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\u5df4\u752b\u5217\u514b\u5144\u5f1f\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7684\u4e8b\u521a\u521a\u7531\u5f53\u5730\u62a5\u7eb8\u62a5\u9053\uff0c\u5c31\u7acb\u5373\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u653f\u6cbb\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u591a\u5c3c\u62c9\u8bf4\u662f\u4ed6\u7237\u7237\u8c22\u5c14\u76d6\u5e72\u7684\uff0c\u5df4\u752b\u5217\u514b\u7684\u6bcd\u4eb2\u548c\u8868\u5144\u4f0a\u4e07\u00b7\u666e\u7279\u5207\u514b(Ivan Potupchik)\u4e5f\u8fd9\u4e48\u8bf4\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u83ab\u7f57\u4f50\u592b\u5bb6\u6709\u4e94\u53e3\u4eba\u88ab\u5b9a\u4e3a\u201c\u5bcc\u519c\u5bb6\u65cf\u201d\uff0c\u4e8e1932\u5e7411\u6708\u53d7\u5ba1\u3002\u5df4\u752b\u5217\u514b\u7684\u53d4\u53d4\u548c\u6559\u7236\u88ab\u5b9a\u4e3a\u7b56\u5212\u8005\uff0c\u5802\u5144\u591a\u5c3c\u62c9\u548c\u7237\u7237\u88ab\u5b9a\u4e3a\u76f4\u63a5\u51f6\u624b\uff0c\u5976\u5976\u88ab\u5b9a\u4e3a\u5c06\u5df4\u752b\u5217\u514b\u5144\u5f1f\u8bf1\u5165\u6811\u6797\u7684\u534f\u4ece\u7f6a\u72af\u3002\u5ba1\u5224\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u8d77\u8bc9\u5b98\u5f15\u7528\u4e86\u65af\u5927\u6797\u5173\u4e8e\u5728\u5168\u56fd\u5f3a\u5316\u9636\u7ea7\u6597\u4e89\u7684\u8bb2\u8bdd\uff0c\u51f8\u73b0\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6027\u8d28\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u5df4\u752b\u5217\u514b\u7684\u53d4\u53d4\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5176\u4f59\u56db\u540d\u4eba\u72af\u90fd\u88ab\u5224\u5904\u6b7b\u5211\uff0c\u7531\u884c\u5211\u961f\u67aa\u51b3\u3002\u5df4\u752b\u5217\u514b\u7684\u8868\u5144\u4f0a\u4e07\u539f\u672c\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u79ef\u6781\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e2d\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u8272\uff0c\u52a0\u5165\u4e86\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u5df4\u752b\u5217\u514b\u7684\u4e8b\u8ff9\u5ba3\u4f20\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u6574\u6574\u4e00\u4ee3\u82cf\u8054\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u610f\u8bc6\uff0c\u7531\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u5229\u76ca\u9ad8\u4e8e\u53d8\u5f97\u9ad8\u4e8e\u4e00\u5207\u5bb6\u4eba\u670b\u53cb\u95f4\u7684\u4eb2\u60c5\u548c\u4fe1\u4efb\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u80cc\u53db\u548c\u51fa\u5356\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0d\u4f46\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u7f9e\u803b\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u66f4\u6210\u4e3a\u516c\u5171\u7cbe\u795e\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u5148\u8fdb\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u3002\u5fe0\u8bda\u548c\u4fe1\u4efb\u539f\u672c\u662f\u4ee5\u6d3b\u751f\u751f\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e3a\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u88ab\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u3001\u4eba\u6c11\u3001\u515a\u3001\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u6240\u4ee3\u66ff\u3002\u5207\u65ad\u4e86\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e0e\u4e2a\u4eba\u95f4\u4fe1\u4efb\u548c\u4eb2\u60c5\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u53d8\u5f97\u524d\u6240\u672a\u6709\u5730\u5b64\u72ec\uff0c\u524d\u6240\u672a\u6709\u5730\u4f9d\u604b\u548c\u96b6\u5c5e\u4e8e\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\uff0c\u5bb3\u6015\u88ab\u8fd9\u4e2a\u96c6\u4f53\u629b\u5f03\uff0c\u5bb3\u6015\u88ab\u5b83\u6392\u65a5\u4e3a\u5f02\u5df1\u6216\u654c\u4eba\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u60f6\u6050\u548c\u4e0d\u5b89\u53c8\u4f7f\u8bb8\u591a\u4e2a\u4eba\u66f4\u52a0\u4e0d\u62e9\u624b\u6bb5\u5730\u5212\u6e05\u4e00\u5207\u201c\u574f\u201d\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e89\u53d6\u201c\u8fdb\u6b65\u201d\u6765\u8868\u73b0\u5bf9\u96c6\u4f53\u7684\u5fe0\u8bda\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u5f53\u65f6\uff0c\u5230\u5e95\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u82cf\u8054