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\u00a0\u5f17\u6717\u897f\u65af\u00b7\u827e\u4e39\u00b7\u52a0\u65af\u51ef(Francis Aidan Gasquet)\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u672c\u7b03\u4f1a\u4fee\u58eb\u3001\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c1914\u5e74\u4efb\u7ea2\u8863\u4e3b\u6559\uff0c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5b66\u6d3e\u5728\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u5b97\u6559\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5f00\u62d3\u8005\u548c\u5960\u57fa\u4eba\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u8d21\u732e\u4e3b\u8981\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u53f2\uff0c\u88ab\u300a\u6cf0\u6664\u58eb\u62a5\u300b\u8a89\u4e3a\u201c\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u53f2\u5b97\u6559\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u5de8\u64d8\u201d\u3002\u8457\u6709\u300a\u9ed1\u6b7b\u75c5(1348\u20141349)\uff1a\u5927\u707e\u96be\u3001\u5927\u6b7b\u4ea1\u4e0e\u5927\u8427\u6761\u300b\u300a\u4ea8\u5229\u516d\u4e16\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u751f\u6d3b\u300b\u300a\u4ea8\u5229\u516b\u4e16\u4e0e\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u4fee\u9053\u9662\u300b\u300a\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u7684\u5802\u533a\u751f\u6d3b\u300b\u300a\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u7684\u4fee\u9053\u9662\u300b\u300a\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u4fee\u9053\u9662\u751f\u6d3b\u300b\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u5f17\u6717\u897f\u65af\u00b7\u827e\u4e39\u00b7\u52a0\u65af\u51ef<\/p>\n

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\u52b3\u5de5\u9636\u5c42\u7684\u5d1b\u8d77<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u5bf9\u9886\u4e3b\u4eec\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u6bb5\u65f6\u671f\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u8270\u96be\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ea\u80fd\u5404\u81ea\u9762\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u56f0\u5883\u3002\u5404\u79cd\u79df\u91d1\u5df2\u7ecf\u964d\u5230\u539f\u6765\u7684\u4e00\u534a\u3002\u6570\u5343\u82f1\u4ea9\u8015\u5730\u65e0\u4eba\u79df\u79cd\uff0c\u4e00\u6587\u4e0d\u503c\u3002\u519c\u820d\u3001\u78e8\u574a\u3001\u623f\u5b50\u6ca1\u6709\u4f43\u519c\u79df\u7528\u3002\u679c\u56ed\u3001\u83dc\u56ed\u3001\u7530\u5730\u5e9f\u5f03\u3001\u8352\u829c\u3002\u968f\u4e4b\u800c\u6765\u7684\u662f\u5404\u79cd\u5546\u54c1\u4ef7\u683c\u4e0a\u5347\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u7d22\u7f57\u5c14\u5fb7\u00b7\u7f57\u6770\u65af\u6559\u6388\u6240\u6307\u51fa\u7684\uff0c\u9886\u4e3b\u4eec\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u4e70\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u4e0a\u6da8\u4e86\u201c\u767e\u5206\u4e4b\u4e94\u5341\u3001\u4e00\u767e\u3001\u751a\u81f3\u4e8c\u767e\u201d\u3002\u94c1\u5668\u3001\u76d0\u3001\u5e03\u6599\u4ef7\u683c\u7ffb\u4e86\u4e00\u756a\u3002\u9c7c\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u90a3\u4e00\u4ee3\u4eba\u559c\u98df\u7684\u9cb1\u9c7c\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u8d35\u5f97\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u4eba\u4e70\u4e0d\u8d77\u4e86\u3002\u7f57\u5207\u65af\u7279\u7684\u4fee\u58eb\u5a01\u5ec9\u00b7\u8fea\u6069\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u9c7c\u7c7b\u6781\u5176\u7f3a\u4e4f\u3002\u5468\u4e09\u65f6\u4eba\u4eec\u53ea\u80fd\u5403\u8089 [5] \u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u4e0b\u4e86\u4e00\u9053\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u56db\u6761\u9cb1\u9c7c\u53ea\u53ef\u4ee5\u5356\u4e00\u4fbf\u58eb\u3002\u4f46\u5927\u658b\u8282\u65f6\uff0c\u9c7c\u4ecd\u7136\u7f3a\u4e4f\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u8fc7\u53bb\u751f\u6d3b\u4e0d\u9519\u7684\u4eba\u73b0\u5728\u53ea\u80fd\u4ee5\u9762\u5305\u548c\u6d53\u6c64\u5ea6\u65e5\u3002\u201d [6]<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u573a\u5bf9\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\u90fd\u662f\u707e\u96be\u7684\u761f\u75ab\uff0c\u5374\u8ba9\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u56e0\u7978\u5f97\u798f\u3002\u9886\u4e3b\u4eec\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u6b63\u662f\u52b3\u5de5\u4eec\u8981\u5c3d\u5feb\u6293\u4f4f\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u3002<\/strong>\u8bb8\u591a\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u5de5\u8d44\u90fd\u6bd4\u539f\u6765\u7ffb\u4e86\u4e00\u500d\u591a\u3002\u867d\u7136\u56fd\u738b\u53ca\u67a2\u5bc6\u9662\u60f3\u901a\u8fc7\u7acb\u6cd5\u6765\u7981\u6b62\u52b3\u5de5\u7d22\u53d6\u3001\u7981\u6b62\u9886\u4e3b\u652f\u4ed8\u8f83\u4ee5\u5f80\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5de5\u8d44\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u65e0\u6d4e\u4e8e\u4e8b\u3002\u7231\u5fb7\u534e\u4e09\u4e16\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u9053\u8c15\u4ee4\u4fbf\u5f62\u540c\u865a\u8bbe\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u53d1\u5f80\u5168\u56fd\u7684\u8c15\u4ee4\u53ca\u5bf9\u8c15\u4ee4\u5f97\u4e0d\u5230\u9075\u5b88\u7684\u62b1\u6028\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8bc1\u636e\u8bc1\u660e\u901a\u8fc7\u7acb\u6cd5\u7981\u6b62\u5de5\u8d44\u589e\u957f\u662f\u5f92\u52b3\u7684\u3002\u7231\u5fb7\u534e\u4e09\u4e16\u56e0\u8003\u8651\u5230\u201c\u53d7\u761f\u75ab\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u539f\u56e0\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u4e61\u6751\u5df2\u7ecf\u9677\u5165\u8d64\u8d2b\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u4e61\u6751\u5219\u5b8c\u5168\u8352\u829c\u201d\u800c\u7279\u522b\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u52b3\u5de5\u7684\u62a5\u916c\u662f\u8fd1\u4e09\u4e2a\u6708\u652f\u4ed8\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u56e0\u591a\u7d22\u5de5\u94b1\u8ba9\u96c7\u5de5\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u6240\u4ea4\u7684\u7f5a\u6b3e\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u56e0\u591a\u4ed8\u5de5\u94b1\u8ba9\u96c7\u4e3b\u6240\u4ea4\u7684\u7f5a\u6b3e\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5145\u4f5c\u5e94\u7f34\u7684\u4ec0\u4e00\u7a0e\u6216\u5341\u4e94\u53d6\u4e00\u7a0e [7] \u3002\u5949\u547d\u5f81\u7a0e\u7684\u5b98\u5458\u5411\u7231\u5fb7\u534e\u4e09\u4e16\u9648\u60c5\u9053\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u201c\u6536\u4e0d\u4e0a\u6765\u8fd9\u79cd\u7f5a\u6b3e\u201d [8] \u3002\u5b9e\u60c5\u597d\u50cf\u662f\uff0c\u96c7\u4e3b\u4eec\u5e38\u8bf4\u8981\u652f\u4ed8\u8d85\u51fa\u5f80\u5e38\u7684\u5de5\u8d44\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u56e0\u6ca1\u94b1\u5411\u56fd\u738b\u7f34\u7a0e\u800c\u627e\u7406\u7531\u3002\u7231\u5fb7\u534e\u4e09\u4e16\u53d1\u5e03\u8c15\u4ee4\u9650\u5236\u5de5\u8d44\u589e\u957f\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5f81\u7a0e\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u7167\u987e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5bcc\u8d35\u4eba\u5bb6\u7684\u6536\u76ca\u3002\u4f46\u4e8b\u5b9e\u5f88\u5feb\u5c31\u8ba9\u7231\u5fb7\u534e\u4e09\u4e16\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\uff0c\u201c\u5de5\u4eba\u3001\u4ec6\u4eba\u548c\u52b3\u5de5\u516c\u7136\u6f20\u89c6\u8c15\u4ee4\u201d\u5bf9\u5de5\u8d44\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u7d22\u6c42\u540c\u761f\u75ab\u65f6\u671f\u53ca\u761f\u75ab\u8fc7\u540e\u4e00\u6837\u9ad8\u751a\u81f3\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u62a5\u916c\u3002\u7231\u5fb7\u534e\u4e09\u4e16\u547d\u4ee4\u6cd5\u5b98\u5c06\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e0d\u9075\u5b88\u9650\u5236\u5de5\u8d44\u8c15\u4ee4\u7684\u4eba\u6295\u5165\u76d1\u72f1\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u975e\u4f46\u65e0\u6d4e\u4e8e\u4e8b\uff0c\u53cd\u5012\u52a0\u5267\u4e86\u4e8b\u6001\u3002\u90a3\u4e9b\u6267\u884c\u8c15\u4ee4\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u5f88\u5feb\u9677\u5165\u8d2b\u56f0\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u80fd\u52b3\u52a8\u7684\u4eba\u4ee5\u53ca\u90a3\u4e9b\u6562\u4e8e\u4ee5\u5e02\u573a\u4ef7\u5411\u52b3\u5de5\u652f\u4ed8\u62a5\u916c\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u88ab\u5173\u8fdb\u4e86\u76d1\u72f1 [9] \u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u4ea8\u5229\u00b7\u5948\u987f\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u63cf\u8ff0\u5f53\u65f6\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\uff1a\u201c\u56fd\u738b\u8c15\u4ee4\u8bf8\u90e1\uff0c\u6536\u5272\u5de5\u4eba\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u5de5\u4eba\u4e0d\u80fd\u7d22\u8981\u9ad8\u4e8e\u4ee5\u5f80\u7684\u5de5\u8d44\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4f9d\u5f8b\u8bba\u5904\u3002\u4f46\u5de5\u4eba\u4eec\u6625\u98ce\u5f97\u610f\uff0c\u6597\u5fd7\u65fa\u76db\uff0c\u5bf9\u56fd\u738b\u7684\u8c15\u4ee4\u4e0d\u95fb\u4e0d\u95ee\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6709\u4eba\u60f3\u96c7\u52b3\u5de5\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u6309\u7167\u52b3\u5de5\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u4ed8\u62a5\u916c\u3002\u96c7\u4e3b\u8981\u4e48\u4e0d\u7ba1\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6536\u6210\uff0c\u8ba9\u5e84\u7a3c\u4e22\u5728\u5730\u91cc\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u5411\u52b3\u5de5\u5c48\u670d\uff0c\u6ee1\u8db3\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u50b2\u800c\u8d2a\u5a6a\u7684\u8981\u6c42<\/strong>\u3002\u56fd\u738b\u83b7\u6089\u540e\uff0c\u5c31\u5bf9\u5927\u5927\u5c0f\u5c0f\u7684\u4fee\u9053\u9662\u9662\u957f\u3001\u9886\u4e3b\u4e0e\u5e84\u56ed\u4e3b\u7f5a\u4ee5\u91cd\u91d1\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fdd\u53cd\u56fd\u738b\u7684\u8c15\u4ee4\uff0c\u5411\u5de5\u4eba\u4eec\u53d1\u4e86\u9ad8\u5de5\u8d44\u3002\u6839\u636e\u6bcf\u4eba\u7f34\u7eb3\u7f5a\u6b3e\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u88ab\u7f5a\u4e00\u767e\u5148\u4ee4\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u88ab\u7f5a\u56db\u5341\u5148\u4ee4\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u7684\u88ab\u7f5a\u4e8c\u5341\u5148\u4ee4\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u5f81\u6536\u5341\u4e94\u53d6\u4e00\u7a0e\u5916\uff0c\u6bcf\u5361\u52d2\u51ef\u7279\u571f\u5730\u56fd\u738b\u8fd8\u5f81\u6536\u4e8c\u5341\u5148\u4ee4\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201c\u8bb8\u591a\u5de5\u4eba\u88ab\u902e\u6355\u5165\u72f1\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u5de5\u4eba\u9003\u8131\u4e86\uff0c\u5728\u68ee\u6797\u91cc\u8eb2\u4e86\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u90a3\u4e9b\u88ab\u6355\u7684\u4eba\u88ab\u7f5a\u4e86\u91cd\u91d1\u3002\u4e0d\u5c11\u4eba\u88ab\u8feb\u5ba3\u8a93\uff0c\u79f0\u4e0d\u4f1a\u62ff\u6bd4\u9ad8\u4e8e\u60ef\u4f8b\u7684\u65e5\u85aa\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u88ab\u653e\u4e86\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u56fd\u738b\u8fd8\u4ee5\u540c\u6837\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u60e9\u7f5a\u4e86\u57ce\u9547\u91cc\u7684\u5de5\u5320\u3002\u201d [10]<\/p>\n

\u4e0a\u6587\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86\u761f\u75ab\u540e\u52b3\u5de5\u7f3a\u4e4f\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u770b\u7f57\u5207\u65af\u7279\u90e1\u5a01\u5ec9\u00b7\u8fea\u6069\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\uff0c\u201c\u5404\u884c\u5404\u4e1a\u7684\u52b3\u5de5\u90fd\u975e\u5e38\u7f3a\u4e4f\uff0c\u5168\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u6709\u4e09\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u571f\u5730\u65e0\u4eba\u8015\u79cd\u3002\u52b3\u5de5\u53ca\u719f\u7ec3\u5de5\u4eba\u975e\u5e38\u96be\u4ee5\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u662f\u56fd\u738b\u3001\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3001\u6cd5\u5b98\u3001\u6267\u6cd5\u8005\u4e5f\u65e0\u6cd5\u60e9\u7f5a\u4ed6\u4eec\u3002\u201d [11] \u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u516c\u6587\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u73b0\u8bb8\u591a\u5b9e\u4f8b\u3002\u52b3\u5de5\u4eec\u8054\u5408\u8d77\u6765\u62d2\u7edd\u63a5\u53d7\u761f\u75ab\u524d\u7684\u5de5\u8d44\u60ef\u4f8b\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u5de5\u8d44\u3002\u761f\u75ab\u4f7f\u5e78\u5b58\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u52b3\u5de5\u6108\u52a0\u7a00\u7f3a\u3002\u7528\u5f53\u65f6\u6cd5\u4ee4\u4e2d\u7684\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u52b3\u5de5\u4eec\u8054\u5408\u8d77\u6765\u8981\u6c42\u63d0\u5de5\u8d44\u662f\u201c\u6076\u8c0b\u201d\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u761f\u75ab\u4e2d\u52ab\u540e\u4f59\u751f\u7684\u4f43\u519c\u4eec\u62d2\u7edd\u6309\u7167\u539f\u6765\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u652f\u4ed8\u5730\u79df\uff0c\u5e76\u5a01\u80c1\u9886\u4e3b\u8bf4\u5982\u679c\u5730\u79df\u6ca1\u6709\u5b9e\u8d28\u6027\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c06\u79bb\u5f00\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5982\u4e0a\u9762\u5df2\u7ecf\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u9886\u4e3b\u51cf\u514d\u4e86\u4f43\u519c\u4e09\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u7684\u5730\u79df\uff0c\u201c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u51cf\u5c11\u5730\u79df\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u4f43\u519c\u5c31\u8d70\u4e86\uff0c\u571f\u5730\u7b49\u4fbf\u65e0\u4eba\u7ba1\u7406\u4e86\u201d [12] \u3002<\/p>\n

\u968f\u7740\u4f43\u519c\u53ca\u52b3\u5de5\u7eb7\u7eb7\u8981\u6c42\u589e\u52a0\u5de5\u8d44\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u7acb\u6cd5\u673a\u5173\u65e0\u6cd5\u59a5\u5584\u5904\u7406\u5e78\u5b58\u52b3\u5de5\u7684\u201c\u7f62\u5de5\u201d\u5a01\u80c1\uff0c\u9886\u4e3b\u4eec\u5f88\u5feb\u4fbf\u5bf9\u9886\u4e3b\u63d0\u4f9b\u519c\u5177\u3001\u7ba1\u5bb6\u8fdb\u884c\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u519c\u4e1a\u5236\u5ea6\u7edd\u671b\u4e86\u3002\u7d22\u7f57\u5c14\u5fb7\u00b7\u7f57\u6770\u65af\u6559\u6388\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u201c\u761f\u75ab\u8fc7\u540e\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u9760\u7ba1\u5bb6\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u519c\u4e1a\u5236\u5ea6\u5f88\u5feb\u4fbf\u7ef4\u6301\u4e0d\u4e0b\u53bb\u4e86\uff0c\u53d6\u800c\u4ee3\u4e4b\u7684\u662f\u571f\u5730\u79df\u8d41\u5236\u5ea6\u201d\u3002\u8d77\u521d\uff0c\u4f43\u519c\u4eec\u60f3\u5728\u571f\u5730\u4e0a\u5e72\u6d3b\uff0c\u4f46\u8d44\u91d1\u4e0a\u6709\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u4fbf\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u571f\u5730\u6240\u6709\u8005\u4e3a\u4f43\u519c\u63d0\u4f9b\u7272\u53e3\u53ca\u79cd\u5b50\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5236\u5ea6\u4e00\u76f4\u6301\u7eed\u523014\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4e00\u822c\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u571f\u5730\u79df\u8d41\u65b9\u5f0f\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u571f\u5730\u6240\u6709\u6743\u662f\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u571f\u5730\u79df\u8d41\u5f62\u5f0f\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u9886\u4e3b\u5c1d\u8bd5\u7740\u7ef4\u6301\u65e7\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u5e76\u591a\u591a\u5c11\u5c11\u6709\u70b9\u513f\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u53ea\u662f\u4f8b\u5916\u3002\u523015\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\uff0c\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u571f\u5730\u6240\u6709\u6743\u5236\u5ea6\u5f7b\u5e95\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a1349\u5e74\u5927\u761f\u75ab\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5e78\u5b58\u52b3\u5de5\u4e2d\u95f4\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u201c\u5de5\u4f1a\u201d\u53d1\u6325\u4e86\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u53cd\u5bf