{"id":49290,"date":"2025-03-11T05:30:30","date_gmt":"2025-03-10T21:30:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/?p=49290"},"modified":"2025-03-11T05:30:30","modified_gmt":"2025-03-10T21:30:30","slug":"%e6%a2%85%e5%9b%a0%e4%b8%8e%e8%87%aa%e7%94%b1%e5%b8%9d%e5%9b%bd%e4%b8%bb%e4%b9%89%e7%9a%84%e7%bb%88%e7%bb%93","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/?p=49290","title":{"rendered":"\u6885\u56e0\u4e0e\u81ea\u7531\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u7ec8\u7ed3"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u4f5c\u8005: \u4f55\u4fca\u6bc5<\/p>\n<p>\u672c\u6587\u7cfb\u300a\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u8fa9\u89e3\u300b\u4e2d\u8bd1\u672c\u5bfc\u8a00<\/p>\n<section class=\"\">\n<section>\n<section>\u81ea18\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u671f\u59cb\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u5de5\u4e1a\u9769\u547d\u5728\u5927\u673a\u5668\u7684\u8f70\u9e23\u58f0\u4e2d\u9ad8\u6b4c\u731b\u8fdb\uff0c\u5176\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b9e\u529b\u7a7a\u524d\u63d0\u5347\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e5f\u76f8\u5e94\u5730\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u8f6c\u53d8\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u91cd\u5546\u4e3b\u4e49\u7406\u8bba\u53ca\u5176\u5f71\u54cd\u4e0b\u7684\u5e1d\u56fd\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u57fa\u7840\u906d\u5230\u4e86\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u4fb5\u8680\u548c\u7834\u574f\u30021783\u5e74\u300a\u5df4\u9ece\u548c\u7ea6\u300b\u7b7e\u8ba2\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u6b63\u5f0f\u627f\u8ba4\u7f8e\u56fd\u72ec\u7acb\uff0c\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u7b2c\u4e00\u82f1\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u89e3\u4f53\uff0c\u66fe\u76db\u6781\u4e00\u65f6\u7684\u91cd\u5546\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e5f\u76f8\u7ee7\u8d8b\u4e8e\u8870\u7aed\u3002\u81ea\u7531\u8d38\u6613\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u66ff\u4ee3\u6027\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u8d44\u6e90\u5f00\u59cb\u5d2d\u9732\u5934\u89d2\uff0c\u5e76\u9010\u6e10\u53d1\u5c55\u6210\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u65b0\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u5e1d\u56fd\u653f\u7b56\u3002\u968f\u540e\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u3001\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u7406\u8bba\u5bb6\u53ca\u5176\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u53d1\u660e\u4e86\u81ea\u7531\u8d38\u6613\u4e0e\u4f20\u6559\u4e8b\u4e1a\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\u7684\u201c\u6559\u5316\u4f7f\u547d\u201d\uff08civilizing 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imperialism\uff09\u3002<strong>\u8fd9\u79cd\u8fa9\u62a4\u6a21\u5f0f\u575a\u6301\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\u5bf9\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u662f\u6709\u76ca\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u540c\u65f6\u5c06\u4e4b\u89c6\u4e3a\u6b27\u6d32\u6587\u660e\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u4f7f\u547d\u548c\u8d23\u4efb\u3002<\/strong>\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u9700\u8981\u5728\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u597d\u653f\u5e9c\u201d\uff0c\u5373\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u79cd\u65e8\u5728\u6539\u8fdb\u81e3\u5c5e\u79cd\u65cf\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c06\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u8fa9\u62a4\u4e0e\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u6539\u9769\u7eb2\u9886\u4ea4\u7ec7\u5728\u4e86\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8ba4\u8bc6\u52a0\u901f\u4e86\u5e72\u6d89\u4e3b\u4e49\u653f\u7b56\u5728\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u7684\u63a8\u884c\uff0c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e86\u5e1d\u56fd\u5bf9\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u6587\u5316\u548c\u5b97\u6559\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5e72\u6d89\u548c\u6539\u9020\uff0c\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u52a0\u901f\u4e86\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u539f\u6709\u793e\u4f1a\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u74e6\u89e3\uff0c\u4e3a\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u6df7\u4e71\u57cb\u4e0b\u4e86\u6bc1\u706d\u6027\u7684\u79cd\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n<p>19\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e0a\u534a\u671f\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u5de5\u4e1a\u9769\u547d\u6b63\u5728\u4ee5\u524d\u6240\u672a\u6709\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u548c\u529b\u91cf\u5411\u524d\u63a8\u8fdb\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u51ed\u501f\u8fd9\u79cd\u7a7a\u524d\u7684\u7e41\u8363\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u81ea\u4fe1\uff0c\u4e43\u81