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1<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u6574\u7406\u81ea\uff1aMartin Kettle, \u201cThe political landscapes of Brexit Britain and Weimar Germany are scarily similar,\u201d The Guardian, May 16, 2019.<\/p>\n

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\u8fd9\u9879\u5c55\u89c8\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5173\u4e4e\u8fc7\u53bb\uff0c\u4e5f\u5173\u4e4e\u73b0\u5728\u3002\u5b83\u7279\u610f\u6ca1\u6709\u628a\u8303\u56f4\u5c40\u9650\u5728\u5fb7\u56fd\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5ef6\u4f38\u5230\u4e86\u82f1\u56fd\u7b49\u8bf8\u591a\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5c55\u73b0\u4e86\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\u5982\u4f55\u57281919\u5e74\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5341\u4f59\u5e74\u4e2d\u5982\u4f55\u9010\u6e10\u5d29\u6e83\uff0c\u4e5f\u8ba9\u4eba\u4eec\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u662f\u5426\u4f1a\u57282019\u5e74\u7684\u6b27\u6d32\u518d\u6b21\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u5b83\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u7d27\u5bc6\u8054\u7cfb\u7684\u5c55\u89c8\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u4e8e\u6fc0\u70c8\u53d8\u52a8\u7684\u9b4f\u739b\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u50cf\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u4e0e\u5f0f\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u6c11\u4e3b\u56fd\u5bb6\u600e\u6837\u624d\u80fd\u5e94\u5bf9\u5f53\u4eca\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u6311\u6218\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

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1919\u5e74\u7684\u6b27\u6d32\u548c2019\u5e74\u7684\u6b27\u6d32\u5168\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u5728\u56db\u5e74\u6bc1\u706d\u6027\u7684\u6b8b\u9177\u6218\u4e89\u8fc7\u540e\uff0c1919\u5e74\u7684\u5fb7\u56fd\u75b2\u60eb\u4e0d\u582a\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u5e1d\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u571f\u5d29\u74e6\u89e3\u3002\u5b83\u88ab\u5145\u6ee1\u654c\u610f\u7684\u6218\u80dc\u56fd\u5305\u56f4\u3002\u5931\u4e1a\u7387\u9ad8\u5f97\u60ca\u4eba\u3002\u793e\u4f1a\u9769\u547d\u4e00\u89e6\u5373\u53d1\u3002\u653f\u6cbb\u52a8\u8361\u548c\u66b4\u529b\u4e00\u65f6\u6210\u98ce\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u5728\u5f53\u4eca\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\uff0c\u58f0\u79f0\u653f\u5e9c\u80cc\u53db\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u53f3\u6d3e\u8a00\u8bba\u6fc0\u589e\u3002\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e00\u534a\u7684\u516c\u4f17\u58f0\u79f0\u81ea\u5df1\u652f\u6301\u201c\u4e00\u4e2a\u613f\u610f\u6253\u7834\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u5f3a\u52bf\u9886\u8896\u201d\u3002\u5404\u79cd\u5404\u6837\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u52bf\u529b\u90fd\u5728\u53d1\u5c55\u58ee\u5927\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u653f\u6cbb\u6697\u6740\uff08\u540c\u6837\u6765\u81ea\u6781\u7aef\u53f3\u6d3e\uff09\u3001\u516c\u4f17\u5bf9\u653f\u5ba2\u7684\u66b4\u529b\u5a01\u80c1\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b98\u65b9\u5bf9\u8bae\u5458\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u8b66\u544a\u3002<\/p>\n

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2<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u300a\u5df4\u6bd4\u4f26\u67cf\u6797<\/span>\u300b\u4e0e\u9b4f\u739b\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u7684\u795e\u8bdd<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u6574\u7406\u81ea\uff1aJochen Hung, \u201c’Babylon Berlin’ and the myth of the Weimar Republic,\u201d The Washington Post, March 20, 2018.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u7535\u89c6\u5267\u300a\u5df4\u6bd4\u4f26\u67cf\u6797\u300b\u6d77\u62a5<\/p>\n

