{"id":46739,"date":"2025-01-18T16:00:18","date_gmt":"2025-01-18T08:00:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/?p=46739"},"modified":"2025-01-18T17:18:41","modified_gmt":"2025-01-18T09:18:41","slug":"%e7%88%b6%e4%ba%b2%e5%9b%bd%ef%bc%9a%e6%96%af%e5%a4%a7%e6%9e%97%e6%97%b6%e4%bb%a3%e7%9a%84%e4%ba%ba%e6%b0%91%e6%84%9f%e6%81%a9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/?p=46739","title":{"rendered":"\u201c\u7236\u4eb2\u56fd\u201d\uff1a\u65af\u5927\u6797\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u201c\u4eba\u6c11\u611f\u6069\u201d"},"content":{"rendered":"<section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section>\u64b0\u6587: \u5f90\u8d32\u00a0 \u00a0\u6765\u6e90: \u4e1c\u65b9\u5386\u53f2\u8bc4\u8bba<\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section>\u201c\u611f\u8c22\u4f60\uff0c\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u65af\u5927\u6797\uff0c\u628a\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u9ed1\u6697\u7684\u6df1\u6e0a\u5e26\u8fdb\u6765\u5149\u660e\u548c\u5e78\u798f\u201d<\/section>\n<section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section>\u2014\u2014\u82cf\u8054\u8bd7\u4eba\u4e9a\u5386\u5c71\u5927\u00b7\u7279\u91cc\u798f\u8bfa\u7ef4\u5947<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section>1<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section>\u5728\u82cf\u8054\uff0c\u201c\u4eba\u6c11\u5fc5\u987b\u611f\u6069\u201d\u57281932\u5e74\u4e4b\u540e\u6210\u4e3a\u5b98\u5a92\u5ba3\u4f20\u7684\u4e3b\u8c03\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u5927\u4f17\u6587\u5316\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u532e\u4e4f\uff0c\u82cf\u8054\u653f\u6743\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u662f\u201c\u81ea\u6211\u727a\u7272\u201d\uff0c\u8fd8\u4fdd\u7559\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u82cf\u8054\u4eba\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e3b\u89c2\u52a8\u56e0\uff1b1932\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u201c\u81ea\u6211\u727a\u7272\u201d\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u201c\u5fc5\u987b\u611f\u6069\u201d\uff0c\u82cf\u8054\u4eba\u843d\u5165\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u5916\u52a0\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u5f3a\u5236\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e3b\u89c2\u52a8\u56e0\u4fbf\u4e5f\u968f\u4e4b\u6d88\u5931\u3002\u5e03\u9c81\u514b\u65af\u79f0\u8fd9\u79cd\u7cbe\u795e\u5f3a\u5236\u4e3a\u201c\u793c\u7269\u9053\u5fb7\u7ecf\u6d4e\u201d\uff08moral economy of gift\uff09\uff0c\u201c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u201d\u6307\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4ea4\u6362\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u793c\u7269\u4ee3\u8868\u4e00\u79cd\u4ee5\u65bd\u6069\u4ea4\u6362\u62a5\u7b54\u7684\u8c61\u5f81\u6027\u4ea4\u6362\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u65bd\u6069\u7684\u662f\u65af\u5927\u6797\u548c\u515a\u56fd\uff0c\u62a5\u6069\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\u662f\u4eab\u53d7\u7279\u6b8a\u5f85\u9047\u7684\u82cf\u8054\u793e\u4f1a\u7cbe\u82f1\u2014\u2014\u5e03\u9c81\u514b\u65af\u79f0\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e3a\u201c\u9ad8\u7b49\u516c\u6c11\u201d\uff08super citizens\uff09\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u5219\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u7684\u82cf\u8054\u4eba\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ec0\u4e48\u5f85\u9047\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\uff0c\u4f46\u201c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u5c06\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7531\u82cf\u8054\u793e\u4f1a\u6240\u5206\u914d\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u7269\u8d28\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u90fd\u5f52\u529f\u4e8e\u65af\u5927\u6797\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u201d\u3002\uff08Jeffrey Brooks, Thank You, Comrade Stalin! : Soviet Public Culture from Revolution to Cold War. Princeton University Press, 2001,p81\uff09<\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section>\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u9ad8\u7b49\u516c\u6c11\u4eec\u2014\u2014\u90a3\u4e9b\u4eab\u6709\u804c\u4f4d\u3001\u5934\u8854\u3001\u7279\u6b8a\u5f85\u9047\u7684\u7cbe\u82f1\u4eba\u58eb\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u52b3\u52a8\u6a21\u8303\u3001\u751f\u4ea7\u6807\u5175\u2014\u2014\u90fd\u662f\u82cf\u8054\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u6770\u51fa\u8d21\u732e\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u201c\u6311\u6218\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u4eba\u7684\u8010\u529b\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u201c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u6837\u8db3\u4ee5\u5145\u5206\u56de\u62a5\u4ed6\u4eec\u6240\u53d7\u5230\u7684\u6069\u