f3\u6574\u4e2a\u6b27\u6d32\u5728\u6587\u5316\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0a\u7684\u4f18\u8d8a\u611f\u7a7a\u524d\u81a8\u80c0\u3002\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e00\u5207\u4f7f\u5f97\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u5bf9\u5e1d\u56fd\u7edf\u6cbb\u4e0b\u7684\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u7684\u540c\u60c5\u548c\u601c\u60af\uff0c\u8fd9\u5176\u4e2d\u5fc5\u7136\u8574\u542b\u7740\u67d0\u79cd\u5c45\u9ad8\u4e34\u4e0b\u7684\u6559\u5316\u5fc3\u6001\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c19\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u671f\uff0c\u5361\u83b1\u5c14\u5c31\u66fe\u65d7\u5e1c\u9c9c\u660e\u5730\u5ba3\u79f0\uff0c\u6b27\u6d32\u4eba\u8981\u6bd4\u975e\u6d32\u4eba\u806a\u660e\uff0c\u52a3\u7b49\u6c11\u65cf\u5e94\u5f53\u9a6f\u670d\u4e8e\u4f18\u7b49\u6c11\u65cf\u3002\u6b63\u5f53\u8fd9\u79cd\u6c11\u65cf\u4f18\u8d8a\u611f\u65e5\u76ca\u5f3a\u52b2\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u6c89\u6d78\u5728\u4e00\u7247\u559c\u5e86\u50b2\u6162\u7684\u6c1b\u56f4\u4e2d\u65f6\uff0c\u5669\u8017\u5374\u5728\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u5934\u4f20\u6765\uff0c\u201c\u5370\u5ea6\u7206\u53d1\u4e86\u5168\u9762\u7684\u5175\u53d8\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"\">\n<section>\n<section><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"\">\n<section>\n<section><img src=\"https:\/\/i01piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/7bf659759c2e65fd\" \/><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"\">\n<section>\n<section>An East India Company grandee<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"\">\n<section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section>1857\u5e745\u67089\u65e5\uff08\u661f\u671f\u516d\uff09\uff0c\u90a3\u5929\u65e9\u6668\uff0c\u548c\u7166\u7684\u9633\u5149\u4ece\u4e1c\u65b9\u6d12\u5411\u5175\u7ad9\u7684\u7ec3\u5175\u573a\uff0c\u5bc6\u62c9\u7279\u65c5\u7684\u6218\u58eb\u4eec\u88ab\u96c6\u5408\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u6ce8\u89c6\u7740\u4ed6\u4eec\u768485\u4f4d\u6218\u53cb\u6234\u7740\u6c89\u91cd\u7684\u811a\u9563\u624b\u94d0\uff0c\u88ab\u5e26\u8fdb\u56da\u7262\u3002\u636e\u8bf4\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u62d2\u7edd\u4e3a\u65b0\u5f15\u8fdb\u7684\u6b65\u67aa\u88c5\u586b\u5b50\u5f39\u800c\u906d\u53d7\u60e9\u7f5a\u7684\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5929\uff0c\u5f53\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\u519b\u5b98\u90fd\u53bb\u6559\u5802\u65f6\uff0c\u5175\u7ad9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u5370\u5ea6\u5175\u56e2\u594b\u8d77\u53cd\u6297\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u91ca\u653e\u4e86\u56da\u72af\uff0c\u6740\u6b7b\u4e86\u51e0\u4f4d\u8bd5\u56fe\u963b\u6b62\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u519b\u5b98\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u9ad8\u547c\u201c\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u5411\u5fb7\u91cc\u524d\u8fdb\uff01\u201d1857\u5e74\u5e74\u521d\uff0c\u82f1\u519b\u6539\u8fdb\u88c5\u5907\uff0c\u5f15\u8fdb\u4e86\u4e00\u6279\u65b0\u7684\u540e\u819b\u88c5\u586b\u7684\u57c3\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7\u5f0f\u6b65\u67aa\uff0c\u5728\u88c5\u586b\u67aa\u7ba1\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u58eb\u5175\u987b\u5148\u54ac\u6389\u5f39\u836f\u7b52\u7684\u672b\u7aef\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u519b\u4e2d\u4f20\u8a00\uff0c\u65b0\u6d3e\u53d1\u7684\u5f39\u836f\u7b52\u662f\u9760\u52a8\u7269\u8102\u80aa\u6da6\u6ed1\u7684\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u58eb\u5175\u987b\u7528\u5634\u54ac\u6389\u5f39\u836f\u7b52\u7684\u672b\u7aef\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5370\u5ea6\u6559\u5f92\u548c\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u6559\u5f92\u90fd\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u906d\u5230\u4eb5\u6e0e\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u6da6\u6ed1\u6cb9\u662f\u725b\u6cb9\u505a\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u4eb5\u6e0e\u4e86\u5370\u5ea6\u6559\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u662f\u732a\u6cb9\u505a\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u4eb5\u6e0e\u4e86\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u3002\u5c31\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u5b50\u5f39\u8fd8\u672a\u4e0a\u819b\u5c31\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u51b2\u7a81\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5175\u53d8\u7206\u53d1\u540e\u4ec5\u4ec5\u4e24\u4e2a\u6708\uff0c\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u5c31\u5728\u300a\u6765\u81ea\u5370\u5ea6\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u300b\u4e2d\u5bf9\u6b64\u6b21\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e88\u4ee5\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u201c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e8b\u5b9e\u751a\u81f3\u80fd\u4f7f\u7ea