\u8fd4 1979 \u4f0a\u6717\u9769\u547d\u73b0\u573a: \u8fd9\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u573a\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u9769\u547d"},"content":{"rendered":"<div>\u6765\u6e90: CUP\u00a0 \u00a0\u4f5c\u8005: Brain Liu<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div class=\"item-lead\">1982 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1950 \u5e74\u4ee3\u8d77\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u53ca\u7ecf\u6d4e\u65b9\u9762\u652f\u63f4\u571f\u8033\u5176\u548c\u4f0a\u6717\uff0c\u4ee5\u6362\u53d6\u4ed6\u4eec\u7559\u5728\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u9635\u8425\uff0c\u4e24\u56fd\u90fd\u5148\u540e\u5efa\u7acb\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u4f46\u4f0a\u6717\u6c11\u4e3b\u5374\u56e0\u62b5\u89e6\u897f\u65b9\u5229\u76ca\u800c\u89e6\u7901\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u66fe\u7ecf\u5728\u6cd5\u56fd\u548c\u745e\u58eb\u7559\u5b66\u3001\u62e5\u6709\u6cd5\u5f8b\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u7684\u6469\u8428\u53f0(Mohammad Mosaddegh)\uff0c\u6bd5\u751f\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u541b\u4e3b\u7acb\u5baa\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u5e74\u5c4a\u4e03\u65ec\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u4f0a\u6717\u653f\u575b\u5fb7\u9ad8\u671b\u91cd\uff0c\u5176\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u9635\u7ebf(National Front)\u4ee5\u81ea\u7531\u6d3e\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u4e3a\u4e3b\u4f53\uff0c\u662f\u4f0a\u6717\u6700\u5927\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u515a\u3002\u4f46\u6469\u8428\u53f0\u5728 1951 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Pahlavi)\u5728\u653f\u53d8\u540e\u91cd\u638c\u653f\u6743\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u7f8e\u56fd\u652f\u6301\u5927\u4e3e\u6269\u5145\u519b\u5907\uff0c\u73b0\u4eca\u4f0a\u6717\u6240\u638c\u63e1\u7684\u6838\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u5f53\u5e74\u7f8e\u56fd\u6240\u8f93\u51fa;\u6076\u540d\u662d\u5f70\u7684\u4f0a\u6717\u79d8\u5bc6\u8b66\u5bdf\u7ec4\u7ec7 SAVAK\uff0c\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e2d\u60c5\u5c40\u534f\u52a9\u4e0b\u5efa\u7acb\uff0c\u591a\u5e74\u6765\u8840\u8165\u9547\u538b\u5f02\u89c1\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u7279\u52a1\u4eba\u6570\u6700\u9ad8\u5cf0\u8d85\u8fc7 60\uff0c000 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src=\"https:\/\/img0.baidu.com\/it\/u=389044528,1074123085&amp;fm=253&amp;fmt=auto?w=841&amp;h=800\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u65f6\u81f3 1977 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Sanjabi)\u4e3a\u9996\u91cd\u6574\u65d7\u9f13\uff0c\u4ed6\u575a\u6301\u6469\u8428\u53f0\u8def\u7ebf\uff0c\u5927\u80c6\u4e0a\u4e66\u6c99\u738b\u8981\u6c42\u6062\u590d 1906 \u5e74\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u5baa\u653f\u3002\u66fe\u7ecf\u96b6\u5c5e\u6c11\u65cf\u9635\u7ebf\u7684\u5df4\u624e\u7518(Mehdi Bazargan)\u9886\u5bfc\u4f0a\u6717\u81ea\u7531\u8fd0\u52a8(Freedom