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Keynes\uff09\u5f53\u65f6\u62c5\u4efb\u82f1\u56fd\u8d22\u653f\u90e8\u9996\u5e2d\u4ee3\u8868\uff0c\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5fb7\u56fd\u6700\u591a\u53ea\u80fd\u627f\u53d7100\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u8d54\u6b3e\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6b27\u6d32\u6709\u4e49\u52a1\u5e2e\u52a9\u5fb7\u56fd\u6062\u590d\u5de5\u4e1a\u751f\u4ea7\u3002\u4f46\u4ee5\u6cd5\u56fd\u4e3a\u9996\u7684\u534f\u7ea6\u56fd\u5374\u575a\u6301\u8981\u5fb7\u56fd\u8d54\u507f330\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5265\u593a\u5de5\u4e1a\u751f\u4ea7\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u8ba9\u51ef\u6069\u65af\u76ee\u77aa\u72d7\u5446\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8ba9\u5fb7\u56fd\u8d54\u94b1\u7684\u7406\u7531\u6709\u5f88\u591a\uff1a\u9664\u4e86\u5bf9\u666e\u9c81\u58eb\u519b\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u523b\u9aa8\u6068\u610f\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u6218\u80dc\u56fd\u7684\u503a\u52a1\u56f0\u5c40\u4e5f\u662f\u91cd\u8981\u539f\u56e0\uff1a\u82f1\u56fd\u3001\u6cd5\u56fd\u548c\u610f\u5927\u5229\u90fd\u6b20\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u5de8\u989d\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u503a\u52a1\uff0c\u800c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u4e0d\u613f\u610f\u505a\u51fa\u4efb\u4f55\u8ba9\u6b65\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u7f8e\u56fd\u603b\u7edf\u5361\u5c14\u6587\u00b7\u67ef\u7acb\u829d\uff08Calvin Coolidge\uff09\u6240\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u94b1\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u5411\u6211\u4eec\u501f\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u5417\uff1f\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u95f7\u58f0\u53d1\u5927\u8d22\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u662f\u4e00\u6218\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u8d62\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ece\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u5927\u7684\u503a\u52a1\u56fd\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u5927\u7684\u503a\u6743\u56fd\uff0c\u5e76\u53d6\u4ee3\u82f1\u56fd\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u4e16\u754c\u91d1\u878d\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u4ece\u51fa\u53e3\u8f6c\u5411\u4e86\u6d88\u8d39\u3002\u5f53\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u521b\u4f24\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6108\u5408\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u8dd1\u6b65\u8fdb\u5165\u4e86\u201c\u5486\u54ee\u7684\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u201d\uff08Roaring Twenties\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6c7d\u8f66\u5de5\u4e1a\u662f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7e41\u8363\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u9a71\u52a8\u529b\u30021914\u5e74\uff0c\u4ea8\u5229\u00b7\u798f\u7279\uff08Henry