\u4f5c\u8005: \u97e6\u68ee\u00a0 \u00a0 \u6765\u6e90: \u53cb\u670b\u8bf4<\/p>\n
\u5728\u300a\u8fd8\u539f\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u7f8e\u8054\u50a8\u300b\uff08\u6d59\u6c5f\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e2013\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\uff09\u8fd9\u672c\u975e\u5e38\u503c\u5f97\u4e00\u8bfb\u7684\u597d\u4e66\u4e2d\uff0c\u5728\u7f8e\u8054\u50a8\u8fbe\u62c9\u65af\u50a8\u5907\u94f6\u884c\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u9ad8\u7ea7\u534e\u88d4\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u738b\u5065\u535a\u58eb\u5199\u5230\uff1a\u201c\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u516c\u4f17\u4e00\u76f4\u5bf9\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u6743\u9650\u8fc7\u5927\u975e\u5e38\u62c5\u5fc3\u3002\u4e0d\u5938\u5f20\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u4e0d\u4fe1\u4efb\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4e4b\u4e00\u201d\uff08\u89c1\u8be5\u4e66\u7b2c11\u9875\uff0c\u4e0b\u540c\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u8bdd\u4e00\u70b9\u4e0d\u5047\u3002\u6b63\u56e0\u4e3a\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u516c\u4f17\u5bf9\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0d\u4fe1\u4efb\u8fd9\u4e00\u7acb\u56fd\u54f2\u5b66\u57fa\u7840\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd1776\u5efa\u56fd\u540e\u7684\u5baa\u6cd5\u6240\u8bbe\u5b9a\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6846\u67b6\u91c7\u53d6\u4e86\u4e09\u6743\u5206\u7acb\u7684\u5baa\u653f\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u5236\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u603b\u7edf\u5728\u5185\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u653f\u5e9c\u5b98\u5458\u7684\u610f\u5fd7\u548c\u51b3\u7b56\uff0c\u603b\u8981\u53d7\u5230\u6743\u529b\u5236\u8861\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u6743\u529b\u662f\u4e0d\u53d7\u5236\u7ea6\u7684\u7edd\u5bf9\u6743\u529b\u300220\u4e16\u7eaa\u540e\u624d\u51fa\u73b0\u548c\u8bbe\u7acb\u7684\u7f8e\u8054\u50a8\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u8fd9\u4e00\u5206\u6743\u5236\u8861\u7acb\u56fd\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u767e\u5e74\u6f14\u5316\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u57281776\u5e74\u7f8e\u56fd\u5efa\u56fd\u540e\uff0c\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u8d27\u5e01\u548c\u94f6\u884c\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u767e\u5e74\u6df7\u4e71\u548c\u6f14\u53d8\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u6570\u767e\u5bb6\u94f6\u884c\u5012\u95ed\u76841907\u5e74\u7f8e\u56fd\u91d1\u878d\u5927\u6050\u614c\u540e\uff0c\u5de5\u5546\u754c\u3001\u91d1\u878d\u754c\u548c\u5b66\u754c\u4e0e\u653f\u754c\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u624d\u9010\u6e10\u8fbe\u6210\u4e86\u5efa\u7acb\u4e2d\u592e\u94f6\u884c\u7684\u5171\u8bc6\u3002\u52301913\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u4f1a\u5728\u4e89\u8bae\u4e2d\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u300a\u8054\u90a6\u50a8\u5907\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\uff08Federal Reserve Act\uff09\uff0c\u52301914\u5e7411\u670816\u65e5\uff0c\u7f8e\u8054\u50a8\u624d\u5ba3\u544a\u6210\u7acb\uff08\u89c1\u4e2d\u56fd\u91d1\u878d\u535a\u7269\u9986\uff1a\u300a\u767e\u5e74\u7f8e\u8054\u50a8\u300b\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\u8054\u5408\u51fa\u7248\u516c\u53f8\u51fa\u7248\uff09\u3002\u201c\u5728\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0a\uff0c\u7f8e\u8054\u50a8\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u662f\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u673a\u6784\u52a0\u975e\u76c8\u5229\u6027\u673a\u6784\u53cc\u4ece\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u8d27\u5e01\u653f\u7b56\u5b8c\u5168\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u624b\u91cc\u201d\uff08\u738b\u5065\uff0c\u540c\u4e0a\uff0c\u7b2c11\u9875\uff09\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u73b0\u4ee3\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u4e2d\u592e\u94f6\u884c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7f8e\u8054\u50a8\uff0c\u4e0e\u5176\u8bf4\u662f\u653f\u5e9c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u8d27\u5e01\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b98\u65b9\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u6bcb\u5b81\u8bf4\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f8\u5bf9\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u4e2d\u592e\u94f6\u884c\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u738b\u5065\u535a\u58eb\u6240\u8bb2\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u7f8e\u8054\u50a8\u7684\u201c\u9020\u5e01\u6743\u201d\u662f\u65e0\u9650\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u201c\u5173\u952e\u662f\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e2\u80fd\u7ea6\u675f\u8fd9\u79cd\u65e0\u9650\u9020\u5e01\u6743\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u8ba9\u592e\u884c\u6210\u4e3a\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u63d0\u6b3e\u673a\uff0c\u968f\u5fc3\u6240\u6b32\u5730\u5370\u53d1\u8d27\u5e01\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u7f8e\u8054\u50a8\u548c\u4e16\u754c\u5176\u4ed6[\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684]\u4e3b\u8981\u592e\u884c\u91c7\u53d6\u7684\u4ee5\u901a\u8d27\u81a8\u80c0\u4e3a\u951a\u7684\u8d27\u5e01\u53d1\u884c\u6a21\u5f0f\u548c\u5f3a\u8c03\u592e\u884c\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u7ea6\u675f\u592e\u884c\u7684\u65e0\u9650\u9020\u5e01\u6743\u201d\uff08\u7b2c63\u9875\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u4efb\u4f55\u653f\u5e9c\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u7ba1\u63a7\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u6743\u529b\u90fd\u8981\u53d7\u5230\u5236\u8861\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u73b0\u4ee3\u56fd\u5bb6\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u524d\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u7684\u5c01\u5efa\u738b\u671d\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e1d\u738b\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6743\u529b\u624d\u662f\u4e0d\u53d7\u4efb\u4f55\u7ea6\u675f\u548c\u5236\u8861\u7edd\u5bf9\u6743\u529b\u3002\u4ece\u82f1\u56fd1215\u5e74\u7684\u300a\u5927\u5baa\u7ae0\u300b\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u738b\u5728\u6cd5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u8fd9\u5df2\u7ecf\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u56fd\u5bb6\u5236\u5ea6\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u4e86\u3002\u800c\u7f8e\u8054\u50a8\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3001\u8fd0\u4f5c\u548c\u6f14\u53d8\uff0c\u4ece\u6574\u4f53\u4e0a\u6765\u770b\u4e5f\u7b26\u5408\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u56fd\u5bb6\u5236\u5ea6\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8981\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4ece\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5927\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u6f14\u53d8\u53f2\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u8d27\u5e01\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u4efb\u4f55\u56fd\u5bb6\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5174\u8870\