9\u5de5\u4f1a\u7684\u6cd5\u4ee4\u5c06\u201c\u5de5\u4f1a\u201d\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u201c\u540c\u76df\u3001\u540c\u8c0b\u3001\u96c6\u4f1a\u8005\u3001\u4f1a\u4f17\u3001\u7f14\u7ea6\u8005\u548c\u76df\u8a93\u8005\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u52b3\u5de5\u4e0e\u4f43\u519c\u5f88\u5feb\u5c31\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u5f3a\u5927\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u4e0e\u9886\u4e3b\u7684\u8f83\u91cf\u4e2d\u5360\u4e86\u4e0a\u98ce\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5728\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\u4e2d\uff0c\u9886\u4e3b\u7aed\u529b\u7ef4\u6301\u7740\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u519c\u5974\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e0d\u8ba9\u5176\u8986\u706d\uff0c\u4f46\u81ea\u5927\u761f\u75ab\u90a3\u4e00\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u519c\u5974\u5236\u8986\u706d\u7684\u547d\u8fd0\u4fbf\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u3002<\/strong>1381\u5e74\u7684\u519c\u6c11\u8d77\u4e49 [13] \u540e\uff0c\u52b3\u5de5\u4e0e\u4f43\u519c\u6700\u7ec8\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u5b9e\u9645\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u89e3\u653e\u3002\u4f46\u5373\u4fbf\u5230\u4e86\u6700\u540e\u5173\u5934\uff0c\u62e5\u6709\u571f\u5730\u7684\u9636\u5c42\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u4ecd\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u706b\u70e7\u7709\u6bdb\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u832b\u7136\u65e0\u77e5\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u575a\u6301\u6309\u7167\u65e7\u6807\u51c6\u5411\u5728\u5e84\u56ed\u91cc\u52b3\u4f5c\u7684\u4f43\u519c\u7d22\u8981\u5730\u79df\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u575a\u6301\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u6536\u79df\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u5ef6\u7eed\u539f\u6765\u4f43\u519c\u4f9d\u9644\u9886\u4e3b\u571f\u5730\u7684\u519c\u5974\u5236\u5ea6\u3002\u5373\u4fbf\u662f\u8bae\u4f1a\uff0c\u5728\u5a01\u80c1\u65e7\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u5371\u9669\u56e0\u7d20\u9762\u524d\u4e5f\u662f\u4e0d\u77e5\u6240\u63aa\u3002\u4f46\u53ea\u8981\u8bfb\u4e00\u8bfb\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u5e03\u9053\u8bcd\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u4f1a\u770b\u5230\u5723\u804c\u4eba\u5458\u5b8c\u5168\u7ad9\u5728\u51b3\u5fc3\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5f53\u4ee3\u53ca\u540e\u4ee3\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u666e\u901a\u5927\u4f17\u4e00\u8fb9\u3002\u7406\u67e5\u4e8c\u4e16 [14] \u5728\u4f4d\u7b2c\u4e00\u5e74\u65f6\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u4e00\u9879\u6cd5\u6848\uff0c\u5176\u524d\u8a00\u4e2d\u5199\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u7ef4\u5170\u4eec\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u52bf\u529b\u7684\u652f\u6301\u4e0e\u6559\u5506\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u5411\u9886\u4e3b\u4ea4\u79df\u7a0e\u3001\u670d\u52b3\u5f79\u3002\u90a3\u4e9b\u5305\u63fd\u8bcd\u8bbc\u7684\u4eba\u3001\u6559\u5506\u72af [15] \u5f97\u4e86\u7ef4\u5170\u53ca\u4f43\u519c\u7684\u597d\u5904\uff0c\u575a\u6301\u300a\u672b\u65e5\u5ba1\u5224\u4e66\u300b [16] \u4e2d\u7684\u5148\u4f8b\uff0c\u544a\u8bc9\u7ef4\u5170\u4e0e\u4f43\u519c\uff0c\u8bf4\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u7528\u518d\u627f\u62c5\u8d4b\u7a0e\u52b3\u5f79\uff0c\u4e0d\u7528\u518d\u5fcd\u53d7\u8d2b\u56f0\u3002\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u7ef4\u5170\u4eec\u805a\u96c6\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u53ea\u8981\u4ed6\u4eec\u56e2\u7ed3\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u6b66\u529b\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u6297\u8861\u9886\u4e3b\u3002\u201d\u8fd9\u7bc7\u524d\u8a00\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u4fbf\u662f\u5723\u804c\u4eba\u5458\u5bf9\u52b3\u5de5\u4eec\u7684\u9f13\u52b1\u53ca\u5efa\u8bae\u3002<\/p>\n