Ford\uff09\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u6761T\u578b\u8f66\u88c5\u914d\u7ebf\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u300a\u6211\u7684\u594b\u6597\u300b\u91cc\u88ab\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u8d5e\u626c\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\uff0c\u4ea8\u5229\u00b7\u798f\u7279\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u6301\u6709\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u53cd\u72b9\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u628a\u5de5\u4eba\u65e5\u85aa\u7ffb\u500d\u63d0\u9ad8\u52305\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u5e94\u8be5\u5148\u5bcc\u8d77\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u798f\u7279\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u5e26\u52a8\u4e0b\uff0c\u6c7d\u8f66\u4ece\u5962\u4f88\u54c1\u53d8\u6210\u5feb\u6d88\u54c1\u30021920\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u767b\u8bb0\u5728\u518c\u7684\u6c7d\u8f66\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86900\u4e07\u8f86\uff0c\u968f\u4e4b\u8bde\u751f\u7684\u8d27\u8fd0\u5361\u8f66\u548c\u62d6\u62c9\u673a\u4e5f\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u6570\u767e\u4e07\u4eba\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u548c\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u6c7d\u8f66\u7684\u8f85\u52a9\u6027\u884c\u4e1a\u5982\u71c3\u6cb9\u4e1a\u3001\u516c\u8def\u5efa\u9020\u3001\u94a2\u94c1\u4e1a\u548c\u6a61\u80f6\u4e1a\u4e5f\u6025\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u51b0\u7bb1\u3001\u6d17\u8863\u673a\u4e5f\u57281920\u5e74\u4ee3\u8fdb\u5165\u5343\u5bb6\u4e07\u6237\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"http:\/\/p1.itc.cn\/q_70\/images03\/20200614\/4634f968bd624a7e95f6eb203ead79f3.jpeg\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u25b2\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u8857\u666f\uff0c1920\u5e74\u4ee3<\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u7247\u5927\u597d\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5f62\u52bf\u8ba9\u67ef\u7acb\u829d\u603b\u7edf\u987a\u5229\u62ff\u4e0b\u4e861924\u5e74\u7684\u5927\u9009\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6709\u4eba\u8bbd\u523a\u8bf4\u67ef\u7acb\u829d\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u653f\u7b56\u662f\uff1a\u201c\u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u4e8b\u5c31\u662f\u505a\u4e70\u5356\u3002\u201d\u4f46\u7e41\u8363\u7684\u786e\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u5404\u79cd\u81ea\u4fe1\u548c\u7406\u76f4\u6c14\u58ee\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u76f8\u4fe1\u672a\u6765\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u4f1a\u829d\u9ebb\u5f00\u82b1\u8282\u8282\u9ad8\uff0c\u5e76\u628a\u8fd9\u79cd\u81ea\u4fe1\u5e26\u5230\u4e86\u80a1\u7968\u548c\u623f\u5730\u4ea7\u5e02\u573a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f5b\u7f57\u91cc\u8fbe\u5dde\u5b8c\u7f8e\u8be0\u91ca\u4e86\u697c\u5e02\u7684\u72c2\u70ed\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u8fc8\u963f\u5bc6\u67091\/4\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u90fd\u5728\u7092\u623f\u7092\u5730\u76ae\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u5bf8\u53ef\u4f9b\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u571f\u5730\u90fd\u5728\u75af\u6da8\uff0c\u8ddf90\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u6d77\u5357\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e00\u6a21\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u57281925\u5e74\u590f\u5b63\u7684\u67d0\u4e00\u5929\uff0c\u8fc8\u963f\u5bc6\u5f53\u5730\u7684\u300a\u6bcf\u65e5\u65b0\u95fb\u62a5\u300b\u520a\u767b\u4e86\u6574\u6574504\u9875\u7684\u623f\u5730\u4ea7\u5e7f\u544a\uff0c 