\u6765\u6e90: \u5317\u5916\u5168\u7403\u53f2<\/p>\n
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\u76f4\u5230\u6587\u827a\u590d\u5174\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u4ee5\u82cf\u6587\u56fe\u65af\uff08Servetus\uff09\u548c\u6bd4\u5229\u65f6\u89e3\u5256\u5b66\u5bb6\u5b89\u5fb7\u745e\u4e9a\u65af\uff08Andreas\uff09\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u6b63\u7ecf\u5b66\u8005\u624d\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u80fd\u591f\u6bd4\u8f83\u6e05\u695a\u800c\u6b63\u786e\u5730\u63cf\u8ff0\u4eba\u4f53\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u6784\u9020\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4eca\u5929\u770b\u8fbe\u82ac\u5947\u6240\u7ed8\u7684\u89e3\u5256\u5b66\u56fe\u8c31\uff0c\u5176\u7cbe\u7ec6\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4ee4\u4eba\u53f9\u4e3a\u89c2\u6b62\uff0c\u800c\u4ed6\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u90fd\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u5f53\u65f6\u4e00\u4ee3\u4ee3\u5b66\u8005\u8f9b\u52e4\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u548c\u63a2\u7d22\u4e4b\u4e0a\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5b97\u6559\u548c\u8ff7\u4fe1\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u4ece\u4e8b\u89e3\u5256\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u4ecd\u7136\u906d\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u5404\u79cd\u5404\u6837\u7684\u8feb\u5bb3\uff0c\u88ab\u6559\u4f1a\u70e7\u6b7b\u7684\u4eba\u6bd4\u6bd4\u7686\u662f\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u53f3\u4e00\u62ff\u7740\u624b\u672f\u5200\u5728\u5c38\u4f53\u4e0a\u6345\u6765\u6345\u53bb\u7684\u90a3\u54e5\u4eec\u5c31\u662f\u54c8\u7ef4<\/p>\n
\u90a3\u4e48\u8bf4\u5230\u73b0\u4ee3\u89e3\u5256\u5b66\u7684\u5f00\u5c71\u9f3b\u7956\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u63d0\u4e00\u63d0\u82f1\u56fd\u540d\u533b\u5a01\u5ec9.\u54c8\u7ef4\uff08William Harvey\uff0c1578-1657\uff09\u4e86\uff0c\u4ed6\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u5927\u91cf\u5c38\u4f53\u7684\u89e3\u5256\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5fc3\u810f\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u8840\u6db2\u5faa\u73af\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u89c4\u5f8b\uff0c\u5199\u51fa\u4e86\u9707\u53e4\u70c1\u4eca\u7684\u300a\u5fc3\u8840\u8fd0\u52a8\u8bba\u300b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u751f\u7406\u5b66\u4e4b\u7236\u3002\u53ef\u80fd\u4ed6\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u53ea\u662f\u4eba\u4f53\u77e5\u8bc6\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u4ece\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u603b\u7ed3\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u542f\u793a\u4e86\u5f88\u5927\u4e00\u6279\u4eba\u3002\u4ece\u54c8\u7ef4\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u73b0\u4ee3\u89e3\u5256\u5b66\u624d\u7b97\u771f\u6b63\u4e0a\u4e86\u6b63\u8f68\u3002<\/p>\n
\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u897f\u65b9\u533b\u5b66\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u89c2\u5ff5\u5f53\u4e2d\uff08\u76f4\u5230\u4eca\u5929\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\uff09\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u89e3\u5256\u63a2\u5bfb\u4eba\u4f53\u6784\u9020\u548c\u75c5\u56e0\u75c5\u7406\u7684\u6307\u5bfc\u601d\u60f3\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u5916\u79d1\u6700\u6839\u672c\u7684\u4e00\u6761\u539f\u5219\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u300a\u5fc3\u8840\u8fd0\u52a8\u8bba\u300b\u4e2d\u7684\u63d2\u56fe<\/p>\n
\u597d\u4e86\uff0c\u5927\u80cc\u666f\u8bf4\u5b8c\u4e86\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u5c31\u6765\u8bb2\u4e00\u8bb219\u4e16\u7eaa\u82f1\u56fd\u89e3\u5256\u7528\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u5c38\u4f53\u662f\u600e\u4e48\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u4ece\u4ec0\u4e48\u6e20\u9053\u8fdb\u5165\u7684\u533b\u5b66\u9662\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6b63\u5982\u6211\u4e4b\u524d\u6240\u8bf4\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a19\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u533b\u5b66\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5916\u79d1\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u901f\u5ea6\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u5feb\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e8b\u60c5\u53d1\u751f\u8d28\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u8f6c\u6298\u70b9\u662f\u8bae\u4f1a1832\u5e74\u901a\u8fc7\u7684Anatomy Act 1832\uff082&3, IV, c.75\uff09\uff08\u5168\u56fd\u89e3\u5256\u6cd5\u6848\uff0c\u7ef4\u57fa\u94fe\u63a5\u5982\u4e0b\uff1aAnatomy Act 1832 \uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