6\u7ff0\u725b\u4e5f\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u519b\u4e8b\u53db\u4e71\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u6c11\u65cf\u8d77\u4e49\u201d\u30021857\u5e74\u5370\u5ea6\u5175\u53d8\u5bf9\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u5e1d\u56fd\u89c2\u5ff5\u548c\u5e1d\u56fd\u653f\u7b56\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u6781\u5927\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5b83\u76f4\u63a5\u4fc3\u6210\u4e86\u82f1\u56fd\u5728\u5370\u5ea6\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u8c03\u6574\u30021858\u5e7411\u67081\u65e5\uff0c\u7ef4\u591a\u5229\u4e9a\u5973\u738b\u53d1\u8868\u58f0\u660e\uff0c\u660e\u786e\u5426\u8ba4\u82f1\u56fd\u6709\u201c\u5c06\u6587\u660e\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u5f3a\u52a0\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6d77\u5916\u81e3\u6c11\u4e4b\u4e0a\u7684\u6743\u529b\u548c\u610f\u613f\u201d\u3002\u4ece\u6b64\uff0c\u6536\u56de\u4e86\u4e1c\u5370\u5ea6\u516c\u53f8\u5728\u5370\u5ea6\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\u6743\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u7531\u738b\u5ba4\u6d3e\u603b\u7763\u7ba1\u8f96\u3002<strong>\u7531\u4e8e\u66fe\u7ecf\u5f3a\u5236\u63a8\u884c\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u6fc0\u8d77\u4e86\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u7684\u6781\u7aef\u4e0d\u6ee1\u60c5\u7eea\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c4a\u653f\u5e9c\u4ee5\u53f2\u4e3a\u9274\uff0c\u660e\u786e\u63d0\u51fa\u4ee5\u4e0d\u5e72\u6d89\u4e3b\u4e49\u4f5c\u4e3a\u82f1\u56fd\u7edf\u6cbb\u7684\u6307\u5bfc\u539f\u5219\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"\">\n<section>\n<section><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"\">\n<section>\n<section><img src=\"https:\/\/i01piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/31a224048d032b35\" \/><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"\">\n<section>\n<section>\u00a0Capture of the last Mughal emperor and his sonsby William Hodson in 1857<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"\">\n<section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section>\u5370\u5ea6\u5175\u53d8\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u5e1d\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u5386\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u52a8\u8361\u4e0d\u5b89\u3001\u72c2\u66b4\u6fc0\u70c8\u7684\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u6bb5\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u5e1d\u56fd\u7248\u56fe\u4e0a\u7206\u53d1\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u8d77\u4e49\uff0c\u5982\u65b0\u897f\u5170\u7684\u6bdb\u5229\u6218\u4e89\u3001\u7259\u4e70\u52a0\u7684\u83ab\u5170\u7279\u6e7e\u53db\u4e71\u548c\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u7684\u82ac\u5c3c\u5b89\u8d77\u4e49\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e00\u9053\u4fc3\u6210\u4e86\u5f53\u5730\u53db\u4e71\u548c\u5e1d\u56fd\u6839\u57fa\u52a8\u6447\u7684\u9669\u6076\u9884\u5146\u3002\u9274\u4e8e\u5f53\u65f6\u5371\u673a\u91cd\u91cd\u7684\u6c1b\u56f4\uff0c\u4e00\u5927\u6279\u7ef4\u591a\u5229\u4e9a\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u5f00\u59cb\u53cd\u601d\u81ea\u7531\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u53ca\u5176\u6539\u9769\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u6b63\u5f53\u6027\uff0c\u6885\u56e0\u65e0\u7591\u662f\u8fd9\u4e00\u601d\u6f6e\u4e2d\u7684\u7fd8\u695a\u3002\u5728\u6885\u56e0\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u5175\u53d8\u65e0\u7591\u662f\u201c\u6574\u4e2a\u76ce\u683c\u9c81\u2014\u5370\u5ea6\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u6700\u4e3a\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u201d\u3002\u5bf9\u4e0d\u5217\u98a0\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u8fd9\u573a\u53db\u4e71\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c97\u66b4\u91ce\u86ee\u7684\u8b66\u793a\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f7f\u5176\u7406\u60f3\u5f52\u4e8e\u5e7b\u706d\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u52a8\u6447\u4e86\u5b83\u5728\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e8b\u4e1a\u4e0a\u65e5\u76ca\u589e\u5f3a\u7684\u81ea\u4fe1\u3002\u6885\u56e0\u540c\u610f\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5173\u4e8e\u5175\u53d8\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u5e76\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5175\u53d8\u662f\u5bf9\u82f1\u56fd\u610f\u8bc6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e00\u6b21\u51b2\u51fb\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5175\u53d8\u53d1\u5c55\u4e3a\u66b4\u4e71\u7684\u7a7a\u524d\u901f\u5ea6\u548c\u89c4\u6a21\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4f3c\u4e4e\u51fa\u4e8e\u4e00\u79cd\u795e\u79d8\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5370\u5ea6\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u5b97\u6559\u60c5\u611f\u7684\u6301\u4e45\u5b58\u5728\u53ca\u5176\