{"id":48578,"date":"2025-02-24T12:00:05","date_gmt":"2025-02-24T04:00:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/?p=48578"},"modified":"2025-02-24T13:08:13","modified_gmt":"2025-02-24T05:08:13","slug":"%e4%b8%ba%e5%8a%a8%e7%89%a9%e8%80%8c%e6%88%98-19%e4%b8%96%e7%ba%aa%e8%8b%b1%e5%9b%bd%e5%8a%a8%e7%89%a9%e4%bf%9d%e6%8a%a4%e4%b8%ad%e7%9a%84%e4%bc%a0%e7%bb%9f%e6%8c%aa%e7%94%a8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/?p=48578","title":{"rendered":"\u4e3a\u52a8\u7269\u800c\u6218: 19\u4e16\u7eaa\u82f1\u56fd\u52a8\u7269\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e2d\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u632a\u7528"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"post_info\">\u6765\u6e90: \u5c1a\u66e6\u8bfb\u53f2<\/div>\n<div id=\"content\" class=\"post_content\" data-cover=\"\">\n<div class=\"post_body\">\n<p 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id=\"3B6U8E14\">\u81ea20\u4e16\u7eaa70\u5e74\u4ee3\u8d77\uff0c\u52a8\u7269\u4f26\u7406\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u6e10\u83b7\u91cd\u89c6\u3002\u4e2a\u4e2d\u7f18\u7531\uff0c\u4e0d\u5916\u4e4e\u897f\u65b9\u4e16\u754c\u5728\u6b64\u65f6\u5174\u8d77\u4e86\u53c8\u4e00\u573a\u6fc0\u6602\u7684\u52a8\u7269\u89e3\u653e\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u52c3\u53d1\uff0c\u5021\u8bae\u8005\u3001\u8bc4\u8bba\u5bb6\u4e0e\u53f2\u5bb6\u4e5f\u6ecb\u751f\u4e86\u63a2\u8ba8\u8fc7\u5f80 \u52a8\u4fdd\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u5174\u8da3\u3002\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u52a8\u4fdd\u8fd0\u52a8\u5f80\u5f80\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u201c\u73b0\u4ee3\u611f\u6027\u80fd\u529b\u201d\uff08modern sensibility\uff09\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u5c55\u73b0\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u81f3\u4eca\u672a\u606f\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u611f\u6027\u80fd\u529b\u4e0e\u52a8\u4fdd\u8fd0\u52a8\u53f2\u7684\u91cd\u5efa\u5de5\u4f5c\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4e0d\u8bba\u5728\u5b66\u672f\u4f5c\u54c1\u8fd8\u662f\u5927\u4f17\u53d9\u4e8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u7ea6\u7565\u53ef\u533a\u522b\u51fa\u4e09\u79cd\u89e3\u91ca\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"3B6U8E16\">\u7b2c\u4e00\u662f\u601d\u60f3\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u957f\u4e45\u4ee5\u6765\u601d\u60f3\u4e4b\u529b\u91cf\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5907\u53d7\u91cd\u89c6\uff0c\u53c8\u6216\u8005\u4f9d\u5e38\u7406\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u201c\u601d\u60f3\u201d\u5fc5\u7136\u4fc3\u53d1\u201c\u884c\u52a8\u201d\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b66\u8005\u5f80\u5f80\u5c06\u73b0\u4ee3\u52a8\u7269\u4fdd\u62a4\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\uff0c\u8ffd\u9061\u5230\u8fd1\u4ee3\u65e9\u671f\u4ee5 \u53ca\u542f\u8499\u65f6\u671f\u4ee5\u6765\u7684\u667a\u8bc6\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5927\u91cf\u5f15\u7528\u8868\u8fbe\u4eba\u9053\u4e3b\u4e49\u60c5\u611f\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u548c\u54f2\u5b66\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u80fd\u91cd\u6784\u4eba\u4e0e\u52a8\u7269\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u53d1\u73b0\u7b49\uff0c\u8ba4\u5b9a \u601d\u60f3\u6240\u53d1\u6325\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5f62\u5851\u529b\u3002\u4f20\u7edf\u601d\u60f3\u53f2\u666e\u904d\u4fa7\u91cd\u201c\u4f1f\u5927\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u201d\u548c\u201c\u7ecf\u5178\u8457\u4f5c\u201d\u7684\u503e\u5411\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u8bf8\u5982\u52d2\u5185\u00b7\u7b1b\u5361\u5c14\uff08Ren\u00e9 Descartes\uff09\u3001\u6770\u91cc\u7c73\u00b7\u8fb9\u6c81\uff08Jeremy Bentham\uff09\u3001 \u67e5\u5c14\u65af\u00b7\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\uff08Charles Darwin\uff09\u7b49\u4eba\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u53d9\u4e8b\u4e2d\u5907\u53d7\u5f3a \u8c03\uff0c\u5e76\u88ab\u8ba4\u5b9a\u76f4\u63a5\u4fc3\u6210\u4e86\u65f6\u4ee3\u96c6\u4f53\u601d\u7ef4\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e03\u516b\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u5b66\u6d3e\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u51b3\u5b9a\u8bba\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u53d7\u5176\u5f71\u54cd\u4e0d\u5c0f\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7ed3\u6784\u89e3\u91ca\u89c2\u4e5f\u76db\u6781\u4e00\u65f6\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u53f2\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u52a8\u4fdd\u53f2\u9886\u57df\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f8b\u5916\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u91ca19\u4e16\u7eaa\u52a8\u4fdd \u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u5174\u8d77\uff0c\u5b66\u8005\u591a\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u4e0e\u90fd\u5e02\u5316\u7b49\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7ed3\u6784\u6027\u56e0\u7d20 \u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u8f6c\u53d8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u52a8\u7269\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u4fc3\u56e0\uff1a\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u4f7f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e3b\u8981\u751f\u4ea7 \u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0d\u518d\u4ef0\u8d56\u52a8\u7269\uff1b\u90fd\u5e02\u5316\u4f7f\u57ce\u5e02\u4eba\u4e0e\u52a8\u7269\u4e0d\u518d\u6709\u771f\u5b9e\u63a5\u89e6\u7684\u673a \u4f1a\uff0c\u9010\u6e10\u5d1b\u8d77\u7684\u4e2d\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u56e0\u800c\u8f6c\u800c\u62e5\u62b1\u5ba0\u7269\uff1b\u4ee5\u53ca\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u4e0a\u5c42\u9636 \u7ea7\u5c06\u5176\u81ea\u8eab\u4ef7\u503c\u65bd\u52a0\u4e8e\u52b3\u52a8\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u9738\u6743\u63a7\u5236\u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5171\u540c \u9020\u6210\u4e86\u8d77\u6e90\u4e8e\u57ce\u5e02\u4e2d\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5316\u52a8\u7269\u4fdd\u62a4\u884c\u52a8\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u5fc3\u7406\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u4e5f\u7ecf\u5e38\u4f34\u968f\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u793e \u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u53d6\u5411\uff08socio-psychological approach\uff09\u8fd9\u4e00\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u5b66\u6d3e\u3002 \u91c7\u7528\u6b64\u7c7b\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u8fd0\u52a8\u652f\u6301\u8005\u7684\u5185\u5728\u5fc3\u7406\u60c5\u7ed3\uff0c\u5982\u9690\u85cf\u6b32\u671b\u548c\u6050\u60e7\u4e0d\u5b89\u7b49\u60c5\u7eea\uff0c\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e4b\u5174\u8d77\u4e0e\u6d88\u9000\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u90e8\u8bb0\u8ff019\u4e16\u7eaa\u53cd\u52a8\u7269\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8fd0\u52a8\u53f2\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u7ef4\u591a\u5229\u4e9a\u793e\u4f1a\u7684 \u53cd\u52a8\u7269\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8fd0\u52a8\u548c\u533b\u5b66\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u7406\u67e5\u5fb7\u00b7\u6cd5\u5170\u5947\uff08Richard French\uff09\u9996\u6b21\u9488\u5bf9\u201c\u53cd\u52a8\u7269\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8005\u4e4b\u5fc3\u7075\u201d\u8fdb\u884c\u6df1\u5165\u5256\u6790\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd0\u52a8\u70ed\u6f6e\u6e90\u4e8e\u53cd\u52a8\u7269\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8005\u5bf9\u5ba0\u7269\u7684\u70ed\u7231\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u79cd\u70ed\u7231\u5219\u6e90\u81ea\u6027\u538b\u6291\u7684\u7ef4\u591a\u5229\u4e9a\u65f6\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\uff0c\u5927\u4f17\u201c\u5bf9\u8089\u4f53\u548c\u6f5c\u4f0f\u4f53\u5185\u7684\u6697\u9ed1\u2018\u4f4e \u7ea7\u81ea\u6211\uff08lower