1832\u89e3\u5256\u5b66\u6cd5\u6848\u7684\u5f71\u5370\u4ef6\uff0c\u5982\u4eca\u5728\u4f26\u6566\u7684\u7687\u5bb6\u533b\u5b66\u9662\u3001\u5927\u82f1\u535a\u7269\u9986\u548c\u5317\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u7684\u675c\u4f26\u533b\u9662\u5b66\u5185\u8fd8\u4fdd\u5b58\u7740\u5f53\u5e74\u7684\u539f\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
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\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6cd5\u6848\u4e3b\u8981\u8bb2\u4e86\u4e2a\u5565\u634f\uff1f<\/p>\n
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\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u91cd\u70b9\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n
\u90a3\u4e48\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6cd5\u6848\u9881\u5e03\u4ee5\u524d\uff0c\u533b\u751f\u3001\u6559\u5e08\u548c\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u89e3\u5256\u5b9e\u9a8c\u662f\u9760\u4ec0\u4e48\u6e20\u9053\u6765\u83b7\u5f97\u5c38\u6e90\u7684\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n
\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u5c31\u4e00\u79cd\u9014\u5f84:\u00a0\u6839\u636e1752\u5e74\u901a\u8fc7\u7684Murder Act\uff08\u8c0b\u6740\u7f6a\u6cd5\u6848\uff09\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u8c0b\u6740\u6848\u4e2d\u88ab\u5b9a\u7f6a\u7684\u6b7b\u5211\u72af\u7684\u5c38\u4f53\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u4f9b\u533b\u5b66\u9662\u89e3\u5256\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6cd5\u6848\u4e25\u683c\u9650\u5b9a\u4e86\u53ef\u4f9b\u89e3\u5256\u7684\u5c38\u4f53\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\uff1a<\/p>\n
1. \u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u72af\u4e86\u8c0b\u6740\u7f6a\u7684\uff0c\u522b\u7684\u7f6a\u540d\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u3002<\/p>\n
2. \u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u5224\u4e86\u6b7b\u5211\u7684\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u9650\u5236\u4e0b\uff0c\u6bcf\u5e74\u6b63\u89c4\u7684\u5c38\u6e90\u5927\u6982\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u5462\uff1f\u5f88\u62b1\u6b49\uff0c\u6839\u636e1807\u5e74\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u5730\u533a\u5728\u4e2d\u592e\u5211\u4e8b\u6cd5\u5ead\u7684\u5e74\u9274\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u53ea\u670910\u5177\u3002<\/p>\n
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\u6240\u4ee5\u5c31\u6709\u4e86\u975e\u6cd5\u7684\u9014\u5f84\uff0c\u9ed1\u5e02\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4f60\u6ca1\u6709\u770b\u9519\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u4e0d\u6b62\u519b\u706b\u3001\u6bd2\u54c1\u548c\u77f3\u6cb9\u6709\u9ed1\u5e02\uff0c\u5c38\u4f53\u4e5f\u6709\u9ed1\u5e02\u7684\u3002 \u65e2\u7136\u662f\u9ed1\u5e02\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u4e0d\u53d7\u653f\u5e9c\u76d1\u7ba1\u7684\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u80fd\u641e\u5230\u5c38\u4f53\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u5207\u624b\u6bb5\u5728\u6240\u4e0d\u60dc\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n
\u9ed1\u5e02\u83b7\u53d6\u5c38\u4f53\u7684\u6e20\u9053\u548c\u4ef7\u683c<\/p>\n
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1. \u533b\u9662\u3001\u6d4e\u8d2b\u9662\u548c\u76d1\u72f1\u91cc\u9762\u6ca1\u4eba\u8ba4\u9886\u7684\u7a77\u4eba\u7684\u5c38\u4f53\uff1b<\/p>\n
2. \u76d7\u5893\u6398\u5893\uff1b<\/p>\n