Movement)\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u53d7\u4e2d\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u3001\u5546\u4eba\u4e0e\u5e95\u5c42\u516c\u52a1\u5458\u62e5\u6234\uff0c\u5176\u5206\u652f\u4ea6\u6d3b\u8dc3\u4e8e\u7f8e\u56fd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5df4\u624e\u7518\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u8654\u8bda\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u5f92\uff0c\u66fe\u7ecf\u7559\u5b66\u6cd5\u56fd\uff0c\u4e3a\u5fb7\u9ed1\u5170\u5927\u5b66\u5de5\u7a0b\u5b66\u7cfb\u6559\u6388\u3002\u6709\u522b\u4e8e\u53cd\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4f0a\u6717\u7684\u843d\u540e\uff0c\u95ee\u9898\u4e0d\u5728\u4e8e\u897f\u65b9\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u4e8e\u4f0a\u6717\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u4e13\u5236\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0e\u65e0\u77e5\u3002\u4ed6\u4e3b\u5f20\u4f0a\u6717\u4e0d\u7528\u653e\u5f03\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\uff0c\u4ecd\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fc8\u5411\u4e16\u4fd7\u5316\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u5236\u3001\u62e5\u62b1\u79d1\u5b66\u7406\u6027\uff0c\u4ed6\u7279\u522b\u5f3a\u8c03\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u5de5\u7a0b\u5b66\u8d44\u5386\uff0c\u4ee5\u8bc1\u660e\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u4e0e\u79d1\u5b66\u7406\u6027\u5e76\u4e0d\u62b5\u89e6;\u4ea6\u591a\u6b21\u547c\u5401\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u58eb\u8981\u591a\u5173\u5fc3\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4ee5\u9632\u5835\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u4ed6\u66fe\u7ecf\u4ee5\u51e0\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\uff0c\u627c\u8981\u6982\u62ec\u81ea\u5df1\u653f\u6cbb\u4e3b\u5f20\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u3001\u4f0a\u6717\u4eba\u3001\u5baa\u6cd5\u7684\u8ffd\u968f\u8005\u3001\u800c\u4e14\u662f\u6469\u8428\u53f0\u515a\u4eba(Mosaddegites)\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5728\u5927\u5b66\u751f\u548c\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u5708\u5185\uff0c\u516c\u8ba4\u6700\u5177\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u5fc5\u5b9a\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u5bb6\u6c99\u91cc\u4e9a\u63d0(Ali Shari?ati)\u3002\u6c99\u91cc\u4e9a\u63d0\u5728\u5df4\u9ece\u7d22\u90a6\u5927\u5b66\u53d6\u5f97\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u535a\u58eb\uff0c\u6df1\u53d7\u5b58\u5728\u4e3b\u4e49\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u6c99\u7279(Jean-Paul Sartre)\u53ca\u540e\u6b96\u6c11\u7406\u8bba\u5bb6\u6cd5\u519c(Frantz Fanon)\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u66fe\u7ecf\u53c2\u4e0e\u963f\u5c14\u53ca\u5229\u4e9a\u89e3\u653e\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002\u4ed6\u5728 1965 \u5e74\u8fd4\u56de\u4f0a\u6717\u4efb\u6559\uff0c\u5176\u8bfe\u5802\u603b\u662f\u5ea7\u65e0\u865a\u5e2d\uff0c\u6f14\u8bb2\u88ab\u7b14\u5f55\u7ed3\u96c6\u6210\u4e66\u3002\u4ed6\u628a\u4f0a\u6717\u4eba\u4fe1\u5949\u7684\u4ec0\u53f6\u6d3e\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\uff0c\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u4e00\u5957\u89e3\u653e\u53d7\u538b\u8feb\u8005\u548c\u575a\u5b88\u793e\u4f1a\u516c\u4e49\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\uff0c\u89c6 680 \u5e74\u53cd\u6297\u66b4\u653f\u800c\u6b89\u96be\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u4f4d\u4f0a\u739b\u76ee\u4faf\u8d5b\u56e0(Imam