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\u4e0a\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u8fd9\u4f4d\u6559\u6388\u662f\u8036\u9c81\u5927\u5b66\u8bfb\u7f8e\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u535a\u58eb\u51fa\u8eab\uff0c\u4eb2\u5386\u8fd9\u79cd\u4eba\u6587\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u6ca1\u843d\uff0c\u4e0d\u7981\u75db\u5fc3\u75be\u9996\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6bcd\u6821\u5bfb\u6c42\u652f\u6301\u529b\u91cf\u3002\u4ed6\u91c7\u8bbf\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u6210\u529f\u7684\u8036\u9c81\u6bd5\u4e1a\u751f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u6350\u7684\u94b1\u5e38\u5e38\u6bd4\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6559\u6388\u4e00\u8f88\u5b50\u7684\u7d2f\u8ba1\u5de5\u8d44\u8fd8\u591a\u3002\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u5927\u5b66\u672c\u79d1\u65f6\uff0c\u8bfb\u7684\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u4eba\u6587\u5b66\u79d1\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u73b0\u5728\u4e5f\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u4e13\u4e1a\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u65e5\u540e\u6210\u529f\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u5e76\u975e\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b66\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u4eba\u4e0d\u7518\u5fc3\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e13\u4e1a\u4e0d\u70ed\u95e8\u800c\u6545\u610f\u5236\u9020\u7684\u5ba3\u4f20\u653b\u52bf\u3002\u4f17\u6240\u5468\u77e5\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u7cbe\u82f1\u5927\u5b66\uff0c\u6bd5\u4e1a\u751f\u603b\u662f\u6700\u6210\u529f\u7684\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u5927\u5b66\u5c31\u8be5\u91cd\u65b0\u6392\u540d\u4e86\u3002\u4f60\u4ed4\u7ec6\u4e00\u8c03\u67e5\u5c31\u660e\u767d\uff0c\u8d8a\u662f\u7cbe\u82f1\u7684\u5927\u5b66\uff0c\u90a3\u91cc\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u5c31\u8d8a\u52a1\u865a\u4e0d\u52a1\u5b9e\uff0c\u4eba\u6587\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u9999\u706b\u5c31\u8d8a\u76db\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4ee5\u8036\u9c81\u5927\u5b66\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb25\u5e74\u91cc\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u5934\u53f7\u70ed\u95e8\u4e13\u4e1a\u3002\u5386\u53f2\u4e13\u4e1a\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u5360\u672c\u79d1\u751f\u768413%\u523015%\u3002\u53f2\u666f\u8fc1\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u53f2\u8bfe\u5e74\u5e74\u51e0\u767e\u4eba\u4e0a\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u4e86\u4f20\u5947\u3002\u82f1\u8bed\u4e13\u4e1a\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u56db\u5927\u70ed\u95e8\u4e13\u4e1a\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u572890\u5e74\u4ee3\u524d\u534a\u671f\u8fd8\u662f\u7b2c\u4e8c\u70ed\u95e8\u7684\u4e13\u4e1a\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u624d\u88ab\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u8d85\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u53f2\u666f\u8fc1<\/p>\n

\u800c\u8036\u9c81\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\uff0c\u662f\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7406\u8bba\u5316\u7684\u4eba\u6587\u5b66\u79d1\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u5b9e\u7528\u5b66\u79d1\u3002\u8036\u9c81\u6839\u672c\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u5b9e\u7528\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e(\u5373\u5546\u52a1)\u672c\u79d1\u4e13\u4e1a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66\u524d\u56db\u5927\u70ed\u95e8\u4e13\u4e1a\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c\u9009\u5386\u53f2\u3001\u82f1\u8bed\u548c\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u6700\u8fd1\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u4e0a\u5347\uff0c\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e86\u82f1\u8bed\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u6700\u70ed\u95e8\u7684\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u3002\u4f20\u7edf\u4e0a\uff0c46%\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u8fd9\u4e94\u5927\u4e13\u4e1a\u3002\u6700\u8fd1\u5b66\u6821\u52aa\u529b\u63a8\u884c\u4e13\u4e1a\u591a\u5143\u5316\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u521d\u89c1\u6210\u6548\u3002<\/p>\n