3. \u76f4\u63a5\u6740\u4eba\u8d8a\u5c38\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u51e0\u79cd\u529e\u6cd5\uff0c\u662f\u8981\u6709\u591a\u7f3a\u5fb7\u6709\u591a\u7f3a\u5fb7\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u6ca1\u529e\u6cd5\uff0c\u6709\u4eba\u4e70\u5c31\u6709\u4eba\u5356\uff0c\u6709\u9700\u6c42\u5c31\u6709\u94e4\u800c\u8d70\u9669\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u5f88\u591a\u6709\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u533b\u751f\u548c\u533b\u5b66\u9662\u7684\u6559\u5e08\u62ff\u5230\u8d27\u53ea\u8981\u770b\u4e0a\u4e00\u773c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u4f53\u8868\u4e0a\u5927\u6982\u9274\u5b9a\u51fa\u6765\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c38\u4f53\u662f\u4ece\u54ea\u91cc\u6765\u7684\u4e86\uff0c\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u7741\u4e00\u53ea\u773c\u95ed\u4e00\u53ea\u773c\uff0c\u5f53\u505a\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5404\u4e3e\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u6d4e\u8d2b\u9662\u53eb\u505aworkhouse\uff0c\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u79cd\u9014\u5f84\u91cc\u9762\u975e\u6cd5\u4ea4\u6613\u6700\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u5f20\u56fe\u5c31\u662f18-19\u4e16\u7eaa\u5178\u578b\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\u6d4e\u8d2b\u9662<\/p>\n
\u90a3\u4e48\u6d4e\u8d2b\u9662\u6536\u7559\u7684\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u4ec0\u4e48\u4eba\u5462\uff1f\u987e\u540d\u601d\u4e49\uff0c\u662f\u7a77\u5f97\u6ca1\u529e\u6cd5\u624d\u9001\u8fc7\u6765\u7684\u3002\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u80a2\u4f53\u6709\u6b8b\u969c\u7684\uff0c\u7cbe\u795e\u6709\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6216\u8005\u65e0\u5bb6\u53ef\u5f52\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u8981\u4e48\u81ea\u5df1\u5bb6\u91cc\u5b9e\u5728\u8d1f\u62c5\u4e0d\u8d77\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u5c31\u662f\u6ca1\u4eba\u7ba1\u7684\u3002Workhouse\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u662f\u6148\u5584\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u540e\u6765\u6162\u6162\u5c31\u53d8\u4e86\u5473\u513f\u4e86\u3002\u5230\u4e86workhouse\u91cc\u9762\u6765\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u8fd8\u662f\u8981\u9760\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u81ea\u98df\u5176\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u6d4e\u8d2b\u9662\u5185\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u72b6\u6001<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u6d4e\u8d2b\u9662\u5185\u5c45\u4f4f\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u73af\u5883\u4e5f\u662f\u5f88\u7b80\u964b\u7684<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6d4e\u8d2b\u9662\u7684\u8001\u5f31\u5987\u5b7a\uff0c\u5c31\u53eb\u793e\u4f1a\u5f31\u52bf\u7fa4\u4f53\u5427\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u8d77\u5c45\u6761\u4ef6\u975e\u5e38\u7cdf\u7cd5\u3001\u9700\u8981\u9762\u5bf9\u6bcf\u65e5\u7e41\u91cd\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\uff08\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u5de5\u4f5c\u751a\u81f3\u4f1a\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u635f\u5bb3\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u53bb\u94fa\u6ca5\u9752\u9a6c\u8def\u4e4b\u7c7b\u7684\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u975e\u5e38\u539f\u59cb\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u62a4\u5177\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u65f6\u5e38\u8fd8\u8981\u906d\u5230\u7ba1\u7406\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u6253\u9a82\u4f53\u7f5a\u548c\u5404\u79cd\u8650\u5f85\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u751f\u7406\u548c\u5fc3\u7406\u7684\u53cc\u91cd\u5c48\u8fb1\u4e0b\uff0c\u4eba\u7684\u5bff\u547d\u662f\u5f88\u77ed\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5373\u4fbf\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u60b2\u60e8\u7684\u4eba\u6b7b\u4e86\u4ee5\u540e\u8fd8\u8981\u88ab\u6d4e\u8d2b\u9662\u90a3\u4e9b\u6076\u68cd\u5751\u4e00\u628a\uff0c\u5077\u5077\u5730\u628a\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5c38\u4f53\u5356\u7ed9\u9ed1\u5e02\u5546\u4eba\uff0c\u6709\u4e13\u95e8\u6536\u5c38\u7684\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u4fbf\u5b9c\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u6d4e\u8d2b\u9662\u751a\u81f3\u548c\u5404\u5730\u7684\u5c38\u8d29\u5b50\u90fd\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u201c\u5408\u4f5c\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\uff0c\u5bf9\u65b9\u4e00\u542c\u8bf4\u54ea\u513f\u54ea\u513f\u6d4e\u8d2b\u9662\u53c8\u6b7b\u4e86\u4e00\u6279\u4eba\u5c31\u8702\u62e5\u800c\u81f3\u3002\u7b80\u76f4\u6210\u4e3a\u5f53\u65f6\u82f1\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u5947\u8469\u73b0\u8c61\uff01<\/p>\n