Hussein)\u4e3a\u6977\u6a21\uff0c\u5927\u8086\u97ad\u631e\u5f53\u65f6\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u58eb\u4fdd\u5b88\u3001\u8ff7\u4fe1\u548c\u62e5\u62a4\u541b\u4e3b\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u8fdd\u80cc\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u4ec0\u53f6\u6d3e\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6c99\u91cc\u4e9a\u63d0\u663e\u7136\u4e0d\u662f\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u7406\u8bba\u5c1d\u8bd5\u53d1\u6398\u4ec0\u53f6\u6d3e\u5728\u4e16\u4fd7\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u9769\u547d\u6f5c\u80fd\uff0c\u6210\u5c31\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u5de6\u7ffc\u5174\u8d77\uff0c\u53ef\u582a\u4e0e\u62c9\u4e01\u7f8e\u6d32\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u63d0\u5021\u7684\u89e3\u653e\u795e\u5b66(Liberation theology)\u7c7b\u6bd4\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6fc0\u8fdb\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u56fa\u7136\u662f\u653f\u6743\u773c\u4e2d\u9489\uff0c\u6c99\u91cc\u4e9a\u63d0\u66fe\u56e0\u6b64\u4e27\u5931\u6559\u5e2d\u53ca\u8eab\u9677\u56f9\u5704\uff0c1977 \u5e74\u6d41\u4ea1\u82f1\u56fd\u540e\u540c\u5e74\u8eab\u4ea1\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u7406\u8bba\u900f\u8fc7\u5f55\u97f3\u5e26\u53ca\u4e66\u7c4d\u975e\u6cd5\u4f20\u64ad\uff0c\u5728\u9769\u547d\u671f\u95f4\u5927\u91cf\u520a\u5370\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u753b\u50cf\u4ea6\u7ecf\u5e38\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u793a\u5a01\u7fa4\u4f17\u4e4b\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9664\u6b64\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u4f0a\u6717\u8fd8\u6709\u6570\u4e2a\u5949\u884c\u82cf\u8054\u6216\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4eba\u6c11\u515a(Tudeh Party)\u662f\u5386\u53f2\u60a0\u4e45\u7684\u4f0a\u6717\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\uff0c\u4f0a\u6717\u4eba\u6c11\u5723\u6218\u8005\u7ec4\u7ec7(Mojahedin-e Khalq)\u548c\u4f0a\u6717\u4eba\u6c11\u6562\u6b7b\u6e38\u51fb\u961f\u7ec4\u7ec7(Fadaiyan-e Khalq)\u90fd\u662f\u9769\u547d\u6b66\u88c5\u3002\u867d\u7136\u6301\u7eed\u53d7\u519b\u65b9\u9547\u538b\uff0c\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u6210\u6c14\u5019\uff0c\u4ea6\u53d7\u5176\u4ed6\u53cd\u5bf9\u6d3e\u6392\u65a5\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u8f83\u5c11\u7eb8\u4e0a\u8c08\u5175\u7684\u4e66\u751f\u6c14\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u53d7\u90e8\u5206\u6fc0\u8fdb\u5927\u5b66\u751f\u9752\u7750\uff0c\u5176\u6e38\u51fb\u7ecf\u9a8c\u53ca\u6b66\u88c5\u66f4\u5728\u5173\u952e\u65f6\u523b\u625e\u536b\u4e86\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u963b\u6b62\u6c99\u738b\u519b\u961f\u53cd\u6251\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4f46\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u6e29\u548c\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u6d3e\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u6fc0\u8fdb\u7684\u5de6\u7ffc\u6b66\u88c5\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f1a\u9010\u4e00\u5728\u9769\u547d\u4e2d\u727a\u7272\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u53ea\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eba\u4f5c\u5ac1\u8863\u88f3\u2026\u2026<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6fc0\u8fdb\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u795e\u6743\u653f\u6cbb<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1977 \u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u53cd\u653f\u5e9c\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f20\u7edf\u81ea\u7531\u6d3e\u653f\u6cbb\u9886\u8896\u3001\u5927\u5b66\u751f\u548c\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u4e3b\u5bfc\uff0c\u5c40\u9650\u5728\u9996\u90fd\u5fb7\u9ed1\u5170\u3002\u4f46\u6c99\u738b\u5df4\u5217\u7ef4(Mohammad Reza Pahlavi)\u5728 1978 \u5e74 1 \u6708\u4f5c\u51fa\u6068\u9519\u96be\u8fd4\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u4f7f\u60c5\u52bf\u6025\u8f6c\u76f4\u4e0b \u2014\u2014 \u4ed6\u9ed8\u8bb8\u534a\u5b98\u65b9\u62a5\u7ae0\u520a\u767b\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u62b9\u9ed1\u6d41\u4ea1\u56fd\u5916\u7684\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u58eb\u970d\u6885\u5c3c\uff0c\u6307\u63a7\u4ed6\u662f\u524d\u82f1\u56fd\u95f4\u8c0d\u3001\u6ca1\u6709\u4f0a\u6717\u8840\u7edf\u3001\u949f\u60c5\u8461\u8404\u7f8e\u9152\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/img2.baidu.com\/it\/u=3506205784,2307492842&amp;fm=253&amp;fmt=auto?w=1278&amp;h=800\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u6b64\u4e3e\u65e0\u7aef\u89e6\u6012\u6210\u5343\u4e0a\u4e07\u7684\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u5f92\u53ca\u5b97\u6559\u9886\u8896\uff0c\u5728\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u795e\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u91cd\u9547\u5e93\u59c6(Qom)\uff0c\u5927\u6279\u5b97\u6559\u5b66\u751f\u5fff\u7136\u51b2\u4e0a\u8857\u5934\uff0c\u906d\u9047\u8b66\u65b9\u5f00\u67aa\u9547\u538b\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4 70 \u591a\u4eba\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3002\u968f\u4e4b\u4e3e\u884c\u7684\u60bc\u5ff5\u4eea\u5f0f\u518d\u6709\u727a\u7272\uff0c\u4e0d\u65ad\u6709\u6559\u5f92\u6b89\u96be\uff0c\u4f7f\u9a9a\u4e71\u5e2d\u5377\u5927\u5c0f\u57ce\u9547\uff0c\u5168\u56fd\u7f62\u5de5\u7f62\u5e02\u3002<strong>\u5df4\u5217\u7ef4\u7684\u8fde\u4e32\u5931\u8bef\uff0c\u4e3a\u6297\u4e89\u6ce8\u5165\u72c2\u70ed\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u60c5\u7eea\uff0c\u4ee4\u9694\u5cb8\u89c2\u706b\u7684\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u58eb\u52a0\u5165\u53cd\u653f\u5e9c\u6d6a\u6f6e\uff0c\u95f4\u63a5\u628a\u970d\u6885\u5c3c\u6367\u4e0a\u9053\u5fb7\u9ad8\u5730\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u53cd\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u9886\u8896\u3002<\/strong>\u4f46\u8bcb\u6bc1\u970d\u6885\u5c3c\u4f55\u4ee5\u5f15\u53d1\u4f17\u6012?\u970d\u6885\u5c3c\u53c8\u662f\u4f55\u8bb8\u4eba?