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u524d\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u6587\u660e\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u56fd\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u5316\u7a0b\u5ea6\u90fd\u4e0d\u9ad8\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e5f\u957f\u671f\u6ca1\u6709\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u8d27\u5e01\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e0d\u662f\u60f3\u4eca\u5929\u8fd9\u6837\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u8bb0\u5f55\u503a\u52a1\u548c\u8f85\u52a9\u5e02\u573a\u4ea4\u6613\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u81ea\u516c\u5143\u524d6\u4e16\u7eaa\u5de6\u53f3\u5728\u4e09\u5927\u6587\u660e\u4e2d\u6700\u65e9\u51fa\u73b0\u94f8\u5e01\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u5728\u4e24\u5343\u591a\u5e74\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\uff0c\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u56fd\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\u90fd\u6709\u6709\u5b98\u94f8\u4e0e\u6c11\u94f8\uff08\u6b27\u6d32\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u5404\u9886\u4e3b\u66fe\u5927\u91cf\u94f8\u9020\u94f6\u5e01\uff09\u3001\u5b98\u5bb6\u53d1\u949e\u4e0e\u6c11\u95f4\u79c1\u5370\u949e\u7968\u4e4b\u4e89\u3002\u572814\u300115\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u5b9e\u7269\u91d1\u94f6\u8d27\u5e01\uff0c\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u660e\u6e05\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u4e5f\u7528\u767d\u94f6\u548c\u9ec4\u91d1\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5b9e\u7269\u91d1\u5c5e\u8d27\u5e01\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u94f8\u9020\u8db3\u91cf\u7684\u767d\u94f6\u548c\u9ec4\u91d1\u8d27\u5e01\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u5e02\u573a\u4e0e\u653f\u5e9c\u59a5\u534f\u6765\u7ef4\u6301\u5e02\u573a\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u5230\u4e8616\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u660e\u671d\u7684\u4e07\u5386\u901a\u5b9d\u5728\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u6d41\u901a\u300118\u4e16\u7eaa\u52301935\u5e74\u5965\u5308\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u739b\u5229\u4e9a\u2022\u7279\u4e3d\u838e\u94f6\u5e01\u5728\u975e\u6d32\u548c\u897f\u4e9a\u5927\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u6d41\u901a\uff0c\u90fd\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u7279\u5b9a\u65f6\u4ee3\u548c\u7279\u5b9a\u5730\u533a\u7ef4\u6301\u5e02\u573a\u4ea4\u6613\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u81ea\u53d1\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5143\u671d\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u66fe\u5728\u6a2a\u8de8\u6b27\u4e9a\u5927\u9646\u7684\u8499\u5143\u5e1d\u56fd\u7248\u56fe\u4e0a\u5927\u8303\u56f4\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u767d\u94f6\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u6613\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u5185\u5730\u548c\u8fb9\u7586\u5404\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u5730\u533a\u2014\u2014\u5373\u5982\u4eca\u897f\u85cf\u3001\u65b0\u7586\u3001\u4e91\u5357\u3001\u4e1c\u5317\u5404\u5730\u2014\u2014\u5b9e\u884c\u7eb8\u5e01\u3002\u8499\u5143\u738b\u671d\u5728\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u8fd8\u7279\u522b\u8bbe\u7acb\u201c\u949e\u5238\u63d0\u4e3e\u53f8\u201d\uff0c\u5784\u65ad\u8d27\u5e01\u53d1\u884c\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u4e1d\u548c\u94f6\u4e3a\u672c\u4f4d\u7684\u5143\u949e\u672c\u6765\u7ef4\u6301\u7eb8\u5e01\u4fe1\u7528\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e25\u7981\u79c1\u81ea\u4e70\u5356\u91d1\u94f6\u3002\u5728\u786e\u7acb\u4ea4\u949e\u7684\u6cd5\u507f\u5730\u4f4d\u57fa\u7840\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u949e\u5238\u5747\u53ef\u5b8c\u7a0e\u7eb3\u7cae\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5230\u4e86\u5143\u672b\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u671d\u5ef7\u53ca\u6240\u5c5e\u5404\u8def\u949e\u5e93\u5927\u91cf\u5370\u949e\uff0c\u4e43\u81f3\u4e00\u4e9b\u6743\u8981\u8d35\u5b98\u4e5f\u4efb\u610f\u53d1\u884c\u5370\u949e\u3001\u5404\u5730\u201c\u5978\u6c11\u201d\u66f4\u662f\u4f2a\u9020\u7eb8\u5e01\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u5143\u5e1d\u56fd\u540e\u671f\u5168\u56fd\u6027\u7684\u6076\u6027\u901a\u8d27\u81a8\u80c0\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u5143\u671d\u706d\u4ea1\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e3a\u4e86\u7ba1\u7406\u597d\u8d27\u5e01\uff0c\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u7ba1\u7406\u597d\u901a\u8d27\u81a8\u80c0\u548c\u5e02\u573a\u8d38\u6613\u79e9\u5e8f\uff0c\u5728\u8fd1\u4ee3\u4e4b\u540e\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u56fd\u9646\u7eed\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u4e2d\u592e\u94f6\u884c\u3002\u5230\u4e86\u5341\u4e03\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u6700\u5148\u662f\u5728\u745e\u5178\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u53d1\u949e\u7684\u4e2d\u592e\u94f6\u884c\uff0c\u53eb\u201cRiksbank\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u5bb6Riksbank\u6700\u65e9\u662f\u4e00\u5bb6\u6c11\u95f4\u94f6\u884c\uff0c1656\u5e74\u83b7\u5f97\u7ecf\u8425\u7279\u8bb8\u72b6\uff0c8\u5e74\u540e\u56e0\u4e3a\u574f\u5e10\u5012\u95ed\u30021668\u5e74\uff0c\u745e\u5178\u6839\u636e\u56fd\u4f1a\u7684\u6388\u6743\u91cd\u7ec4\uff0c\u6210\u7acb\u4e86Sveriges Riksbank\uff0c\u662f\u745e\u5178\u738b\u56fd\u552f\u4e00\u53d1\u884c\u7eb8\u5e01\u7684\u4e2d\u592e\u94f6\u884c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u514d\u9664\u7528\u91d1\u5e01\u8d4e\u56de\u7eb8\u5e01\u7684\u4e49\u52a1\u3002\u745e\u5178\u56fd\u5bb6\u94f6\u884c\u4e5f\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u5386\u53f2\u6700\u60a0\u4e45\u7684\u4e2d\u592e\u94f6\u884c\u30021694\u5e74\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u94f6\u884c\uff08Bank of England\uff09\u5f00\u59cb\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u5b83\u6700\u65e9\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u5bb6\u5b9e\u884c\u91d1\u672c\u4f4d\u5236\u53d1\u949e\u7684\u79c1\u4eba\u94f6\u884c\uff0c1946\u5e74\u624d\u88ab\u6536\u5f52\u56fd\u6709\u30021998\u5e74\u6539\u9769\u540e\uff0c\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u94f6\u884c\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u5bb6\u96b6\u5c5e\u4e8e\u82f1\u56fd\u8d22\u653f\u90e8\u7684\u66f4\u52a0\u72ec\u7acb\u5e76\u5177\u6709\u91d1\u878d\u76d1\u7ba1\u804c\u80fd\u7684\u516c\u5171\u673a\u6784\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u745e\u5178\u3001\u8377\u5170\u3001\u82f1\u56fd\u3001\u6cd5\u56fd\u548c\u5fb7\u56fd\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e2d\u592e\u94f6\u884c\u7684\u7f8e\u8054\u50a8\u6210\u7acb\u66f4\u665a\u4e00\u4e9b\uff0c\u4e14\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u5373\u4ee5\u201c\u516c\u79c1\u5408\u8425\u201d\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u6070\u6070\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u8fd9\u4e00\u5206\u6743\u5236\u8861\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\u3002\u5404\u56fd\u72ec\u7acb\u4e2d\u592e\u94f6\u884c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u4e0e\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u8fd9\u672c\u8eab\