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u201c\u79cd\u59d3\u60c5\u611f\u201d\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u5f97\u5230\u82f1\u56fd\u653f\u7b56\u5236\u5b9a\u8005\uff08\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u6539\u9769\u8005\uff09\u7684\u91cd\u89c6\u3002<strong>\u6885\u56e0\u5f3a\u8c03\u53db\u4e71\u4e43\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4e0e\u8ba4\u8bc6\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5931\u8d25\uff1b\u5b83\u4ece\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u77e5\u8bc6\u532e\u4e4f\u201d\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\u3002<\/strong>\u4ed6\u5199\u9053\uff0c\u201c\u6211\u4e0d\u80fd\u5bf9\u5982\u6b64\u5e7f\u535a\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u505a\u51fa\u660e\u786e\u7684\u65ad\u8a00\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u5370\u5ea6\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u4fe1\u5ff5\u7684\u8003\u5bdf\u4ecd\u5341\u5206\u6d45\u8584\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u575a\u6301\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5bf9\u5176\u62e5\u6709\u51c6\u786e\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u4e5f\u6b63\u662f\u8fd9\u4e00\u9519\u8bef\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u5370\u5ea6\u5175\u53d8\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u66fc\u7279\u5a1c\uff08Karuna Mantena\uff09\u7684\u300a\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u8fa9\u89e3\u300b\uff08Alibis of Empire: Henry Maine and the ends of liberal imperialism\uff09\u66fe\u4e8e2011\u5e74\u8363\u83b7\u8036\u9c81\u5927\u5b66\u9ea6\u514b\u7c73\u5170\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff08The MacMillan Center\uff09\u53f2\u5bc6\u65af\u56fd\u9645\u56fe\u4e66\u5956\uff08Gaddis Smith International Book Prize\uff09\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u7cfb\u8036\u9c81\u5927\u5b66\u653f\u6cbb\u79d1\u5b66\u7cfb\u52a9\u7406\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u672c\u4e66\u7531\u5854\u514b\uff08Richard Tuck\uff09\u548c\u6885\u5854\uff08Pratap Bhanu Mehta\uff09\u6307\u5bfc\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u8ba1\u5212\u53d1\u5c55\u800c\u6765\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4f5c\u8005\u8017\u8d39\u5341\u591a\u5e74\u7684\u5fc3\u8840\u8fdb\u884c\u601d\u8003\u3001\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u5199\u4f5c\u7684\u6700\u7ec8\u6210\u679c\u7684\u5c55\u793a\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u5728\u672c\u4e66\u4e2d\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u5e1d\u56fd\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u7684\u524d\u4e16\u4eca\u751f\uff0c\u5979\u6311\u6218\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c2\u70b9\uff1a\u7ef4\u591a\u5229\u4e9a\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u5e1d\u56fd\u89c2\u5ff5\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u201c\u8fdb\u6b65\u201d\u548c\u201c\u6587\u660e\u201d\u89c2\u5ff5\u8bc1\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u5979\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u90a3\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u6cd5\u5b66\u5bb6\u6885\u56e0\u662f\u53d1\u8d77\u8fd9\u4e00\u6311\u6218\u7684\u5173\u952e\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u662f\u5bf9\u5148\u524d\u81ea\u7531\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u7406\u5ff5\u548c\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u6df1\u523b\u53cd\u601d\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5bf9\u665a\u671f\u5e1d\u56fd\u89c2\u5ff5\u53ca\u5176\u5b9e\u8df5\u7684\u6700\u5177\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u3002<strong>\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u5bf9\u81ea\u7531\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u6279\u5224\uff0c\u5e1d\u56fd\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u5f00\u59cb\u4ece\u201c\u6559\u5316\u4f7f\u547d\u201d\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u8fa9\u62a4\u8f6c\u5411\u4e86\u5bf9\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u201c\u81ea\u7136\u201d\u9700\u8981\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u548c\u9002\u5e94\u3002<\/strong>\u8fd9\u4e00\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u7684\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u4f4d\u4e0e\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u6885\u56e0\u662f\u8fd9\u4e00\u667a\u8bc6\u661f\u7fa4\u4e2d\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u73b0\u4ee3\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u5bf9\u665a\u671f\u5e1d\u56fd\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u548c\u7edf\u6cbb\u5b9e\u8df5\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u91cd\u5927\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"\">\n<section>\n<section><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"\">\n<section>\n<section><img