<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5728\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u4ec0\u53f6\u6d3e\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u6653\u795e\u5b66\u4e0e\u5f8b\u6cd5\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u5b66\u8005\u901a\u79f0\u4e3a\u4e4c\u91cc\u739b(Ulama)\uff0c\u518d\u6309\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u9020\u8be3\u548c\u9053\u5fb7\u54c1\u683c\u5206\u6210\u7b49\u7ea7\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5730\u4f4d\u6700\u5d07\u9ad8\u7684\u7edd\u5c11\u6570\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u5927\u963f\u4e9a\u56fe\u62c9(Grand Ayatollah)\u201d\uff0c\u970d\u6885\u5c3c\u6b63\u662f\u62e5\u6709\u201c\u5927\u963f\u4e9a\u56fe\u62c9\u201d\u540d\u8854\u7684\u4ec0\u53f6\u6d3e\u6559\u58eb\u3002<\/strong>\u5728\u6d41\u4ea1\u6d77\u5916\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u970d\u6885\u5c3c\u5728\u5e93\u59c6\u5df2\u7ecf\u662f\u5e7f\u53d7\u656c\u91cd\u7684\u8001\u5e08\u3002\u4ed6\u5728 1963 \u5e74\u6297\u8bae\u6c99\u738b\u8150\u8d25\u548c\u5ffd\u89c6\u8d2b\u82e6\u5927\u4f17\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u88ab\u653f\u5e9c\u902e\u6355\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u8eab\u4efd\u5730\u4f4d\u5d07\u9ad8\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u60df\u6709\u628a\u4ed6\u6d41\u653e\u5230\u4f0a\u62c9\u514b\uff0c\u5b97\u6559\u5b66\u751f\u4ea6\u56e0\u6b64\u5bf9\u653f\u6743\u62b9\u9ed1\u970d\u6885\u5c3c\u975e\u5e38\u654f\u611f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u6d41\u4ea1\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u970d\u6885\u5c3c\u7ee7\u7eed\u5927\u8086\u62a8\u51fb\u5df4\u5217\u7ef4\u653f\u6743\uff0c\u6f14\u8bb2\u5f55\u97f3\u5e26\u4ee5\u8d70\u79c1\u5f62\u5f0f\u5728\u4f0a\u6717\u4f20\u64ad\uff0c\u5176\u6fc0\u8fdb\u795e\u6743\u653f\u6cbb\u601d\u60f3\u66f4\u5728\u6b64\u65f6\u6210\u5f62\uff0c\u7ed3\u96c6\u6210\u4e66\u201c\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u653f\u5e9c\uff1a\u6cd5\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u6444\u653f(Islamic Government\uff1a Governance of the Jurist)\u201d\u3002\u4f20\u7edf\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e4c\u91cc\u739b\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u5b97\u6559\u5b66\u8005\uff0c\u53ea\u4f1a\u5145\u5f53\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u5bfc\u5e08\uff0c\u4e0d\u51c6\u6267\u653f\u3002<strong>\u4f46\u970d\u6885\u5c3c\u63d0\u51fa\u6fc0\u8fdb\u795e\u5b66\u4e3b\u5f20\uff0c\u5ba3\u79f0\u4e4c\u91cc\u739b\u65e2\u7136\u7406\u89e3\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u6cd5\uff0c\u4fbf\u6709\u8d23\u4efb\u5728\u672b\u65e5\u5ba1\u5224\u6765\u4e34\u524d\u6267\u6cd5\uff0c\u62c5\u5f53\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u7684\u6700\u7ec8\u6743\u5a01\uff0c\u6b64\u7406\u8bba\u4e3a\u4eca\u65e5\u4f0a\u6717\u7684\u201c\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u653f\u6743\u201d\u5960\u4e0b\u6839\u57fa\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5f53\u9769\u547d\u65f6\u523b\u6765\u4e34\uff0c\u6df1\u8c0b\u8fdc\u8651\u7684\u970d\u6885\u5c3c\u518d\u672a\u6709\u8868\u660e\u5fc3\u8ff9\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u5bf9\u672a\u6765\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u5f00\u653e\u6001\u5ea6;\u53e6\u4e00\u8fb9\u53a2\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e2d\u4ea7\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u6d3e\u660e\u767d\u5230\uff0c\u970d\u6885\u5c3c\u5177\u6709\u96be\u4ee5\u4f01\u53ca\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u52a8\u5458\u529b\uff0c\u671f\u671b\u53cc\u65b9\u5408\u4f5c\u63a8\u7ffb\u6c99\u738b\u30021978 \u5e74 11 \u6708\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u6d3e\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u9635\u7ebf\u9886\u8896\u6851\u5bb6\u6bd4(Karim