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src=\"http:\/\/p6.itc.cn\/q_70\/images03\/20200614\/d7c5531af2aa477ea463d043d4f91475.jpeg\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u25b2\u91c7\u77ff\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u51fa\u8eab\u7684\u80e1\u4f5b\uff0c1928\u5e74<\/p>\n<p>\u5230\u4e861929\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5728\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e16\u754c\u5de5\u4e1a\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u6bd4\u91cd\u5df2\u8fbe48.5%\uff0c\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e86\u82f1\u3001\u6cd5\u3001\u5fb7\u7684\u603b\u548c\u3002\u6c7d\u8f66\u5728\u98de\u9a70\uff0c\u673a\u5668\u5728\u8f70\u9e23\uff0c\u6469\u5929\u5927\u697c\u6620\u886c\u7740\u8863\u7740\u65f6\u9ae6\u7684\u7ea2\u7537\u7eff\u5973\u3002\u7ecf\u6d4e\u84b8\u84b8\u65e5\u4e0a\uff0c\u80a1\u5e02\u8282\u8282\u9ad8\u5347\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u90fd\u89c9\u5f97\uff0c\u65e2\u7136\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u90fd\u6253\u5b8c\u4e86\uff0c\u672a\u6765\u8fd8\u4f1a\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u66f4\u7cdf\u7cd5\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>1929\u5e743\u6708\uff0c\u67ef\u7acb\u829d\u603b\u7edf\u5728\u5378\u4efb\u65f6\u7684\u6f14\u8bb2\u4e0a\u79f0\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u5df2\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86\u201c\u4eba\u7c7b\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7f55\u89c1\u7684\u5e78\u798f\u5883\u754c\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u8fdb\u5ea6\u6bd462%\u9ad8\u591a\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4e8c\u3001\u8427\u6761<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u8fd1\u6765\u7684\u80a1\u5e02\u4e0b\u632b\uff0c\u4e3a\u4eca\u5e74\u7b2c\u56db\u5b63\u5ea6\u7684\u5927\u725b\u5e02\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u575a\u5b9e\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u2014\u2014\u300a\u6ce2\u58eb\u987f\u65b0\u95fb\u62a5\u300b\u53d1\u81ea\u80a1\u5e02\u5d29\u76d8\u524d\u591c<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5927\u725b\u5e02\u57281929\u5e7410\u6708\u521d\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86\u8f89\u714c\u707f\u70c2\u7684\u9876\u70b9\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u4fbf\u5f00\u59cb\u51fa\u73b0\u5927\u5e45\u56de\u8c03\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u4eba\u4eec\u89c9\u5f97\u725b\u5e02\u591a\u66b4\u8dcc\uff0c\u5c5e\u4e8e\u201c\u6280\u672f\u6027\u8c03\u6574\u201c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7136\u800c\uff0c Montgomery-Ward\u516c\u53f8\u572810\u670824\u65e5\u62c9\u5f00\u4e86\u5d29\u76d8\u7684\u5e8f\u5e55\uff0c\u5f00\u76d8\u4ec5\u4e24\u5c0f\u65f6\u8fd9\u5bb6\u88ab\u8a89\u4e3a\u65f6\u4ee3\u5148\u9a71\u7684\u767e\u8d27\u516c\u53f8\u5c31\u4ece83\u7f8e\u5143\u8dcc\u5012\u4e8650\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u65e0\u7ebf\u7535\u516c\u53f8\u5219\u4ece68.75\u7f8e\u5143\u8dcc\u523044.5\u7f8e\u5143\u3002\u7d27\u8ddf\u7740\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u94a2\u94c1\u3001\u901a\u7528\u7535\u6c14\u7b49\u84dd\u7b79\u9646\u7eed\u5d29\u76d8\uff0c\u77ed\u77ed\u4e00\u4e0a\u5348\u5c31\u5410\u51fa\u4e86\u51e0\u4e2a\u6708\u79ef\u7d2f\u7684\u6da8\u5e45\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5348\u9910\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u534e\u5c14\u8857\u516d\u5bb6\u6700\u5927\u7684\u6295\u884c\u805a\u96c6\u5728J.P.Morgan\u7684\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\uff0c\u540c\u610f\u6bcf\u5bb6\u51fa\u8d444000\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\u6551\u5e02\u3002\u5c40\u9762\u4e00\u5ea6\u6709\u6240\u597d\u8f6c\uff0c\u4f46\u9a6c\u4e0a\u