60e0\u201d\u3002\u4e89\u53d6\u8fdb\u5165\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4eba\u7fa4\uff0c\u63a5\u53d7\u7279\u522b\u7684\u6069\u8d50\uff0c\u662f\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u79ef\u6781\u8868\u73b0\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u3002\u515a\u544a\u8bc9\u82cf\u8054\u4eba\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u6216\u8d21\u732e\u591a\u4e48\u4e0d\u51e1\uff0c\u4ed6\u90fd\u62a5\u4e0d\u5c3d\u65af\u5927\u6797\u548c\u515a\u56fd\u7684\u6069\u60c5\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u6e3a\u5c0f\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u201c\u6d88\u5f2d\u4e86\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u4f5c\u4e3a\u521b\u9020\u8005\u548c\u80fd\u52a8\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u201d\u3002\u5e03\u9c81\u514b\u65af\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u201c\u4eba\u6c11\u62a5\u6069\u201d\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u5728\u5217\u5b81\u65f6\u4ee3\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\uff0c\u201c\u5217\u5b81\u628a\u4ed6\u7684\u2018\u5148\u8fdb\u653f\u515a\u2019\u6253\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u6069\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u65af\u5927\u6797\u53ca\u5176\u653f\u5e9c\u5219\u5c06\u4e4b\u52a0\u4ee5\u5938\u5927\uff0c\u5ba3\u4f20\u515a\u5c31\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u521b\u9020\u8005\u201d\u3002\u4e0e\u521b\u4e16\u4e3b\u7684\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u515a\u5bf9\u82cf\u8054\u793e\u4f1a\u6709\u521b\u4e16\u4e4b\u6069\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6069\u60c5\u53ef\u4e0d\u4e00\u822c\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u9020\u7269\u4e3b\u7684\u5723\u6069\u3002<\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section><img src=\"https:\/\/img0.baidu.com\/it\/u=1124201269,3205961325&amp;fm=253&amp;fmt=auto&amp;app=120&amp;f=JPEG?w=500&amp;h=717\" \/><\/section>\n<section>\u65af\u5927\u6797<\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section>\u5728\u7406\u89e3\u515a\u7684\u5723\u6069\u4e4b\u65f6\uff0c\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\u515a\u6069\u7684\u53e6\u5916\u4e24\u5c42\u7684\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u201c\u793c\u7269\u201d\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u6536\u793c\u548c\u8fd8\u793c\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd8\u5f97\u6e05\u7684\u6069\u60c5\u56de\u62a5\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u6709\u5bb6\u5ead\u6697\u793a\u7684\u53d7\u6069\u4e0e\u56de\u62a5\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5b83\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u8fd8\u4e0d\u6e05\u7684\u201c\u503a\u52a1\u201d\u542b\u4e49\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e24\u5c42\u793c\u7269\u5173\u7cfb\u4e4b\u540e\u6216\u4e4b\u4e0a\u624d\u6709\u4e86\u8fdb\u4e00\u5c42\u7684\u521b\u9020\u4e0e\u88ab\u521b\u9020\u7684\u5723\u6069\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5723\u6069\u662f\u6c38\u8fdc\u8fd8\u4e0d\u6e05\uff0c\u7edd\u5bf9\u8fd8\u4e0d\u6e05\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6bd4\u5929\u9ad8\uff0c\u6bd4\u6d77\u6df1\u7684\u6069\u60c5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e09\u5c42\u9053\u5fb7\u793c\u7269\u5173\u7cfb\u90fd\u5bf9\u53d7\u6069\u8005\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5f3a\u5236\u6027\u64cd\u63a7\u529b\uff0c\u8feb\u4f7f\u4ed6\u670d\u4ece\u548c\u5c48\u670d\u4e8e\u65bd\u6069\u8005\u7684\u610f\u5fd7\u548c\u610f\u56fe\u3002<\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section>\u5e03\u9c81\u514b\u65af\u7528\u6cd5\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u5bb6\u83ab\u65af(M. Mauss)\u7684\u793c\u7269\u7406\u8bba\u6765\u8bf4\u660e\u82cf\u8054\u4eba\u4e0e\u56fd\u5bb6\u653f\u6743\u548c\u9886\u8896\u7684\u5c48\u4ece\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u4ea4\u6362\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5(\u6216\u56e0\u7d20)\u662f\u201c\u9001\u793c\u201d\u3001\u201c\u6536\u793c\u201d\u548c\u201c\u56de\u793c\u201d\u3002\u793c\u7269\u4ea4\u6362\u4ec5\u4ec5\u5728\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u662f\u81ea\u613f\u548c\u65e0\u507f\u7684\u3002\u793c\u7269\u5fc5\u7136\u5e26\u6709\u5177\u7ea6\u675f\u6027\u7684\u4e49\u52a1\u3002\u793c\u7269\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u6f5c\u89c4\u5219\u662f,\u53d7\u8d60\u793c\u7269\u8005\u5fc5\u987b\u56de\u793c\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u4ea4\u6362\u7684\u4e49\u52a1\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0e\u73b0\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7ecf\u7531\u8d27\u5e01\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u5546\u54c1\u4ea4\u6362\u7684\u5f3a\u5236\u6027\u4ea4\u6362\u5173\u7cfb\u6709\u76f8\u4f3c\u4e4b\u5904\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u793c\u7269\u4ea4\u6362\u7684\u5b9e\u8d28\u6bd5\u7adf\u4e0e\u5b9e\u5229\u6027\u7684\u5546\u54c1\u4ea4\u6362\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u793c\u7269\u4ea4\u6362\u548c\u5546\u54c1\u4ea4\u6362\u4f53\u73b0\u7684\u662f\u6027\u8d28\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5f3a\u5236\u6027\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u6d82\u5c14\u5e72(E. Durkheim)\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u5916\u5728\u4e8e\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u8054\u7cfb\u7684\u5f3a\u5236\u6027\uff0c \u800c\u540e\u8005\u5219\u662f\u51fa\u4e8e\u4e2a\u4eba\u529f\u5229\u5229\u76ca\u8003\u91cf\u7684\u5f3a\u5236\u6027\u3002\u6d82\u5c14\u5e72\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u51b3\u5b9a\u4eba\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u662f\u4eba\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u8054\u7cfb(association)\uff0c\u201c\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u662f\u4e00\u5207\u5176\u5b83\u52a8\u56e0\u4e4b\u6e90\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u201c\u4ed6\u4eba\u201d\u4e0d\u53ea\u5305\u62ec\u6211\u80fd\u9009\u62e9\u7684,\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u6211\u4e0d\u80fd\u9009\u62e9\u7684\uff0c\u201c\u6211\u4e00\u51fa\u751f\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e0d\u4e0e\u67d0\u4e00\u7fa4\u4f53\u6709\u6240\u8054\u7cfb\u201d\u3002\u6d82\u5c14\u5e72\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u90a3\u79cd\u793e\u4f1a\u5236\u7ea6\u548c\u4e49\u52a1\u5bf9\u9001\u793c\u8005\u548c\u8fd8\u793c\u8005\u90fd\u6709\u6548\u3002\u00a0(Emil Durkheim, The Rules of Social Method. New York: Free Press, 1964, p104)<\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section>\u82cf\u8054\u9ad8\u7b49\u516c\u6c11\u4eec\u5bf9\u56fd\u5bb6\u548c\u9886\u8896\u7ed9\u4e88\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8363\u8a89\u3001\u5730\u4f4d\u3001\u7279\u6b8a\u5f85\u9047\u6000\u6709\u611f\u6069\u6234\u5fb7\u4e4b\u60c5\uff0c\u5e76\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u65e0\u6bd4\u611f\u6fc0\u3002\u5e03\u9c81\u7279\u65af\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u201c\u5728\u65af\u5927\u6797\u53ca\u5176\u540c\u4f19\u63a7\u5236\u7740\u516c\u5171\u8d44\u6e90\u5206\u914d\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u91cc\u201d\u624d\u4f1a\u6709\u8fd9\u79cd\u516c\u5f00\u611f\u6fc0\u653f\u6cbb\u4eba\u7269\u4e2a\u4eba\u8d50\u4e88\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u6781\u6743\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u201c\u5229\u51fa\u4e00\u5b54\u201d\u6548\u5e94\u3002\u5728\u5217\u5b81\u7684\u65b0\u7ecf\u6d4e\u653f\u7b56\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u52b3\u52a8\u6a21\u8303\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u53d7\u5230\u8363\u8a89\u7684\u5956\u52b1\uff0c\u201c\u5f88\u5c11\u6709\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u597d\u5904\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u90a3\u4e9b\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u65af\u8fbe\u6c49\u8bfa\u592b (Stakhanovite)\u7a81\u51fb\u624b\u7684\u6a21\u8303\u4eba\u7269\u5c31\u90fd\u662f\u540d\u5229\u53cc\u6536\u7684\u4e86\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u79f0\u53f7\u540e\u6765\u53c8\u88ab\u6269\u5927\u5230\u96c6\u4f53\u519c\u5e84\u6216\u751a\u81f3\u519b\u961f\u4e2d\u7684\u6a21\u8303\u4eba\u7269\u3002\u65af\u8fbe\u6c49\u8bfa\u592b\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u524d\u82cf\u8054\u88ab\u8f7d\u5165\u53f2\u518c\u7684\u91c7\u7164\u5de5\u4eba\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u96f7\u950b\u5f0f\u82f1\u96c4\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u6a21\u8303\u5c31\u4ee5\u4ed6\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u6765\u547d\u540d\u30021935\u5e748\u670831\u65e5\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u4e00\u73ed\u5de5\u4f5c\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u91c7\u7164\u4e00\u767e\u96f6\u4e8c\u5428\uff0c\u8d85\u8fc7\u666e\u901a\u91c7\u7164\u5b9a\u989d\u5341\u4e09\u500d\uff0c\u4ed6\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u5956\u9879\u5305\u62ec\u5217\u5b81\u52cb\u7ae0\u3001\u7ea2\u65d7\u52cb\u7ae0\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u52b3\u52a8\u82f1\u96c4\u52cb\u7ae0\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e8e1977\u5e74\u75c5\u6b7b\u5728\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u9662\u30021935\u5e749\u6708\u4ed6\u5728\u300a\u52b3\u52a8\u62a5\u300b\u63a5\u53d7\u91c7\u8bbf\u65f6\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u8bb0\u5f55\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u54cd\u5e94\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u65af\u5927\u6797\u201d\u7684\u53f7\u53ec\uff0c2\u4e2a\u6708\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u53c8\u516c\u5f00\u5bf9\u65af\u5927\u6797\u8868\u793a\u611f\u8c22\uff0c\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