Sanjabi)\u4eb2\u8d74\u5df4\u9ece\u4e0e\u970d\u6885\u5c3c\u4f1a\u9762\uff0c\u4e8c\u4eba\u7b7e\u7f72\u7b80\u77ed\u58f0\u660e\uff0c\u5ba3\u5e03\u73b0\u5b58\u541b\u4e3b\u5236\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u5baa\u6cd5\u53ca\u5b97\u6559\u4e0a\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u9769\u547d\u540e\u7b79\u7ec4\u7684\u65b0\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u5c06\u540c\u65f6\u9075\u5b88\u6c11\u4e3b\u539f\u5219\u53ca\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6212\u5f8b\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u653f\u6cbb\u5236\u5ea6\u4ee5\u6c11\u4e3b\u516c\u6295\u65b9\u5f0f\u8868\u51b3\u3002\u867d\u7136\u4e0d\u5c11\u81ea\u7531\u6d3e\u4e0d\u4fe1\u4efb\u970d\u6885\u5c3c\uff0c\u58f0\u8a00\u201c\u6851\u5bb6\u6bd4\u4e0d\u4ee3\u8868\u6211\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u4e16\u4fd7\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u4e0e\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u58eb\u7684\u8054\u76df\u4e8e\u7109\u800c\u751f\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/q4.itc.cn\/q_70\/images01\/20241220\/c4301838bf9f44de8e5cf4e4fbd9b39c.png\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5f53\u65f6\u81ea\u7531\u6d3e\u548c\u6fc0\u8fdb\u5de6\u7ffc\u90fd\u4ee5\u4e3a\uff0c\u9769\u547d\u540e\u970d\u6885\u5c3c\u4f1a\u9000\u5c45\u5e55\u540e\uff0c\u6309\u4f20\u7edf\u7ee7\u7eed\u62c5\u5f53\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u9886\u8896\uff0c\u4f0a\u6717\u4f1a\u8fc8\u5411\u4e16\u4fd7\u5316\u6c11\u4e3b\u3002\u5c31\u8fde\u7f8e\u56fd\u5361\u7279\u653f\u5e9c\u90fd\u4ee5\u4e3a\uff0c\u970d\u6885\u5c3c\u6b20\u7f3a\u653f\u6cbb\u7ecf\u9a8c\u96be\u6210\u6c14\u5019\uff0c\u65b0\u653f\u5e9c\u662f\u53ef\u5408\u4f5c\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8bef\u5224\u4ed8\u51fa\u6c89\u91cd\u4ee3\u4ef7\u3002<\/strong>\u5728\u9547\u538b\u548c\u8ba9\u6b65\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fdb\u9000\u5931\u636e\u7684\u6c99\u738b\u5df4\u5217\u7ef4\uff0c\u4e8e 1979 \u5e74 1 \u6708 16 \u65e5\u5e26\u540c\u738b\u5ba4\u6210\u5458\u6d41\u4ea1\u56fd\u5916\uff0c\u4e0a\u767e\u4e07\u4eba\u6d8c\u4e0a\u8857\u5934\u5e86\u795d\u6c99\u738b\u5012\u53f0\u3002\u540c\u5e74 2 \u6708 1 \u65e5\uff0c\u970d\u6885\u5c3c\u4e58\u5750\u98de\u673a\u4ee5\u6551\u4e16\u4e3b\u59ff\u6001\u8fd4\u56fd\uff0c\u88ab\u75af\u72c2\u7684\u6c11\u4f17\u7c07\u62e5\u7740\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4f0a\u6717\u5f0f\u96c5\u5404\u5bbe\u4e13\u653f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u636e\u540e\u6765\u7684\u5f15\u8ff0\uff0c\u970d\u6885\u5c3c\u752b\u62b5\u8fbe\u4f0a\u6717\u5df2\u7ecf\u5ba3\u793a\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u4efb\u547d\u653f\u5e9c\u3002\u201d\u4ed6\u5c5e\u610f\u81ea\u7531\u6d3e\u9886\u8896\u5df4\u624e\u7518(Mehdi