\u65f6\u9ae6\u5973\u90ce\u548c\u7eb3\u7cb9\u51b2\u950b\u961f\uff0c\u6027\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\u548c\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\uff0c\u7235\u58eb\u4e50\u961f\u548c\u957f\u7b52\u519b\u9774\u2026\u20262018\u5e741\u6708\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u7535\u89c6\u5267\u300a\u5df4\u6bd4\u4f26\u67cf\u6797\u300b\u5f00\u59cb\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u64ad\u51fa\uff0c\u4e5f\u628a\u5b83\u5bf9\u9b4f\u739b\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61\u5e26\u5230\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u3002\u5236\u4f5c\u65b9\u628a20\u4e16\u7eaa20\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u67cf\u6797\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u6df7\u4e71\u4e2d\u7684\u5927\u90fd\u4f1a\u201d\uff0c\u90a3\u91cc\u201c\u4e00\u9762\u662f\u65e5\u76ca\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u8d2b\u56f0\u548c\u5931\u4e1a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u9762\u662f\u653e\u7eb5\u7684\u591c\u751f\u6d3b\u4ee5\u53ca\u5145\u6ea2\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u521b\u9020\u6027\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u4e8c\u8005\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u9c9c\u660e\u7684\u5bf9\u6bd4\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5148\u950b\u6587\u5316\u649e\u4e0a\u4e86\u653f\u6cbb\u793e\u4f1a\u5371\u673a\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5370\u8c61\u957f\u671f\u4e3b\u5bfc\u7740\u516c\u4f17\u5bf9\u9b4f\u739b\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5fc6\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5370\u8c61\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u8fd8\u5341\u5206\u5371\u9669\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u963b\u6b62\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u9b4f\u739b\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\u5438\u53d6\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u6559\u8bad\uff1a\u53cd\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u672a\u5fc5\u4ee5\u53cd\u52a8\u7684\u9762\u8c8c\u767b\u573a\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u53d9\u4e8b\u906e\u853d\u4e86\u9b4f\u739b\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u6587\u5316\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u771f\u76f8\u3002\u9b4f\u739b\u65f6\u671f\u4e00\u4e9b\u6700\u5148\u950b\u7684\u827a\u672f\u5bb6\u8fdc\u975e\u8bae\u4f1a\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u7684\u652f\u6301\u8005\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u751a\u81f3\u652f\u6301\u7eb3\u7cb9\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u9b4f\u739b\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u4eec\u5e38\u8bf4\u7684\u90a3\u6837\u8106\u5f31\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5b83\u6700\u7ec8\u8ba9\u4f4d\u4e8e\u7eb3\u7cb9\u72ec\u88c1\uff0c\u9b4f\u739b\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u8fd8\u662f\u5728\u6218\u4e89\u5931\u8d25\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5d29\u6e83\u548c\u6076\u6027\u901a\u8d27\u81a8\u80c0\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u6210\u529f\u5730\u62b5\u6321\u4f4f\u4e86\u53cd\u52a8\u6d3e\u7684\u51e0\u6b21\u653f\u53d8\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u9b4f\u739b\u5fb7\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u7e41\u8363\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u5f88\u6709\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u30021962\u5e74\uff0c\u5fb7\u88d4\u79fb\u6c11\u5b66\u8005\u5f7c\u5f97\u00b7\u76d6\u4f0a\uff08Peter Gay\uff09\u7684\u300a\u9b4f\u739b\u6587\u5316\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u5927\u83b7\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u7684\u660e\u8bc1\u3002\u76d6\u4f0a\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u9b4f\u739b\u7cbe\u795e\u201d\u5c31\u662f\u5148\u950b\u6d3e\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u8fdb\u6b65\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u51b2\u7a81\u4e5f\u8ba9\u9b4f\u739b\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u9634\u6697\u9762\u6709\u4e86\u73b0\u5b9e\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u5728\u53cd\u8d8a\u6218\u8fd0\u52a8\u9ad8\u6da8\u76841971\u5e74\uff0c\u6709\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u8005\u5bf9\u6bd4\u4e86\u9b4f\u739b\u5171\u548c\u7684\u5d29\u6e83\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u6c11\u4e3b\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5371\u673a\uff1a\u5728\u90a3\u4e2a\u6218\u4e89\u5931\u8d25\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8427\u6761\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\u548c\u4e3b\u6d41\u6587\u5316\u4f3c\u4e4e\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u538b\u8feb\u6027\u7684\u3001\u4e43\u81f3\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u503e\u5411\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u300a\u5df4\u6bd4\u4f26\u67cf\u6797\u300b\u628a\u9b4f\u739b\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\u7f29\u51cf\u4e3a\u201c\u706b\u5c71\u4e0a\u7684\u821e\u8e48\u201d\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u5386\u53f2\u771f\u76f8\uff0c\u8fd8\u963b\u6b62\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u5438\u53d6\u6709\u76ca\u4e8e\u5f53\u4ee3\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u6559\u8bad\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u628a\u9b4f\u739b\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5224\u7136\u4e24\u5206\uff0c\u4ece\u4e2d\u5bfb\u627e\u597d\u4e0e\u574f\u3001\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e0e\u53cd\u52a8\u6597\u4e89\u7684\u8ff9\u8c61\uff0c\u800c\u5e94\u8be5\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\uff0c\u73b0\u4ee3\u6587\u5316\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u540c\u65f6\u521b\u9020\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e24\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n

3<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u9b4f\u739b\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u5371\u673a\u4f1a\u5728\u5fb7\u56fd\u91cd\u6f14\u5417\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u6574\u7406\u81ea\uff1aElke Seefried, Die Krise der Weimarer Demokratie \u2013 Analogien zur Gegenwart?, in: Aus Politik und Zeitgeschichte 66.2016, H.40-42, S.18-23.<\/p>\n

\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u90fd\u5728\u8c08\u8bba\u6c11\u4e3b\u5371\u673a\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u6108\u53d1\u6000\u7591\u3002\u571f\u8033\u5176\u3001\u5308\u7259\u5229\u3001\u6ce2\u5170\u7b49\u56fd\u653f\u575b\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u5a01\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u503e\u5411\u3002\u6574\u4e2a\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6781\u5316\u73b0\u8c61\u90fd\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u660e\u663e\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f8b\u5916\u3002<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

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