5e78\u798f\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7f8e\u4e3d\u7956\u56fd\u7684\u5feb\u4e50\u548c\u8363\u8000\uff0c\u90fd\u5e94\u8be5\u5f52\u529f\u4e8e\u4ed6\uff0c\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u65af\u5927\u6797\u201d\u3002<\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section>\u50cf\u65af\u8fbe\u6c49\u8bfa\u592b\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u82cf\u8054\u9ad8\u7b49\u516c\u6c11\u5938\u5f20\u5730\u8868\u73b0\u9ad8\u5ea6\u201c\u5fe0\u8bda\u201d\u548c\u201c\u70ed\u7231\u201d\uff0c\u662f\u5bf9\u9886\u8896\u6069\u8d50\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u8654\u656c\u201c\u56de\u793c\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u56de\u793c\u5177\u6709\u83ab\u65af\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u201c\u5f3a\u5236\u6027\u201d\uff0c\u6536\u793c\u8005\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e0d\u5bf9\u793c\u7269\u4f5c\u51fa\u611f\u8c22\u7684\u8868\u793a\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u770b\u5230\u56de\u793c\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u5f3a\u5236\u6027(\u4e49\u52a1)\u5e76\u4e0d\u5145\u5206\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u83ab\u65af\u660e\u786e\u63d0\u5230,\u9001\u793c\u548c\u56de\u793c\u90fd\u662f\u4e49\u52a1\u6027\u7684\u3002\u5728\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u7684\u793c\u7269\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\uff0c\u8d60\u4e0e\u8005\u6709\u4e49\u52a1\u4e0e\u88ab\u8d60\u4e0e\u8005\u2014\u2014\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u9886\u8896\u4e0e\u4eba\u6c11\u2014\u2014\u4fdd\u6301\u4e00\u79cd\u878d\u6d3d\u7684\u3001\u4eb2\u5bc6\u65e0\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5728\u5b98\u65b9\u8bdd\u8bed\u4e2d,\u8fd9\u53eb\u201c\u4e0d\u8131\u79bb\u7fa4\u4f17\u201d\u3001\u201c\u4e0e\u7fa4\u4f17\u6253\u6210\u4e00\u7247\u201d\u3002\u201c\u5173\u5fc3\u201d\u7fa4\u4f17\u81f3\u5c11\u5728\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u662f\u9886\u8896\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u4e49\u52a1\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5b98\u65b9\u8bdd\u8bed\u5bf9\u666e\u901a\u4eba\u5f88\u96be\u5177\u6709\u50cf\u5bf9\u9ad8\u7b49\u516c\u6c11\u90a3\u6837\u7684\u8bf4\u670d\u529b\uff0c\u666e\u901a\u4eba\u4e5f\u8bb8\u4f1a\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53c8\u6ca1\u6709\u5f97\u5230\u7279\u522b\u7684\u8d4f\u8d50\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u611f\u8c22\u5462\uff1f\u6240\u4ee5\u9700\u8981\u501f\u7528\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u66f4\u901a\u4fd7\u7684\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf\u6587\u5316\u63a5\u8f68\u7684\u793c\u7269\u8bdd\u8bed\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u5bb6\u5ead\u201d\u3002<\/section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section>2<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section>\u5bb6\u5ead\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u6700\u80fd\u4f53\u73b0\u4eba\u9645\u793c\u7269\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5730\u65b9,\u4e5f\u662f\u513f\u7ae5\u5f00\u59cb\u5b66\u4e60\u8fd9\u79cd\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u201c\u5bb6\u5ead\u201d\u56e0\u6b64\u6210\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u77e5\u5176\u5b83\u4eba\u9645\u793c\u7269\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u89c2\u5ff5\u3002\u5728\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u8fdb\u5165\u5bb6\u5ead\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u81ea\u613f\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u8d50\u4e88\u201d\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u201c\u808c\u80a4\u6bdb\u53d1\u53d7\u4e4b\u7236\u6bcd\u201d\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u83b7\u5f97\u751f\u547d\u7684\u201c\u611f\u6fc0\u201d\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e86\u4ed6\u201c\u56de\u62a5\u201d\u7236\u6bcd\u7684\u4e49\u52a1,\u5373\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u5b5d\u201d\u3002\u7236\u6bcd\u4e0e\u5b50\u5973\u7684\u8840\u4eb2\u5173\u7cfb\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u5bb6\u5ead\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u9ecf\u5408\u3002\u8fd9\u5728\u4f20\u7edf\u5bb6\u5ead\u548c\u5bb6\u65cf\u89c2\u4e2d\u6700\u4e3a\u7a81\u51fa\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4eba\u4eec\u5e73\u65f6\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u201c\u8840\u6d53\u4e8e\u6c34\u201d\u3002<\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section>\u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf\u5bb6\u5ead\u89c2\u5ff5\u7684\u201c\u81ea\u7136\u9ecf\u5408\u201d\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u73b0\u4ee3\u5bb6\u5ead\u89c2\u5ff5\u4e2d\u6709\u9650\u5730\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e86\u201c\u81ea\u613f\u201d\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