Bazargan)\u4e3a\u4e34\u65f6\u603b\u7406\uff0c\u5df4\u624e\u7518\u6b23\u7136\u63a5\u53d7\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u7b79\u7ec4\u4ee5\u81ea\u7531\u6d3e\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7684\u5185\u9601\uff0c\u6851\u5bb6\u6bd4\u6210\u4e3a\u9601\u5458\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5df4\u624e\u7518\u6df1\u4fe1\uff0c\u6574\u6574\u4e00\u4ee3\u4eba\u8ffd\u6c42\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u60f3\u7ec8\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u662f\u65f6\u5019\u91cd\u5efa\u56fd\u5bb6\u79e9\u5e8f\u3002\u53ef\u60dc\u4ed6\u9519\u4e86\uff0c\u9769\u547d\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed3\u675f\u3002\u9769\u547d\u624d\u521a\u521a\u5f00\u59cb\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f53\u65f6\u970d\u6885\u5c3c\u5df2\u5e74\u5c4a 76 \u5c81\uff0c\u81ea\u77e5\u5e74\u4e8b\u5df2\u9ad8\uff0c\u51b3\u4e0d\u8ba9\u81ea\u5df1\u518d\u6b21\u4e22\u5931\u673a\u4f1a\u3002\u4ed6\u672a\u6709\u5229\u7528\u6743\u5a01\u7a33\u5b9a\u5c40\u52bf\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u6210\u7acb\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u9769\u547d\u536b\u961f(Sepah-e Pasdaran)\u5bf9\u4ed8\u6c99\u738b\u519b\u961f\u548c\u653f\u654c\uff0c\u884c\u4e8b\u96f7\u5389\u98ce\u884c\uff0c\u4e0e\u72b9\u8c6b\u4e0d\u51b3\u7684\u6c99\u738b\u622a\u7136\u76f8\u53cd\u3002\u6291\u538b\u5df2\u4e45\u7684\u9769\u547d\u7fa4\u4f17\u5219\u6210\u7acb\u201c\u9769\u547d\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a(Komiteh)\u201d\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u6cd5\u56fd\u5927\u9769\u547d\u96c5\u5404\u5bbe\u4e13\u653f\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u516c\u5171\u5b89\u5168\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a(Comit\u00e9 de salut public)\u3002\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6210\u7acb\u4e4b\u521d\u4fbf\u593a\u53d6\u519b\u961f\u7684\u519b\u706b\u5e93\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u6ee5\u7528\u79c1\u5211\u7684\u6b66\u88c5\u96c6\u56e2\uff0c\u4e0e\u4e4c\u91cc\u739b\u4e3b\u6301\u7684\u201c\u9769\u547d\u6cd5\u5ead\u201d\u8054\u624b\u6e05\u7b97\u524d\u671d\u5b98\u5458\u4e0e\u201c\u53cd\u9769\u547d\u5206\u5b50\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u540c\u5e74\u590f\u5929\uff0c\u5df4\u624e\u7518\u4f9d\u636e 1906 \u5e74\u5baa\u6cd5\u4e3a\u84dd\u672c\u8d77\u8349\u6c11\u4e3b\u5baa\u6cd5\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u906d\u5230\u4e4c\u91cc\u739b\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u4e13\u5bb6\u8bae\u4f1a\u5f7b\u5e95\u6539\u5199\uff0c\u81f3\u6b64\u5176\u6587\u4eba\u653f\u5e9c\u6743\u529b\u5df2\u5f7b\u5e95\u88ab\u67b6\u7a7a<strong>\u3002\u65b0\u5baa\u6cd5\u4f53\u73b0\u970d\u6885\u5c3c\u7684\u201c\u6cd5\u5b66\u5bb6\u6444\u653f\u201d\u7406\u5ff5\uff0c\u65e5\u5e38\u4e8b\u52a1\u4ea4\u7531\u4e16\u4fd7\u653f\u5e9c\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u4f46\u80cc\u540e\u6743\u529b\u5374\u638c\u63e1\u5728\u5b97\u6559\u9886\u8896\u624b\u4e2d\u3002\u5baa\u6cd5\u4e2d\u521b\u8bbe\u201c\u6700\u9ad8\u9886\u8896(Supreme Leader)\u201d\u4e4b\u4f4d\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6700\u7ec8\u5b97\u6559\u53ca\u653f\u6cbb\u6743\u5a01\uff0c\u7531\u970d\u6885\u5c3c\u81ea\u884c\u62c5\u4efb\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u970d\u6885\u5c3c\u4ee5\u5baa\u6cd5\u5de9\u56fa\u81ea\u8eab\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u4f46\u884c\u4e8b\u7edd\u4e0d\u53d7\u5baa\u6cd5\u63a3\u8098\u3002<\/strong>\u4ed6\u5de7\u5999\u9a7e\u9a6d\u7fa4\u60c5\u4e3a\u5df1\u6240\u7528\uff0c\u53f7\u53ec\u6c11\u4f17\u626b\u8361\u897f\u65b9\u53ca\u975e\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u6587\u5316\u4e8b\u7269\uff0c\u5f3a\u5236\u5973\u6027\u6234\u5934\u5dfe\u3002\u540c\u5e74 