53c8\u6389\u5934\u5411\u4e0b\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u661f\u671f\u91cc\uff0c\u6050\u614c\u65e0\u9650\u8513\u5ef6\uff0c300\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u8d22\u5bcc\u4ece\u534e\u5c14\u8857\u6d88\u5931\uff0c\u8fde\u5e26\u53cd\u5e94\u662f\u7ecf\u7eaa\u4eba\u8d37\u6b3e\u7684\u5168\u76d8\u5d29\u6e83\uff0c30\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u8d37\u6b3e\u88ab\u6e05\u76d8[3]\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7e41\u8363\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u4e00\u5806\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5fc3\u7406\u72b6\u6001\u2014\u2014\u4f01\u4e1a\u4e0d\u5207\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u6269\u5f20\u5df2\u7ecf\u975e\u5e38\u4e25\u91cd\uff0c\u65e5\u76ca\u6269\u5927\u7684\u8d2b\u5bcc\u5dee\u8ddd\u4e5f\u88ab\u725b\u5e02\u6240\u63a9\u76d6\u4e86\u3002\u5927\u725b\u5e02\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u5546\u4e1a\u5468\u671f\u7684\u5dc5\u5cf0\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u601d\u60f3\u4e0e\u60c5\u611f\u5468\u671f\u7684\u9876\u5cf0\u3002\u65b0\u603b\u7edf\u80e1\u4f5b\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u627f\u8ba4\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u7e41\u8363\u8d70\u5230\u4e86\u5c3d\u5934\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6cb8\u817e\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\u5c31\u6b64\u7ec8\u7ed3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1929\u5e7411\u6708\uff0c\u80e1\u4f5b\u628a\u675c\u90a6\u3001\u798f\u7279\u3001\u7f8e\u5b5a\u77f3\u6cb9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5de5\u4e1a\u5de8\u5934\u53ec\u96c6\u5230\u767d\u5bab\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e0d\u505c\u5de5\u3001\u4e0d\u88c1\u5458\u3001\u4e0d\u964d\u85aa\u7684\u53f7\u53ec\u4ee5\u7a33\u4f4f\u5c31\u4e1a\uff0c\u7d27\u63a5\u7740\u53c8\u5411\u6240\u6709\u5dde\u957f\u53d1\u7535\u62a5\uff0c\u6566\u4fc3\u5404\u5dde\u57fa\u5efa\u9879\u76ee\u5c3d\u5feb\u4e0a\u9a6c\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e00\u8fb9\u964d\u4f4e\u8d34\u73b0\u5229\u7387\uff0c\u4e00\u8fb9\u5efa\u8bae\u6fd2\u4e34\u5012\u95ed\u7684\u94f6\u884c\u5411\u7f8e\u8054\u50a8\u7533\u8bf7\u8d34\u73b0\u8d37\u6b3e\uff0c\u523a\u6fc0\u4fe1\u8d37\u6269\u5f20\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u79cd\u79cd\u63aa\u65bd\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u80a1\u5e02\u57281930\u5e74\u521d\u5947\u8ff9\u822c\u5730\u51fa\u73b0\u56de\u5347\u3002\u9762\u5bf9\u590d\u82cf\u82d7\u5934\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u52b3\u5de5\u8054\u76df\u4e3b\u5e2dWilliam Green\u559c\u4e0d\u81ea\u80dc\uff0c\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u4ee5\u201c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u957f\u671f\u5411\u597d\u201c\u4e3a\u4e3b\u9898\u7684\u6f14\u8bb2\u3002\u90a3\u5e74\u590f\u5929\uff0c\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b97\u6559\u56e2\u4f53\u8981\u6c42\u80e1\u4f5b\u4e3a\u57fa\u5efa\u63d0\u4f9b\u652f\u6301\u65f6\uff0c\u603b\u7edf\u56de\u590d\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff0c\u201d\u4f60\u6765\u665a\u4e8660\u5929\uff0c\u8427\u6761\u5df2\u7ecf\u7ed3\u675f\u4e86[2]\u3002\u201c<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u5e78\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u80e1\u4f5b\u4e0d\u987e1028\u540d\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u8054\u540d\u53cd\u5bf9\uff0c\u57281930\u5e746\u6708\u6279\u51c6\u4e86<strong>\u300a\u65af\u7a46\u7279-\u970d\u5229\u5173\u7a0e\u6cd5\u6848\u300b(Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act)<\/strong>\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5c06\u7ecf\u6d4e\u63a8\u5411\u4e86\u6df1\u6e0a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e00\u611a\u8822\u7684\u6cd5\u6848\u7531\u4e24\u4f4d\u5171\u548c\u515a\u8bae\u5458Reed