{"id":47815,"date":"2025-03-13T13:04:05","date_gmt":"2025-03-13T05:04:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/?p=47815"},"modified":"2025-03-13T13:04:05","modified_gmt":"2025-03-13T05:04:05","slug":"%e4%b8%8a%e4%b8%aa%e4%b8%96%e7%ba%aa%ef%bc%8c%e8%8b%b1%e5%9b%bd%e4%bc%a6%e6%95%a6%e6%98%af%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e6%b8%85%e7%90%86%e8%b4%ab%e6%b0%91%e7%aa%9f%e7%9a%84%ef%bc%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/?p=47815","title":{"rendered":"\u4e0a\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u4f26\u6566\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u6e05\u7406\u8d2b\u6c11\u7a9f\u7684\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u6765\u6e90: \u7c73\u5b85<\/p>\n

\u8d2b\u6c11\u7a9f\u4e00\u822c\u6307\u57ce\u5e02\u4e2d\u8d2b\u56f0\u4eba\u53e3\u5c45\u4f4f\u7684\uff0c\u7531\u8d28\u91cf\u6076\u52a3\u4f4f\u623f\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u62e5\u6324\u4f4f\u5b85\u533a\uff0c\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u5c45\u6c11\u90fd\u662f\u8d2b\u6c11\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u5730\u533a\u7684\u8d2b\u6c11\u7a9f\u5404\u6709\u7279\u70b9\uff0c\u4f46\u4e00\u822c\u90fd\u7f3a\u4e4f\u536b\u751f\u8bbe\u65bd\uff0c\u6e05\u6d01\u4f9b\u6c34\uff0c\u53ef\u9760\u4f9b\u7535\uff0c\u6267\u6cd5\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u57fa\u672c\u670d\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8d2b\u6c11\u7a9f\u4e00\u822c\u4f34\u968f\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u57ce\u5e02\u5316\u548c\u4eba\u53e3\u589e\u591a\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\uff0c18-20\u4e16\u7eaa\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u548c\u6b27\u6d32\u90fd\u666e\u904d\u5b58\u5728\u8d2b\u6c11\u7a9f\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u8d2b\u6c11\u7a9f\u4ecd\u7136\u5927\u91cf\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u4e0d\u53d1\u8fbe\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u5730\u533a\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5728\u53d1\u8fbe\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u8d2b\u6c11\u7a9f\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u7edd\u8ff9\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8d2b\u6c11\u7a9f\u901a\u5e38\u5b58\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u98ce\u9669\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u98ce\u9669\u3002\u9664\u5c45\u4f4f\u73af\u5883\u5bf9\u5065\u5eb7\u6709\u5bb3\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u5b58\u5728\u4eba\u4e3a\u5371\u9669\uff0c\u8bf8\u5982\u6709\u6bd2\u5de5\u4e1a\uff0c\u4ea4\u901a\u5835\u585e\uff0c\u5371\u9669\u8fdd\u7ae0\u5efa\u7b51\uff0c\u706b\u707e\u9690\u60a3\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7531\u4e8e\u4f4e\u6536\u5165\u4eba\u7fa4\u5c45\u4f4f\u4ee5\u53ca\u8d2b\u6c11\u533a\u7684\u9ad8\u5931\u4e1a\u7387\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u90a3\u91cc\u5f80\u5f80\u4f1a\u5b58\u5728\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u4e2a\u4f53\u7ecf\u6d4e\uff0c\u8bf8\u5982\u5404\u79cd\u5c0f\u5546\u8d29\uff0c\u64e6\u978b\uff0c\u88c1\u7f1d\uff0c\u5404\u79cd\u7ef4\u4fee\u8005\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u4f4e\u6280\u80fd\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u5df4\u897f\u5927\u57ce\u5e02\uff0c\u5361\u62c9\u5947\uff0c\u7ea6\u7ff0\u5185\u65af\u5821\u7b49\u5730\u7684\u8d2b\u6c11\u7a9f\u4e2d\uff0c\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8fd8\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u62ec\u975e\u6cd5\u7269\u8d44\uff0c\u6b66\u5668\u8d70\u79c1\uff0c\u6bd2\u54c1\uff0c\u5356\u6deb\uff0c\u8d4c\u535a\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u77f3\u6cb9\u751f\u4ea7\u5927\u56fd\u59d4\u5185\u745e\u62c9\uff0c\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e00\u534a\u4eba\u53e3\u8d2b\u56f0\u3002\u5728\u9996\u90fd\u52a0\u62c9\u52a0\u65af\u4e1c\u90e8\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u5927\u9762\u79ef\u7684\u8d2b\u6c11\u805a\u96c6\u5730\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u5370\u5ea6\u5b5f\u4e70\u8fbe\u62c9\u7ef4\u8d2b\u6c11\u533a\uff0c\u4f30\u8ba1100\u4e07\u4eba\u5728\u6b64\u751f\u6d3b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5f53\u4eca\u4e16\u754c\u4e94\u5927\u8d2b\u6c11\u7a9f\uff1a<\/p>\n