u73b0\u4ee3\u5bb6\u5ead\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u539f\u672c\u964c\u751f\u7684\u4eba\u81ea\u613f\u5730\u9009\u62e9\u7ed3\u6210\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u9ecf\u5408\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u81ea\u613f\u66f4\u5177\u793c\u7269\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u3002\u9664\u975e\u4e24\u4e2a\u964c\u751f\u4eba\u5404\u81ea\u628a\u201c\u81ea\u6211\u201d\u5f53\u4f5c\u793c\u7269\u8d60\u4e0e\u5bf9\u65b9\uff0c\u4ee5\u611f\u6fc0\u548c\u56de\u62a5\u6765\u76f8\u4e92\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u5f62\u6210\u592b\u59bb\u5bb6\u5ead\u8fd9\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u9ecf\u5408\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u6cd5\u56fd\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u5bb6\u514b\u52b3\u5fb7\u00b7\u5217\u7ef4-\u65af\u7279\u52b3\u65af(Claude Levi-Strauss)\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5916\u65cf\u4eba\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u901a\u5a5a\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e00\u5207\u5305\u542b\u76f8\u4e92\u56de\u8d60\u4e49\u52a1\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u539f\u578b\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u5c31\u793c\u7269\u4e0e\u5bb6\u5ead\u7684\u539f\u578b\u5173\u7cfb\u800c\u8bf4\u7684\u3002\uff08Claude Levi-Strauss, Les structures elementaires de la parente. Paris: Mouton, 1967, p.551\uff09<\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section><img src=\"https:\/\/img1.baidu.com\/it\/u=3980129121,735128208&amp;fm=253&amp;fmt=auto&amp;app=138&amp;f=JPEG?w=468&amp;h=704\" \/><\/section>\n<section>\u514b\u52b3\u5fb7\u00b7\u5217\u7ef4-\u65af\u7279\u52b3\u65af<\/section>\n<section>\u00a0<\/section>\n<section>\u5e03\u9c81\u514b\u65af\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u65af\u5927\u6797\u5728\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u201c\u56fd\u5bb6\u7236\u4eb2\u201d\u5f62\u8c61\u662f\u515a\u5a92\u901a\u8fc7\u56fe\u7247\u3001\u79f0\u8c13\u3001\u6697\u793a\u7b49\u624b\u6bb5\u7cbe\u5fc3\u6253\u9020\u7684\uff0c\u663e\u5f97\u5341\u5206\u81ea\u7136\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6709\u6548\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u201c1930\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\uff0c\u62a5\u7eb8\u7ecf\u5e38\u520a\u767b\u65af\u5927\u6797\u548c\u5987\u5973\u3001\u513f\u7ae5\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\u7167\u7247\u201d\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7167\u7247\u91cc\u6ca1\u6709\u7537\u4eba\uff0c\u65af\u5927\u6797\u5c31\u662f\u90a3\u4e2a\u201c\u7537\u4eba\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u5de5\u4f1a\u7684\u62a5\u7eb8\u751a\u81f3\u628a\u4ed6\u79f0\u4e3a\u4fc4\u56fd\u7684\u5723\u8bde\u8001\u4eba\u201d\u30021936\u5e7412\u670830\u65e5\uff0c\u62a5\u7eb8\u520a\u767b\u4e86\u65af\u5927\u6797\u770b\u7740\u5b69\u5b50\u56f4\u7740\u201c\u65b0\u5e74\u6811\u201d\u8df3\u821e\uff0c\u201c\u4e00\u9762\u5fae\u7b11\uff0c\u4e00\u9762\u62cd\u624b\u201d\u30021937\u5e74\u65b0\u5e74\u90a3\u5929\uff0c\u300a\u771f\u7406\u62a5\u300b\u520a\u767b\u4e00\u5219\u6d88\u606f\uff1a\u65af\u5927\u6797\u6d3e\u533b\u751f\u6551\u6cbb\u4e86\u4e00\u4f4d\u5987\u5973\u3002\u5987\u5973\u548c\u513f\u7ae5\u886c\u6258\u7684\u662f\u65af\u5927\u6797\u7684\u7236\u4eb2\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5f62\u8c61\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u5c31\u6269\u5927\u4e3a\u201c\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e4b\u7236\u201d\u3002<\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section>\u4fc4\u8bed\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u7956\u56fd\u201d\u4e00\u5411\u662f\u201c\u6bcd\u4eb2\u56fd\u201d(motherland) \u6216\u201c\u5bb6\u56fd\u201d(homeland)\uff0c1931\u5e74\uff0c\u65af\u5927\u6797\u6210\u4e3a\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e4b\u7236\u540e\uff0c\u7956\u56fd\u5c31\u53eb\u4e86\u201c\u7236\u4eb2\u56fd\u201d\uff08fatherland\uff09\u3002\u201cFatherland \u662f\u65af\u5927\u6797\u4fee\u8f9e\u7684\u521b\u65b0\uff0c\u53d6\u4e49\u4e8e\u9769\u547d\u524d\u7684\u8fc7\u53bb\uff1a\u2018\u8fc7\u53bb\u6211\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709Fatherland\uff0c\u5982\u4eca\u6211\u4eec\u63a8\u7ffb\u4e86\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u593a\u53d6\u4e86\u653f\u6743\uff0c\u4eba\u6c11\u6709\u4e86\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u4e86Fatherland\u00a0\u2019\u201d\u3002\u65af\u5927\u6797\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7956\u56fd\u7684\u7236\u4eb2\u3002\u5fae\u5999\u7684\u6697\u793a\u8fd8\u6709\uff0c\u201c\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u5728\u62a5\u7eb8\u4e0a\u5bf9\u65af\u5927\u6797\u7528\u4eb2\u6635\u7684\u79f0\u547c\uff08ty\uff09\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4ee5\u65af\u5927\u6797\u4e3a\u7236\u4eb2