Smoot\u548cWillis C. Hawley\u63a8\u52a8\uff0c\u6253\u7740\u8d38\u6613\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u65d7\u53f7\uff0c\u5927\u5e45\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u519c\u4ea7\u54c1\u4e0e\u5de5\u4e1a\u54c1\u7684\u5173\u7a0e\uff0c\u5e76\u8fc5\u901f\u5f15\u6765\u4e86\u6b27\u6d32\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u53cd\u5236\u548c\u62a5\u590d\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u4f7f\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u8fdb\u53e3\u989d\u548c\u51fa\u53e3\u989d\u90fd\u9aa4\u964d50%\u4ee5\u4e0a\uff0c19\u4e16\u7eaa\u4ee5\u6765\u786e\u7acb\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u8d38\u6613\u4f53\u7cfb\u968f\u4e4b\u5d29\u6e83\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"http:\/\/p5.itc.cn\/q_70\/images03\/20200614\/18d7697eef384d9d8e6b54f8ce26f437.jpeg\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u25b2Smoot\u548cHawley\u5728\u5ba3\u4f20\u5173\u7a0e\u6cd5\u6848\uff0c1930\u5e74<\/p>\n<p>\u5371\u673a\u8513\u5ef6\u5230\u6b27\u6d32\uff0c\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u5f00\u59cb\u653e\u5f03\u81ea\u5e26\u901a\u7f29\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u91d1\u672c\u4f4d\uff0c\u4f46\u7f8e\u8054\u50a8\u5374\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u611a\u8822\u51b3\u7b56\u2014\u2014<strong>\u63d0\u9ad8\u5229\u7387\u3001\u51cf\u5c11\u8d27\u5e01\u4f9b\u7ed9\u3001\u7ef4\u62a4\u91d1\u672c\u4f4d<\/strong>\u3002\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6b63\u9762\u4e34\u901a\u8d27\u7d27\u7f29\u548c\u6d41\u52a8\u6027\u5371\u673a\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u65e0\u7591\u662f\u96ea\u4e0a\u52a0\u971c\u3002\u5230\u4e861931\u5e74\u5e74\u5e95\u5df2\u6709\u8fd13000\u5bb6\u94f6\u884c\u5012\u95ed\uff0c\u5931\u4e1a\u7387\u9ad8\u8fbe15.9%\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"http:\/\/p0.itc.cn\/q_70\/images03\/20200614\/b215c4f20108495c8506f5cd4c1e748b.jpeg\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u25b2\u6392\u961f\u9886\u514d\u8d39\u5348\u9910\u7684\u4eba\uff0c1931\u5e74<\/p>\n<p>\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8427\u6761\u5fc5\u7136\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u7a0e\u6536\u51cf\u5c11\uff0c\u8d64\u5b57\u6fc0\u589e\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\uff0c\u8ddd\u79bb\u51ef\u6069\u65af\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u7eb2\u9886\u6027\u6587\u4ef6\u300a\u8d27\u5e01\u3001\u5229\u606f\u548c\u5c31\u4e1a\u901a\u8bba\u300b\u51fa\u7248\u8fd8\u67095\u5e74\uff0c\u201c\u653f\u5e9c\u9700\u8981\u5e73\u8861\u9884\u7b97\u201d\u662f\u65e0\u53ef\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u5171\u8bc6\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5f53\u80e1\u4f5b\u8981\u6c42\u56fd\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u7a0e\u6536\u4ee5\u5e73\u8861\u8d22\u653f\u65f6\uff0c\u5171\u548c\u515a\u548c\u6c11\u4e3b\u515a\u7adf\u7136\u7f55\u89c1\u7684\u56e2\u7ed3\u4e00\u81f4\u8868\u793a\u652f\u6301\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u6700\u7ec8\u917f\u6210\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u5728\u8427\u6761\u