src=\"https:\/\/i04piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/8131be3d71742f6d\" \/><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"\">\n<section>\n<section>\u300a\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u8fa9\u89e3\u2014\u2014 \u4ea8\u5229\u00b7\u6885\u56e0\u4e0e\u81ea\u7531\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u7ec8\u7ed3\u300b[\u7f8e]\u5361\u9c81\u5a1c\u00b7\u66fc\u7279\u5a1c \u8457\u00a0 \u00a0 \u4f55\u4fca\u6bc5 \u00a0\u8bd1<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"\">\n<section>\n<section>\u56fd\u5185\u5b66\u754c\u5bf9\u6885\u56e0\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u7531\u6765\u5df2\u4e45\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u6838\u5fc3\u8457\u8ff0\u5df2\u6709\u4e2d\u8bd1\u672c\u9762\u4e16\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u300a\u53e4\u4ee3\u6cd5\u300b\u65e9\u57281959\u5e74\u5df2\u7531\u5546\u52a1\u5370\u4e66\u9986\u51fa\u7248\u53d1\u884c\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u6885\u56e0\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5c1a\u5904\u4e8e\u8d77\u6b65\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u56fd\u5185\u5b66\u754c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6885\u56e0\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4ecd\u5c40\u9650\u4e8e\u5bf9\u5176\u300a\u53e4\u4ee3\u6cd5\u300b\u53ca\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u4ece\u8eab\u4efd\u5230\u5951\u7ea6\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u683c\u8a00\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u3001\u7a7a\u6d1e\u7684\u91cd\u590d\u9610\u8ff0\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0e\u8428\u7ef4\u5c3c\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u6765\u63ed\u793a\u5176\u5386\u53f2\u6cd5\u5b66\u7684\u6807\u7b7e\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u8ba8\u8bba\u4ed6\u5bf9\u5373\u5c06\u6765\u4e34\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u5fe7\u601d\u3002\u81f3\u4eca\uff0c\u56fd\u5185\u5b66\u754c\u5bf9\u6885\u56e0\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u63a2\u7a76\u4f9d\u65e7\u662f\u8131\u79bb\u65f6\u7a7a\u7684\u6587\u672c\u6f14\u7ece\uff0c\u6885\u56e0\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u8fd8\u88ab\u5f53\u4f5c\u4e00\u4e2a\u67af\u71e5\u65e0\u5473\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u53f2\u4e13\u5bb6\u6765\u5bf9\u5f85\u3002\u300a\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u8fa9\u89e3\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u5c06\u6885\u56e0\u7684\u6cd5\u5b66\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u3001\u548c\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u5e1d\u56fd\u8bed\u5883\u548c\u76d8\u6258\u51fa\uff0c\u5e76\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u7406\u8bba\u5bf9\u665a\u671f\u5e1d\u56fd\u601d\u60f3\u8def\u7ebf\u548c\u7edf\u6cbb\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u5851\u9020\u3002\u5b83\u5411\u6211\u4eec\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e30\u5bcc\u9c9c\u6d3b\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5177\u6709\u73b0\u5b9e\u653f\u6cbb\u5173\u6000\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u66f4\u4e3a\u51c6\u786e\u3001\u5168\u9762\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u6885\u56e0\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6781\u597d\u7684\u6307\u5f15\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u9632\u6b62\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u6885\u56e0\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u3001\u7a7a\u6d1e\u7684\u3001\u7247\u9762\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u5bf9\u5370\u5ea6\u5175\u53d8\u4e4b\u8d77\u56e0\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u548c\u5224\u65ad\uff0c\u6885\u56e0\u5f00\u59cb\u5f3a\u8c03\u5e94\u9996\u5148\u4ece\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u201d\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u89e3\u91ca\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u3002\u6885\u56e0\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5bf9\u5f53\u4ee3\u5370\u5ea6\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u5236\u5ea6\uff08\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5370\u5ea6\u6751\u793e\u2014\u5171\u540c\u4f53[village-communities]\uff09\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5c06\u7cbe\u786e\u5730\u9610\u660e\u96c5\u5229\u5b89\u793e\u4f1a\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5370\u5ea6\u793e\u4f1a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u505c\u6ede\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u5b83\u963b\u6b62\u4e86\u65e9\u671f\u9636\u6bb5\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e86\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u53e4\u8001\u6027\u683c\u3002\u5370\u5ea6\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u6b27\u6d32\u201c\u6d3b\u751f\u751f\u7684\u201d\u8fc7\u53bb\uff0c\u201c\u53ef\u80fd\u518d\u6ca1\u6709\u54ea\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u4e60\u4fd7\u6bd4\u5370\u5ea6\u7684\u4e60\u4fd7\u66f4\u4e3a\