self\uff09\u2019\u7684\u6050\u60e7\u201d\u3002\u968f\u540e\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u4f8b\u5982\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u00b7\u7279\u7eb3\uff08James Turner\uff09\u7684\u300a\u601d\u53ca\u79bd\u517d\u300b\u548c\u5361\u7f57\u5c14\u00b7\u5170\u4e1d\u4f2f\u5229\uff08Carol Lansbury, 1929\u20141991\uff09\u7684\u300a\u8001\u68d5\u72d7\uff1a\u7231\u5fb7\u534e 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id=\"3B6U8E1A\">\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u540e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u667a\u8bc6\u6d6a\u6f6e\u51b2\u51fb\u4e0b\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u65b0\u6587\u5316\u53f2\u6240\u5021\u8bae\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\u4e0e\u63a5\u53d7\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u4ee5\u6606\u5ef7\u00b7\u65af\u91d1\u7eb3\uff08Quentin Skinner\uff09\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u5251\u6865\u601d\u60f3\u53f2\u5b66\u6d3e\uff0c\u7686\u5bf9\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u6587\u672c\u672c\u8eab\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u8d28\u7591\u3002\u5b66\u8005\u4e0d\u518d\u5047\u5b9a\u8bed\u8a00\u6216\u6587\u672c\u4e4b\u610f\u6db5\u6765\u81ea\u5176\u8bed\u8a00\u6216\u6587\u6cd5\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4ea7\u751f\u4e8e\u7279\u5b9a\u65f6\u7a7a\u3001\u8bed\u5883\u8109\u7edc\u4e0b\u4e4b\u201c\u7528\u201d\u3002\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u4e0a\uff0c\u5219\u56e0\u6b64\u7740\u91cd\u4e8e\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e0d\u540c\u601d\u60f3\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u591a\u91cd\u9610\u91ca\u4e0e\u632a\u7528\uff0c\u501f\u4ee5\u53d1\u6398\u4e0d\u540c\u201c\u5229\u76ca\u7fa4\u4f53\u201d\uff08interest groups\uff09\u6216\u201c\u8be0\u91ca\u793e\u7fa4\u201d\uff08interpretive community\uff09\u5728\u9762\u5bf9\u652f\u914d\u6027\u7684\u6587\u5316\u7ed3\u6784\u65f6\uff0c\u5c1a\u80fd\u5c55\u73b0\u7684\u4e00\u5b9a\u80fd\u52a8 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\u9020\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5584\u7528\u8eab\u8fb9\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u6587\u5316\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u81ea\u8eab\u5229\u76ca\u3001\u6ee1\u8db3\u81ea\u8eab \u9700\u8981\u548c\u5b8c\u6210\u81ea\u8eab\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5728\u540e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e3b\u4e49\u540c\u6837\u5e26\u52a8\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u8f6c\u5411\uff08the linguistic turn\uff09\u7684\u6fc0\u53d1\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ee5\u52a0\u96f7\u65af\u00b7\u65af\u7279\u5fb7\u66fc\u00b7\u743c\u65af\uff08Gareth Stedman Jones\uff09\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u4e00\u6279\u5b66\u8005\u7387\u5148\u6311\u6218\u4e8620\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e03\u516b\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u572819\u4e16\u7eaa\u82f1\u56fd\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u76db\u884c\u7684\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u4f7f\u4eba\u4eec\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u8bed\u8a00\u548c\u8bba\u8ff0\u4ea6\u5177\u6709\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u4e2d\u4ecb\u4e0e\u5efa\u6784\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5e94\u5f53 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acts\uff09\u5728\u610f\u4e49\u5efa\u6784\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u88ab\u8d4b\u4e88\u4e86\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u610f\u4e49\u540c\u6837\u4e0d\u518d\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4ec5\u5b58\u4e8e\u6587\u672c\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u6587\u672c\u4f5c\u8005\u6240\u9884\u8bbe\u7684\u5185\u5728\u542b\u4e49\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7531\u4f17\u591a\u6301\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u5229\u76ca\u3001\u5173\u6ce8\u70b9\u548c\u9700 