\u518d\u8bf4\u76d7\u5893\u6398\u5893\u7684\u8fd9\u6279\u4eba\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3aresurrectionist\u6216\u8005grave-digger\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u4e24\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u662f\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u533a\u522b\u7684\u3002resurrectionist\u662f\u53d7\u5230\u67d0\u4e9b\u4eba\u96c7\u4f63\u7684\uff0c\u6709\u7279\u5b9a\u76ee\u7684\u53bb\u6398\u5893\u7684\u4eba\uff1b\u800cgrave-digger\u5219\u662f\u81ea\u96c7\u804c\u4e1a\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u5c31\u662f\u5230\u5904\u6398\u5893\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5356\u5c38\u300219\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u671f\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\u4e00\u6279\u76d7\u5893\u4eba\uff08resurrectionist\uff09\u91cc\u9762\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982Joseph Naples, \u5c31\u6709\u5199\u65e5\u8bb0\u7684\u4e60\u60ef\u3002\u6839\u636e\u5176\u65e5\u8bb0\u8bb0\u8f7d\uff0c\u57281812\u5e748\u670818\u65e5\u523010\u670822\u65e5\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2aJoseph\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u56e2\u961f\u5927\u6982\u51fa\u52a8\u4e8675\u6b21\uff0c\u76d7\u5c38\u8d85\u8fc7100\u5177\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5356\u7ed9\u4e86\u5176\u6307\u5b9a\u8054\u7edc\u4eba\u3002\u5f53\u5e74\u82f1\u56fd\u8457\u540d\u8bd7\u4eba\u9a9a\u585e\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u201cThe Surgeon’s Warning\u201d\u4e2d\uff0c\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u4e00\u4f4d\u5bcc\u6709\u7684\u5546\u4eba\u6b7b\u524d\u7acb\u4e0b\u9057\u5631\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u4ed6\u7684\u9057\u4ea7\u652f\u4ed8\u4e86\u76f8\u5f53\u5927\u7684\u4e00\u7b14\u94b1\u96c7\u4f63\u5b88\u5893\u4eba\u6765\u770b\u5b88\u4ed6\u7684\u5893\u846c\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0d\u5e78\u7684\u662f\u4ed6\u7684\u5893\u8fd8\u662f\u88ab\u76d7\u4e86\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u76d7\u5c38\u56e2\u4f19\u4f7f\u7528\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u91cd\u91d1\u8d3f\u8d42\u4e86\u8fd9\u4f4d\u5b88\u5893\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n
\u76d7\u5893\u7684\u8fd9\u4e48\u5e72\uff0c\u80af\u5b9a\u662f\u6709\u5229\u53ef\u56fe\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\u5012\u5356\u4e00\u5177\u5c38\u4f53\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u5927\u6982\u662f\u591a\u5c11\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n
\u603b\u4f53\u4e0a\uff0c\u57281\u78c510\u4e2a\u5148\u4ee4\u52303\u78c515\u4e2a\u5148\u4ee4\u4e4b\u95f4\u3002\u8981\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u572819\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\uff0c\u4e00\u5927\u76d2\u6700\u4e0a\u7b49\u7684\u8fdb\u53e3\u857e\u4e1d\u624d\u535615\u4e2a\u5148\u4ee4\u4e0d\u5230\uff0c\u5356\u5c38\u7684\u5229\u6da6\u7b80\u76f4\u5c31\u9ad8\u5f97\u79bb\u8c31\uff08\u82f1\u56fd\u57281821\u5e74\u5c31\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u672c\u5e01\u4e0e\u91d1\u672c\u4f4d\u6302\u94a9\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e00\u82f1\u9551\u5927\u6982\u7b49\u4e8e7.3\u514b\u9ec4\u91d1\uff09\u3002\u6309\u6765\u6e90\u5206\u7c7b\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ece\u6d4e\u8d2b\u9662\u3001\u76d1\u72f1\u548c\u533b\u9662\u6765\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u4fbf\u5b9c\u4e00\u4e9b\uff0c\u6210\u5e74\u7537\u6027\u7684\u5c38\u4f53\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8d85\u8fc72\u78c5\uff0c\u5973\u6027\u57281.5\u78c5\u5de6\u53f3\uff0c\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u4f4e\u4e