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u4e86\u201d\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u6885\u56e0\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u201c\u4ece\u8eab\u4efd\u5230\u5951\u7ea6\u201d\uff08\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u53d6\u4ee3\u5bb6\u5ead\u800c\u6210\u4e3a\u6c11\u6cd5\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5355\u5143\uff09\u7684\u6f14\u8fdb\u5386\u7a0b\uff0c\u5728\u82f1\u5e1d\u56fd\u7edf\u6cbb\u7684\u94c1\u8e44\u4e4b\u4e0b\u88ab\u620f\u5267\u6027\u5730\u52a0\u901f\u4e86\u3002<strong>\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5185\u5728\u878d\u8d2f\u6027\u548c\u7ed3\u6784\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u4e0e\u73b0\u4ee3\u5236\u5ea6\u548c\u89c2\u5ff5\u7684\u63a5\u89e6\u800c\u906d\u5230\u4e86\u6108\u53d1\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u7834\u574f\u3002<\/strong>\u5370\u5ea6\u6751\u793e\u2014\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u7684\u6d3b\u529b\u548c\u4e60\u4fd7\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u73b0\u4ee3\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6743\u5229\u3001\u7edd\u5bf9\u8d22\u4ea7\u6743\u548c\u5951\u7ea6\u81ea\u7531\u7b49\u89c2\u5ff5\u7684\u5f15\u5165\u800c\u8fc5\u901f\u74e6\u89e3\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u5bf9\u6885\u56e0\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u74e6\u89e3\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u52a0\u901f\u5bf9\u5e1d\u56fd\u7edf\u6cbb\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u91cd\u5927\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"\">\n<section>\n<section>\u540c\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u5bb6\uff08\u5982\u6469\u5c14\u6839\uff09\u7ee7\u7eed\u4fdd\u7559\u4e8618\u4e16\u7eaa\u539f\u59cb\u2014\u91ce\u86ee\u2014\u6587\u660e\u7684\u4e09\u4f4d\u4e00\u4f53\uff0c\u5e76\u8bd5\u56fe\u4e25\u683c\u5730\u5212\u5206\u6587\u660e\u6f14\u8fdb\u7684\u7b49\u7ea7\u9636\u6bb5\u3002\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6885\u56e0\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u7528\u4f20\u7edf\u793e\u4f1a\/\u73b0\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e8c\u5143\u6a21\u5f0f\u53bb\u5212\u5206\u793e\u4f1a\u3002<strong>\u5728\u6885\u56e0\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u8eab\u4efd\u5173\u7cfb\u8c03\u6574\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5951\u7ea6\u5173\u7cfb\u8c03\u6574\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u662f\u6574\u9f50\u6709\u5e8f\u4e14\u7ed3\u6784\u4e25\u8c28\u7684\u6574\u5168\u793e\u4f1a\u3002<\/strong>\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u6885\u56e0\u52fe\u52d2\u7684\u8fd9\u5e45\u5de8\u578b\u753b\u5377\u5c55\u73b0\u7684\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u793e\u4f1a\u5206\u7b49\u7ea7\u5b89\u7f6e\u7684\u6587\u660e\u9636\u68af\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5404\u6709\u754c\u9650\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5e76\u6392\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u9886\u57df\u3002\u7531\u6b64\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5f62\u6001\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u5b58\u5728\u5e94\u8be5\u83b7\u5f97\u5176\u6b63\u5f53\u6027\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6587\u5316\u3001\u4e60\u4fd7\u3001\u5236\u5ea6\u548c\u5b97\u6559\u4e5f\u90fd\u5e94\u5f53\u83b7\u5f97\u5e94\u6709\u7684\u5c0a\u91cd\u548c\u5bbd\u5bb9\u3002\u7ecf\u8fc7\u8be6\u5c3d\u7684\u8003\u5bdf\uff0c\u6885\u56e0\u5f97\u51fa\u5982\u4e0b\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u6751\u793e\u2014\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u4f20\u7edf\u793e\u4f1a\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u4ece\u67d0\u79cd\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u800c\u8a00\u662f\u81ea\u7ed9\u81ea\u8db3\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u80fd\u591f\u8fdb\u884c\u201c\u81ea\u6211\u884c\u52a8\u201d\u3001\u201c\u81ea\u6211\u7ba1\u7406\u201d\u548c\u201c\u81ea\u6211\u7ec4\u7ec7\u201d\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c06\u4f20\u7edf\u793e\u4f1a\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u5168\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ee5\u4fdd\u62a4\u548c\u4fdd\u5b58\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u548c\u4e60\u4fd7\u4e3a\u5bfc\u5411\u7684\u665a\u671f\u5e1d\u56fd\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7406\u8bba\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u9996\u5148\u5728\u540e\u5175\u53d8\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u5370\u5ea6\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u5728\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u548c\u975e\u6d32\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\uff0c\u201c\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u74e6\u89e3\u201d\u7684\u60f3\u8c61\uff0c\u5728\u665a\u671f\u5e1d\u56fd\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u8bed\u5883\u4e2d\u88ab\u5145\u5206\u8c03\u52a8\u4e86\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u5e1d\u56fd\u884c\u653f\u5b98\u5458\uff08\u5982\u83b1\u5c14\u3001\u514b\u7f57\u9ed8\u52cb\u7235\u3001\u6208\u767b\u548c\u5362\u683c\u5fb7\u52cb\u7235\uff09\u4ee5\u6885\u56e0\u6240\u9610\u91ca\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u793e\u4f1a\u7406\u8bba\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u9010\u6e10\u9610\u660e\u4e86\u4e00\u5957\u5173\u4e8e\u95f4\u63a5\u7edf\u6cbb\uff08Indirect