\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u771f\u7684\u63ed\u53d1\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7236\u6bcd\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u5f97\u800c\u77e5\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u82cf\u8054\u62a5\u7eb8\u520a\u767b\u7684\u6750\u6599\u5374\u662f\u4e0d\u65ad\u7ed9\u4eba\u4ee5\u5df4\u752b\u5217\u514b\u5f0f\u5c11\u5e74\u82f1\u96c4\u8f88\u51fa\u7684\u5370\u8c61\u3002<\/strong>\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u53eb\u7d22\u7f57\u91d1(Sorokin)\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u63ed\u53d1\u4ed6\u7236\u4eb2\u5077\u96c6\u4f53\u519c\u5e84\u7684\u7cae\u98df\uff0c\u8b66\u5bdf\u902e\u6355\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u7236\u4eb2\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u540d\u53eb\u897f\u5c14\u6c83\u5bdf\u00b7\u6cd5\u8482\u8036\u592b(Seryozha Fadeyev)\u7684\u5b66\u7ae5\u5411\u73ed\u4e3b\u4efb\u62a5\u544a\uff0c\u8bf4\u4ed6\u7236\u4eb2\u79c1\u85cf\u4e86\u9a6c\u94c3\u85af\u300213\u5c81\u7684\u666e\u7f57\u5c3c\u4e9a\u00b7\u8003\u91cc\u5bbe(Pronia Kolibin)\u544a\u53d1\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6bcd\u4eb2\u5728\u96c6\u4f53\u519c\u5e84\u7684\u5730\u91cc\u5077\u7cae\u98df\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u6bcd\u4eb2\u88ab\u9001\u8fdb\u4e86\u52b3\u6539\u8425\uff0c\u800c\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u5219\u56e0\u4e3a\u63ed\u53d1\u6709\u529f\uff0c\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u53bb\u514b\u91cc\u7c73\u4e9a\u8457\u540d\u7684\u5c11\u5e74\u5148\u950b\u961f\u5ea6\u5047\u8425\u5ea6\u5047\u7684\u5956\u8d4f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5c11\u5e74\u5148\u950b\u961f\u53f7\u53ec\u513f\u7ae5\u4eec\u5b66\u4e60\u5df4\u752b\u5217\u514b\u544a\u53d1\u7236\u6bcd\u7684\u201c\u4e0d\u6cd5\u201d\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5c11\u5148\u961f\u57fa\u5c42\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6d3e\u961f\u5458\u5230\u96c6\u4f53\u519c\u5e84\u76d1\u89c6\u519c\u6c11\u662f\u5426\u5077\u76d7\u7cae\u98df\u3002\u300a\u5c11\u5148\u961f\u771f\u7406\u62a5\u300b\u5b9a\u671f\u520a\u767b\u63ed\u53d1\u6709\u529f\u8005\u7684\u540d\u5355\uff0c\u8868\u5f70\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4e8b\u8ff9\u3002\u201c\u5b66\u4e60\u5df4\u752b\u5217\u514b\u201d\u6380\u8d77\u4e86\u70ed\u6f6e\uff0c\u5c11\u5148\u961f\u53f7\u53ec\u961f\u5458\u4e0d\u4ec5\u8981\u63ed\u53d1\u7236\u6bcd\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u8981\u63ed\u53d1\u4eb2\u621a\u3002\u6709\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u751a\u81f3\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u4e0d\u63ed\u53d1\u7684\u961f\u5458\u662f\u7f3a\u4e4f\u89c9\u609f\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u961f\u5458\u5e94\u8be5\u63ed\u53d1\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u961f\u5458\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u6c14\u6c1b\u4e0b\uff0c\u5bb6\u957f\u751a\u81f3\u90fd\u4e0d\u6562\u5728\u5b69\u5b50\u9762\u524d\u8bf4\u8bdd\u3002\u6709\u4e00\u4f4d\u533b\u751f\u56de\u5fc6\u9053\uff0c\u201c\u6211\u4ece\u6765\u4e0d\u5728\u5b69\u5b50\u9762\u524d\u63d0\u5230\u65af\u5927\u6797\u3002\u51fa\u4e86\u5df4\u752b\u5217\u514b\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u540e\uff0c\u8c01\u90fd\u751f\u6015\u7a0d\u5fae\u6709\u4e00\u70b9\u51fa\u8a00\u4e0d\u614e\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u513f\u5b50\u9762\u524d\u4e5f\u4e0d\u884c\u3002\u4e07\u4e00\u4ed6\u4e00\u4e0d\u5c0f\u5fc3\u5728\u5b66\u6821\u8bf4\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u8f85\u5bfc\u5458\u5c31\u4f1a\u62a5\u544a\u4e0a\u53bb\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f1a\u95ee\u5b69\u5b50\uff0c\u2018\u4f60\u662f\u54ea\u91cc\u542c\u5230\u7684?\u2019\u5b69\u5b50\u4f1a\u8bf4\uff0c\u2018\u7238\u7238\u8bf4\u7684\u3002\u2019\u4f60\u4e00\u4e0b\u5b50\u5c31\u5012\u9709\u4e86\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