1\uff09\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\uff0f\u5361\u62c9\u5947\u7684\u6c83\u5170\u5947\u9547\uff08Orangi Town, Karachi, Pakistan\uff09\u4e16\u754c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8d2b\u6c11\u7a9f\uff0c\u5c45\u6c11\u4eba\u6570\u4f30\u8ba1\u4e3a240\u4e07\u3002
\n2\uff09\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\uff0f\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u57ce\u5e97\u66f2\u8fbe\u5fb7\u5185\u624e\uff08Ciudad Neza, Mexico City, Mexico\uff09\u4f4d\u4e8e\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u9996\u90fd\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u57ce\u4e1c\u90e8\u7684\u66f2\u8fbe\u5fb7\u5185\u624e\uff0c\u5c45\u6c11\u4f30\u8ba1120\u4e07\u3002
\n3\uff09\u5370\u5ea6\u5b5f\u4e70\u8fbe\u62c9\u7ef4\uff08Dharavi, Mumbai, India\uff09\u5370\u5ea6\u5b5f\u4e70\u8fbe\u62c9\u7ef4\u66fe\u662f\u7535\u5f71\u300a\u8d2b\u6c11\u7a9f\u7684\u767e\u4e07\u5bcc\u7fc1\u300b\u62cd\u6444\u7684\u5730\u70b9\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u5c45\u4f4f\u4eba\u53e3\u7ea6100\u4e07\u3002
\n4\uff09\u80af\u5c3c\u4e9a\u5185\u7f57\u6bd5\u57fa\u8d1d\u62c9\uff08Kibera, Nairobi, Kenya\uff09\u79bb\u5185\u7f57\u6bd5\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e94\u516c\u91cc\u5916\u7684\u57fa\u8d1d\u62c9\uff0c\u5c45\u4f4f\u4e86\u7ea670\u4e07\u4eba\u3002
\n5\uff09\u5357\u975e\u5f00\u666e\u6566\u7684\u5361\u8036\u5229\u7279\u6c99 \uff08Khayelitsha, Cape Town, South Africa\uff092011\u5e74\u4eba\u53e3\u666e\u67e5\u79f0\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u4f4f\u774040\u4e07\u4eba\uff0c\u4f46\u6743\u76ca\u4eba\u58eb\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u4eba\u53e3\u5e94\u8be5\u81f3\u5c11\u6709120\u4e07\u3002<\/p>\n

1940\u5e74\u4ee3”\u7f8e\u56fd\u4f4f\u623f\u5f53\u5c40”\u7684\u5e7f\u544a\u5c31\u76f4\u622a\u4e86\u5f53\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c”\u8d2b\u6c11\u7a9f\u4ea7\u751f\u72af\u7f6a”\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e13\u5bb6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u72af\u7f6a\u662f\u8d2b\u6c11\u7a9f\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u95ee\u9898\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u6570\u636e\u663e\u793a\u8d2b\u6c11\u7a9f\u72af\u7f6a\u7387\u66f4\u9ad8\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u82f1\u56fd\u524a\u51cf\u798f\u5229\u5f00\u652f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u623f\u4ef7\u9ad8\u6da8\u5bfc\u81f4\u65e0\u5bb6\u53ef\u5f52\u8005\u589e\u52a0\u4ee5\u53ca\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u88ab\u8feb\u8fc1\u79fb<\/p>\n

\u5f53\u5e74\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u8d2b\u6c11\u7a9f\u4e0e\u798f\u5229\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5f62\u6210<\/p>\n