\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6635\u79f0\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u5728\u5bb6\u5ead\u5185\u90e8\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u662f\u4eb2\u5bc6\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u6216\u5b69\u5b50\u201d\u3002<\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section>\u65af\u5927\u6797\u662f\u4eba\u6c11\u548c\u4ed6\u4eec\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u7236\u4eb2\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5f62\u8c61\u89d2\u8272\u795e\u5723\u5316\u4e86\uff0c\u4ed6\u6240\u8d50\u4e88\u4eba\u6c11\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u793c\u7269\u4e5f\u5c31\u6210\u4e86\u795e\u7684\u793c\u7269\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u5b97\u6559\u7279\u6027\u3002\u795e\u5723\u5316\u7684\u793c\u7269\u5728\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4f20\u7edf\u4e2d\u6765\u81ea\u201c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u201d\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u539f\u521d\u793c\u7269\u201d\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u81f3\u9ad8\u7684\u201c\u6069\u5ba0\u201d\u6216\u8005\u201c\u6069\u60e0\u201d\u3002\u201c\u6069\u5ba0\u201d\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u81f3\u9ad8\u81f3\u5927\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u666e\u53ca\u4f17\u751f\uff0c\u5927\u6148\u5927\u60b2\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u6c42\u56de\u62a5\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e5f\u65e0\u4ee5\u56de\u62a5\u3002\u4e00\u5207\u5176\u5b83\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u793c\u7269\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4eb2\u670b\u4e4b\u95f4\u3001\u964c\u751f\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u6216\u8005\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e0e\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u793c\u7269\uff0c\u90fd\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ece\u201c\u539f\u521d\u793c\u7269\u201d\u83b7\u5f97\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u8fd9\u624d\u6d89\u53ca\u4e0d\u6c42\u56de\u62a5\u7684\u201c\u7231\u201d\u548c\u201c\u8d60\u4e0e\u201d\u3002<\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section>\u5728\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4f20\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u795e\u5723\u793c\u7269\u8fd8\u4e0e\u201c\u727a\u7272\u201d\u548c\u201c\u5f97\u6551\u201d\u8054\u7cfb\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u51fa\u4e8e\u8fd9\u79cd\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u201c\u65e0\u4ee5\u56de\u62a5\u7684\u793c\u7269\u53d8\u6210\u4e00\u79cd\u4ece\u675f\u7f1a\u4e0b\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u89e3\u653e\uff0c\u2026\u2026\u653e\u5f03\u4e16\u4fd7\u7684\u81ea\u6211,\u8d4e\u7f6a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u89e3\u6551\u201d\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u535a\u7231\u662f\u6a21\u4eff\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u7231\uff0c\u4ee5\u727a\u7272\u81ea\u5df1\u6765\u62ef\u6551\u4ed6\u4eba\u3002\u795e\u5723\u793c\u7269\u4e3a\u795e\u6cbb\u4e16\u754c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5bb0\u5236\u8981\u6c42\u628a\u201c\u73b0\u4e16\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u6765\u4e16\u201d\u533a\u9694\u5f00\u6765\uff0c\u201c\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u8d2c\u6291\u73b0\u4e16(contemptus mundi)\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e00\u79cd\u706d\u4eba\u6b32\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u7528\u4e16\u4fd7\u7684\u7981\u6b32\u82e6\u884c,\u6765\u8868\u73b0(\u81ea\u5df1)\u90a3\u79cd\u535a\u7231\u7684\u793c\u7269\u201d\u3002\uff08 Jonathan Parry, \u201cThe Gift, the Indian Gift, and the \u2018Indian Gift\u2019.\u201d Man (N.S.) 21 (1986): 453-73, p.468\uff09<\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section>\u5728\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u4e16\u4fd7\u8bed\u8a00\u91cc\uff0c\u4e3a\u67d0\u67d0\u201c\u4e8b\u4e1a\u201d\u6216\u201c\u4f7f\u547d\u201d\u8d21\u732e\u4e00\u5207\u201d\u7684\u53e3\u53f7\u5305\u542b\u7740\u4e0e\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u793c\u7269\u903b\u8f91\u3002\u9769\u547d\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u88ab\u795e\u79d8\u5316\u548c\u795e\u5723\u5316\u4e3a\u67d0\u79cd\u8d85\u7136\u81f3\u4e0a\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4f7f\u547d\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u88ab\u795e\u5723\u5316\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u53c8\u88ab\u5eb8\u4fd7\u5316\uff0c\u53d8\u6210\u6b8b\u9177\u8feb\u5bb3\u5f02\u5df1\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u795e\u5723\u5316\u548c\u5eb8\u4fd7\u5316\u770b\u4e0a\u53bb\u76f8\u4e92\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u4e92\u4e3a\u8868\u91cc\u3002\u4ee5\u5b97\