8e1\u78c5\uff0c\u5927\u7ea6\u572810-18\u4e2a\u5148\u4ee4\u4e4b\u95f4\uff1b\u800c\u901a\u8fc7\u76d7\u5893\u548c\u8c0b\u6740\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u5c38\u4f53\uff0c\u5219\u4ef7\u683c\u8981\u7565\u9ad8\u4e00\u4e9b\uff0c\u6bd5\u7adf\u6210\u672c\u548c\u98ce\u9669\u5927\u561b\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\u81f3\u5c11\u6bd4\u4ece\u793e\u4f1a\u673a\u6784\u4e0a\u6536\u8d2d\u6765\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u8981\u9ad825%-40%\u4e0d\u7b49\u3002\u5f53\u7136\u8fd9\u4e00\u5207\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u662f\u5c38\u4f53\u4fdd\u6301\u5b8c\u6574\u548c\u6709\u533b\u5b66\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u6b8b\u7f3a\u7684\u5c38\u4f53\u548c\u8fc7\u5ea6\u8150\u70c2\u7684\uff0c\u4ef7\u683c\u5c31\u4f1a\u4e00\u843d\u5343\u4e08\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
19\u4e16\u754c\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u76d7\u5893\u56e2\u4f19<\/p>\n
\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u6015\u88ab\u76d7\u5893\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n
\u9664\u4e86\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u5c0a\u4e25\u89c2\u5ff5\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u666e\u904d\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u8ff7\u4fe1\u3002\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u53e4\u4ee3\u8eab\u4f53\u53d1\u80a4\u53d7\u4e4b\u7236\u6bcd\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\uff0c\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6211\u5b8c\u6574\u5730\u6765\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u5b8c\u6574\u5730\u79bb\u5f00\uff0c\u7edd\u5bf9\u4e0d\u80fd\u7f3a\u5c11\u67d0\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u5728\u4ed6\uff08\u5979\uff09\u6b7b\u540e\u7684\u4e16\u754c\uff08afterlife\uff09\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u8d85\u751f\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u8fd9\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u613f\u610f\u82b1\u5f88\u591a\u94b1\u96c7\u4f63\u5b88\u5893\u4eba\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u4e0d\u613f\u610f\u63a5\u53d7\u89e3\u5256\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u88ab\u5207\u5f97\u4e03\u96f6\u516b\u843d\u7684\uff0c\u600e\u4e48\u6295\u80ce\uff1f<\/p>\n
\u6bd4\u6d4e\u8d2b\u9662\u7684\u6076\u68cd\u4eec\u548c\u76d7\u5893\u8005\u66f4\u8fc7\u5206\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8c0b\u6740\u72af\u4e86\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u7684\u8def\u9053\u6700\u7c97\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e70\u5356\u5c38\u4f53\u8fd9\u4e00\u884c\u5b9e\u5728\u662f\u592a\u66b4\u5229\u4e86\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u94e4\u800c\u8d70\u9669\uff0c\u65e2\u4e0d\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u52ab\u8d22\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5bfb\u4ec7\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u6740\u4e2a\u4eba\u5f97\u5230\u5176\u5c38\u4f53\u3002<\/p>\n
1831\u5e74\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u4e00\u4ef6\u9707\u60ca\u5168\u82f1\u7684\u5927\u6848\u5b50\uff0c\u5728\u8001\u8d1d\u5229\uff08Old Baily\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u5211\u4e8b\u6cd5\u5ead\uff09\u5224\u7684\uff0c\u4e09\u4e2a\u5acc\u7591\u4eba\uff0cJohn Bishop, Thomas Williams\u548cJames May, \u88ab\u6307\u63a7\u6545\u610f\u8c0b\u6740\u548c\u76d7\u5356\u5c38\u4f53\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5728\u4ea4\u53c9\u8be2\u95ee\u9636\u6bb5\u4e09\u4e2a\u4eba\u5168\u90fd\u5426\u8ba4\u6307\u63a7\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u540e\u6765\u63a7\u65b9\u5f8b\u5e08\u8fd8\u662f\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u6b7b\u8005\u8116\u5b50\u4e0a\u7684\u52d2\u75d5\uff08\u539f\u8bdd\u662f\uff0c\u201cascribed to a blow on the back of the