\u571f\u5730\u6240\u6709\u6743\u7684\u53d8\u5316<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u201c\u5730\u4e3b\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u6309\u7167\u73b0\u4ee3\u5b9a\u4e49\u6765\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u201c\u5730\u4e3b\u201d\u4fbf\u662f\u571f\u5730\u7684\u201c\u4e3b\u4eba\u201d\u3002\u6839\u636e\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u4e60\u4fd7\u53ca\u571f\u5730\u6240\u6709\u6743\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u62e5\u6709\u571f\u5730\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u571f\u5730\u6240\u6709\u6743\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u67d0\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u73b0\u5728\u901a\u884c\u7684\u571f\u5730\u6240\u6709\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6587\u5316\u9886\u57df\u7684\u53d8\u9769<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u56e0\u4e3a\u761f\u75ab\u5b9e\u5728\u592a\u4e25\u91cd\u4e86\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u5730\u5f71\u54cd\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u827a\u672f\u4ee5\u53ca\u5efa\u7b51\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u6682\u65f6\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u6559\u5b66\u5916\uff0c\u300a\u4ec0\u9c81\u65af\u4f2f\u91cc\u53f2\u300b\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u4eec\u5199\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u53d1\u5c55\u53f2\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u573a\u761f\u75ab\u4e5f\u5360\u6709\u4e00\u5e2d\u4e4b\u5730\u3002\u81ea\u8bfa\u66fc\u5f81\u670d [17] \u5230\u761f\u75ab\u7206\u53d1\u524d\uff0c\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u7684\u8d35\u65cf\u53ca\u7ec5\u58eb\u90fd\u4e60\u60ef\u8bf4\u6cd5\u8bed\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5c0f\u5b69\u5b50\u90fd\u5b66\u6cd5\u8bed\u3002\u81f3\u5c11\uff0c\u96f7\u7eb3\u592b\u00b7\u5e0c\u683c\u767b [18] \u5728\u300a\u5386\u4ee3\u8bb0\u300b\u4e2d\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u8bb0\u8f7d\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u4ece\u2018\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u761f\u75ab\u2019\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u300a\u5386\u4ee3\u8bb0\u300b\u7684\u8bd1\u8005\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u7279\u91cc\u7ef4\u8428 [19] \u6240\u8a00\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4fbf\u2018\u6709\u4e86\u4e9b\u8bb8\u6539\u53d8\u2019\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u53eb\u5eb7\u6c83\u5c14\u7684\u6821\u957f\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u82f1\u8bed\u6765\u6559\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u3002\u5f88\u5feb\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u7eb7\u7eb7\u5b66\u4e60\u5eb7\u6c83\u5c14\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u3002\u5230\u4e861385\u5e74\uff0c\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u7279\u91cc\u7ef4\u8428\u8bb0\u8f7d\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u505a\u6cd5\u5df2\u7ecf\u975e\u5e38\u666e\u904d\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\uff0c\u5728\u6240\u6709\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e2d\uff0c\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u4e3b\u8981\u7531\u6559\u4f1a\u4eba\u58eb\u65bd\u6559\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u8fd9\u573a\u5929\u707e\u593a\u53bb\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u6559\u4f1a\u4eba\u58eb\u7684\u751f\u547d\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5eb7\u6c83\u5c14\u6821\u957f\u624d\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u53d8\u9769\u6559\u5b66\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u8981\u4e0d\u662f\u95f9\u761f\u75ab\uff0c\u4ed6\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6709\u8fd9\u79cd\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