Rule\uff09\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u8fd9\u5957\u7406\u8bba\u5728\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0a\u690d\u6839\u4e8e\u5206\u6743\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e0e\u4e16\u754c\u591a\u5143\u4e3b\u4e49\u5b58\u5728\u89c4\u8303\u6027\u5173\u8054\u3002<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"\">\n<section>\n<section>\u968f\u540e\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u8003\u5bdf\u4e86\u6cd5\u5178\u7f16\u7e82\u8fd9\u4e00\u805a\u8bbc\u7eb7\u7ead\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5206\u6790\u6885\u56e0\u5728\u5370\u5ea6\u6cd5\u5178\u7f16\u7e82\u7684\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4e89\u8bba\u4e2d\u7684\u4ecb\u5165\uff0c\u8be6\u7ec6\u9610\u660e\u4e86\u4ed6\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u6cd5\u5b66\u6807\u7b7e\u5728\u6cd5\u5178\u7f16\u7e82\u9886\u57df\u6240\u5177\u6709\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u5b9e\u8df5\u610f\u6db5\u3002\u62ff\u7834\u4ed1\u6218\u8d25\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u6cd5\u5b66\u6d3e\u7684\u9886\u519b\u4eba\u7269\u8428\u7ef4\u5c3c\u4e8e1814\u5e74\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u300a\u8bba\u7acb\u6cd5\u4e0e\u6cd5\u5b66\u7684\u5f53\u4ee3\u4f7f\u547d\u300b\u3002\u8428\u7ef4\u5c3c\u6279\u5224\u4e86\u5728\u5fb7\u56fd\u5236\u5b9a\u7edf\u4e00\u6c11\u6cd5\u5178\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5f53\u65f6\u6cd5\u5b66\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u663e\u7136\u4e0d\u80fd\u591f\u62c5\u5f53\u6b64\u4efb\u3002\u4e0e\u8428\u7ef4\u5c3c\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u82f1\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u6cd5\u5b66\u6d3e\u4ee3\u8868\u4eba\u7269\u7684\u6885\u56e0\u4e5f\u5bf9\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u5236\u5b9a\u4e00\u90e8\u826f\u597d\u7684\u6210\u6587\u6cd5\u5178\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u8868\u793a\u6000\u7591\u3002\u6885\u56e0\u95ee\u9053\uff0c\u201c\u6709\u4eba\u80fd\u591f\u5c06\u5173\u4e8e\u73b0\u5b58\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u7cbe\u786e\u77e5\u8bc6\u4e0e\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u9700\u8981\u548c\u5bf9\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5206\u7c7b\u539f\u5219\u7684\u719f\u7a14\u7ed3\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u5417\uff1f\u201d\u5728\u300a\u7f57\u9a6c\u6cd5\u4e0e\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6559\u80b2\u300b\uff081856\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u6885\u56e0\u663e\u7136\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u5426\u5b9a\u7684\u56de\u7b54\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6885\u56e0\u5efa\u8bae\u5c06\u7f57\u9a6c\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u7ef4\u591a\u5229\u4e9a\u65f6\u671f\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4e3a\u82f1\u56fd\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4eba\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u539f\u5219\u6240\u9700\u7684\u63a8\u7406\u6a21\u5f0f\u548c\u4e13\u95e8\u672f\u8bed\u3002<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"\">\n<section>\n<section><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"\">\n<section>\n<section><img src=\"https:\/\/i04piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/435eac267f1ac50d\" \/><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"\">\n<section>\n<section>Henry James Sumner Maine by\u00a0Lowes Cato Dickinson<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"\">\n<section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section>\u6885\u56e0\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u5b9e\u8d28\u6027\u7684\u65b9\u9762\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u8428\u7ef4\u5c3c\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u65b9\u9762\u5374\u4e0e\u8428\u7ef4\u5c3c\u5206\u9053\u626c\u9573\u4e86\u3002\u8428\u7ef4\u5c3c\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6cd5\u5178\u7f16\u7e82\u53ea\u662f\u4e0d\u6210\u719f\u548c\u8870\u843d\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\uff0c\u603b\u662f\u51fa\u73b0\u4e8e\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u548c\u6e0a\u6e90\u6700\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5173\u5934\u3002\u5728\u6c11\u65cf\u7e41\u8363\u7684\u9f0e\u76db\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u5728\u5b83\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u79d1\u5b66\u6700\u5177\