neck\u201d\uff09, \u7ed3\u5408\u63a7\u65b9\u8bc1\u4eba\u5173\u4e8e\u4e09\u4eba\u572824\u5c0f\u65f6\u5185\u5c06\u5c38\u4f53\u51fa\u552e\u7684\u8bc1\u8bcd\uff0c\u4e09\u4e2a\u4eba\u6700\u7ec8\u88ab\u5168\u90e8\u5b9a\u7f6a\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5224\u5904\u7ede\u5211\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u5f53\u65f6\u63cf\u7ed8\u6740\u4eba\u8d8a\u5c38\u7684\u6f2b\u753b<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u4ef6\u6848\u5b50\u76f4\u63a5\u5f15\u7206\u4e86\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u8206\u8bba\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u5728\u58f0\u660e\u8981\u6c42\u4e25\u60e9\u51f6\u624b\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u5728\u5f3a\u70c8\u6297\u8bae\u843d\u540e\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5bf9\u533b\u5b66\u9662\u4f9b\u5e94\u5c38\u4f53\u7684\u9650\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8bae\u4f1a\u7684\u6597\u4e89\u548c1832\u5e74\u89e3\u5256\u6cd5\u6848\u7684\u9881\u5e03<\/p>\n
\u4e8e\u662f\u5230\u4e861832\u5e74\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u53d7\u4e0d\u4e86\u538b\u529b\uff0c\u628a\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b\u4ea4\u5230\u8bae\u4f1a\u6765\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5de6\u6d3e\u7684\u6700\u4e3b\u6d41\u7684\u610f\u89c1\u662f\uff0c\u65e2\u7136\u533b\u5b66\u53d1\u5c55\u8fd9\u4e48\u5927\u7684\u9700\u8981\u548c\u5c38\u4f53\u4f9b\u5e94\u6570\u91cf\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u77db\u76fe\u4e0d\u53ef\u8c03\u548c\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0a\u6709\u5404\u79cd\u5404\u6837\u975e\u6cd5\u7684\u6e20\u9053\uff0c\u53cd\u6b63\u4f60\u4e5f\u5835\u4e0d\u4f4f\uff0c\u4e0d\u5982\u5c31\u987a\u52bf\u800c\u4e3a\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u575a\u51b3\u652f\u6301\u6269\u5927\u5408\u6cd5\u5c38\u6e90\u4f9b\u5e94\u6e20\u9053\uff0c\u5c06\u6d4e\u8d2b\u9662\u3001\u533b\u9662\u548c\u76d1\u72f1\u6b63\u5e38\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7684\u5c38\u4f53\u7528\u6765\u4f9b\u5e94\u89e3\u5256\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5b8c\u5168\u5408\u6cd5\u5316\uff0c\u5f7b\u5e95\u6d88\u706d\u9ed1\u5e02\u4f9b\u5e94\u94fe\uff0c\u675c\u7edd\u8c0b\u6740\u53d6\u5c38\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5bfc\u81f4\u5de6\u6d3e\u610f\u89c1\u8fd9\u4e48\u6fc0\u70c8\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u521a\u624d\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u201c\u4e09\u4eba\u8c0b\u6740\u76d7\u5c38\u6848\u201d\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u67091831\u5e74\u4e0b\u534a\u5e74\u53d1\u751f\u7684”Burking Shop Destoryed\u6848”\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6848\u5b50\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u963f\u4f2f\u4e01\uff0c\u8be5\u5e02\u9690\u85cf\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6765\u5206\u7c7b\u3001\u4e2d\u8f6c\u548c\u4e34\u65f6\u89e3\u5256\u4f7f\u7528\u7a92\u606f\u6cd5\u8c0b\u6740\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u5c38\u4f53\u7684\u8425\u4e1a\u573a\u6240\uff08anotomist\u2018s house\uff09\u3002\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\u88ab\u51e0\u4e2a\u5e02\u6c11\u5076\u7136\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4ece\u91cc\u9762\u7ffb\u51fa\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u6216\u5b8c\u6574\u6216\u6b8b\u7f3a\u7684\u975e\u6b63\u5e38\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7684\u5c38\u4f53\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u7fa4\u60c5\u6fc0\u6124\u7684\u7fa4\u4f17\u5c31\u8fc5\u901f\u5305\u56f4\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u9ad8\u558a\u7740\u201cBurn the house down with the burking shop\u201d\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u653e\u706b\u711a\u70e7\u8fd9\u680b\u5efa\u7b51\u3002\u539f\u672c\u4e00\u767e\u591a\u4eba\u7684\u961f\u4f0d\uff0c\u8fc5\u901f\u589e\u957f\u5230\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e24\u5343\u4eba\uff0c\u572819\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\uff0c\u963f\u4f2f\u4e01\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u975e\u5927\u90fd\u5e02\u533a\uff0c\u4e24\u5343\u4eba\u7684\u6e38\u884c\u95f9\u4e8b\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\u6765\u8bf4\u7b80\u76f4\u5c31\u662f\u6050\u6016\u5f97\u65e0\u6cd5\u7528\u8bed\u8a00\u5f62\u5bb9\uff0c\u5dee\u4e00\u70b9\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d8\u6210\u653f\u53d8\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u6848\u5b50\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u4e0b\uff0c\u57281832\u5e74\u53ec\u5f00\u7684\u8bae\u4f1a\u4e13\u9898\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e0a\uff0cMaculey\u8bae\u5458\u548cWarburton\u8bae\u5458\u7387\u5148\u63d0\u51fa:<\/p>\n