\u4e9a\u5386\u514b\u5c71\u5fb7\u00b7\u9a6c\u5229\u5b89(Alexandr Marian)\u7684\u7236\u4eb2\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u5012\u4e86\u9709\u7684\u3002\u4e9a\u5386\u514b\u5c71\u5fb7\u662f\u4ed6\u6751\u5b50\u91cc\u7684\u5171\u9752\u56e2\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u30021932\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed617\u5c81\u90a3\u5e74\u63ed\u53d1\u4ed6\u7236\u4eb2\u53cd\u5bf9\u5408\u4f5c\u5316\u3002\u4e9a\u5386\u514b\u5c71\u5fb7\u57281931\u5e746\u67088\u65e5\u7684\u65e5\u8bb0\u4e2d\u79f0\u201c\u5bcc\u519c\u201d\u662f\u201c\u82cf\u8054\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u6700\u5927\u4e00\u4e2a\u5265\u524a\u9636\u7ea7\u3002\u201d1932\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed617\u5c81\u90a3\u5e74\u63ed\u53d1\u4ed6\u7236\u4eb2\u53cd\u5bf9\u5408\u4f5c\u5316\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u4ed6\u7684\u63ed\u53d1\uff0c\u4ed6\u7236\u4eb2\u88ab\u902e\u6355\u5e76\u88ab\u9001\u53bb\u52b3\u6539\u30021933\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u5219\u65e5\u8bb0\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e9a\u5386\u514b\u5c71\u5fb7\u8bb0\u8f7d\u4e86\u4e00\u6bb5\u4e0e\u5171\u9752\u56e2\u4e00\u4f4d\u540c\u5fd7\u7684\u4ea4\u8c08\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f4d\u540c\u5fd7\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e9a\u5386\u514b\u5c71\u5fb7\u7684\u7236\u4eb2\u6709\u201c\u53cd\u52a8\u89c2\u70b9\u201d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u5e94\u518d\u62c5\u4efb\u5171\u9752\u56e2\u9886\u5bfc\u3002\u4e9a\u5386\u514b\u5c71\u5fb7\u5c31\u6b64\u5728\u65e5\u8bb0\u4e2d\u5199\u9053\uff0c\u201c\u6211\u5411\u8fd9\u4f4d\u540c\u5fd7\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u902e\u6355\u6211\u7236\u4eb2\u662f\u6211\u81ea\u5df1\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u53cd\u82cf\u7acb\u573a\u4e0e\u4ed6[\u4e00\u6b21\u5927\u6218\u65f6]\u5728\u5965\u5730\u5229\u5f53\u4fd8\u864f\u7684\u7ecf\u5386\u6709\u5173\u3002\u2026\u2026\u4ed6\u540e\u6765\u559c\u6b22\u5965\u5730\u5229\u7684\u79e9\u5e8f\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4ed6\u5728\u5965\u5730\u5229\u89c1\u5230\u7684\u90a3\u79cd\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u5c0f\u519c[\u7ecf\u6d4e]\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e26\u6765\u519c\u4e1a\u8d22\u5bcc\u3002\u2026\u2026\u4ed6\u628a\u96c6\u4f53\u5316\u521d\u671f\u7684\u7f3a\u70b9\u770b\u6210\u662f\u6df7\u4e71\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6682\u65f6\u7684\u632b\u6298\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u80fd\u61c2\u5f97\u8fa9\u8bc1\u6cd5\uff0c\u6709\u653f\u6cbb\u89c9\u609f\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u8ba4\u8bc6\u9519\u8bef\u548c\u6539\u6b63\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u4ee5\u201c\u65ad\u7edd\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u63ed\u53d1\u6765\u8868\u793a\u8fdb\u6b65\u3002\u5728\u4eb2\u4eba\u5bb6\u5c5e\u201c\u51fa\u4e86\u95ee\u9898\u201d\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u201c\u654c\u4eba\u201d\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u81ea\u7136\u4f1a\u611f\u89c9\u5230\u5404\u79cd\u538b\u529b\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u4f1a\u88ab\u5c11\u5148\u961f\u6216\u5171\u9752\u56e2\u5f00\u9664\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u8fdb\u4e0d\u4e86\u5927\u5b66\uff0c\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/strong>1938\u5e74\uff0c\u5217\u592b\u00b7\u6cfd\u5c14\u83ab\u8bfa\u592b\u65af\u57fa(Lev Tselmerovsky)18\u5c81\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u7236\u4eb2\uff0c\u4e00\u4f4d\u82cf\u519b\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\uff0c\u5728\u5217\u5b81\u683c\u52d2\u88ab\u902e\u6355\u3002\u5217\u592b\u662f\u5171\u9752\u56e2\u5458\uff0c\u6b63\u5728\u63a5\u53d7\u98de\u884c\u5458\u8bad\u7ec3\u3002\u4ed6\u4e00\u5fc3\u60f3\u53c2\u52a0\u7ea2\u519b\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u7236\u4eb2\u88ab\u6355\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u88ab\u5b9a\u4e3a\u201c\u5f02\u7c7b\u5206\u5b50\u201d\uff0c\u5e76\u88ab\u6d41\u653e\u4e86\uff0c\u6210\u4e86\u5de5\u5382\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\u30021938\u5e749\u6708\uff0c\u5217\u592b\u7ed9\u82cf\u8054\u4e3b\u5e2d\u52a0\u91cc\u5b81\u5199\u4fe1\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u4e0e\u7236\u4eb2\u5212\u6e05\u754c\u7ebf\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u7533\u8fa9\u3002\u4ed6\u5199\u9053\uff0c\u201c\u5173\u4e8e\u6211\u7236\u4eb2\uff0c\u6211\u7a0d\u5fae\u8bf4\u51e0\u53e5\u3002\u636e\u6211\u6bcd\u4eb2\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u8868\u793a\u4e0d\u6ee1\u800c\u88ab\u9001\u5230\u5317\u65b9\u52b3\u6539\u8425\u53bb\u7684\u3002\u6211\u672c\u4eba\u4e0d\u76f8\u4fe1\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u542c\u7236\u4eb2\u5bf9\u4ed6\u7684\u59b9\u59b9\u8c08\u8d77\u8fc7\u4ed6\u5728\u5317\u65b9\u4e0e\u767d\u519b\u4f5c\u6218\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u4ed6\u8ddf\u6211\u4eec\u8bb2\u4ed6\u7684\u5149\u8363\u7ecf\u5386\u3002\u5f53\u57fa\u6d1b\u592b\u88ab\u6697\u6740\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u90fd\u54ed\u4e86\u3002\u2026\u2026\u4f46\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4ed6\u7684\u4f2a\u88c5\u3002\u2026\u2026\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6211\u7236\u4eb2\u5e94\u8be5\u4e3a\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u8d1f\u8d23\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u56e0\u4ed6\u7684\u7f18\u6545\u8499\u53d7\u803b\u8fb1\u3002\u6211\u8981\u53c2\u52a0\u7ea2\u519b\uff0c\u6211\u8981\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u62e5\u6709\u5e73\u7b49\u6743\u5229\u7684\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u516c\u6c11\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u914d\u5f97\u4e0a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u79f0\u547c\u3002\u6211\u5728\u82cf\u8054\u5b66\u6821\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u662f\u82cf\u8054\u7cbe\u795e\u7684\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u6211\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u663e\u7136\u4e0e\u6211\u7236\u4eb2\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u6211\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u88ab\u5b9a\u4e3a\u5f02\u7c7b\u5206\u5b50\u611f\u5230\u5f88\u4f24\u5fc3\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

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\u63ed\u53d1\u5bb6\u4eba\uff0c\u65ad\u7edd\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u6362\u53d6\u8363\u8a89\u3001\u4fe1\u4efb\u548c\u5149\u660e\u7684\u672a\u6765\uff0c\u5df4\u752b\u5217\u514b\u5f0f\u7684\u201c\u5927\u4e49\u706d\u4eb2\u201d\u6210\u4e3a\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u65b0\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u4e5f\u6210\u4e3a\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u4eba\u7684\u65b0\u7cbe\u795e\u3002\u5728\u90a3\u4e9b\u63ed\u53d1\u8005\u5fc3\u91cc\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u529f\u5229\u7684\u8003\u91cf\u548c\u751f\u6015\u88ab\u8fde\u7d2f\u7684\u6050\u60e7\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e0d\u8bf4\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u7f9e\u803b\u611f\u548c\u8363\u8a89\u5fc3\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ee5\u201c\u574f\u86cb\u201d\u7236\u6bcd\u4e3a\u803b\uff0c\u4ee5\u52aa\u529b\u4e89\u53d6\u201c\u8fdb\u6b65\u201d\u4e3a\u8363;\u4ee5\u65e7\u5bb6\u5ead\u4e3a\u803b\uff0c\u4ee5\u65b0\u96c6\u4f53\u4e3a\u8363\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n

1937\u5e74\uff0c\u5b89\u5a1c\u00b7\u514b\u91cc\u592b\u79d1(Anna Krivko)17\u5c81\uff0c\u5979\u7684\u7236\u4eb2\u548c\u53d4\u53d4\u90fd\u662f\u5361\u8003\u592b(Kharkov)\u5e02\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\uff0c\u7236\u4eb2\u548c\u53d4\u53d4\u88ab\u902e\u6355\u540e\uff0c\u5b89\u5a1c\u88ab\u5361\u8003\u592b\u5927\u5b66\u548c\u5171\u9752\u56e2\u5f00\u9664\uff0c\u5b9a\u4e3a\u201c\u5f02\u5df1\u5206\u5b50\u201d\u3002\u5979\u5230\u5904\u627e\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u517b\u6d3b\u6bcd\u4eb2\u3001\u7956\u6bcd\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fd8\u662f\u5a74\u513f\u7684\u59b9\u59b9\u3002\u5979\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u517b\u732a\u573a\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u6709\u4eba\u8bf4\u51fa\u5979\u7236\u4eb2\u88ab\u6355\u7684\u4e8b\uff0c\u5979\u4e22\u4e86\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u5979\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u5de5\u4f5c\u30021938\u5e741\u6708\uff0c\u5b89\u5a1c\u5199\u4fe1\u7ed9\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u4ee3\u8868\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u5c40\u59d4\u5458\u90b1\u5df4(Vlas