2005\u5e74\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u4eba\u6587\u5b66\u79d1\u4e13\u4e1a\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u4e0a\u6da8\u4e8615%\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u4e0a\u6da8\u4e867%\u3002\u5b66\u751f\u4eba\u6570\u4e0a\u6da8\u7387\u6700\u5feb\u7684\u5168\u662f\u4eba\u6587\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u5c0f\u7cfb\uff0c\u4f9d\u6b21\u4e3a\uff1a\u7814\u7a76\u53e4\u5e0c\u814a\u7f57\u9a6c\u7684\u53e4\u5178\u7cfb(100%)\uff0c\u97f3\u4e50\u7cfb(100%)\uff0c\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u8bed\u8a00\u4e0e\u6587\u5b66\u7cfb(60%)\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f83\u6587\u5b66\u7cfb(57%)\uff0c\u5b97\u6559\u7cfb(52%)\u3002<\/p>\n

\u540c\u65f6\u827a\u672f\u4e0e\u8003\u53e4\u3001\u6cd5\u6587\u3001\u610f\u5927\u5229\u6587\u3001\u5fb7\u6587\u7b49\u7cfb\uff0c\u5b66\u751f\u4eba\u6570\u4e5f\u660e\u663e\u4e0a\u6da8\u3002\u603b\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\u663e\u7136\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u5927\u5b66\u6b63\u597d\u76f8\u53cd\uff1a\u4eba\u6587\u5b66\u79d1\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u70ed\u3002<\/p>\n

\u89e3\u91ca\u8fd9\u4e00\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u8fd8\u8981\u8bc9\u8bf8\u6211\u4eec\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u5e38\u8bc6\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7cbe\u82f1\u5927\u5b66\uff0c\u57f9\u517b\u7684\u662f\u672a\u6765\u7684\u9886\u8896\u3002\u5f53\u9886\u8896\uff0c\u8981\u628a\u63e1\u5927\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u5176\u5173\u6000\u548c\u8bad\u7ec3\u5f53\u7136\u5fc5\u987b\u5b8f\u89c2\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e00\u5929\u5230\u665a\u5750\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u6570\u94b1\u7b97\u8d26\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7cbe\u82f1\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u80cc\u666f\u770b\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5b66\u751f\u51fa\u8eab\u4e8e\u4e2d\u9ad8\u4ea7\u9636\u5c42\uff0c\u7236\u6bcd\u53d7\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u5f88\u9ad8\uff0c\u5bf9\u5927\u5b66\u6709\u5145\u5206\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u9f13\u52b1\u5b69\u5b50\u8ffd\u6c42\u81ea\u5df1\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002\u4e0a\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u662f\u53d1\u73b0\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u53cd\u7701\u4eba\u7c7b\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u5927\u5b66\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7cbe\u795e\u7ecf\u5386\u3002\u5ea6\u8fc7\u4e86\u8fd9\u68374\u5e74\u7684\u4eba\u751f\uff0c\u518d\u60f3\u5b9e\u9645\u95ee\u9898\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8fdf\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u666e\u901a\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u5927\u5b66\u751f\uff0c\u5219\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u756a\u5149\u666f\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u6765\u81ea\u52b3\u52a8\u9636\u5c42\u5bb6\u5ead\uff0c\u5e38\u5e38\u662f\u5bb6\u91cc\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u8005\u7b2c\u4e00\u4ee3\u5927\u5b66\u751f\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