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u7684\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u5bf9\u6cd5\u5178\u5316\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u5e76\u672a\u88ab\u611f\u77e5\u5230\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u300a\u56fd\u6cd5\u5927\u5168\u300b\u662f\u8870\u9000\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\uff0c\u5b83\u8bd5\u56fe\u52aa\u529b\u6062\u590d\u548c\u590d\u5174\u53e4\u5178\u65f6\u4ee3\u5931\u843d\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u79d1\u5b66\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6885\u56e0\u5374\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6cd5\u5178\u7f16\u7e82\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u201c\u4eba\u7c7b\u52aa\u529b\u8ffd\u6c42\u7684\u6700\u5d07\u9ad8\u548c\u6700\u503c\u5f97\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6b63\u5982\u7f57\u9a6c\u6cd5\u53f2\u6240\u8868\u660e\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8fdb\u6b65\u4e5f\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8bf4\uff0c\u6885\u56e0\u572819\u4e16\u7eaa50\u5e74\u4ee3\u65f6\u8fd8\u8ba4\u4e3a\u82f1\u56fd\u6cd5\u5178\u5316\u7684\u524d\u666f\u662f\u6697\u6de1\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4ed6\u7684\u5370\u5ea6\u7ecf\u5386\u5219\u4f7f\u4ed6\u5bf9\u5370\u5ea6\u548c\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u6cd5\u5178\u5316\u524d\u666f\u5145\u6ee1\u4e86\u4fe1\u5fc3\u3002\u54c8\u91cc\u68ee\uff08Frederic Harrison\uff09\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u591f\u4ec5\u4ec5\u4f9d\u9760\u5411\u6d77\u5916\u6d3e\u9a7b\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6cd5\u5b98\u6216\u5f8b\u5e08\u201d\u8fdb\u884c\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u8bbe\u8ba1\u51fa\u4e00\u5957\u4f7f\u5f97\u90a3\u4e9b\u7f3a\u5931\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8bad\u7ec3\u7684\u5e1d\u56fd\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u6613\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7b80\u5316\u548c\u6574\u7406\u82f1\u56fd\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u5fc5\u7136\u9a71\u4f7f\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u6cd5\u5b66\u5bb6\u5c06\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u4e3a\u7cfb\u7edf\u5316\u548c\u6761\u7406\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6885\u56e0\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5c31\u5370\u5ea6\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u95ee\u9898\u4e0d\u5355\u5355\u662f\u534f\u8c03\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0e\u5f53\u524d\u793e\u4f1a\u8fdb\u6b65\u72b6\u6001\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5e1d\u56fd\u7edf\u6cbb\u5df2\u7ecf\u4ece\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u6253\u4e71\u4e86\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7f16\u7e82\u7684\u5370\u5ea6\u6cd5\u53ca\u5176\u4e60\u60ef\u6cd5\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u6f14\u8fdb\u3002\u5f53\u5730\u6cd5\u8981\u4e48\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u4e25\u683c\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u88ab\u9ad8\u7b49\u6cd5\u9662\u4efb\u610f\u5f15\u5165\u7684\u666e\u901a\u6cd5\u4fe1\u6761\u53d6\u800c\u4ee3\u4e4b\u3002<strong>\u5728\u6885\u56e0\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u666e\u901a\u6cd5\u4f53\u7cfb\u5c31\u5176\u81ea\u8eab\u800c\u8a00\u5df2\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u5f97\u4e0d\u53ef\u6551\u836f\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f7b\u5e95\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff1a\u201c\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u7597\u6cbb\u5728\u4e8e\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u3001\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u3001\u7f16\u6210\u6cd5\u5178\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u9881\u5e03\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6700\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u4ee5\u6700\u4f73\u7684\u6b27\u6d32\u6a21\u578b\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u201d\u3002<\/strong>\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u52aa\u529b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6885\u56e0\u786e\u4fe1\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\u80fd\u591f\u627f\u62c5\u6cd5\u5178\u5316\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u4e13\u5bb6\u56e2\u961f\uff08\u4e00\u4e2a\u7531\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u90a3\u6837\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5b66\u8005\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u56e2\u4f53\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u5c06\u6cd5\u5b66\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\u4e0e\u5370\u5ea6\u6cd5\u5f8b\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u5b9e\u8df5\u77e5\u8bc6\u5f88\u597d\u5730\u7ed3\u5408\u8d77\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section 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