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id=\"3B6U8E1C\">\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u8fd0\u52a8\u7814\u7a76\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u4ea6\u9762\u4e34\u4e0e\u53f2\u5b66\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u8b6c\u5982\uff0c\u65e9\u671f\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bf9\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u5c06\u793e\u4f1a\u8fd0\u52a8\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u81ea\u53d1\u3001\u6742\u4e71\u65e0\u7ae0\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u662f\u7531\u5fc3\u7406\u5931\u8c03\u6216 \u53cd\u5e38\u5f15\u53d1\u7684\u3002\u6709\u9274\u4e8e\u6b64\uff0c\u53d1\u5c55\u4e8e20\u4e16\u7eaa70\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u52a8\u5458\u7406\u8bba \uff08resource mobilization theories\uff09\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u805a\u7126\u4e8e\u8fd0\u52a8\u7fa4\u4f53\u83b7\u53d6\u548c\u90e8\u7f72\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u7406\u6027\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4fee\u6b63\u8fd0\u52a8\u8005\u4e0d\u5177\u7406\u6027\u7684\u8d1f\u9762\u5f62\u8c61\u3002\u800c20\u4e16\u7eaa80\u5e74\u4ee3\u540e\u671f\u5174\u8d77\u7684\u6587\u5316\u6846\u67b6\u89c6\u89d2\uff08cultural framing perspective\uff09\uff0c \u5219\u66f4\u5145\u5206\u5730\u8003\u91cf\u4e86\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e2d\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u8981\u7d20\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u5982\u4f55 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Grifffn\uff09\u5bf9\u4e8e\u725b\u72d7\u76f8\u6597\u8fd9\u4e00\u6c11\u95f4\u4f11\u95f2\u5a31\u4e50\u6d3b\u52a8\u548c\u4e0a\u5c42\u4eba\u58eb\u72e9\u730e\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4f8b\u3002\u683c\u91cc\u82ac\u4e0d\u91c7\u53d6\u4f20\u7edf \u4ee5\u6539\u9769\u8005\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u53d9\u4e8b\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8f6c\u4ece\u4f11\u95f2\u8fd0\u52a8\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u5c06\u52a8\u4fdd\u8fd0\u52a8\u7f6e\u4e8e\u65e5\u76ca\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u548c\u90fd\u5e02\u5316\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u56fd\u5185\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6597 \u4e89\u8109\u7edc\u4e2d\u5206\u6790\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c19\u4e16\u7eaa\u8fc5\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u52a8\u7269\u5b9e\u9a8c\u53ca\u5176\u53cd\u5bf9\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e5f\u5438\u5f15\u4e86\u4e00\u4f17\u79d1\u5b66\u53f2\u5bb6\u6295\u5165\u5176\u4e2d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u79d1\u5b66\u53f2\u5bb6\u591a\u80fd\u987e\u53ca\u66f4 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id=\"3B6U8E1I\">\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5bf919 \u4e16\u7eaa\u4eba\u4e0e\u52a8\u7269\u5173\u7cfb\u9886\u57df\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u4e3e\u8db3\u8f7b\u91cd\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c \u5219\u8981\u6570\u54c8\u8389\u7279 \u00b7 \u91cc\u7279\u6c83\uff08Harriet Ritvo\uff09\u7684\u300a\u52a8\u7269\u9636\u5c42\u300b\uff08The Animal Estate\uff09\u3002\u91cc\u7279\u6c83\u7684\u5173\u5207\u8fdc\u8fdc\u8d85\u51fa\u52a8\u4fdd\u8fd0\u52a8\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5e7f\u53ca\u9636\u7ea7\u3001\u6027\u522b\u3001\u79cd\u65cf\u548c\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u5316\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u7684\u70ed\u95e8\u63a2\u8ba8\u5c42\u9762\u3002\u5176\u53d6 \u5f84\u662f\u5c06\u52a8\u4fdd\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e0e\u7ef4\u591a\u5229\u4e9a\u65f6\u671f\u4e0e\u52a8\u7269\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 \u52a8\u7269\u54c1\u79cd\u57f9\u80b2\u3001\u72e9\u730e\u3001\u52a8\u7269\u56ed\u5efa\u8bbe\u548c\u72c2\u72ac\u75c5\u9632\u6cbb\u7b49\uff0c\u89c6\u4e3a\u63a2\u7d22\u4eba 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