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u660f\u62db\u2014\u2014\u300a1932\u5e74\u7a0e\u6536\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\u3002\u4e2a\u4eba\u6240\u5f97\u7a0e\u548c\u8425\u4e1a\u7a0e\u5927\u5e45\u63d0\u9ad8\uff0c\u5730\u4ea7\u9057\u4ea7\u7a0e\u76f4\u63a5\u6da8\u4e86\u4e00\u500d\uff0c\u5c31\u8fde\u6218\u65f6\u8d27\u7269\u7a0e\u4e5f\u91cd\u65b0\u5f00\u59cb\u5f81\u6536\uff0c\u8fd9\u65e0\u5f02\u4e8e\u5f80\u4f24\u53e3\u4e0a\u6492\u706b\u9505\u5e95\u6599\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\u5c31\u662f\u4e0d\u4f46\u8d64\u5b57\u6ca1\u62b9\u5e73\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e5f\u518d\u906d\u91cd\u521b\uff0c\u9053\u743c\u65af\u6307\u6570\u76f4\u63a5\u8dcc\u523041.22\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>41.22\u70b9\u53ea\u6bd4\u9053\u743c\u65af\u6307\u6570\u57281896\u5e74\u8bde\u751f\u65f6\u591a\u4e860.25\u70b9[5]\uff0c\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u4e24\u5e74\u540e\u4e0a\u4efb\u7f8e\u56fd\u8bc1\u76d1\u4f1a\u4e3b\u5e2d\u7684\u8001\u80af\u5c3c\u8fea\uff0c\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u558a\u8fc7\u201c\u84dd\u7b79\u80a1\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u7f55\u89c1\u7684\u6295\u8d44\u4ef7\u503c\u201d\u8fd9\u79cd\u91d1\u53e5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u63a5\u4e8c\u8fde\u4e09\u7684\u9a9a\u64cd\u4f5c\u8ba9\u80e1\u4f5b\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u751f\u6daf\u8d70\u5230\u4e86\u5c3d\u5934\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e5f\u6b65\u5165\u4e86\u5d29\u6e83\u7684\u8fb9\u7f18\uff1a\u77ed\u671f\u56fd\u503a\u5229\u7387\u5c45\u7136\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u8d1f\u503c\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5927\u91cf\u6295\u8d44\u8005\u90fd\u60f3\u628a\u94b1\u6295\u5230\u6709\u56fd\u5bb6\u4fe1\u8a89\u4fdd\u8bc1\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u2014\u2014\u54ea\u6015\u6536\u76ca\u662f\u8d1f\u7684\u3002\u7d27\u63a5\u7740\uff0c1932\u5e7411\u6708\uff0c\u7f57\u65af\u798f\u4ee5\u538b\u5012\u6027\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u51fb\u8d25\u80e1\u4f5b\u6210\u4e3a\u65b0\u603b\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6446\u5728\u65b0\u603b\u7edf\u9762\u524d\u7684\u662f\u4e2a\u70c2\u644a\u5b50\uff1a\u5371\u673a\u770b\u4e0d\u5230\u5c3d\u5934\uff0c\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0e\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u4e3b\u4e49\u793e\u56e2\u76db\u884c\uff0c\u4e0a\u5c42\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u4e5f\u7eb7\u7eb7\u8d70\u516c\u77e5\u8def\u7ebf\uff0c\u8fde\u300a\u4e86\u4e0d\u8d77\u7684\u76d6\u8328\u6bd4\u300b\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u65af\u79d1\u7279\u00b7\u83f2\u8328\u6770\u62c9\u5fb7\uff08Scott Fitzgerald\uff09\u90fd\u5728\u8bfb\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u65e5\u8bb0\u91cc\u5199\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5fc5\u987b\u52a0\u5165\u5171\u4ea7\u515a[1]\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u867d\u7136\u8981\u8b66\u60d5\u5de6\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u8fd8\u662f\u5f97\u9632\u6b62\u53f3\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u4e00\u4f4d\u7ebd\u7ea6\u5dde\u7684\u4f17\u8bae\u5458\u5199\u4fe1\u7ed9\u5373\u5c06\u4e0a\u4efb\u7684\u7f57\u65af\u798f\uff0c\u79f0\u5171\u548c\u515a\u5458\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u51c6\u5907\u597d\u201c\u8d4b\u4e88\u4f60\u4e00\u5207\u9700\u8981\u7684\u6743\u529b