Chubar)\u3002\u5979\u8868\u793a\u4e0e\u7236\u4eb2\u65ad\u7edd\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u592e\u6c42\u90b1\u5df4\u5e2e\u52a9\u5979\u5bb6\u3002\u5979\u8bf4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5979\u4e0d\u80fd\u5728\u82cf\u8054\u8fc7\u4e0a\u597d\u65e5\u5b50\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u4e0d\u5982\u5e26\u7740\u5e7c\u59b9\u4e00\u8d77\u53bb\u6b7b\u3002\u5979\u8868\u793a\u81ea\u5df1\u7edd\u5bf9\u662f\u5fe0\u8bda\u4e8e\u65af\u5927\u6797\u540c\u5fd7\uff0c\u75db\u6068\u5979\u90a3\u4e2a\u628a\u707e\u7978\u5e26\u7ed9\u5bb6\u5ead\u7684\u7236\u4eb2\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u6211\u7236\u4eb2\u548c\u4ed6\u5f1f\u5f1f\u72af\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\u7f6a\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u4ed6\u4eec\u88ab\u5224\u4e86\u51e0\u5e74\u5211\u3002\u6211\u611f\u5230\u7f9e\u803b\uff0c\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u60f3\u77e5\u9053\u3002\u6211\u6df1\u4fe1\u4e0d\u7591\uff0c\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u6cd5\u5ead\u662f\u6b63\u4e49\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u4eec\u88ab\u5224\u5211\uff0c\u90a3\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u7f6a\u6709\u5e94\u5f97\u3002\u6211\u5bf9\u7236\u4eb2\u5b8c\u5168\u6ca1\u6709\u5973\u513f\u7684\u611f\u60c5\u3002\u6211\u611f\u5230\u7684\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u82cf\u8054\u516c\u6c11\u5bf9\u7956\u56fd\u3001\u5bf9\u6559\u80b2\u6211\u7684\u5171\u9752\u56e2\u548c\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u7684\u4e49\u52a1\u3002\u6211\u5168\u5fc3\u5168\u610f\u652f\u6301\u6cd5\u5ead\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u548c1\u4ebf7\u5343\u4e07\u65e0\u4ea7\u8005\u7684\u58f0\u97f3\uff0c\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5224\u51b3\u611f\u5230\u6b22\u6b23\u9f13\u821e\u3002\u6211\u7236\u4eb2\u81ea\u5df1\u5766\u767d\uff0c1919\u5e74\u4ed6\u88ab\u5f81\u53ec\u5230\u9093\u5c3c\u91d1\u7684\u961f\u4f0d\u91cc\uff0c\u5f53\u4e86\u4e09\u4e2a\u6708\u7684\u767d\u536b\u519b\uff0c\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u57281929\u5e74\u88ab\u52242\u5e74\u534a\u7684\u52b3\u6539\u3002\u6211\u6240\u77e5\u9053\u7684\u4ed6\u7684\u5f80\u4e8b\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u3002\u2026\u2026\u5982\u679c\u6211\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u4ed6\u6709\u53cd\u82cf\u8054\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u8ff9\u8c61\uff0c\u5c31\u7b97\u4ed6\u662f\u6211\u7236\u4eb2\uff0c\u6211\u4e5f\u4f1a\u6beb\u4e0d\u8fdf\u7591\u5411\u5185\u653f\u90e8\u4eba\u6c11\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u62a5\u544a\u3002\u90b1\u5df4\u540c\u5fd7!\u8bf7\u76f8\u4fe1\u6211\uff1a\u6211\u4ee5\u79f0\u4ed6\u4e3a\u7236\u4eb2\u4e3a\u803b\u8fb1\u3002\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u654c\u4eba\u4e0d\u662f\u6211\u7684\u7236\u4eb2\u3002\u4eba\u6c11\u6559\u80b2\u6211\u618e\u6068\u4e00\u5207\u574f\u86cb\u3001\u654c\u4eba\uff0c\u65e0\u4e00\u4f8b\u5916\uff0c\u6beb\u4e0d\u7559\u60c5\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u4eba\u6c11\u624d\u662f\u6211\u7684\u7236\u4eb2\u3002\u6211\u575a\u4fe1\uff0c\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u3001\u5217\u5b81\u7684\u5171\u9752\u56e2\u3001\u5217\u5b81\u548c\u65af\u5927\u6797\u7684\u515a\u4f1a\u8c61\u7231\u62a4\u81ea\u5df1\u5973\u513f\u4e00\u6837\u7231\u62a4\u6211\uff0c\u5728\u4eba\u751f\u7684\u9053\u8def\u4e0a\u7ed9\u6211\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