u53d8\u9769\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u82f1\u56fd\u6587\u5b66\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u9769\u547d\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e00\u4f4d\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u7684\u8bdd\u6765\u4e3a\u761f\u75ab\u9020\u6210\u7684\u5371\u5bb3\u4f5c\u7ed3\u3002\u5a01\u5ec9\u00b7\u574e\u5b81\u5b89\u535a\u58eb\u5199\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u4e0b\u9762\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u5b83\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u300212\u300113\u4e16\u7eaa\u7a33\u6b65\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u523014\u4e16\u7eaa\u7a81\u7136\u505c\u6ede\u4e0d\u524d\u4e86\u3002\u52a0\u4e0a\u767e\u5e74\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u91cd\u8d1f\uff0c\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u51e0\u4e4e\u88ab\u538b\u57ae\u4e86\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u9ed1\u6b7b\u75c5\u593a\u8d70\u4e86\u4e00\u534a\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\uff0c\u5e76\u91cd\u6784\u4e86\u6574\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u4e5f\u5fc5\u987b\u54ac\u7259\u575a\u6301\u3002\u201d <\/strong>[46]<\/p>\n

\u7814\u7a76\u9ed1\u6b7b\u75c5\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5f88\u96be\u5f7b\u5e95\u641e\u6e05\u695a\u5b83\u6ce2\u53ca\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u53ca\u5176\u6240\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u65ad\u88c2\u7ed9\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u9020\u6210\u591a\u4e48\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u30021349\u5e74\u7684\u761f\u75ab\u6467\u6bc1\u4e86\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u91cd\u7533\u3001\u53cd\u590d\u5730\u601d\u8003\u8fd9\u4e00\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u624d\u80fd\u6162\u6162\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u573a\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u5b97\u6559\u707e\u96be\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u3002\u4f46\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u6df1\u5165\u4e86\u89e3\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u5b97\u6559\u91cd\u6784\u7684\u4f1f\u5927\u8fc7\u7a0b\u2014\u2014\u6211\u4eec\u4e0b\u4e00\u4ee3\u4eba\u9a6c\u4e0a\u8981\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u9762\u4e34\u4e00\u573a\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u91cd\u6784\u4e86\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u9996\u5148\u5c31\u8981\u5168\u9762\u5730\u8ba4\u8bc6\u9ed1\u6b7b\u75c5\u3002\u9ed1\u6b7b\u75c5\u662f\u4e00\u573a\u60b2\u5267\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ec5\u4ec5\u62a5\u4ee5\u54c0\u75db\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u51ed\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6216\u611f\u60c5\u8fdb\u884c\u793e\u4f1a\u91cd\u6784\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6b63\u5982\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u5a01\u514b\u5229\u592b\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u52a0\u91cd\u7f6a\u6076\u3002\u793e\u4f1a\u91cd\u6784\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u573a\u91cd\u8981\u673a\u9047\uff0c\u79bb\u4e0d\u5f00\u5404\u884c\u5404\u4e1a\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u8270\u82e6\u52aa\u529b\u548c\u4e0d\u61c8\u8ffd\u6c42\u3002\u6b64\u5904\u4ec5\u4ec5\u5c55\u73b0\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u70b9\uff0c\u7528\u5df2\u6545\u7231\u5fb7\u534e\u00b7\u5965\u53e4\u65af\u56fe\u65af\u00b7\u5f17\u91cc\u66fc[47] \u6559\u6388\u7684\u8bdd\u8bf4\u4fbf\u662f\uff0c\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u4f1f\u5927\u4e4b\u5904\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u5904\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u8bf8\u4e8b\u6613\u6210\uff0c\u4f46\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\u5374\u82e6\u4e8e\u5e94\u4ed8\u7269\