This is a bill which tends especially to the benefit of the poor, if the education of a surgeon should become very expensive, if the supply of regular surgeons should diminish, the sufferers would be, not the rich, but the poor.<\/p>\n
\u610f\u601d\u662f\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u51cf\u5c11\u76d7\u5893\u548c\u675c\u7edd\u8c0b\u6740\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u6839\u672c\u539f\u56e0\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6cd5\u6848\u4e5f\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u4e3a\u666e\u901a\u5e02\u6c11\u548c\u7a77\u82e6\u4eba\u7740\u60f3\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u57f9\u517b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5916\u79d1\u533b\u751f\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7\u5982\u6b64\u9ad8\u6602\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4ee5\u540e\u5916\u79d1\u533b\u751f\u4f9b\u5e94\u4e0d\u4e0a\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u53d7\u82e6\u7684\u8fd8\u662f\u8001\u767e\u59d3\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5bcc\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u662f\u5176\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5176\u4e8c\uff0cVyvyan\u7235\u58eb\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u65e0\u5bb6\u53ef\u5f52\u7684\u7a77\u4eba\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u6d88\u8017\u4e86\u591a\u5c11\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u5728\u517b\u7740\u4ed6\u4eec\uff0c\u53ef\u8c13\u6b20\u503a\u7d2f\u7d2f\uff0c\u6b7b\u4e86\u4ee5\u540e\u8981\u662f\u80fd\u8d21\u732e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\u4fc3\u8fdb\u533b\u5b66\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\u4e5f\u7b97\u8fd8\u4e86\u8fd9\u7b14\u503a\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5176\u4e09\uff0cWason\u8bae\u5458\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u5c01\u5efa\u8ff7\u4fe1\u8981\u4e0d\u5f97\uff0c\u90fd\u4ec0\u4e48\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e86\uff0c\u8fd8\u90a3\u4e48\u770b\u91cd\u81ea\u5df1\u6b7b\u540e\u7684\u51e0\u4e24\u8089\uff0c\u6b7b\u4e86\u57cb\u5728\u5730\u91cc\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u6837\u70c2\u6389\u3002\u7d22\u6027\u5c31\u6350\u51fa\u6765\u4e3a\u540e\u4eba\u505a\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u957f\u4e86\u4e60\u60ef\u4e86\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u5c31\u90fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8ff7\u4fe1\u89c2\u5ff5\u4e86\uff0c\u6b7b\u540e\u88ab\u89e3\u5256\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d8\u6210\u4e00\u4ef6\u975e\u5e38\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4ef6\u5927\u5927\u7684\u597d\u4e8b\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e49\u6b63\u8a00\u8f9e\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u8fc5\u901f\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u5927\u6279\u8bae\u5458\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff01<\/p>\n
\u542c\u4e86\u8fd9\u8bdd\uff0c\u4fdd\u5b88\u6d3e\u7684\u8bae\u5458\u5f53\u7136\u5c31\u5750\u4e0d\u4f4f\u4e86\u3002\u4ee5Hurren\u7235\u58eb\u548cKing\u8bae\u5458\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u53f3\u6d3e\u8bae\u5458\u76f4\u63a5\u5728\u8bae\u4f1a\u5c31\u62cd\u4e0a\u684c\u5b50\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n
\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fde\u5bf9\u73b0\u884c\u7684\u89e3\u5256\u6b7b\u5211\u72af\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u90fd\u9887\u6709\u5fae\u8bcd\uff0c\u5728\u4eba\u6743\u89c2\u70b9\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ecf\u540c\u610f\u89e3\u5256\u6b7b\u5211\u72af\u65e0\u5f02\u4e8e\u5728\u6b7b\u5211\u4e4b\u4e0a\u989d\u5916\u65bd\u52a0\u4e00\u9053\u60e9\u7f5a\uff0c\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u6c38\u4e16\u4e0d\u5f97\u8d85\u751f\u3002\u8c01\u89c4\u5b9a\u4f60\u4eec\u6709\u8fd9\u6743\u529b\u7684\uff1f<\/p>\n