\u201d\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u4f4d\u5171\u548c\u515a\u53c2\u8bae\u5458\u6234\u7ef4\u00b7\u91cc\u5fb7\u7684\u8bdd\u5219\u76f4\u767d\u7684\u591a\uff1a\u201c\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u8e29\u8005\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u662f\u73b0\u5728[1]\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"http:\/\/p9.itc.cn\/q_70\/images03\/20200614\/18f5c77959c3475b88434e480abf1d98.jpeg\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u25b2\u7f57\u65af\u798f\u5ba3\u8a93\u5c31\u804c\uff0c1933\u5e74<\/p>\n<p>1933\u5e743\u67084\u65e5\uff0c\u88ab\u5bc4\u4e88\u539a\u671b\u7684\u7f57\u65af\u798f\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u8457\u540d\u7684\u201c\u552f\u4e00\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u6050\u60e7\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6050\u60e7\u672c\u8eab\u201d\u7684\u5c31\u804c\u6f14\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e0a\u767e\u4e07\u7f8e\u56fd\u6c11\u4f17\u901a\u8fc7\u6536\u97f3\u673a\u542c\u5b8c\u4e86\u8fd9\u573a\u632f\u594b\u4eba\u5fc3\u7684\u6f14\u8bb2\uff0c\u767d\u5bab\u5728\u6f14\u8bb2\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u5468\u6536\u5230\u4e8645\u4e07\u5c01\u6765\u4fe1\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u5904\u7406\u90ae\u4ef6\uff0c\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u7d27\u6025\u62db\u8058\u4e8670\u540d\u4e66\u8bb0\u5458[2]\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u540c\u4e00\u5929\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u94f6\u884c\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u80a1\u7968\u4ea4\u6613\u6240\u76f8\u7ee7\u5173\u95e8\u505c\u4e1a\uff0c\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5fc3\u810f\u505c\u6b62\u4e86\u8df3\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4e09\u3001\u65b0\u653f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u67d0\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u2014\u2014\u5a01\u5ec9\u00b7\u683c\u6797\u8bc4\u4ef7\u7f57\u65af\u798f\u7684\u653f\u7b56<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u7f57\u65af\u798f\u7684\u9996\u8981\u4efb\u52a1\u662f\u5904\u7406\u5343\u75ae\u767e\u5b54\u7684\u91d1\u878d\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u9762\u524d\u6709\u4e24\u5ea7\u5927\u5c71\uff1a\u5bf9\u91d1\u878d\u4e00\u7a8d\u4e0d\u901a\u5e95\u5c42\u6c11\u4f17\uff0c\u548c\u5bf9\u91d1\u878d\u4e86\u5982\u6307\u638c\u7684\u534e\u5c14\u8857\u3002<\/p>\n<p>3\u670812\u65e5\uff0c\u7f57\u65af\u798f\u5728\u767d\u5bab\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e8c\u573a\u9762\u5411\u5168\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u8bb2\u8bdd\uff0c\u54e5\u4f26\u6bd4\u4e9a\u5e7f\u64ad\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u529e\u4e8b\u5904\u7ecf\u7406\u628a\u5b83\u79f0\u4f5c\u201c\u7089\u8fb9\u8c08\u8bdd\u201d\u3002\u7f57\u8001\u5e08\u7528\u548c\u90bb\u5c45\u804a\u5929\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u968f\u6027\u8bed\u6c14\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u670b\u53cb\u4eec\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u9648\u8ff0\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u94f6\u884c\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u628a\u5927\u5bb6\u5b58\u7684\u94b1\u653e\u5728\u4fdd\u9669\u67dc\u91cc\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u62ff\u6765\u6295\u8d44\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e00\u5207\u8fd0\u8f6c\u8d77\u6765\u2026\