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u56fd\u5bb6\u5236\u5ea6\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u5927\u8d8b\u52bf\u3002\u6b63\u56e0\u4e3a\u4efb\u4f55\u56fd\u5bb6\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u6709\u653f\u5e9c\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u5e02\u573a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u8d27\u5e01\u3002\u5982\u4f55\u53d1\u884c\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u8d27\u5e01\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u4e00\u4e2a\u653f\u5e9c\u5982\u4f55\u5f81\u7a0e\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u82b1\u94b1\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u73b0\u4ee3\u56fd\u5bb6\u7acb\u56fd\u7684\u6839\u672c\u6027\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u5efa\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4ece\u7f8e\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u57281776\u5e74\u7f8e\u56fd\u72ec\u7acb\u6218\u4e89\u80dc\u5229\u540e\uff0c\u5341\u591a\u5e74\u95f4\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u8d27\u5e01\u3002\u57281785\uff5e1788\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u4e1c\u90e8\u51e0\u4e2a\u5dde\u5f00\u59cb\u94f8\u9020\u548c\u53d1\u884c\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u94dc\u94f8\u5e01\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u652f\u4ed8\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u72ec\u7acb\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u503a\u52a1\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u4f1a\u4e5f\u66fe\u53d1\u884c\u4e86\u7eb8\u5e01\uff0c\u53eb\u505a\u201c\u5927\u9646\u5e01\u201d\uff0c\u5e76\u5f15\u81f4\u4e86\u6076\u6027\u901a\u8d27\u81a8\u80c0\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u5efa\u56fd\u521d\u671f\u7684\u6076\u6027\u901a\u80c0\u548c\u653f\u5e9c\u6ee5\u5f81\u7a0e\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd1786\u5e74\u7684\u8c22\u65af\u8d77\u4e49\uff08Shays Rebellion\uff09\u3002\u4e5f\u6b63\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u8c22\u65af\u8d77\u4e49\uff0c\u57281787\u5e74\u901a\u8fc7\u7684\u300a\u7f8e\u56fd\u5baa\u6cd5\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u6761\u7b2c\u516b\u6b3e\u89c4\u5b9a\u56fd\u4f1a\u63a7\u5236\u7a0e\u6536\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u660e\u786e\u52a0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6761\u6b3e\uff1a\u56fd\u4f1a\u8d1f\u8d23\u201c\u94f8\u9020\u8d27\u5e01\uff0c\u5398\u5b9a\u56fd\u5e01\u548c\u5916\u5e01\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u5e76\u786e\u5b9a\u5ea6\u91cf\u8861\u7684\u6807\u51c6\uff1b\u5236\u5b9a\u5173\u4e8e\u4f2a\u9020\u5408\u4f17\u56fd\u8bc1\u5238\u548c\u901a\u8d27\u7684\u7f5a\u5219\u201d\uff1b\u5e76\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u6761\u7b2c\u5341\u6b3e\u660e\u786e\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u5dde\u653f\u5e9c\u201c\u4e0d\u5f97\u94f8\u9020\u8d27\u5e01\uff1b\u4e0d\u5f97\u53d1\u884c\u4fe1\u7528\u5238\uff1b\u4e0d\u5f97\u5c06\u91d1\u94f6\u5e01\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u7269\u54c1\u4f5c\u4e3a\u507f\u8fd8\u503a\u52a1\u7684\u6cd5\u5b9a\u8d27\u5e01\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5baa\u6cd5\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u5c31\u660e\u786e\u628a\u5f81\u7a0e\u6743\u3001\u94f8\u5e01\u6743\u548c\u8d27\u5e01\u53d1\u884c\u6743\u5b8c\u5168\u638c\u63a7\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u8054\u90a6\u8bae\u4f1a\u624b\u4e2d\u3002\u63a5\u7740\uff0c\u57281787\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u5f00\u59cb\u94f8\u9020\u548c\u53d1\u884c\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u94f8\u5e01\u201c\u5bcc\u5170\u514b\u6797\u5206\u5e01\u201d\u3002\u52301792\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u4e00\u9879\u94f8\u5e01\u6cd5\u6848\uff0c\u6279\u51c6\u7f8e\u56fd\u6b63\u5f0f\u94f8\u5e01\uff0c\u786e\u5b9a\u4ee5\u5143\u4e3a\u6807\u51c6\u5355\u4f4d\uff0c\u4e14\u5b9a1\u7f8e\u5143\u7b49\u4e8e100\u7f8e\u5206\uff0c\u5e76\u4ece1894\u5f00\u59cb\u5728\u8d39\u57ce\u7684\u94f8\u5e01\u5382\u5f00\u59cb\u94f8\u9020\u91d1\u5e01\u548c\u94f6\u5e01\u3002\u5230\u4e86\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u897f\u90e8\u7684\u91d1\u77ff\u88ab\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u6dd8\u91d1\u70ed\uff0c\u63a5\u7740\u7f8e\u56fd\u53c8\u5728\u4e54\u6cbb\u4e9a\u5dde\u3001\u5361\u7f57\u83b1\u7eb3\u548c\u65e7\u91d1\u5c71\u7b49\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86\u91d1\u5e01\u94f8\u9020\u5382\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u79c1\u4eba\u516c\u53f8\u548c\u5dde\u4e5f\u5f00\u59cb\u53d1\u884c\u91d1\u5e01\u548c\u91d1\u952d\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5230\u7f8e\u56fd\u5185\u6218\uff081861\uff5e1865\uff09\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u6218\u4e89\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u8d27\u5e01\u5371\u673a\uff0c\u94f8\u5e01\u88ab\u50a8\u85cf\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u8d22\u653f\u90e8\u5f00\u59cb\u5370\u5236\u7f8e\u5143\u949e\u7968\uff08Greenbacks\uff09\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u5168\u56fd\u6027\u7684\u94f6\u884c\u548c\u5dde\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u94f6\u884c\u4e5f\u5728\u91d1\u672c\u4f4d\u5236\u548c\u94f6\u672c\u4f4d\u5e76\u7528\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0b\u5370\u53d1\u7eb8\u5e01\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u5bfc\u81f4\u7eb8\u5e01\u3001\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u4ee3\u7528\u5e01\u548c\u4eff\u5236\u7684\u94b1\u5e01\u5145\u65a5\u5e02\u573a\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u6df7\u4e71\u72b6\u6001\u4e00\u76f4\u52301878\u5e74\u94f6\u5143\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u6062\u590d\uff08\u53c2Joe Cribb\u7b49\u94f8\u300a\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u56fd\u94f8\u5e01\u53f2\u300b\uff0c\u4e2d\u8bd1\u672c\uff0c\u7b2c580\uff5e590\u9875\uff0cGlyn Davies, History of Money, University of Wales Press\uff0c\u7b2c9\u7ae01870\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u8d27\u5e01\u53f2\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e3a\u4e86\u7ba1\u7406\u8d27\u5e01\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u5c31\u60f3\u6210\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u4e2d\u592e\u94f6\u884c\u201d\u3002\u636e\u8bb0\u8f7d\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u72ec\u7acb\u6218\u4e89\u4e00\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4efb\u8d22\u653f\u90e8\u90e8\u957f\u4e9a\u5386\u5c71\u5927\u2022\u6c49\u5bc6\u5c14\u987f\uff08Alexander Hamilton\uff09\u5c31\u5411\u56fd\u4f1a\u63d0\u8bae\u6210\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u5168\u56fd\u6027\u7684\u94f6\u884c\uff0c\u8d1f\u8d23\u5e2e\u52a9\u7f8e\u56fd\u5404\u5dde\u53d1\u884c\u503a\u5238\uff0c\u4ee5\u9010\u6b65\u507f\u8fd8\u72ec\u7acb\u6218\u4e89\u65f6\u671f\u6240\u7d2f\u79ef\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u503a\u52a1\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u6c49\u5bc6\u5c14\u987f\u8fd8\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6709\u4e2a\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u94f6\u884c\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u5e2e\u52a9\u4fdd\u7ba1\u8d22\u653f\u90e8\u7684\u5b58\u6b3e\u53ca\u5904\u7406\u5176\u4ed6\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u673a\u6784\u8d22\u52a1\u4e0a\u7684\u6536\u652f\u3002\u6c49\u5bc6\u5c14\u987f\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u63d0\u8bae\u5f53\u65f6\u906d\u5230\u4e86\u5f3a\u70c8\u53cd\u5bf9\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6c49\u5bc6\u5c14\u987f\u529b\u6392\u4f17\u8bae\uff0c\u7ec8\u4e8e\u4e8e1791\u5e74\u5728\u8d39\u57ce\u6210\u529f\u5730\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u94f6\u884c\u2014\u2014\u5408\u4f17\u56fd\u7b2c\u4e00\u94f6\u884c\uff08The