7236\u6bcd\u6ca1\u6709\u53d7\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u53cd\u667a\u4e3b\u4e49\u60c5\u7ed3\u751a\u91cd\uff0c\u89c9\u5f97\u5927\u5b66\u603b\u662f\u6559\u4e00\u4e9b\u8bfb\u4e66\u4eba\u624d\u559c\u6b22\u7684\u6ca1\u6709\u7528\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u53ef\u60dc\uff0c\u5982\u4eca\u7684\u5927\u6f6e\u6d41\u662f\u84dd\u9886\u5de5\u4f5c\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5c11\uff0c\u8fde\u62db\u8b66\u5bdf\u4e5f\u5f00\u59cb\u8981\u5927\u5b66\u6bd5\u4e1a\u751f\u3002\u4e0d\u4e0a\u5927\u5b66\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u51fa\u8def\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5b50\u5f1f\u52c9\u4e3a\u5176\u96be\uff0c\u8fdb\u5927\u5b66\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u627e\u996d\u7897\u3002\u5927\u5b66\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5c31\u662f\u4e2a\u804c\u4e1a\u57f9\u8bad\u73ed\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e00\u5e74\u82b1\u51e0\u4e07\u5757\u9001\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u8bfb\u4ec0\u4e48\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u80af\u5b9a\u89c9\u5f97\u4f60\u6709\u75c5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5176\u5b9e\uff0c\u52b3\u52a8\u9636\u5c42\u7684\u5b50\u5f1f\u5e76\u975e\u4e00\u5b9a\u4e0d\u559c\u6b22\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u3002\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u4eca\u5927\u5b66\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5e02\u573a\u5316\u3002\u5b66\u8d39\u6da8\u5f97\u5947\u9ad8\uff0c\u5b66\u751f\u548c\u5b66\u751f\u5bb6\u957f\u6210\u4e86\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u3002\u4e00\u5e74\u51e0\u4e07\u5757\u82b1\u51fa\u53bb\uff0c\u6784\u6210\u5168\u5bb6\u6700\u5927\u7684\u5f00\u9500\u3002\u8fd9\u94b1\u82b1\u5f97\u503c\u4e0d\u503c?\u4e8e\u662f\u6709\u4e86\u4e2a\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u6743\u5229\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u6bcf\u5e74\u65b0\u751f\u4e00\u5165\u5b66\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u5bb6\u957f\u6bd4\u5b66\u751f\u8fd8\u591a\u3002\u548c\u6559\u6388\u3001\u6821\u65b9\u4ea4\u6d89\u7684\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u90fd\u662f\u5bb6\u957f\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ece\u9009\u62e9\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u5bbf\u820d\u3001\u8bfe\u5916\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u5b89\u6392\u5230\u6240\u5b66\u7684\u4e13\u4e1a\uff0c\u4e8b\u65e0\u5de8\u7ec6\uff0c\u5168\u8981\u548c\u5b66\u6821\u8ba8\u4ef7\u8fd8\u4ef7\u3001\u7ed9\u5b69\u5b50\u51b3\u5b9a\u597d\uff0c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u81ea\u5df1\u82b1\u7684\u94b1\u4e0d\u51a4\u6789\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5904\u5728\u9752\u6625\u671f\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u68a6\u60f3\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u5229\u7528\u5927\u5b66\u65f6\u671f\u63a2\u6c42\u4eba\u751f\u3001\u4e86\u89e3\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u529e\u6cd5\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u9009\u62e9\u90fd\u7531\u5bb6\u957f\u4ee3\u52b3\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7ed3\u679c\u4e5f\u53ef\u60f3\u800c\u77e5\u3002\u90a3\u4e9b\u52a1\u865a\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u51e0\u4e4e\u80af\u5b9a\u4f1a\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u8fd9\u4e00\u4ee3\u4eba\u7684\u9886\u8896;\u90a3\u4e9b\u52a1\u5b9e\u7684\u5b66\u751f\uff0c\u8fd8\u548c\u7236\u8f88\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\uff0c\u5356\u529b\u6c14\u4e3a\u751f\uff0c\u7b49\u7740\u4eba\u5bb6\u7ed9\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u4f55\u4ee5\u5982\u6b64?