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u7f57\u65af\u798f\u8fd9\u79cd\u5bcc\u6709\u4eb2\u548c\u529b\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\uff0c\u8ba9\u4e2d\u4e0b\u9636\u5c42\u6709\u79cd\u201c\u5929\u4eae\u4e86\u201d\u7684\u611f\u89c9\uff0c\u4e5f\u8ba9\u762b\u75ea\u7684\u94f6\u884c\u7cfb\u7edf\u91cd\u65b0\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u4e86\u4fe1\u7528\uff0c\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u8d27\u5e01\u548c\u9ec4\u91d1\u5f00\u59cb\u56de\u6d41\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u91cd\u65b0\u8fd0\u8f6c\u4e86\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u9762\u5bf9\u6b64\u60c5\u6b64\u666f\uff0c\u5723\u83ab\u5c3c\u5361\u5e02\u957f\u66fe\u7528\u54ed\u7b11\u4e0d\u5f97\u7684\u8bed\u6c14\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u5c31\u7b97\u7f57\u65af\u798f\u628a\u56fd\u4f1a\u5927\u697c\u70e7\u4e86\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5927\u58f0\u6b22\u547c[1]\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5f53\u77db\u5934\u5bf9\u51c6\u534e\u5c14\u8857\u7684\u91d1\u878d\u6743\u529b\u65f6\uff0c\u7f57\u8001\u5e08\u5c31\u6ca1\u8fd9\u4e48\u53cb\u5584\u4e86\u3002\u542c\u547d\u4e8e\u534e\u76db\u987f\u7684\u8c03\u67e5\u4e3b\u7ba1\u96c6\u4e2d\u653b\u51fb\u6469\u6839\u8d22\u56e2\u638c\u8235\u8005\u6770\u514b\u00b7\u6469\u6839(J.P.Morgan, Jr.)\u7684\u9003\u7a0e\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u6709\u610f\u8ba9\u534e\u5c14\u8857\u4e11\u6001\u767e\u51fa\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4e3a\u540e\u9762\u7684\u6539\u9769\u5efa\u7acb\u6c11\u610f\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u5728\u6743\u529b\u9762\u524d\uff0c\u534e\u5c14\u8857\u4e5f\u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u591c\u58f6\u7684\u547d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u968f\u540e\uff0c\u7f57\u65af\u798f\u5e9f\u9664\u4e86\u91d1\u672c\u4f4d\uff0c\u7ea0\u6b63\u4e86\u7f8e\u8054\u50a8\u72af\u4e0b\u7684\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u63a5\u7740\u9881\u5e03\u4e86\u300a\u683c\u62c9\u65af-\u65af\u8482\u683c\u5c14\u6cd5\u300b\uff0c\u4e25\u683c\u9650\u5236\u91d1\u878d\u673a\u6784\u540c\u65f6\u4ece\u4e8b\u5546\u4e1a\u94f6\u884c\u548c\u6295\u8d44\u94f6\u884c\u4e1a\u52a1\uff0c\u8fd9\u51e0\u4e4e\u662f\u6700\u7cbe\u51c6\u7684\u72d9\u51fb\uff0c\u534e\u5c14\u8857\u8d22\u56e2\u7684\u878d\u8d44\u4e0e\u517c\u5e76\u88ab\u5927\u53d7\u9650\u5236\u3002\u8457\u540d\u7684\u6469\u6839\u516c\u53f8\u5c31\u88ab\u4e00\u62c6\u4e3a\u4e8c\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u5927\u6469\u548c\u5c0f\u6469\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u7d27\u8ddf\u7740\u4fbf\u70ae\u6253\u7ebd\u4ea4\u6240\uff0c\u300a\u8054\u90a6\u8bc1\u5238\u6cd5\u300b\u63a8\u52a8\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u8bc1\u76d1\u4f1a\uff08Securities and Exchange Commission\uff09\u7684\u6210\u7acb\uff0c<\/strong>\u5c06\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u79c1\u7acb\u673a\u6784\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u6240\u7eb3\u5165\u4e86\u76d1\u7ba1\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u8001\u7ea6\u745f\u592b\u00b7\u80af\u5c3c\u8fea\uff08Joseph Kennedy, 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src=\"http:\/\/p8.itc.cn\/q_70\/images03\/20200614\/6e9c61e92bc14c8aaf6df5a93b1a0365.jpeg\" 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src=\"http:\/\/p6.itc.cn\/q_70\/images03\/20200614\/967ff9ebd3a84902851f215cbcdb1e97.jpeg\" 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