First Bank of the United States\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u56fd\u4f1a\u53ea\u6279\u51c6\u7b2c\u4e00\u94f6\u884c\u7ecf\u842520\u5e74\u300220\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u987b\u518d\u83b7\u5f97\u56fd\u4f1a\u6279\u51c6\uff0c\u8be5\u94f6\u884c\u624d\u80fd\u7ee7\u7eed\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u7b2c\u4e00\u94f6\u884c\u4e5f\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u4e2d\u592e\u94f6\u884c\uff0c\u5b83\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u4ecd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u79c1\u4eba\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u5546\u4e1a\u94f6\u884c\uff0c\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u94f6\u884c\u4e00\u6837\u5438\u6536\u50a8\u6237\u7684\u5b58\u6b3e\u548c\u53d1\u653e\u5546\u4e1a\u8d37\u6b3e\uff0c\u4e14\u670970%\u7684\u80a1\u6743\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5916\u56fd\u4eba\uff0c\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u8fd9\u8ba9\u5f88\u591a\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u62c5\u5fc3\u7b2c\u4e00\u94f6\u884c\u662f\u6b27\u6d32\u91d1\u878d\u5bb6\u65cf\u63a7\u5236\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u6545\u57281811\u5e74\u7b2c\u4e00\u94f6\u884c\u768420\u5e74\u7ecf\u8425\u671f\u9650\u5230\u4e86\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u4f1a\u6ca1\u6709\u6279\u51c6\u5b83\u7ee7\u7eed\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u94f6\u884c\u968f\u5373\u88ab\u8feb\u5173\u95ed\u4e86\uff08\u89c1\u738b\u5065\uff0c\u540c\u4e0a\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u57281812\uff5e1814\u671f\u95f4\u7206\u53d1\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u7f8e\u82f1\u6218\u4e89\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u6253\u8d62\u8fd9\u573a\u6218\u4e89\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u82b1\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u519b\u8d39\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u4e5f\u80cc\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u6218\u4e89\u8d1f\u503a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u672c\u6765\u5c31\u5f88\u8106\u5f31\u7684\u8054\u90a6\u8d22\u653f\u66f4\u52a0\u6df7\u4e71\u4e0d\u582a\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5e02\u573a\u4e0a\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u8d27\u5e01\u53ea\u6709\u91d1\u94f6\u4e24\u79cd\u94f8\u5e01\uff0c\u91d1\u94f6\u94f8\u5e01\u53c8\u91cd\u53c8\u5927\uff0c\u643a\u5e26\u5f88\u4e0d\u65b9\u4fbf\uff0c\u6c11\u4f17\u7eb3\u7a0e\u8fd8\u503a\u65f6\u53ea\u597d\u9009\u62e9\u5730\u65b9\u94f6\u884c\u53d1\u884c\u7684\u7eb8\u5e01\u3002\u90a3\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u94f6\u884c\u9c7c\u9f99\u6df7\u6742\uff0c\u7ba1\u7406\u4e0d\u5584\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u7eb8\u5e01\u6cdb\u6ee5\uff0c\u4fe1\u7528\u5168\u65e0\uff0c\u9762\u503c\u5927\u8dcc\uff0c\u5f62\u540c\u5e9f\u7eb8\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u6574\u987f\u8fd9\u4e00\u6df7\u4e71\u7684\u5c40\u9762\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u652f\u4ed8\u653f\u5e9c\u6b20\u4e0b\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u8d1f\u503a\uff0c\u56fd\u4f1a\u57281816\u5e74\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u5efa\u7acb\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5408\u4f17\u56fd\u94f6\u884c\uff08The Second Bank of the United States\uff09\u7684\u6cd5\u6848\uff0c\u6388\u4e88\u5176\u4e3a\u671f20\u5e74\u7684\u7ecf\u8425\u7279\u8bb8\u72b6\u3002\u5f53\u5e74\u6700\u6fc0\u70c8\u53cd\u5bf9\u5efa\u7acb\u7b2c\u4e00\u5408\u4f17\u56fd\u94f6\u884c\u7684\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u2022\u9ea6\u8fea\u900a\uff08James Madison\uff09\u6b64\u65f6\u5df2\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u7b2c\u56db\u4efb\u603b\u7edf\uff0c\u4e3a\u5f62\u52bf\u6240\u8feb\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u7b7e\u7f72\u4e86\u8be5\u6cd5\u6848\u3002\u540c\u5e74\u4e00\u4e2a\u5168\u56fd\u6027\u7684\u5546\u4e1a\u94f6\u884c\u201c\u5408\u4f17\u56fd\u7b2c\u4e8c\u94f6\u884c\u201d\u6210\u7acb\u3002\u4f46\u7b2c\u4e8c\u94f6\u884c\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5168\u56fd\u6027\u7684\u79c1\u4eba\u5546\u4e1a\u94f6\u884c\uff0c\u8fd8\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u73b0\u4ee3\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u4e2d\u592e\u94f6\u884c\u3002\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u7f8e\u56fd\u7b2c\u4e03\u4efb\u603b\u7edf\u7ade\u9009\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b89\u5fb7\u9c81\u2022\u6770\u514b\u900a\uff08Andrew Jackson\uff09\u5c31\u53cd\u5bf9\u7b2c\u4e8c\u94f6\u884c\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u7b2c\u4e8c\u94f6\u884c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cbe\u82f1\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u631f\u56fd\u9645\u8d22\u9600\u96c6\u56e2\u4e4b\u52bf\uff0c\u5784\u65ad\u91d1\u878d\u4e1a\uff0c\u727a\u7272\u666e\u901a\u793e\u4f1a\u6c11\u4f17\u7684\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u504f\u8892\u4e1c\u90e8\u5236\u9020\u4e1a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u30021833\u5e74\uff0c\u6770\u514b\u900a\u5f53\u4e0a\u603b\u7edf\u540e\uff0c\u5151\u73b0\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7ade\u9009\u627f\u8bfa\uff0c\u628a\u8d22\u653f\u90e8\u7684\u5b58\u6b3e\u5168\u90e8\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u5dde\u7acb\u94f6\u884c\uff0c\u524a\u5f31\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e8c\u94f6\u884c\u7ee7\u7eed\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u7406\u7531\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5230\u4e861836\u5e74\u7b2c\u4e8c\u94f6\u884c\u7684\u7279\u8bb8\u72b6\u572820\u5e74\u671f\u9650\u5230\u671f\u540e\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u901a\u8fc7\u56fd\u4f1a\u7684\u5ba1\u6279\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u94f6\u884c\u4e4b\u540e\u4e5f\u53ea\u80fd\u4ee5\u5730\u65b9\u94f6\u884c\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u7ee7\u7eed\u7ecf\u8425\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n