\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u7cbe\u82f1\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u667a\u5546\u9ad8\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u7cfb\u4e5f\u591a\uff0c\u5b66\u4ec0\u4e48\u90fd\u4f1a\u6210\u529f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u4e09\u3001\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\u57f9\u517b\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u4eba<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4f46\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5728\u8fd9\u7fa4\u4eba\u91cc\uff0c\u5f7c\u6b64\u7ade\u4e89\u65f6\u4e5f\u8981\u4e89\u5148\u6050\u540e\u5730\u52a1\u865a\u4e0d\u52a1\u5b9e\u5462?\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u4eba\u6587\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u5bf9\u4eba\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u6210\u529f\u8fd8\u662f\u6709\u5173\u952e\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u524d\u8ff0\u90a3\u4f4d\u8036\u9c81\u6bd5\u4e1a\u7684\u6559\u6388\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6821\u53cb\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u8bbf\u8c08\u8c03\u67e5\uff0c\u5f97\u51fa\u4e86\u6709\u5b9e\u9645\u7ecf\u9a8c\u652f\u6301\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\n

1980\u5e74\u4ece\u8036\u9c81\u6bd5\u4e1a\u7684\u82cf\u73ca\u00b7\u514b\u6717 (Susan Crown)\uff0c\u8bfb\u7684\u662f\u6587\u5b66\u4e13\u4e1a\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u662f\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u4e00\u5bb6\u6295\u8d44\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u5408\u4f19\u4eba\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f53\u4e0a\u8036\u9c81\u7684\u6821\u8463\u3002\u5979\u7684\u4f53\u4f1a\u662f\uff0c\u4eba\u6587\u6559\u80b2\u6559\u4f60\u5982\u4f55\u601d\u8003\u3001\u5982\u4f55\u5206\u6790\u3001\u5982\u4f55\u9605\u8bfb\u3001\u5982\u4f55\u8fdb\u884c\u6709\u8bf4\u670d\u529b\u7684\u8bba\u8ff0\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6280\u5de7\uff0c\u5728\u5546\u4e1a\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e2d\u6bcf\u5929\u90fd\u8981\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u5982\u4eca\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u53d8\u5316\u5feb\uff0c\u4fe1\u606f\u591a\uff0c\u4ee4\u4eba\u76ee\u4e0d\u6687\u63a5\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u4efb\u4f55\u4e1c\u897f\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\u90fd\u6d6e\u76ae\u6f66\u8349\u3002\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u4eba\u6587\u5b66\u79d1\uff0c\u5219\u7ed9\u4f60\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u751f\u4e2d\u51e0\u4e4e\u662f\u7edd\u65e0\u4ec5\u6709\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u53bb\u4e13\u5fc3\u81f4\u5fd7\u5730\u8bfb\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u548c\u6587\u5b66\u8457\u4f5c\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u5b66\u4f1a\u4e86\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u5927\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e0d\u88ab\u4e00\u4e9b\u7410\u788e\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\u6240\u652f\u914d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7406\u67e5\u5fb7\u00b7\u5f17\u5170\u514b(Richard Franke)\u662f1953\u5e74\u7684\u8036\u9c81\u6bd5\u4e1a\u751f\uff0c\u9886\u5bfc\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u6295\u8d44\u516c\u53f824\u5e74\u4e4b\u4e45\uff0c\u5982\u4eca\u5df2\u7ecf\u9000\u4f11\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u4f53\u4f1a\u66f4\u4e3a\u5177\u4f53\uff1a\u201c\u751f\u610f\u573a\u4e0a\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u77ac\u606f\u4e07\u53d8\u3002\u4e0d\u7ba1\u4f60\u628a\u516c\u53f8\u529e\u5f97 \u591a\u4e48\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u4f60\u90a3\u4e00\u5957\u4e0d\u52305\u5e74\u5c31\u5f97\u53d8\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u4f60\u6bcf5\u5e74\u8981\u6709\u79e9\u5e8f\u5730\u91cd\u65b0\u5851\u9020\u4f60\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u4e13\u4e1a\u6280\u672f\u4eba\u5458\uff0c\u4f46\u4f60\u66f4\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e9b\u80fd\u591f\u7efc\u5408\u601d\u8003\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u51fa\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4f5c\u4e3a\u516c\u53f8\u9996\u8111\uff0c\u5c31\u559c\u6b22\u96c7\u7528\u4eba\u6587\u5b66\u79d1\u51fa\u8eab\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u8fd9\u4e2a\u610f\u89c1\u51e0\u4e4e\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u88ab\u8bbf\u8005\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\uff1a\u4eba\u6587\u5b66\u79d1\u57f9\u517b\u7684\u5206\u6790\u6df1\u5ea6\u3001\u521b\u9020\u529b\uff0c\u6bd4\u5546\u5b66\u9662\u6559\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u66f4\u53ef\u9760\u3002\u67e5\u5c14\u65af\u00b7\u57c3\u5229\u65af(Charles Ellis)\u4e8e1959\u5e74\u4ece\u8036\u9c81\u6bd5\u4e1a\uff0c\u4e13\u4e1a\u662f\u827a\u672f\u53f2\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u521b\u5efa\u5e76\u9886\u5bfc\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u9645\u8d38\u6613\u54a8\u8be2\u516c\u53f8\u8fbe30\u5e74\u4e4b\u4e45\u3002\u4ed6\u5f3a\u8c03\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u60f3\u5f53\u4f01\u4e1a\u9886\u8896\u6216\u7ecf\u7406\uff0c\u672c\u79d1\u5b66\u5546\u5b66\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u6298\u4e0d\u6263\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u5931\u8bef\u3002\u4f60\u6240\u80fd\u5b66\u5230\u7684\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7684\u8d26\u76ee\u7ba1\u7406\u6280\u672f\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4eba\u6587\u5b66\u79d1\u7ed9\u4f60\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u7ba1\u7406\u4eba\u624d\u7684\u6218\u7565\u6027\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u8bad\u7ec3\u3002\u751f\u610f\u573a\u4e0a\uff0c\u5f52\u6839\u7ed3\u5e95\u662f\u8ddf\u4eba\u6253\u4ea4\u9053\u3002\u4f60\u60f3\u6210\u529f\u5c31\u5f97\u8ddf\u6210\u529f\u7684\u4eba\u63a5\u89e6\u3002\u4f60\u8d62\u5f97\u4eba\u5bb6\u5c0a\u91cd\u7684\u6700\u597d\u529e\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u548c\u4eba\u5bb6\u6709\u5171\u540c\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7406\u60f3\u548c\u4eba\u6587\u5173\u6000\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f60\u6700\u597d\u662f\u628a\u548c\u4f60\u751f\u610f\u6709\u5173\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u5fd7\u613f\u4eba\u5458\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u611f\u5230\u548c\u4f60\u63a5\u89e6\u6709\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u662f\u8d5a\u51e0\u4e2a\u94b1\u800c\u5df2\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u65e9\u5c31\u5e72\u522b\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u53bb\u4e86\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u8fd9\u756a\u9ad8\u89c1\u4e5f\u540c\u6837\u5f97\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u8036\u9c81\u6bd5\u4e1a\u7684\u5927\u8001\u677f\u4eec\u7684\u8ba4\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5927\u5bb6\u666e\u904d\u7684\u611f\u53d7\u662f\uff0c\u5f53\u4e2a\u6210\u529f\u7684\u751f\u610f\u4eba\uff0c\u5c31\u8981\u770b\u4f60\u662f\u5426\u6709\u548c\u601d\u60f3\u590d\u6742\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u6000\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u4eba\u6253\u4ea4\u9053\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u8981\u770b\u4f60\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u591f\u521b\u9020\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u5316\u6c1b\u56f4\uff0c\u8ba9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5fc3\u7075\u590d\u6742\u7684\u4eba\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6c1b\u56f4\u4e2d\u611f\u5230\u6109\u5feb\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5176\u5b9e\u603b\u7edf\u5e03\u4ec0\u505a\u751f\u610f\u7684\u7ecf\u5386\u5c31\u662f\u4e2a\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u4ed6\u6709\u54c8\u4f5b\u7684MBA\u6587\u51ed\uff0c\u53c8\u662f\u8d35\u65cf\u4e2d\u7684\u8d35\u65cf\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u751f\u610f\u573a\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u6df7\u4e0d\u5f00\u3002\u4ed6\u4e00\u5f20\u5634\u5c31\u8ba9\u4eba\u770b\u4e0d\u8d77\uff0c\u51ed\u8001\u7236\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4e5f\u4e0d\u7ba1\u7528\u3002\u5e03\u4ec0\u5bb6\u65cf\u6709\u4e2a\u4e0d\u6210\u6587\u7684\u5bb6\u89c4\uff1a\u5148\u8d5a\u94b1\u518d\u53bb\u78b0\u653f\u6cbb\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5e03\u4ec0\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7834\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89c4\u77e9\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u4ed6\u6ca1\u6709\u522b\u7684\u529e\u6cd5\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u8036\u9c81\u53ea\u662f\u7761\u8fc74\u5e74\uff0c\u5176\u4eba\u683c\u548c\u4f01\u4e1a\u7cbe\u82f1\u683c\u683c\u4e0d\u5165\u3002\u641e\u653f\u6cbb\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ed5\u5f00\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8111\u7b4b\u590d\u6742\u3001\u8da3\u5473\u7cbe\u81f4\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u4e5f\u6b63\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u5728\u8111\u7b4b\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4eba\u770b\u6765\u6709\u9b45\u529b\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u6bd4\u5728\u751f\u610f\u4e0a\u987a\u5229\u5f97\u591a\uff0c\u6210\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6700\u4e3a\u53cd\u667a\u7684\u603b\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u5e03\u4ec0<\/p>\n

\u8036\u9c81\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4eba\u6587\u6559\u80b2\u540c\u6837\u57f9\u517b\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u540d\u58f0\u8d6b\u8d6b\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a\u603b\u88c1\u3002\u524d\u60e0\u666e\u603b\u88c1\u5361\u8389\u00b7\u8d39\u5965\u5229\u90a3(Carly Fiorina)\uff0c\u5f53\u5e74\u5728\u65af\u5766\u798f\u5b66\u7684\u662f\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u5386\u53f2\u548c\u54f2\u5b66\u3002\u5979\u53f7\u79f0\u5979\u5bf9\u4ece\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u5230\u6587\u827a\u590d\u5174\u7684\u8f6c\u578b\u7684\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u4e0e\u5979\u9762\u5bf9\u4fe1\u606f\u65f6\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u8f6c\u578b\u65f6\u7684\u601d\u8003\u975e\u5e38\u5207\u8fd1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fea\u65af\u5c3c\u7684\u603b\u88c1\u8fc8\u514b\u5c14\u00b7\u57c3\u65af\u5185(Michael Eisner)\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u4e13\u4e1a\u662f\u82f1\u82f1\u8bed\u548c\u620f\u5267\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4e0a\u8fc7\u4e00\u5802\u5546\u5b66\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u8bfe\u3002\u4ed6\u7763\u4fc3\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u513f\u5b50\u5728\u5927\u5b66\u91cc\u90fd\u5b66\u4eba\u6587\u3002\u7528\u4ed6\u7684\u8bdd\u6765\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u6587\u5b66\u5bf9\u4eba\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u662f\u96be\u4ee5\u7f6e\u4fe1\u7684\u3002\u4f60\u505a\u751f\u610f\u65f6\u603b\u8981\u5904\u7406\u4eba\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u6587\u5b66\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u7406\u89e3\u4ec0\u4e48\u624d\u80fd\u6253\u52a8\u4eba\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