11 \u6708\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u6279\u51c6\u6c99\u738b\u8d74\u7f8e\u6cbb\u764c\uff0c\u6124\u6012\u7684\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u5b66\u751f\u95fb\u8baf\u540e\u653b\u5360\u7f8e\u56fd\u5927\u4f7f\u9986\uff0c\u7206\u53d1\u9707\u60ca\u56fd\u9645\u7684\u80c1\u6301\u5916\u4ea4\u4eba\u5458\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u5df4\u624e\u7518\u65a1\u65cb\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u5fff\u7136\u5ba3\u5e03\u5185\u9601\u603b\u8f9e\u3002\u970d\u6885\u5c3c\u5219\u5229\u7528\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u7fa4\u4f17\u7684\u9769\u547d\u70ed\u60c5\u3002\u4f46\u4f0a\u6717\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u5f62\u8c61\u81ea\u6b64\u4e00\u843d\u5343\u4e08\uff0c\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u4ea4\u6076\u81f3\u4eca\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6c99\u738b\u4e0b\u53f0\u624d\u4e0d\u8db3 1 \u5e74\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u6d3e\u5df2\u4e0d\u6210\u6c14\u5019\uff0c\u53ea\u6015\u88ab\u9769\u547d\u66b4\u529b\u53cd\u566c\u800c\u6b65\u6b65\u4e3a\u8425\uff0c\u591a\u540d\u9886\u8896\u9646\u7eed\u6d41\u4ea1\u3002\u6851\u5bb6\u6bd4 3 \u5e74\u540e\u6d41\u4ea1\u5df4\u9ece\uff0c\u81f3\u6b64\u81ea\u7531\u6d3e\u5df2\u662f\u5f3a\u5f29\u4e4b\u672b\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u970d\u6885\u5c3c\u9762\u5bf9\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u5a01\u80c1\uff0c\u662f\u6765\u81ea\u81ea\u7531\u6d3e\u6240\u6392\u6324\u7684\u5de6\u7ffc\u9769\u547d\u6b66\u88c5\u201c\u4f0a\u6717\u4eba\u6c11\u5723\u6218\u7ec4\u7ec7(Mojahedin-e Khalq)\u201d\u3002\u4f46\u970d\u6885\u5c3c\u5148\u53d1\u5236\u4eba\uff0c\u53cc\u65b9\u7206\u53d1\u8840\u8165\u51b2\u7a81\u540e\uff0c\u4eba\u6c11\u5723\u6218\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e0a\u5343\u4eba\u88ab\u5904\u51b3\u53ca\u76d1\u7981\uff0c\u65e0\u529b\u56de\u5929\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u5de6\u7ffc\u65e0\u4e00\u5e78\u514d\uff0c\u5949\u884c\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u6559\u6761\u7684\u4eba\u6c11\u515a(Tudeh Party)\u6627\u4e8e\u5f62\u52bf\uff0c\u8d77\u521d\u8fd8\u4ee5\u4e3a\u8fd9\u662f\u201c\u5c0f\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u9769\u547d\u201d\uff0c\u9886\u5bfc\u5c42\u6700\u7ec8\u5168\u906d\u6e05\u7b97\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u518d\u6ca1\u6709\u4e16\u4fd7\u5316\u9769\u547d\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u8db3\u4ee5\u52a8\u6447\u970d\u6885\u5c3c\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/q7.itc.cn\/q_70\/images01\/20241220\/5d8b107e4bdc4612ad4c349124aadada.png\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u9769\u547d\u66b4\u529b\u6301\u7eed\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a 4 \u5e74\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u624d\u9010\u6b65\u6062\u590d\u79e9\u5e8f\uff0c\u4f46\u4f0a\u62c9\u514b\u8428\u8fbe\u59c6(Saddam Hussein)\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u652f\u6301\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e8e 1980 \u5e74\u8fdb\u72af\u4f0a\u6717\uff0c\u5f15\u53d1\u957f\u8fbe 8 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