u8d28\u4e0a\u7684\u79cd\u79cd\u56f0\u96be\u3002\u5f53\u4eca\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u6ca1\u6709\u5145\u6ee1\u751f\u673a\uff0c\u53d8\u5f97\u5305\u5bb9\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u9677\u5165\u4e86\u60b2\u89c2\u3002\u4f46\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u65f6\uff0c\u56f0\u96be\u53ea\u4f1a\u8ba9\u4eba\u6108\u632b\u6108\u52c7\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u76f4\u9762\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u514b\u670d\u56f0\u96be\u3002\u90a3\u53e5\u8001\u751f\u5e38\u8c08\u7684\u3001\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u8bb2\u5e76\u4e0d\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u77ed\u8bed\u201c\u4fe1\u4ef0\u65f6\u4ee3\u201d\uff0c\u6b63\u53ef\u7528\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u80fd\u6bd4\u60b2\u89c2\u66f4\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u6211\u4eec\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u548c\u5fc3\u7075\u7684\u57fa\u8c03\u4e86\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u80fd\u6bd4\u5e0c\u671b\u66f4\u7b26\u5408\u6211\u4eec\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u548c\u5fc3\u7075\u7684\u57fa\u8c03\u4e86\u3002\u4e00\u4f4d\u77e5\u540d\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u4f5c\u5bb6\u5728\u89c2\u7814\u827a\u672f\u4f5c\u54c1\u65f6\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u8ba4\u6e05\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u9762\u76ee\uff0c\u5728\u7f8a\u76ae\u7eb8\u6216\u6cb9\u753b\u5e03\u4e0a\u4f5c\u753b\u65f6\uff0c\u5e38\u753b\u4e0d\u51fa\u6240\u753b\u4e4b\u7269\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u5f62\u72b6\u3002\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u4ed6\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u8fd9\u4e9b\u753b\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u6240\u5728\u3002\u786e\u5b9e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u753b\u5b58\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7f3a\u9677\uff0c\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5b83\u4eec\u5bf9\u5b8c\u5168\u7684\u5199\u5b9e\u98ce\u683c\u5374\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u77eb\u6b63\u6216\u8865\u5145\u3002\u653e\u773c\u672a\u6765\uff0c\u5bf9\u827a\u672f\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u4ee5\u53ca\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e0d\u61c8\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u573a\u901a\u5e38\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u201c\u9ed1\u6b7b\u75c5\u201d\u7684\u5927\u761f\u75ab\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u573a\u7a81\u5982\u5176\u6765\u7684\u707e\u96be\uff0c\u5176\u52bf\u5982\u6e83\u5824\u4e4b\u6c34\uff0c\u4ee4\u201c\u540c\u7c7b\u201d\u96be\u4ee5\u671b\u5176\u9879\u80cc\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u573a\u707e\u96be\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u9ad8\u8d35\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u5c06\u5f97\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0;\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u573a\u707e\u96be\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u777f\u667a\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\u5c06\u5f97\u4ee5\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u60f3\u6cd5\u3001\u7406\u5ff5\u539f\u672c\u80fd\u7ed9\u4eba\u7c7b\u5e26\u6765\u4e30\u7855\u7684\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u56e0\u9ed1\u6b7b\u75c5\u800c\u53d7\u91cd\u521b\uff0c\u4e00\u8e76\u4e0d\u632f\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u628a\u65f6\u95f4\u6d6a\u8d39\u5728\u65e0\u8c13\u7684\u60b2\u75db\u4e0a\u3002\u901d\u8005\u5df2\u77e3!\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u52aa\u529b\u594b\u8fdb\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5728\u9ed1\u6b7b\u75c5\u4e2d\u5e78\u5b58\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

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