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Hutcheson\uff1aAn Essay on the Nature and Conduct of Passions and Affections\uff0c with Illustrations on the Moral Sense\uff0cLiberty Fund\uff0c2002\uff0cp.15\uff09\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5f53\u54c8\u5947\u68ee\u8bfb\u5230\u300a\u4eba\u6027\u8bba\u300b\u4e2d\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u8bba\u8bc1\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4f4d\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u6b23\u8d4f\u4e4b\u60c5\u6ea2\u4e8e\u8a00\u8868\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u7ed9\u53cb\u4eba\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u4e2d\u8868\u793a\u201c\u8feb\u4e0d\u53ca\u5f85\u60f3\u89c1\u5230\u4f5c\u8005\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"http:\/\/zdimg.lifeweek.com.cn\/bg\/20180610\/1528645041654uvntn.jpg\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u54c8\u5947\u68ee\u300a\u8bba\u6fc0\u60c5\u4e0e\u611f\u53d7\u7684\u672c\u6027\u548c\u8868\u73b0\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u9053\u5fb7\u611f\u7684\u9610\u660e\u300b\uff08Liberty 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src=\"http:\/\/zdimg.lifeweek.com.cn\/bg\/20180610\/1528645064871jxuao.jpg\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u4f11\u8c1f\u300a\u4e00\u5c01\u7ec5\u58eb\u7684\u4fe1\u300b\uff08\u6765\u6e90\uff1anls.uk\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u6b21\u8fa9\u62a4\u5e76\u4e0d\u6210\u529f\u3002\u5728\u4f11\u8c1f\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\u4ee5\u53ca\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e00\u76f4\u90fd\u88ab\u8d34\u7740\u201c\u9053\u5fb7\u6000\u7591\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u7684\u6807\u7b7e\u3002\u5728\u6c99\u592b\u8328\u4f2f\u91cc\u548c\u54c8\u5947\u68ee\u90a3\u91cc\uff0c\u9053\u5fb7\u6000\u7591\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u4ee5\u970d\u5e03\u65af\u548c\u66fc\u5fb7\u7ef4\u5c14\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u90fd\u575a\u6301\u81ea\u7231\u8fd9\u79cd\u6fc0\u60c5\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u5bf9\u79c1\u5229\u7684\u5173\u6000\u662f\u9053\u5fb7\u5b66\u7684\u51fa\u53d1\u70b9\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5bf9\u4eba\u6027\u7684\u4e3b\u5f20\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u5426\u8ba4\u9053\u5fb7\u8bc4\u5224\u7684\u201c\u5b9e\u5728\u6027\u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5982\u679c\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u52a8\u673a\uff0c\u4ea6\u5373\u201c\u81ea\u7231\u201d\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u505a\u51fa\u9053\u5fb7\u5224\u5206\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u201c\u5b9e\u5728\u7684\u201d\u9053\u5fb7\u533a\u522b\u4e86\uff0c\u8fd9\u65e0\u7591\u662f\u201c\u9053\u5fb7\u6000\u7591\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u3002\u4f11\u8c1f\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u5f53\u4f5c\u54c8\u5947\u68ee\u7684\u8ffd\u968f\u8005\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u9053\u5fb7\u6000\u7591\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u3002\u5728\u300a\u4eba\u6027\u8bba\u300b\u7b2c\u4e09\u7bc7\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u5f88\u5c11\u8ba8\u8bba\u201c\u81ea\u7231\u201d\uff08self-love\uff09\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u201c\u81ea\u5229\u201d\uff08self-interest\uff09\u3002\u5373\u4fbf\u662f\u5728\u8c08\u8bba\u6b63\u4e49\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u4eba\u4e3a\u4e4b\u5fb7\u201d\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u53ea\u662f\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u81ea\u79c1\u6216\u6709\u9650\u6177\u6168\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u5728\u540e\u6765\u6539\u5199\u7684\u300a\u9053\u5fb7\u539f\u7406\u63a2\u7a76\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f11\u8c1f\u660e\u786e\u629b\u5f03\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u9053\u5fb7\u6000\u7591\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u5e76\u7a81\u51fa\u300a\u4eba\u6027\u8bba\u300b\u4e2d\u5bf9\u201c\u5229\u76ca\u201d\u6fc0\u60c5\u7684\u8bba\u8ff0\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u4e2a\u4eba\u5229\u76ca\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u516c\u4f17\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4e0e\u4e4b\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5206\u88c2\uff0c\u4f46\u9053\u5fb7\u60c5\u611f\u4ecd\u7136\u5ef6\u7eed\u4e0d\u65ad\u3002\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u51e1\u662f\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u5e76\u5b58\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u603b\u80fd\u53d1\u73b0\u9053\u5fb7\u60c5\u611f\u660e\u663e\u589e\u5f3a\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u4e00\u79cd\u5bf9\u5fb7\u7684\u5f3a\u70c8\u70ed\u7231\uff0c\u548c\u5bf9\u6076\u7684\u5f3a\u70c8\u618e\u6076\uff0c\u6216\u8005\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6070\u5f53\u5730\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u611f\u6fc0\u548c\u62a5\u590d\u3002\u8feb\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u653e\u5f03\u4ee5\u81ea\u7231\u79c9\u6027\u89e3\u91ca\u9053\u5fb7\u60c5\u611f\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u201d\uff08Philosophical Works of David Hume\uff0cVol. IV\uff0cThoemmes Press\uff0c1996\uff0cp.282\uff09\u5982\u679c\u8054\u7cfb\u300a\u4eba\u6027\u8bba\u300b\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7bc7\u201c\u8bba\u6fc0\u60c5\u201d\uff0c\u8bfb\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u770b\u5230\u4f11\u8c1f\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u60c5\u611f\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0e\u5fc3\u7406\u5206\u6790\u3002\u4ed6\u5e0c\u671b\u5728\u5bf9\u4eba\u7684\u60c5\u611f\uff0f\u6fc0\u60c5\u7684\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\u5411\u4e16\u4eba\u8bc1\u660e\uff1a\u9053\u5fb7\u5224\u5206\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u8d77\u6e90\u4e8e\u60c5\u611f\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"http:\/\/zdimg.lifeweek.com.cn\/bg\/20180610\/1528645076894omlzr.jpg\" 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src=\"http:\/\/zdimg.lifeweek.com.cn\/bg\/20180610\/1528645092636vwrzl.jpg\" \/><\/p>\n<p>18\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\u671f\u7231\u4e01\u5821\u7684\u8bae\u4f1a\u5e7f\u573a\u548c\u516c\u5171\u96d5\u5851\uff08Roberts, Wilkie, Nasmyth &amp; Stanfield, 19th century \/ \u00a9 City of Edinburgh Museums and Art Galleries, Scotland \/ The Bridgeman Art 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