\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u4f60\u4eec\u8bf4\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u4f18\u70b9\u54b1\u90fd\u627f\u8ba4\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e00\u65e6\u5f00\u653e\u666e\u901a\u5c38\u6e90\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5f88\u591a\u8fc7\u53bb\u975e\u6cd5\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u5316\uff0c\u65e0\u5f62\u4e2d\u52a0\u5f3a\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u9ed1\u8272\u5229\u76ca\u94fe\u6761\uff0c\u4f60\u4eec\u5c31\u7b49\u7740\u770b\u533b\u9662\u91cc\u90a3\u4e9b\u65e0\u826f\u7684\u533b\u751f\u3001\u6d4e\u8d2b\u9662\u7684\u6076\u68cd\u548c\u76d1\u72f1\u91cc\u7684\u72f1\u5352\u7f6e\u522b\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u547d\u4e8e\u4e0d\u987e\u5427\uff0c\u672c\u6765\u80fd\u6551\u52a9\u7684\uff0c\u90fd\u4e0d\u6551\u4e86\uff0c\u7b49\u7740\u4ed6\u4eec\u6b7b\u4e86\u53ef\u4ee5\u5356\u5c38\u3002<\/p>\n
\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u672c\u6765\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5730\u65b9\u90fd\u662f\u7a77\u4eba\u3001\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5bb6\u5ead\u63f4\u52a9\u548c\u5173\u5fc3\u7684\u4eba\u6765\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c31\u7b97\u6b63\u5e38\u6b7b\u4e86\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u4eba\u6765\u6536\u62fe\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u9057\u4ea7\u66f4\u4ed8\u4e0d\u8d77\u9ad8\u6602\u7684\u4e27\u846c\u8d39\uff0c\u8fc7\u4e86\u516d\u4e2a\u793c\u62dc\u8ba4\u9886\u671f\u9650\uff0c\u5c31\u5f97\u9001\u53bb\u89e3\u5256\u3002\u6ca1\u89c1\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e48\u65e0\u803b\u5360\u4eba\u4fbf\u5b9c\u7684\u3002\u66f4\u6709\u751a\u8005\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u5bb6\u660e\u660e\u4ed8\u5f97\u8d77\u5b89\u846c\u8d39\u7684\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u5fc3\u7518\u60c5\u613f\u9001\u4eb2\u4eba\u53bb\u89e3\u5256\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5356\u94b1\u554a\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u5c31\u660e\u76ee\u5f20\u80c6\u5730\u7eb5\u5bb9\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0d\u826f\u98ce\u6c14\u4e86\uff01<\/p>\n
Frederick\u7235\u58eb\u7684\u8bdd\u66f4\u4e00\u9488\u89c1\u8840\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8bf4\u5bcc\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b89\u846c\u5165\u571f\u4e3a\u5b89\uff0c\u7a77\u4eba\u6b7b\u540e\u5c31\u8981\u88ab\u89e3\u5256\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u4e0d\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u5f85\u9047\uff0c\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u7740\u8d2b\u7a77\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7f6a\uff0c\u800c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ece\u751f\u5230\u6b7b\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u8d44\u683c\u4eab\u53d7\u5c0a\u4e25\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u5c31\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u5728\u5435\u4e86\u65e0\u6570\u67b6\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u4fdd\u5b88\u515a\u6d3e\u8fd8\u662f\u62d7\u4e0d\u8fc7\u793e\u4f1a\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u548c\u9ad8\u538b\u7684\u7ef4\u7a33\u6001\u52bf\uff0c\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u8ba9\u6b65\uff0c\u5728\u8bae\u4f1a\u52c9\u5f3a\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u89e3\u5256\u6cd5\u6848\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u533b\u751f\u3001\u533b\u9662\u5b66\u7684\u6559\u5e08\u548c\u5b66\u751f\u6269\u5927\u4ed6\u4eec\u83b7\u5f97\u5c38\u4f53\u7684\u6e20\u9053\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u8feb\u4f7f\u5de6\u6d3e\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u5173\u4e8e\u89e3\u5256\u7528\u5c38\u590d\u6742\u800c\u4e25\u8c28\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u6700\u5927\u9650\u5ea6\u907f\u514d\u6f20\u89c6\u751f\u547d\u548c\u94bb\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7a7a\u5b50\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n
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