\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa30\u5e74\u4ee3\u897f\u65b9\u5de5\u4e1a\u9769\u547d\u53d1\u751f\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8fc5\u901f\u5d1b\u8d77\uff0c\u4f46\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u91d1\u878d\u5371\u673a\u5374\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u76f8\u7ee7\u57281873\u30011884\u30011890\u30011893\u3001\u5c24\u5176\u662f1907\u5e74\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u94f6\u884c\u5012\u95ed\u7684\u91d1\u878d\u5371\u673a\u3002\u4e0d\u65ad\u7206\u53d1\u7684\u94f6\u884c\u6324\u5151\u548c\u7834\u4ea7\u4e43\u81f3\u80a1\u5e02\u5927\u8dcc\u7684\u91d1\u878d\u5371\u673a\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5371\u673a\uff0c\u4f7f\u7f8e\u56fd\u5de5\u5546\u754c\u3001\u91d1\u878d\u754c\u3001\u5b66\u754c\u4e43\u81f3\u653f\u754c\u9010\u6e10\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u4e9b\u5171\u8bc6\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u89c9\u5f97\u5e94\u8be5\u5b66\u82f1\u56fd\u548c\u6b27\u6d32\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u6210\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u4e2d\u592e\u94f6\u884c\u3002\u57281907\u5e74\uff0c\u7531\u53c2\u8bae\u9662\u8bae\u5458\u7eb3\u5c14\u900a\u2022\u5965\u5c14\u5fb7\u91cc\u5947\uff08Nelson Aldrich\uff09\u7275\u5934\uff0c\u66fe\u8d77\u8349\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u300a\u5965\u5c14\u5fb7\u91cc\u5947\u8ba1\u5212\u300b\u7684\u8bae\u4f1a\u63d0\u6848\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u6210\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e2d\u592e\u94f6\u884c\uff0c\u4f46\u906d\u5230\u8bb8\u591a\u56fd\u4f1a\u8bae\u5458\u7684\u53cd\u5bf9\u3002\u7ecf\u8fc7\u6570\u5e74\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u548c\u4e89\u8fa9\uff0c\u6210\u7acb\u4e2d\u592e\u94f6\u884c\u7684\u5171\u8bc6\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u5404\u754c\u9010\u6e10\u5f62\u6210\u3002\u57281913\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u5a01\u5c14\u900a\uff08Thomas W. Wilson\uff09\u603b\u7edf\u7684\u63a8\u52a8\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ee5\u300a\u5965\u5c14\u5fb7\u91cc\u5947\u8ba1\u5212\u300b\u4e3a\u84dd\u672c\u5728\u56fd\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u300a\u8054\u90a6\u50a8\u5907\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\uff0c\u63a5\u7740\u57281914\u5e74\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u7531\u5728\u534e\u76db\u987f\u7684\u8054\u90a6\u50a8\u5907\u5c40\uff08Federal Reserve Board\uff09\u4e3a\u653f\u5e9c\u673a\u6784\u5e76\u52a0\u4e0a\u572812\u4e2a\u57ce\u5e02\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u975e\u76c8\u5229\u578b\u8054\u90a6\u50a8\u5907\u94f6\u884c\uff08the Federal Reserve Banks\uff09\u6240\u5171\u540c\u6784\u6210\u7684\u7f8e\u8054\u50a8\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0\u7f8e\u8054\u50a8(FED)\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u57281913\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u300a\u8054\u90a6\u50a8\u5907\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\u51b3\u5b9a\u6210\u7acb\u7f8e\u8054\u50a8\u4e4b\u65f6\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u4f1a\u8bae\u5458\u5c31\u8868\u793a\u5bf9\u653f\u5e9c\u6269\u6743\u7684\u62c5\u5fe7\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u62c5\u5fc3\u7f8e\u8054\u50a8\u4f1a\u6210\u4e3a\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u8fc7\u5ea6\u5e72\u9884\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u3001\u6ee5\u53d1\u8d27\u5e01\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u7f8e\u8054\u50a8\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u6210\u7acb\u4e4b\u521d\uff0c\u5176\u5236\u5ea6\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u521d\u8877\u662f\u7f8e\u8054\u50a8\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u4e2d\u592e\u94f6\u884c\uff0c\u5728\u5236\u5b9a\u8d27\u5e01\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u62e5\u6709\u5b8c\u5168\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u6027\uff0c\u4e0d\u53d7\u603b\u7edf\u548c\u8d22\u653f\u90e8\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u72ec\u7acb\u6027\u5728\u300a\u8054\u90a6\u50a8\u5907\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u9879\u660e\u6587\u89c4\u5b9a\uff1a\u201c\u7f8e\u8054\u50a8\u5236\u5b9a\u8d27\u5e01\u653f\u7b56\u65f6\u4e0d\u53d7\u5305\u62ec\u603b\u7edf\u5728\u5185\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u884c\u653f\u653f\u5e9c\u90e8\u95e8\u5e72\u9884\u3002\u201d\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u7f8e\u8054\u50a8\u5efa\u7acb\u4e4b\u521d\u7684\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u4e2d\uff0c\u7f8e\u8054\u50a8\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u8fd0\u884c\u5374\u53d7\u5230\u767d\u5bab\u548c\u8d22\u653f\u90e8\u5f88\u5927\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u4f1a\u91c7\u53d6\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u4e3e\u63aa\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u7f8e\u8054\u50a8\u6446\u8131\u884c\u653f\u90e8\u95e8\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u7f8e\u8054\u50a8\u672c\u8eab\u4ece\u6210\u7acb\u90a3\u5929\u8d77\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e00\u76f4\u60f3\u6309\u7167\u300a\u8054\u90a6\u50a8\u5907\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6446\u8131\u8d22\u653f\u90e8\u5bf9\u5b83\u7684\u8d27\u5e01\u653f\u7b56\u51b3\u7b56\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u6545\u4e24\u4e2a\u8054\u90a6\u673a\u6784\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4e00\u76f4\u6bd4\u8f83\u7d27\u5f20\u3002\u4ece\u653f\u7b56\u76ee\u6807\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u8d22\u653f\u90e8\u4e3a\u4e86\u51cf\u5c11\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u501f\u6b3e\u6210\u672c\u800c\u76ef\u4f4f\u5229\u7387\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u5c31\u662f\u8d27\u5e01\u8d85\u53d1\u4e0e\u901a\u8d27\u81a8\u80c0\u3002\u800c\u7f8e\u8054\u50a8\u672c\u8eab\u5374\u4e00\u76f4\u5173\u6ce8\u901a\u8d27\u81a8\u80c0\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u5728\u8d27\u5e01\u53d1\u884c\u4e0a\u6bd4\u8f83\u8c28\u614e\u3002\u8b6c\u5982\uff0c1946\u5e74\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684CPI\u4e0a\u6da88.56%\uff0c1947\u5e74\u4e0a\u6da814.33\uff05\uff0c1948\u5e74\u4e0a\u6da8\u8fd18\uff05\u3002\u5728\u5982\u6b64\u9ad8\u7684\u901a\u80c0\u7387\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u7f8e\u8054\u50a8\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u51cf\u5c11\u8d27\u5e01\u4f9b\u5e94\u91cf\uff0c\u63a7\u5236\u901a\u8d27\u81a8\u80c0\uff1b\u7136\u800c\u7f8e\u56fd\u8d22\u653f\u90e8\u5219\u8868\u793a\u53cd\u5bf9\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u964d\u4f4e\u8d27\u5e01\u4f9b\u5e94\u91cf\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u63a7\u5236\u901a\u80c0\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u8981\u6c42\u7f8e\u8054\u50a8\u5e94\u4fdd\u8bc1\u8d27\u5e01\u4f9b\u7ed9\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u653f\u5e9c\u4f4e\u5229\u606f\u7684\u501f\u6b3e\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u7f8e\u8054\u50a8\u4e0e\u767d\u5bab\u548c\u8d22\u653f\u90e8\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u65e5\u8d8b\u7d27\u5f20\u30021934\u5e74\u88ab\u4efb\u547d\u4e3a\u8054\u50a8\u4e3b\u5e2d\u7684\u9a6c\u91cc\u7eb3\u2022\u827e\u5c14\u79d1\u65af\uff08Marriner Eccles\uff09\u4e5f\u66fe\u516c\u5f00\u53cd\u5bf9\u7ef4\u6301\u56fd\u503a\u5229\u7387\uff0c\u8fd9\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u767d\u5bab\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4e0d\u6ee1\u3002\u827e\u5c14\u79d1\u65af\u5728\u8fde\u4efb\u7f8e\u8054\u50a8\u4e3b\u5e2d14\u5e74\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c1948\u5e74\u675c\u9c81\u95e8\uff08Harry S. Truman\uff09\u603b\u7edf\u6ca1\u6709\u5c06\u5176\u63d0\u540d\u8fde\u4efb\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u4f1a\u5219\u4e00\u76f4\u652f\u6301\u7f8e\u8054\u50a8\u7684\u8d27\u5e01\u653f\u7b56\u4e0a\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u5728\u8d27\u5e01\u653f\u7b56\u72ec\u7acb\u6027\u4e0a\u7684\u5bf9\u7acb\uff0c\u57281949\u5e74\u7f8e\u56fd\u8fd8\u56fd\u4f1a\u4e13\u95e8\u4e3e\u884c\u4e86\u7531\u53c2\u8bae\u5458\u4fdd\u7f57\u2022\u9053\u683c\u62c9\u65af\uff08Paul Douglas\uff09\u6240\u4e3b\u6301\u7684\u542c\u8bc1\u4f1a\u3002\u9053\u683c\u62c9\u65af\u5728\u542c\u8bc1\u4f1a\u540e\u8d77\u8349\u7684\u62a5\u544a\u5c31\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u8d4b\u4e88\u7f8e\u8054\u50a8\u81ea\u7531\u5236\u5b9a\u8d27\u5e01\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u653f\u5e9c\u501f\u6b3e\u6210\u672c\u4e0a\u5347\uff0c\u4e5f\u5e94\u63a7\u5236\u901a\u8d27\u81a8\u80c0\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u5a01\u5ec9\u00b7\u9ea6\u514b\u5207\u65af\u5c3c\u00b7\u9a6c\u4e01William McChesney Martin\uff0cJr\uff081906-1998\uff09\u7f8e\u56fd\u94f6\u884c\u5bb6\u3002<\/p>\n