\u7c73\u62c9\u9a6c\u5c14\u7cfb\u7edf(Miramar System)\u7684\u603b\u88c1\u5c3c\u5c14\u00b7\u96f7\u5bbe(Neal Rabin)\u662f\u5b66\u521b\u4f5c\u51fa\u8eab\u3002\u4ed6\u867d\u7136\u96c7\u7528MBA\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u6279\u8bc4\u8bf4\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u54c8\u4f5b\u7684MBA\uff0c\u5e38\u5e38\u88ab\u7ba1\u7406\u5b66\u9662\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u7814\u7a76\u8bfe\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4f01\u4e1a\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u7ed9\u5413\u5f97\u762b\u75ea\uff0c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u521b\u4e1a\u65f6\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u60f3\u8c61\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5eb7\u5b81(Corning)\u7684\u603b\u88c1\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u5362\u65af(John Loose)\u5927\u5b66\u5b66\u7684\u662f\u4e1c\u4e9a\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u4ed6\u58f0\u79f0\u81ea\u5df1\u5bf9\u4e2d\u3001\u65e5\u3001\u97e9\u548c\u5370\u5ea6\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u4ed6\u5728\u5149\u7ea4\u5e02\u573a\u4f4e\u8ff7\u4e4b\u65f6\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u4e9a\u6d32\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u4eae\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8054\u90a6\u767e\u8d27\u5546\u5e97(Federated Department Stores)\u96c6\u56e2\u7684\u603b\u88c1\u4f11\u00b7\u514b\u7f57\u5c3c\u514b(Sue Kronick)\u540c\u6837\u4e5f\u662f\u5b66\u7684\u4e9a\u6d32\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5e76\u9760\u5979\u5bf9\u5370\u5ea6\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u5728\u4e9a\u6d32\u627e\u5230\u5ec9\u4ef7\u7684\u4f9b\u5e94\u5546\u3002\u7c73\u590f\u57c3\u62c9\u00b7\u7f57\u5fb7\u5c3c\u5965(Michaela Rodeno)\u5728\u5927\u5b66\u5b66\u6cd5\u56fd\u6587\u5b66\u65f6\uff0c\u4ece\u6765\u6ca1\u6709\u60f3\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e13\u4e1a\u4f7f\u4ed6\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u8461\u8404\u9152\u8fd9\u5b97\u5927\u4e70\u5356\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bbe\u5728\u52a0\u5dde\u7684\u6cd5\u56fd\u8461\u8404\u9152\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u603b\u88c1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5b66\u4eba\u6587\u7684\u5ba2\u4e32\u9ad8\u79d1\u6280\u516c\u53f8\u9886\u5bfc\u66f4\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u6f6e\u6d41\u3002\u52a0\u5dde\u7684\u84dd\u76fe(Blue Shield)\u7684\u603b\u88c1\u5e03\u9c81\u65af\u00b7\u535a\u8fbe\u80af(Bruce Bodaken)\u62ff\u4e86\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u5b66\u58eb\u548c\u7855\u58eb\uff0c\u8fd8\u6559\u8fc7\u4f26\u7406\u8bfe\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u54f2\u5b66\u5e2e\u52a9\u4ed6\u601d\u7d22\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u662f\u4ed6\u6210\u529f\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002\u5168\u666f(Uniscape)\u7684\u603b\u88c1\u65af\u8482\u592b\u00b7\u4e9a\u5f53\u65af (Steve Adams)\u662f20\u4e16\u7eaa\u82f1\u56fd\u6587\u5b66\u7684\u535a\u58eb\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u8f9e\u6389\u6559\u6388\u7684\u804c\u4f4d\u8fdb\u4e86\u751f\u610f\u573a\uff0c\u5927\u83b7\u6210\u529f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e3e\u4e0d\u80dc\u4e3e\u3002\u66fe\u7ecf\u5927\u7ea2\u5927\u7d2b\u3001\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5e7f\u4e3a\u4eba\u77e5\u7684\u524d\u798f\u7279\u6c7d\u8f66\u516c\u53f8\u603b\u88c1\u674e\u00b7\u827e\u79d1\u5361(Lee Iacocca)\uff0c\u672c\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u662f\u5386\u53f2\u3002\u300a\u82b1\u82b1\u516c\u5b50\u300b\u7684\u521b\u5efa\u4eba\u4f11\u00b7\u6d77\u592b\u7eb3(Hugh Hefner)\uff0c\u672c\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u662f\u54f2\u5b66\u3002\u6d3e\u62c9\u8499\u7535\u5f71\u516c\u53f8(ParamountMotion Picture)\u96c6\u56e2\u7684\u603b\u88c1\u8c22\u91cc\u00b7\u5170\u8f9b(Sherry Lansing)\uff0c\u5927\u5b66\u5b66\u7684\u662f\u82f1\u8bed\u3002<\/p>\n

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