\u4ee5\u5f53\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u4eba\u4e3a\u6700\u5927\u7684\u5149\u8363\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6ca1\u6709\u524d\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7684\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\uff0c\u8981\u6bd4\u5bf9\u6709\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7684\u524d\u8f88\u5bb9\u6613\u7684\u591a\u3002\u65b0\u7684\u4e00\u4ee3\u4eba\u4ece\u5c0f\u5c31\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6240\u6709\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e2d\u6700\u5e78\u798f\u7684\u4eba\u6c11\u3002\u7c73\u54c8\u4f0a\u00b7\u5c3c\u53ef\u83b1\u592b(Mikhai lNikalaev)\u57281930\u5e74\u4ee3\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u597d\u51e0\u4e2a\u5b64\u513f\u9662\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u957f\u5927\u3002\u636e\u4ed6\u56de\u5fc6\uff0c\u5b64\u513f\u9662\u4e00\u76f4\u6559\u5bfc\u4ed6\u4eec\uff0c\u82cf\u8054\u662f\u6700\u597d\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u513f\u7ae5\u662f\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u6700\u5e78\u798f\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u65af\u5927\u6797\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u7236\u4eb2\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201c\u8981\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u51fa\u751f\u5728\u522b\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u65e9\u5c31\u997f\u6b7b\u3001\u51bb\u6b7b\u4e86\u3002\u2026\u2026\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u8fd9\u4e48\u6559\u7684\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u662f\u8fd9\u4e48\u4fe1\u7684\u3002\u5b64\u513f\u9662\u600e\u4e48\u6559\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u600e\u4e48\u4fe1\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5173\u4e8e\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u90fd\u6765\u81ea\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u653f\u6743\u3002\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u7c73\u54c8\u4f0a\u5f88\u94a6\u4f69\u5df4\u752b\u5217\u514b\uff0c\u4e5f\u60f3\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u63ed\u9732\u654c\u4eba\u548c\u5978\u7ec6\u3002\u5f53\u4ed6\u52a0\u5165\u5c11\u5148\u961f\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4ed6\u611f\u5230\u7279\u522b\u5149\u8363\uff0c\u89c9\u5f97\u771f\u6b63\u8e0f\u8fdb\u4e86\u82cf\u8054\u793e\u4f1a\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e00\u76f4\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u7f9e\u6127\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u751f\u517b\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7236\u6bcd\u89c9\u5f97\u62ac\u4e0d\u8d77\u5934\u6765\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\uff0c\u4ed6\u5bf9\u7236\u6bcd\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u786e\u5207\u7684\u8bb0\u5fc6\u3002\u4ed6\u53ea\u8bb0\u5f97\u56db\u3001\u4e94\u5c81\u65f6\uff0c\u4ee5\u524d\u5bb6\u91cc\u7684\u4e00\u4f4d\u4fdd\u59c6\u5230\u5b64\u513f\u9662\u6765\u770b\u4ed6\uff0c\u544a\u8bc9\u4ed6\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u7236\u6bcd\u662f\u201c\u4eba\u6c11\u4e4b\u654c\u201d\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u67aa\u6bd9\u4e86\u3002\u5979\u5bf9\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u4ed6\u4eec\u672c\u8be5\u8c61\u5bf9\u4f60\u7236\u6bcd\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4e5f\u628a\u4f60\u67aa\u6bd9\u4e86\u7684\u3002\u201d\u7c73\u54c8\u4f0a\u4ece\u6b64\u4e00\u76f4\u611f\u5230\u5341\u5206\u7f9e\u803b\u3002\u53c2\u52a0\u4e86\u5c11\u5148\u961f\uff0c\u4ed6\u624d\u7b97\u6446\u8131\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u7f9e\u803b\u611f\u3002\u4ed6\u611f\u5230\uff0c\u65af\u5927\u6797\u8c61\u7236\u4eb2\u4e00\u6837\u5728\u5173\u6000\u4ed6\uff0c\u4e00\u5207\u7684\u5e78\u798f\u90fd\u662f\u6765\u81ea\u65af\u5927\u6797\uff0c\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u5f97\u5403\uff0c\u6709\u5f97\u7a7f\uff0c\u6709\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u53bb\u5c11\u5148\u961f\u8425\u5730\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u65b0\u5e74\u6811\u2014\u2014\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u662f\u6765\u81ea\u65af\u5927\u6797\u540c\u5fd7\u3002\u201d