\u52301951\u5e74\uff0c\u767d\u5bab\u548c\u8d22\u653f\u90e8\u4e0e\u7f8e\u8054\u50a8\u7684\u4e89\u7aef\u88ab\u516c\u5f00\u5316\u4e86\uff0c\u7f8e\u8054\u50a8\u987a\u52bf\u8981\u6c42\u603b\u7edf\u53d1\u8d77\u4e0e\u8d22\u653f\u90e8\u7684\u8c08\u5224\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u603b\u7edf\u675c\u9c81\u95e8\u63a5\u7740\u5c31\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u4e89\u7aef\u5904\u7406\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff0c\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u6700\u540e\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u8fd8\u662f\u7531\u7f8e\u8054\u50a8\u548c\u8d22\u653f\u90e8\u76f4\u63a5\u8c08\u5224\u6240\u8fbe\u6210\u7684\u30021951\u5e74\u59cb\u4efb\u7f8e\u8054\u50a8\u4e3b\u5e2d\u5a01\u5ec9\u2022\u9ea6\u514b\u5207\u65af\u5c3c\u2022\u9a6c\u4e01\uff08William McChesney Martin\uff0cJr\uff0c1906\uff5e1998\uff09\u5728\u7f8e\u8054\u50a8\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u8d22\u653f\u90e8\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8fd9\u6b21\u8c08\u5224\u4e2d\u8d77\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u5a01\u5ec9\u2022\u9a6c\u4e01\u672c\u4eba\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e00\u4f4d\u8457\u540d\u94f6\u884c\u5bb6\uff0c1938\u5e74\u66fe\u4efb\u7ebd\u7ea6\u8bc1\u5238\u4ea4\u6613\u6240\u7b2c\u4e00\u4efb\u5e26\u85aa\u7684\u603b\u7ecf\u7406\uff0c1951\u5e74\u88ab\u54c8\u91cc\u2022\u675c\u9c81\u95e8\u603b\u7edf\u4efb\u547d\u4e3a\u8054\u90a6\u50a8\u5907\u7cfb\u7edf\u8463\u4e8b\u4f1a\u4e3b\u5e2d\uff0c\u5728\u4f4d\u8fbe19\u5e74\u4e4b\u4e45\uff0c\u662f\u53f2\u4e0a\u4efb\u671f\u6700\u957f\u7684\u7f8e\u8054\u50a8\u4e3b\u5e2d\u3002\u7ecf\u7531\u5a01\u5ec9\u2022\u9a6c\u4e01\u5728\u8d22\u653f\u90e8\u548c\u7f8e\u8054\u50a8\u4e4b\u95f4\u8c08\u5224\u548c\u534f\u8c03\uff0c\u8fd9\u6700\u540e\u4fc3\u6210\u57281951\u5e743\u67084\u65e5\u7f8e\u8054\u50a8\u548c\u8d22\u653f\u90e8\u8fbe\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u9879\u534f\u8bae\uff08Accord\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u9879\u534f\u8bae\u6b63\u5f0f\u6807\u5fd7\u7f8e\u8054\u50a8\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u5236\u5b9a\u8d27\u5e01\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u5b8c\u5168\u72ec\u7acb\u6027\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u7f8e\u56fd\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u4e2d\u592e\u94f6\u884c\u7cfb\u7edf\u6700\u7ec8\u5f62\u6210\u548c\u73b0\u4ee3\u91d1\u878d\u4f53\u5236\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\u3002\u5a01\u5ec9\u2022\u9a6c\u4e01\u62c5\u4efb\u7f8e\u8054\u50a8\u4e3b\u5e2d\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u4e3a\u634d\u536b\u7f8e\u8054\u50a8\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u4ed8\u51fa\u4e86\u6781\u5927\u5fc3\u8840\u548c\u52aa\u529b\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4ed6\u79ef\u6781\u63a8\u8fdb\u7f8e\u8054\u50a8\u5185\u90e8\u6c11\u4e3b\u7ba1\u7406\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u548c\u7f8e\u8054\u50a8\u8d70\u5411\u56fd\u9645\u821e\u53f0\uff0c\u4e3a\u7f8e\u8054\u50a8\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u548c\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u3002\u4ece\u7f8e\u8054\u50a8\u672c\u8eab\u5efa\u7acb\u548c\u767e\u5e74\u6f14\u53d8\u53f2\u6765\u770b\uff0c20\u4e16\u7eaa50\u5e74\u4ee3\u523070\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u5728\u7f8e\u8054\u50a8\u53d1\u5c55\u53f2\u4e0a\u662f\u5341\u5206\u5173\u952e\u768420\u5e74\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u91cc\uff0c\u7f8e\u8054\u50a8\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f9d\u9644\u4e8e\u8d22\u653f\u90e8\u548c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u53d7\u767d\u5bab\u548c\u8d22\u653f\u90e8\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u53d1\u5c55\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u80fd\u72ec\u7acb\u5236\u5b9a\u8d27\u5e01\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u4e2d\u592e\u94f6\u884c\u673a\u6784\u3002\u5728\u5f53\u4eca\u5168\u7403\u5316\u7684\u683c\u5c40\u4e2d\uff0c\u7f8e\u8054\u50a8\u7684\u8d27\u5e01\u653f\u7b56\u65e0\u7591\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u548c\u5168\u7403\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4ea7\u751f\u7740\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4ece\u7ec4\u7ec7\u67b6\u6784\u4e0a\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u8fd1\u767e\u5e74\u7684\u6f14\u53d8\uff0c\u7f8e\u8054\u50a8\u7531\u5728\u534e\u76db\u987f\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u673a\u6784\u8054\u90a6\u50a8\u5907\u5c40\u548c\u5206\u5e03\u7f8e\u56fd\u5404\u5730\u533a\u768412\u4e2a\u8054\u90a6\u50a8\u5907\u94f6\u884c\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u7f8e\u8054\u50a8\u8d27\u5e01\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u51b3\u7b56\u673a\u6784\u5305\u62ec\u8054\u90a6\u50a8\u5907\u5c40\u76847\u540d\u6267\u884c\u59d4\u5458\uff08Members of the Board of Governors\uff09\u548c12\u540d\u8054\u90a6\u50a8\u5907\u94f6\u884c\u7684\u4e3b\u5e2d\uff08Presidents of the Federal Reserve Banks\uff09\u3002\u8054\u90a6\u50a8\u5907\u5c40\u76847\u540d\u6267\u884c\u59d4\u5458\u7531\u4e3b\u5e2d\u3001\u526f\u4e3b\u5e2d\u53ca\u5176\u4ed65\u4f4d\u59d4\u5458\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u8fd97\u540d\u6267\u884c\u59d4\u5458\u5fc5\u987b\u5168\u90e8\u7531\u603b\u7edf\u63d0\u540d\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u56fd\u4f1a\u786e\u8ba4\u540e\u624d\u80fd\u4e0a\u4efb\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6267\u884c\u59d4\u5458\u7684\u4efb\u671f\u4e3a14\u5e74\uff0c\u5230\u4efb\u540e\u4e0d\u80fd\u8fde\u4efb\u3002\u6267\u884c\u59d4\u5458\u4e0a\u4efb\u540e\uff0c\u603b\u7edf\u6ca1\u6709\u6743\u5229\u7f62\u514d\u8fd9\u4e9b\u59d4\u5458\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\u7f62\u514d\u4ed6\u4eec\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u6709\u56fd\u4f1a2\/3\u7684\u6210\u5458\u6295\u7968\u901a\u8fc7\u624d\u53ef\u4ee5\u3002\u7f8e\u8054\u50a8\u8fd9\u79cd\u4efb\u671f\u5b89\u6392\uff0c\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u9650\u5236\u4e86\u603b\u7edf\u5bf9\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u8054\u90a6\u50a8\u5907\u5c40\u7684\u6267\u884c\u59d4\u5458\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u603b\u7edf\u63d0\u540d\u4e3a\u7f8e\u8054\u50a8\u4e3b\u5e2d\uff08Chair\uff09\u6216\u8005\u526f\u4e3b\u5e2d\uff08Vice