u6559\u540d\u4e49\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u8feb\u5bb3\u6b8b\u5fcd\u9177\u70c8\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u6781\u7aef\u6b8b\u5fcd\u548c\u9177\u70c8\u5fc5\u987b\u4ece\u795e\u90a3\u91cc\u83b7\u5f97\u6b63\u5f53\u6027\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u5728\u4eba\u95f4\u83b7\u5f97\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u3002\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u66b4\u529b\u4e00\u65e6\u4ee5\u795e\u7684\u540d\u4e49\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u8fdb\u884c\u5230\u6781\u81f4\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u8868\u73b0\u795e\u7684\u5a01\u4e25\u548c\u4eba\u5fc5\u987b\u5bf9\u795e\u5949\u732e\u7684\u6781\u5ea6\u8654\u8bda\u3002<\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section>3<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section>\u5e03\u9c81\u514b\u65af\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u65af\u5927\u6797\u653f\u6743\u662f\u4ee5\u654c\u6211\u5212\u5206\u548c\u654c\u6211\u6b8a\u6b7b\u6597\u4e89\u6765\u5960\u5b9a\u5176\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u548c\u5408\u7406\u6027\u7684\u30021930\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u653f\u6cbb\u8feb\u5bb3\u548c\u4f5c\u79c0\u516c\u5ba1\u201d\uff08\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u5ba1\u5224\uff09\u4fbf\u662f\u7531\u9769\u547d\u4e4b\u795e\uff08\u65af\u5927\u6797\u662f\u5b83\u7684\u5316\u8eab\uff09\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u3002\u4e8c\u6218\u4e2d\u7684\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u540c\u6837\u4e5f\u662f\u82cf\u8054\u9769\u547d\u7684\u654c\u4eba\uff0c\u65af\u5927\u6797\u6210\u529f\u5730\u6253\u8d25\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u56fd\u5185\u548c\u56fd\u5916\u654c\u4eba\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u65af\u5927\u6797\u5d07\u62dc\u5728\u6218\u540e\u88ab\u63d0\u5347\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u82cf\u8054\u4eba\u5d07\u62dc\u7684\u795e\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u5171\u4ea7\u56fd\u9645\u5171\u540c\u5d07\u62dc\u7684\u795e\uff0c\u201c\u65af\u5927\u6797\u768470\u5927\u5bff\u6210\u4e3a\u82cf\u8054\u56fd\u5bb6\u548c\u56fd\u9645\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u76db\u5927\u8282\u65e5\u201d\u3002\u65af\u5927\u6797\u751f\u65e5\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5929\uff0c12\u670822\u65e5\uff0c\u82cf\u8054\u8bd7\u4eba\u4e9a\u5386\u5c71\u5927\u00b7\u7279\u91cc\u798f\u8bfa\u7ef4\u5947\uff08Aleksandr T. \u00a0Tvardovsky\uff09\u70ed\u60c5\u6f8e\u6e43\u5730\u5199\u9053\uff0c\u201c\u611f\u8c22\u4f60\uff0c\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u65af\u5927\u6797\uff0c\u628a\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u9ed1\u6697\u7684\u6df1\u6e0a\u5e26\u8fdb\u6765\u5149\u660e\u548c\u5e78\u798f\u201d\u3002\u65af\u5927\u6797\u5c31\u50cf\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u8bf4\u8981\u6709\u5149\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u6709\u4e86\u5149\u3002<\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/img1.baidu.com\/it\/u=2890881285,3788896227&amp;fm=253&amp;fmt=auto&amp;app=138&amp;f=PNG?w=490&amp;h=323\" \/>\u4e9a\u5386\u5c71\u5927\u00b7\u7279\u91cc\u798f\u8bfa\u7ef4\u5947<\/p>\n<section><\/section>\n<section>\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u5149\u660e\u201d\u548c\u201c\u9ed1\u6697\u201d\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u6587\u4eba\u58a8\u5ba2\u7684\u8bd7\u610f\u963f\u8c00\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u666e\u901a\u4eba\u611f\u6069\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u611f\u53d7\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u6234\u7ef4\u65af\u5728\u300a\u65af\u5927\u6797\u4fc4\u56fd\u7684\u6c11\u60c5\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u91cc\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u786e\u5b9e\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u82cf\u8054\u4eba\u662f\u611f\u6fc0\u65af\u5927\u6797\u7684\uff0c\u611f\u6069\u786e\u5b9e\u662f\u65af\u5927\u6797\u5d07\u62dc\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u65e2\u5f97\u5229\u76ca\u8005\uff1a\u52b3\u52a8\u6a21\u8303\u3001\u5404\u79cd\u5f85\u9047\u7684\u4eab\u53d7\u8005\u3001\u5730\u4f4d\u548c\u8363\u8a89\u7684\u83b7\u5f97\u8005\u3001\u5f97\u5230\u63d0\u62d4\u6216\u5347\u8fc1\u8005\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5305\u62ec\u4e00\u4e9b\u5bf9\u7269\u8d28\u751f\u6d3b\u548c\u201c\u65b0\u751f\u6d3b\u201d\u6ee1\u610f\u7684\u4eba\u58eb\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u7269\u8d28\u3001\u5f85\u9047\u3001\u5730\u4f4d\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e5f\u4e0d\u7b49\u4e8e\u6ca1\u6709\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4e0d\u6ee1\u6216\u62b5\u89e6\u3002<\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section>\u5b98\u5a92\u5ba3\u4f