1930\u5e74\u4ee3\u6210\u4e3a\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u7684\u82cf\u8054\u65b0\u4e00\u4ee3\uff0c\u4ece\u5c0f\u53d7\u5230\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u7edd\u5bf9\u76f8\u4fe1\u65af\u5927\u6797\u548c\u82cf\u8054\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u62a5\u7eb8\u4e0a\u767b\u8f7d\u7684\u90fd\u662f\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\uff0c\u62a5\u7eb8\u8bf4\u597d\u7684\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u597d\u7684\uff0c\u62a5\u7eb8\u8bf4\u574f\u7684\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u574f\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u4fe1\u5ff5\u4f7f\u5f97\u90a3\u4e9b\u7236\u6bcd\u5728\u5927\u6e05\u6d17\u7684\u5e74\u4ee3(1937-38)\u88ab\u5b9a\u4e3a\u82cf\u8054\u654c\u4eba\u7684\u5e74\u5c11\u5e74\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u9519\u4e00\u5b9a\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7236\u6bcd\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u4eba\u6027\u548c\u4eba\u60c5\u7684\u8352\u6f20\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u8fd0\u6c14\u597d\uff0c\u5076\u5c14\u4e5f\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u4e00\u7247\u5c0f\u5c0f\u7684\u7eff\u6d32\uff0c\u5e74\u7eaa\u5c0f\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u8fd8\u4e0d\u89c9\u5f97\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u8bb0\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u5374\u662f\u7ec8\u8eab\u96be\u5fd8\u7684\u8bb0\u5fc6\u3002\u4f0a\u5a1c.\u76d6\u65af\u7279(Inna Gaister)\u5c0f\u65f6\u5019\u5c31\u8bfb\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u7684\u7b2c19\u4e2d\u5b66\uff0c\u5b66\u6821\u5730\u5904\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5730\u5e26\uff0c\u9644\u8fd1\u4f4f\u7740\u4e0d\u5c11\u82cf\u8054\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u3002\u8fd9\u6240\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u4e2d\u6709\u7684\u57281937\u5e74\u7684\u5927\u6e05\u6d17\u4e2d\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u7236\u6bcd\u3002\u572819\u4e2d\u5b66\u4e0d\u8fdc\u5904\u662f\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5b66\u6821\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u5b98\u5458\u7684\u5b50\u5973\u90fd\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u5c31\u8bfb\uff0c\u4f46\u8c01\u4e00\u65e6\u906d\u5230\u6e05\u6d17\uff0c\u5b50\u5973\u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u5f3a\u8feb\u63ed\u53d1\u7236\u6bcd\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u88ab\u5f00\u9664\u3002\u4f46\u4f0a\u5a1c\u7684\u5b66\u6821\u6c14\u6c1b\u5219\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u8001\u5e08\u4eec\u5c3d\u91cf\u4fdd\u62a4\u5b66\u751f\u3002\u4f0a\u5a1c\u7684\u7236\u6bcd\u90fd\u57281937\u5e74\u88ab\u902e\u6355\uff0c\u4f46\u5979\u5f00\u5b66\u65f6\u8fd8\u662f\u53bb\u4e0a\u5b66\u4e86\u3002\u5979\u4e00\u76f4\u4e0d\u6562\u544a\u8bc9\u8001\u5e08\u5bb6\u91cc\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u5979\u56de\u5fc6\u9053\uff0c\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u90fd\u662f\u542c\u5df4\u752b\u5217\u514b\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u957f\u5927\u7684\uff0c\u201d\u6240\u4ee5\u5f88\u6015\u5b66\u6821\u8981\u5979\u63ed\u53d1\u7236\u6bcd\u3002\u6700\u540e\u5979\u9f13\u8d77\u52c7\u6c14\u5bf9\u8001\u5e08\u8bf4\u4e86\u5b9e\u8bdd\u3002\u8001\u5e08\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u597d\u4e86\uff0c\u90a3\u53c8\u600e\u4e48\u5462?\u56de\u5230\u73ed\u4e0a\u53bb\u5427\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