Chair\uff09\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u63d0\u540d\u4efb\u671f\u4e3a4\u5e74\u3002\u603b\u7edf\u63d0\u540d\u7f8e\u8054\u50a8\u4e3b\u5e2d\u548c\u526f\u4e3b\u5e2d\u540e\uff0c\u4e5f\u5fc5\u987b\u7ecf\u8fc7\u56fd\u4f1a\u6279\u51c6\u624d\u80fd\u4e0a\u4efb\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u4e0a\u4efb\uff0c\u4e3b\u5e2d\u548c\u526f\u4e3b\u5e2d\u5728\u4efb\u671f\u5185\u540c\u6837\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u603b\u7edf\u5355\u72ec\u7f62\u514d\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u83b7\u5f97\u56fd\u4f1a2\/3\u7684\u7968\u6570\u624d\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u3002\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5236\u5ea6\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u603b\u7edf\u867d\u7136\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u884c\u653f\u957f\u5b98\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u7f8e\u8054\u50a8\u8d27\u5e01\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u5e72\u9884\u80fd\u529b\u5176\u5b9e\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u9650\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u4ece\u7f8e\u56fd\u5efa\u56fd\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u5c31\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u638c\u63e1\u7740\u56fd\u5bb6\u548c\u653f\u5e9c\u8d22\u653f\u6536\u652f\u6743\u5e76\u5f00\u59cb\u6709\u94f8\u5e01\u3001\u5370\u5236\u7eb8\u5e01\u548c\u53d1\u884c\u8d27\u5e01\u6743\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u4f1a\uff0c\u5728\u7f8e\u8054\u50a8\u8bbe\u7acb\u540e\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u4e5f\u5bf9\u7f8e\u8054\u50a8\u8d27\u5e01\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u5e72\u9884\u4e5f\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u9650\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u7f8e\u8054\u50a8\u4e3b\u5e2d\u6bcf\u4e09\u4e2a\u6708\u90fd\u8981\u5411\u7f8e\u56fd\u53c2\u4f17\u4e24\u9662\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u8054\u5408\u8d27\u5e01\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u62a5\u544a\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u89e3\u91ca\u8d27\u5e01\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u9053\u7406\u548c\u5b9e\u65bd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u4f1a\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u5e72\u9884\u548c\u7ea6\u675f\u7f8e\u8054\u50a8\u7684\u8d27\u5e01\u653f\u7b56\u51b3\u7b56\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u7f8e\u8054\u50a8\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u8fdb\u5165\u73b0\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u540e\u800c\u7ba1\u7406\u8d27\u5e01\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5236\u5ea6\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u662f\u4e0d\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7684\uff0c\u4e14\u4ece\u5b831914\u5e74\u90a3\u5929\u8bde\u751f\u90a3\u5929\u8d77\uff0c\u5b83\u597d\u50cf\u4e5f\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u6d88\u9664\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5371\u673a\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u88ab\u4eba\u4eec\u8bdf\u75c5\u4e3a\u5b83\u5236\u9020\u4e86\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u81f3\u5c11\u5f15\u53d1\u4e861929\uff5e1933\u5e74\u548c2008\uff5e2010\u5e74\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u623f\u5730\u4ea7\u6ce1\u6cab\u3001\u91d1\u878d\u98ce\u66b4\u548c\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8870\u9000\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u96be\u9053\u8fd9\u4e24\u6b21\u7f8e\u56fd\u73b0\u4ee3\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u5927\u8427\u6761\u548c\u5341\u51e0\u6b21\u4e2d\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5371\u673a\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u7f8e\u8054\u50a8\u7684\u9519\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u7f8e\u8054\u50a8\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5371\u673a\u662f\u5426\u8fd8\u662f\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\uff1f\u662f\u5426\u4f1a\u66f4\u9891\u7e41\uff0c\u66f4\u5267\u70c8\uff1f\u4e5f\u8bb8\u6211\u4eec\u4eca\u5929\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u518d\u8ffd\u95ee\u8fd9\u6837\u95ee\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u8fd1\u767e\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u7f8e\u8054\u50a8\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u662f\u5426\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u767e\u5e74\u67653%\u4e0a\u4e0b\u7684GDP\u5e73\u5747\u589e\u957f\u901f\u5ea6\uff1f\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u4eba\u5747GDP\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u8fbe\u5230\u4eca\u5929\u76845,5904\u7f8e\u5143\uff1f<\/p>\n
\u5e02\u573a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u671d\u4ee3\u548c\u65f6\u671f\u90fd\u79bb\u4e0d\u5f00\u8d27\u5e01\uff0c\u4f46\u4efb\u4f55\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5386\u671d\u5386\u4ee3\u4e2d\u5982\u4f55\u7ba1\u7406\u8d27\u5e01\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5728\u524d\u51e0\u5e74\uff0c\u53d7\u7f8e\u56fd\u5f53\u4ee3\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u7ea6\u7ff0\u2022\u585e\u5c14\uff08John Searle\uff09\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u8d27\u5e01\u89c2\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u7b14\u8005\u66fe\u5728\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u300b\u4e0a\u53d1\u6587\uff0c\u628a\u8d27\u5e01\u6bd4\u4f5c\u4e3a\u662f\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u9b42\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u955c\u3001\u4ef7\u683c\u7684\u4f53\u3001\u4ea4\u6362\u7684\u6865\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u793e\u4f1a\u8d44\u6e90\u914d\u7f6e\u201c\u88c5\u7f6e\u201d\u7684\u201c\u6da6\u6ed1\u6cb9\u201d\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u5e94\u8be5\u518d\u52a0\u4e00\u53e5\uff0c\u5230\u4e86\u4e16\u754c\u4e00\u4e9b\u53d1\u8fbe\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e43\u81f3\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u91d1\u878d\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d\uff0c\u8d27\u5e01\u4e5f\u6210\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u8d22\u5bcc\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u201c\u627f\u8f7d\u8005\u201d\u3002\u5e02\u573a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u79bb\u4e0d\u5f00\u8d27\u5e01\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u53ef\u7f6e\u5426\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u662f\uff0c\u8d27\u5e01\u7684\u201c\u5236\u9020\u201d\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u94f8\u9020\u3001\u5370\u5236\u7eb8\u5e01\u548c\u901a\u8fc7\u7535\u8111\u7f51\u7edc\u201c\u589e\u53d1\u57fa\u7840\u8d27\u5e01\u201d\uff09\u548c\u53d1\u884c\u603b\u662f\u4e0e\u653f\u5e9c\u8131\u4e0d\u4e86\u5f00\u5e72\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u66fe\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u201c\u8d27\u5e01\u56fd\u5b9a\u8bba\u201d\uff08Chartalism\uff09\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa30\u5e74\u4ee3\u523090\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u5965\u5730\u5229\u5b66\u6d3e\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u7c73\u585e\u65af\u3001\u54c8\u8036\u514b\u548c\u7f57\u65af\u5df4\u5fb7\