19\u4e16\u7eaa\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u4f26\u6566\u6cf0\u6664\u58eb\u6cb3\u7801\u5934\u548c\u5de5\u4e1a\u533a\u6269\u5927\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u8457\u540d\u7684”\u4f26\u6566\u4e1c\u533a”\uff0c\u90a3\u91cc\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u7559\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u89c4\u5212\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u4eba\u53e3\u7a20\u5bc6\u7684\u7a77\u4eba\u533a\u3002\u90a3\u4e9b\u7a77\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u89c1\u4e8e\u72c4\u66f4\u65af\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5982\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u719f\u77e5\u7684\u300a\u96fe\u90fd\u5b64\u513f\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u82f1\u56fd\u8d2b\u6c11\u7a9f\u4e00\u822c\u548c\u5de5\u4e1a\u9769\u547d\u4e0e\u7ef4\u591a\u5229\u4e9a\u65f6\u671f\u76f8\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u88ab\u79f0\u4f5c”\u4f4f\u4eba\u7684\u725b\u68da”\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u72b6\u51b5\u4e00\u76f4\u5b58\u5728\u52301940s\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u82f1\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\u6e05\u7406\u8d2b\u6c11\u7a9f\u7684\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u5e76\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u5efa\u9020\u65b0\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u798f\u5229\u623f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u82f1\u56fd\u5728\u4e24\u6b21\u5927\u6218\u540e\u90fd\u4e0b\u5927\u529b\u6c14\u6e05\u7406\u8d2b\u6c11\u7a9f\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u82f1\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u6279\u51c6\uff0c\u8ba9\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\u5bf9\u8d2b\u6c11\u533a\u8fdb\u884c\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u6e05\u7406\u548c\u91cd\u5efa\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u540e\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u53d1\u8d77\u4e86”\u8ba9\u82f1\u96c4\u5b89\u5c45”\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u4e3a\u9000\u4f0d\u58eb\u5175\u53ca\u5176\u5bb6\u4eba\u63d0\u4f9b\u57fa\u672c\u4f4f\u623f\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u82f1\u56fd\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\u4f4f\u623f\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u4f4f\u623f\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u6269\u53ca\u56fd\u5bb6\u5176\u4f59\u4eba\u53e3\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5f53\u65f6\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u6e05\u7406\u6539\u9020\u82f1\u56fd\u5de5\u4e1a\u9769\u547d\u65f6\u671f\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u57ce\u5e02\u5316\u671f\u95f4\u5efa\u9020\u7684\u4f4f\u623f\u548c\u7ef4\u591a\u5229\u4e9a\u65f6\u671f\u5efa\u9020\u7684\u8fde\u6392\u623f\u5c4b\u548c\u80cc\u5bf9\u80cc\u7684\u8fde\u6392\u623f\u5c4b\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u6ca1\u6709\u536b\u751f\u8bbe\u65bd\u7684\u4f4f\u623f\u5230\u4e86\u4e8c\u6218\u524d\u5df2\u7ecf\u7ed3\u6784\u8001\u5316\u7834\u8d25\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u5bb6\u90a3\u65f6\u5019\u5c31\u6324\u4f4f\u5728\u4e00\u95f4\u623f\u91cc\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6e05\u7406\u6539\u9020\u8fc7\u7a0b\u56e0\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u4e2d\u65ad\u3002\u4e8c\u6218\u540e\u5927\u6279\u519b\u4eba\u9000\u4f0d\u52a0\u5267\u4e86\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u623f\u5c4b\u7d27\u5f20\u72b6\u51b5\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u6218\u65f6\u8f70\u70b8\u6bc1\u6389\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u4f4f\u623f\uff0c\u4f7f\u4f4f\u623f\u5371\u673a\u66f4\u52a0\u4e25\u91cd\u3002\u4e8c\u6218\u540e\u7684\u5de5\u515a\u653f\u5e9c\u5c06\u4f4f\u623f\u5217\u4e3a\u4e3b\u8981\u798f\u5229\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u518d\u6b21\u8ba9\u6e05\u7406\u8d2b\u6c11\u533a\u6210\u4e3a\u5730\u533a\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u57281950-70s\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u6e05\u7406\u8d2b\u6c11\u7a9f\u6d89\u53ca\u5230300\u591a\u4e07\u4eba\uff0c\u5360\u5168\u56fd\u4eba\u53e3\u768415%\uff0c\u662f\u6218\u540e\u540c\u82f1\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u533b\u7597\u670d\u52a1\u548c\u82f1\u56fd\u94c1\u8def\u5e76\u9a7e\u9f50\u9a71\u7684\u5927\u578b\u516c\u5171\u9879\u76ee\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u5411\u5f53\u5c40\u9012\u4ea4\u8054\u7f72\u4fe1\u7684\u4eba\u8bf4”\u9a71\u9010\u5916\u6765\u6237”\u8fdd\u5baa\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4eba\u628a\u5f53\u5c40\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u540c\u8fc7\u53bb\u8feb\u5bb3\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u76f8\u63d0\u5e76\u8bba\uff081943\u5e74\u5728\u534e\u6c99\u5fb7\u56fd\u7eb3\u7cb9\u519b\u5b98\u76d8\u95ee\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\uff09<\/p>\n

\u82f1\u56fd\u4e24\u6b21\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u6e05\u7406\u8d2b\u6c11\u7a9f\u90fd\u53d1\u751f\u57281917\u5e74\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u9769\u547d\u4ee5\u540e\u3002\u5927\u6218\u4e2d\u82f1\u56fd\u5e95\u5c42\u6c11\u4f17\u5728\u524d\u7ebf\u4f5c\u51fa\u5de8\u5927\u727a\u7272\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u4e16\u754c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5927\u8427\u6761\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u5931\u4e1a\u548c\u75db\u82e6\uff0c\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u5bf9\u5e95\u5c42\u8d2b\u56f0\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u52a0\u5927\u4e86\u4fc3\u8fdb\u793e\u4f1a\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u538b\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5f53\u65f6\u6269\u5927\u7a77\u4eba\u798f\u5229\u88ab\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u907f\u514d\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u653e\u4efb\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u5e02\u573a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u4e2d\u95f4\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u751a\u81f3\u6709\u6d41\u884c\u8bf4\u6cd5\u662f\uff1a\u201c\u798f\u5229\u5236\u5ea6\u662f\u5bf9\u4ed8\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u5a01\u80c1\u7684\u6700\u597d\u9632\u5fa1\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u201c\u65e0\u5bb6\u53ef\u5f52\u201d\u4e00\u6837\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u53d1\u751f<\/p>\n

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