\u8001\u5e08\u4e0d\u4f46\u4e0d\u66ff\u5979\u58f0\u5f20\uff0c\u8fd8\u7528\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5de5\u8d44\u66ff\u5979\u4ed8\u4e86\u5b66\u8d39\u300219\u4e2d\u5b66\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u8c61\u4f0a\u5a1c\u8fd9\u6837\u201c\u4eba\u6c11\u516c\u654c\u201d\u5b50\u5973\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u3002\u4f0a\u5a1c\u8bb0\u5f97\u5f53\u65f6\u73ed\u4e0a\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u987d\u52a3\u7684\u7537\u5b69\uff0c\u4ed6\u5199\u4e86\u4e00\u4efd\u73ed\u4e0a25\u4e2a\u201c\u6258\u6d3e\u5206\u5b50\u201d(\u201c\u4eba\u6c11\u516c\u654c\u201d\u5b50\u5973)\u7684\u540d\u5355\uff0c\u8d34\u5728\u73ed\u7ea7\u7684\u5899\u4e0a\uff0c\u906d\u5230\u5f88\u591a\u540c\u5b66\u7684\u6124\u6068\u3002\u4f0a\u5a1c\u8fd8\u8bb0\u5f97\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e0e\u56fe\u6070\u5207\u592b\u65af\u57fa\u5143\u5e05\u88ab\u5ba1\u65f6\u6709\u5173\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u82cf\u8054\u5b66\u6821\u90fd\u63a5\u5230\u6307\u793a\uff0c\u628a\u201c\u4eba\u6c11\u516c\u654c\u201d\u56fe\u6070\u5207\u592b\u65af\u57fa\u7684\u56fe\u8c61\u4ece\u6559\u79d1\u4e66\u91cc\u62b9\u6389\u3002\u4f0a\u5a1c\u56de\u5fc6\u9053\uff0c\u201c\u6709\u7684\u7537\u5b69\u4e11\u5316\u6559\u79d1\u4e66\u91cc\u7684\u56fe\u6070\u5207\u592b\u65af\u57fa\u7684\u76f8\u7247\uff0c\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u8138\u4e0a\u52a0\u4e0a\u80e1\u5b50\u6216\u5728\u4ed6\u5934\u4e0a\u753b\u4e0a\u4e00\u5bf9\u7284\u89d2\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8001\u5e08\u683c\u91cc\u9ad8\u7f57\u8299\u5a1c(Rakhil Grigorevna)\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u6211\u7ed9\u4f60\u4eec\u6bcf\u4eba\u4e00\u5f20\u7eb8\uff0c\u597d\u597d\u5730\u628a\u7eb8\u8d34\u5728\u4e66\u91cc\u56fe\u6070\u5207\u592b\u65af\u57fa\u7684\u8138\u4e0a\u3002\u8d34\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u8981\u5c0f\u5fc3\u4e00\u4e9b\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4eca\u5929\u4ed6\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u574f\u4eba\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u6c11\u516c\u654c\uff0c\u4f46\u660e\u5929\u4ed6\u548c\u522b\u7684\u4eba\u53c8\u4f1a\u56de\u6765\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u53c8\u4f1a\u628a\u4ed6\u4eec\u770b\u6210\u597d\u4eba\u3002\u5230\u90a3\u4e2a\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4f60\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u7eb8\u4ece\u4ed6\u6ca1\u6709\u4e11\u5316\u7684\u8138\u4e0a\u63ed\u6389\u4e86\u3002\u201d\u4f0a\u5a1c\u8bb0\u5f97\u5979\u8fd9\u4f4d\u8001\u5e08\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5979\u8ba9\u4f0a\u5a1c\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u6781\u7aef\u9669\u6076\u65e0\u60c5\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u8fd8\u662f\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u968f\u6ce2\u9010\u6d41\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u4fdd\u6301\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7406\u6027\u548c\u826f\u77e5\u3002\u5728\u5979\u90a3\u4e2a\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u82cf\u8054\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u592a\u96be\u5f97\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5965\u5170\u591a\u00b7\u8d39\u683c\u65af(Orlando Figes)\u5728\u4ed62007\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u300a\u8033\u8bed\u8005\uff1a\u65af\u5927\u6797\u4fc4\u56fd\u7684\u79c1\u4eba\u751f\u6d3b\u300b(The Whisperers: Private Life in Stalin\u2019s Russia)\u4e2d\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86\u8bb8\u8bb8\u591a\u591a\u8c61\u4e0a\u9762\u8bf4\u5230\u7684\u524d\u82cf\u8054\u5f80\u4e8b\u3002\u5728\u4fc4\u8bed\u4e2d\uff0c\u201c\u8033\u8bed\u8005\u201d\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u610f\u601d\u662f\u6307\u51fa\u4e8e\u6050\u60e7\u548c\u5bb3\u6015\u88ab\u4eba\u5077\u542c\u800c\u538b\u4f4e\u4e86\u58f0\u97f3(shepchushchii)\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u610f\u601d\u662f\u6307\u5728\u522b\u4eba\u80cc\u540e\u7a83\u7a83\u79c1\u8bed\u5730\u544a\u5bc6(sheptun)\u3002\u8033\u8bed\u6210\u4e3a\u65af\u5927\u6797\u65f6\u4ee3\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u82cf\u8054\u793e\u4f1a\u90fd\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6216\u90a3\u4e2a\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u201c\u8033\u8bed\u8005\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\u300a\u8033\u8bed\u8005\uff1a\u65af\u5927\u6797\u65f6\u4ee3\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u79c1\u4eba\u751f\u6d3b\u300b\"<\/p>\n

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