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u201c\u8d27\u5e01\u975e\u56fd\u5bb6\u5316\u201d\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u4e3b\u5f20\u3002\u4f46\u4e0d\u7ba1\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u8d27\u5e01\u5236\u5ea6\u603b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u57fa\u672c\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5236\u5ea6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u4eba\u7684\u7406\u6027\u662f\u6709\u9650\u7684\u3002\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8fd8\u5728\u81ea\u53d1\u5730\u8fd0\u884c\u7740\u3002\u5404\u56fd\u7684\u592e\u884c\u4e5f\u5728\u4e0d\u65f6\u5730\u8c03\u63a7\u8005\u5305\u62ec\u589e\u53d1\u548c\u56de\u6536\u7740\u5404\u56fd\u7684\u8d27\u5e01\u3002\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u76f4\u5230\u4eca\u5929\u8fd8\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u5982\u4f55\u907f\u514d\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5468\u671f\u3002\u6b63\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\uff0c\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u5236\u9020\u8d27\u5e01\u201d\u4e2d\u592e\u94f6\u884c\u6216\u8d27\u5e01\u53d1\u884c\u94f6\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8bb0\u5f97\u82f1\u56fd20\u4e16\u7eaa\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u4e18\u5409\u5c14\u8bf4\u8fc7\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\uff1a\u201c\u6c11\u4e3b\u662f\u4e2a\u5f88\u574f\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u4ed6\u5236\u5ea6\u90fd\u6bd4\u5b83\u66f4\u7cdf\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u53ea\u80fd\u7528\u5b83\uff1b\u8fd9\u662f\u6700\u4f4e\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u53e5\u8bdd\u4e5f\u8bb8\u9002\u5408\u8bc4\u4ef7\u7f8e\u8054\u50a8\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4e2d\u592e\u94f6\u884c\u5236\u5ea6\uff1f\u7f8e\u8054\u50a8\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u767e\u5e74\u6765\u7ecf\u7531\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u6743\u529b\u5236\u8861\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u53c8\u7ecf\u8fc7\u767e\u5e74\u4e0d\u65ad\u6f14\u5316\u7740\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u4e2d\u592e\u94f6\u884c\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u6279\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u94f6\u884c\u5bb6\u6765\u505a\u8054\u90a6\u50a8\u5907\u5c40\u6267\u884c\u59d4\u5458\u5e76\u4e0e12\u5bb6\u8054\u90a6\u50a8\u5907\u94f6\u884c\u7684\u4e3b\u5e2d\u6765\u5171\u540c\u51b3\u5b9a\u8d27\u5e01\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u65e2\u542c\u4ece\u3001\u54a8\u8be2\u548c\u5438\u53d6\u603b\u7edf\u3001\u653f\u5e9c\u884c\u653f\u3001\u56fd\u4f1a\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u5404\u754c\u7684\u610f\u89c1\uff0c\u4f46\u53c8\u4e0d\u53d7\u603b\u7edf\u548c\u56fd\u4f1a\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u5e72\u9884\uff0c\u72ec\u7acb\u5730\u201c\u589e\u53d1\u201d\u548c\u201c\u56de\u6536\u201d\u8d27\u5e01\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u6216\u964d\u4f4e\u5229\u7387\uff0c\u6765\u8c03\u8282\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8fd0\u884c\u3002\u53e6\u5916\u6309\u7167\u738b\u5065\u535a\u58eb\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u76c8\u5229\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u4e2d\u592e\u94f6\u884c\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u7f8e\u8054\u50a8\u73b0\u5728\u6bcf\u5e74\u8fd8\u80fd\u5411\u7f8e\u56fd\u8d22\u653f\u90e8\u4e0a\u7f34\u6570\u767e\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u5229\u6da6\uff08\u540c\u4e0a\u4e66\uff0c\u7b2c 147\u9875\uff09\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u56fd\u5bb6\u73b0\u5728\u4e5f\u6709\u592e\u884c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u94f6\u884c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u592e\u884c\u80fd\u505a\u5230\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u4e48\uff1f\u6211\u4eec\u592e\u884c\u7684\u8d27\u5e01\u653f\u7b56\u662f\u5426\u4e5f\u6709\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u51b3\u7b56\u673a\u5236\u4e0e\u5916\u90e8\u7684\u5236\u8861\u5236\u5ea6\uff1f\u662f\u5426\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u592e\u884c\u4e5f\u5e94\u8be5\u5b9a\u671f\u5411\u4eba\u5927\u53ca\u5176\u4e13\u95e8\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u62a5\u544a\u8d27\u5e01\u653f\u7b56\u53ca\u5176\u540e\u679c\uff1f\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u592e\u884c\u6bcf\u5e74\u80fd\u5411\u56fd\u5bb6\u8d22\u653f\u4e0a\u7f34\u591a\u5c11\u5229\u6da6\uff1f\u9664\u4e86\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6708\u516c\u5e03\u7684\u592e\u884c\u8d44\u4ea7\u8d1f\u503a\u8868\u3001\u8d27\u5e01\u4f9b\u5e94\u91cf\u3001\u9ec4\u91d1\u548c\u5916\u6c47\u50a8\u5907\u7b49\u7b49\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b8f\u89c2\u8d27\u5e01\u6570\u636e\u5916\uff0c\u592e\u884c\u662f\u5426\u4e5f\u5e94\u8be5\u628a\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u7ecf\u8425\u72b6\u51b5\u516c\u5f00\uff1f\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f8e\u56fd\u8bae\u5458\u7f57\u6069\u2022\u4fdd\u7f57\uff08Ron Paul\uff09\u6240\u547c\u5401\u591a\u5e74\u7684\u5ba1\u8ba1\u592e\u884c\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1f<\/p>\n
\u4e2d\u5171\u5341\u516b\u5c4a\u4e09\u4e2d\u5168\u4f1a\u63d0\u51fa\uff1a\u201c\u5168\u9762\u6df1\u5316\u6539\u9769\u7684\u603b\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u5b8c\u5584\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u56fd\u7279\u8272\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u63a8\u8fdb\u56fd\u5bb6\u6cbb\u7406\u4f53\u7cfb\u548c\u6cbb\u7406\u80fd\u529b\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u3002\u201d\u4ec0\u4e48\u624d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u6cbb\u7406\u4f53\u7cfb\uff1f\u5efa\u7acb\u65e2\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5185\u90e8\u6c11\u4e3b\u51b3\u7b56\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u53c8\u6709\u5916\u90e8\u6743\u5229\u5236\u8861\u4e14\u80fd\u8fdb\u884c\u72ec\u7acb\u8d27\u5e01\u653f\u7b56\u51b3\u7b56\u7684\u592e\u884c\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u4e5f\u662f\u56fd\u5bb6\u6cbb\u7406\u4f53\u7cfb\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\uff1f<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u4f5c\u8005: \u97e6\u68ee\u00a0 \u00a0 \u6765\u6e90: \u53cb\u670b\u8bf4 \u5728\u300a\u8fd8\u539f\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u7f8e\u8054\u50a8\u300b\uff08\u6d59\u6c5f\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e2013\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\uff09\u8fd9\u672c\u975e\u5e38\u503c\u5f97\u4e00\u8bfb\u7684\u597d […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[14618,3333,4314,14617],"views":421,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/48124"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=48124"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/48124\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":48125,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/48124\/revisions\/48125"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=48124"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=48124"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=48124"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}