20\u611f\u6069\uff0c\u8981\u8bf4\u670d\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u4e0d\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u65e2\u5f97\u5229\u76ca\u8005\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5f97\u76ca\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u89c9\u5f97\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u503c\u5f97\u611f\u6069\u7684\u666e\u901a\u4eba\u3002\u5b98\u5a92\u5ba3\u4f20\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u5728\u90a3\u4e2a\u6ca1\u6709\u611f\u6069\u4e4b\u60c5\u7684\u4eba\u7fa4\u4e2d\u5236\u9020\u611f\u6069\u4e4b\u60c5\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5ba3\u4f20\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u7ecf\u5e38\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u771f\u7684\u6709\u4e86\u611f\u6069\u4e4b\u60c5\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4eec\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u5fc5\u987b\u88c5\u51fa\u6709\u611f\u6076\u4e4b\u60c5\uff0c\u8fd9\u6b63\u662f\u5e03\u9c81\u514b\u65af\u5728\u300a\u611f\u8c22\u65af\u5927\u6797\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u91cc\u6240\u7740\u91cd\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u90a3\u79cd\u611f\u6069\uff1a\u4e00\u79cd\u505a\u6837\u5b50\u7684\u611f\u6069\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u611f\u6069\u5df2\u7ecf\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u539f\u6709\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u60c5\u611f\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u8868\u6f14\uff0c\u6f14\u793a\u4e13\u5236\u653f\u6743\u6240\u5f3a\u6c42\u7684\u90a3\u79cd\u5bf9\u65af\u5927\u6797\u672c\u4eba\u7684\u5fe0\u8bda\u548c\u670d\u4ece\u3002<\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section>\u5e03\u9c81\u514b\u65af\u4ece\u201c\u653f\u6cbb\u8868\u6f14\u201d\u548c\u201c\u626e\u76f8\u516c\u5171\u6587\u5316\u201d\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u673a\u5236\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u529f\u80fd\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u6c11\u4f17\u5bf9\u65af\u5927\u6797\u4e2a\u4eba\u5d07\u62dc\uff0c\u4e0e\u4e09\u79cd\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u4ece\u4fc4\u56fd\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u5723\u4eba\u5d07\u62dc\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u65af\u5927\u6797\u5d07\u62dc\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u4fc4\u56fd\u201c\u5723\u611a\u201d\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u5fc3\u7406\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u79cd\u662f\u4ece\u6c99\u7687\u5d07\u62dc\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u65af\u5927\u6797\u4e2a\u4eba\u5d07\u62dc\u7684\u4fc4\u56fd\u96c6\u4f53\u5fc3\u7406\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u5d07\u62dc\u5bf9\u8c61\u7531\u201c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u201d\u53d8\u6210\u201c\u6c99\u7687\u201d\u3002\u6c99\u7687\u662f\u6148\u7231\u800c\u5a01\u4e25\u7684\u7236\u4eb2\uff0c\u662f\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u7740\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u79cd\u89e3\u91ca\u5728\u5723\u611a\u548c\u6c99\u7687\u5d07\u62dc\u4e4b\u5916\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e86\u73b0\u4ee3\u9b45\u529b\u9886\u8896\u7684\u6210\u5206\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e2a\u4eba\u5d07\u62dc\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u5d07\u62dc\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u73b0\u4ee3\u7edf\u6cbb\u827a\u672f\uff0c\u6216\u827a\u672f\u5316\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\uff0c\u5bcc\u6709\u8868\u6f14\u6027\u548c\u4eea\u5f0f\u6027\u3002\u5b83\u8fd0\u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u9020\u548c\u5c55\u793a\u9886\u8896\u9b45\u529b\u7684\u5927\u4f17\u4f20\u5a92\u548c\u5927\u4f17\u6587\u5316\u624b\u6bb5\u662f\u53e4\u4ee3\u5723\u8d24\u548c\u541b\u738b\u6240\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5177\u5907\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u89e3\u91ca\u770b\u4f3c\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5171\u540c\u7684\u5148\u884c\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\uff0c\u6c11\u4f17\u7684\u5d07\u62dc\u662f\u771f\u8bda\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u786e\u5b9e\u5728\u5185\u5fc3\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u7684\u656c\u4ef0\u548c\u5d07\u656c\u3002<\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section>\u5e03\u9c81\u514b\u65af\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u5230\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u65af\u5927\u6797\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u91cc\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u771f\u8bda\u7684\u5d07\u62dc\u6070\u6070\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\uf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