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\u4f5c\u8005: \u738b\u5143\u5d07\u00a0 \u00a0 \u6765\u6e90: \u6f8e\u6e43\u65b0\u95fb<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\u6726\u80e7\u7684\u7406\u89e3<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u8fd9\u672c\u6765\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u4e00\u6869\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u4e70\u5356\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5317\u7f8e\u82b1\u65d7\u53c2\u5728\u5e7f\u5dde\u5f88\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u8258\u8239\u5230\u8fbe\u975e\u6d32\u597d\u671b\u89d2\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u4e1c\u5370\u5ea6\u516c\u53f8\u6a2a\u63d2\u4e00\u5200\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e24\u500d\u91cd\u7684\u7199\u6625\u7eff\u8336\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u4eba\u53c2\u505a\u4e86\u4ea4\u6362\uff0c\u6d77\u745e\u7279\u53f7\u8d2a\u56fe\u8336\u53f6\u5229\u6da6\uff0c\u9042\u534a\u8def\u8fd4\u822a\uff0c\u6ca1\u80fd\u53bb\u6210\u4e2d\u56fd\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\u53bb\u7684\u68a6\u4f9d\u65e7\u5728\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8ba9\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u4e3a\u4e4b\u5174\u594b\u8ff7\u5012\u3002<\/p>\n

\u81f4\u541b\u738b\u3001\u7687\u5e1d\u3001\u56fd\u738b\u3001\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u4e3b\u3001\u4eb2\u738b\u2026\u2026<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5728\u6d77\u745e\u7279\u53f7\u542f\u822a\u540e\u4e0d\u4e45\uff0c1784\u5e742\u670822\u65e5\uff0c\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7687\u540e\u53f7\u201d\u4ece\u7ebd\u7ea6\u6e2f\u542f\u7a0b\uff0c\u524d\u5f80\u4e2d\u56fd\u5e7f\u5dde\u8d38\u6613\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u5929\u662f\u534e\u76db\u987f\u603b\u7edf\u7684\u751f\u65e5\uff0c\u6309\u7167\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u770b\u6765\u7b97\u662f\u9ec4\u9053\u5409\u65e5\u4e86\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u4e5f\u8bc1\u660e\u8fd9\u8258\u8239\u7684\u786e\u5341\u5206\u5e78\u8fd0\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7f8e\u56fd\u6ca1\u6709\u5355\u72ec\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4ea4\u5f80\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u4e5f\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u4e2d\u56fd\u662f\u4e2a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u5b50\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u56fd\u4f1a\u9881\u7ed9\u8fd9\u8258\u8239\u7684\u822a\u6d77\u62a4\u7167\uff08customary sea-letter\uff09\u4e0a\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u8d74\u534e\u4ee5\u540e\u53ef\u80fd\u9047\u5230\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u9884\u5148\u7f57\u5217\u4e86\u4e00\u4e32\u540d\u5802\uff0c\u8981\u81f4\u201c\u6240\u6709\u5949\u6559\u6216\u4e16\u4fd7\u7684\u597d\u57ce\u5e02\u548c\u597d\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u81f3\u8d35\u7684\u3001\u81f3\u9ad8\u7684\u3001\u65e0\u4e0a\u7684\u3001\u53d7\u4eba\u656c\u4ef0\u7684\u3001\u5c0a\u8d35\u7684\u3001\u9ad8\u8d35\u7684\u3001\u6743\u5a01\u7684\u3001\u777f\u667a\u7684\u548c\u82f1\u660e\u7684\u541b\u738b\u3001\u7687\u5e1d\u3001\u56fd\u738b\u3001\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u4e3b\u3001\u4eb2\u738b\u3001\u516c\u7235\u3001\u4f2f\u7235\u3001\u7537\u7235\u3001\u8d35\u7235\u3001\u9547\u957f\u3001\u8bae\u5458\u3001\u6cd5\u5b98\u3001\u5c06\u5b98\u3001\u53f8\u6cd5\u4ee3\u8868\u548c\u6444\u653f\u4ee3\u8868\u4eec\u201d\uff08most Serene, most Puissant, High, Illustrious, Noble, Honorable, Venerable, Wise and Prudent, Lords, Emperors, Kings, Republicks, Princes, Princes, Dukes, Earls, Barons, Lords, Burgomasters, Councillors, as also Judges, Officers, Justiciaries and Regents of all the good cities and places, whether ecclesiastical or secular\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

\u7b2c\u4e00\u8258\u62b5\u8fbe\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u5546\u8239\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7687\u540e\u53f7\u201d\u4e2d\u56fd\u7687\u540e\u53f7\u662f\u4e00\u8258360\u5428\u91cd\u7684\u4e09\u6845\u8239\uff0c\u8239\u53ea\u5236\u9020\u6210\u672c\u52a0\u4e0a\u822a\u884c\u6cbb\u88c5\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u603b\u8ba1\u8017\u8d39\u4e86\u5927\u7ea612\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\u3002\u8239\u957f\u53eb\u7ea6\u7ff0\u2022\u683c\u6797\uff08John Green\uff09\uff0c\u5546\u52a1\u7ecf\u7406\u5219\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u6218\u4e89\u4e2d\u5b98\u81f3\u70ae\u5175\u5c11\u6821\u7684\u5c71\u8302\u53ec\uff08Samuel Shaw\uff09\uff0c\u55e3\u540e\u5c71\u8302\u53ec\u62c5\u4efb\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u9a7b\u5e7f\u5dde\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4efb\u9886\u4e8b\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u7b49\u5404\u5904\u6d77\u76d7\u7316\u7357\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u9632\u5907\u6d77\u76d7\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7687\u540e\u53f7\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5f88\u591a\u5546\u8239\u4e00\u6837\u4e5f\u6b66\u88c5\u6709\u5927\u70ae\uff0c\u5c71\u8302\u53ec\u7684\u519b\u4f0d\u7ecf\u9a8c\u5728\u6b64\u6b21\u822a\u884c\u4e2d\u4e5f\u6070\u597d\u7528\u5f97\u4e0a\u3002\u8be5\u8239\u88c5\u8f7d\u7684\u8d27\u7269\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u68c9\u82b1361\u62c5\uff0c\u94c5476\u62c5\uff0c\u80e1\u691226\u62c5\uff0c\u7fbd\u7eb11270\u5339\uff0c\u76ae\u8d272600\u4ef6\uff0c\u4eba\u53c2473\u62c5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e2d\u56fd\u7687\u540e\u53f7\u6bc5\u7136\u8fdc\u822a\u5e7f\u5dde\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u662f\u53ef\u5609\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd0\u6c14\u4e5f\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u3002\u5728\u62b5\u8fbe\u5dfd\u4ed6\u6d77\u5ce1\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6b63\u597d\u9047\u5230\u4e86\u6b63\u51c6\u5907\u9a76\u5f80\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u6cd5\u56fd\u519b\u8230\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u6cd5\u7f8e\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u53cb\u60c5\u56e0\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u72ec\u7acb\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u800c\u76f8\u5f53\u4e0d\u9519\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u7687\u540e\u53f7\u5c31\u8ddf\u5728\u6cd5\u56fd\u519b\u8230\u540e\u8fb9\u4e8e1784\u5e748\u6708\u5e95\u7ecf\u8fc7\u6fb3\u95e8\u987a\u5229\u62b5\u8fbe\u4e86\u5e7f\u5dde\u3002\u55e3\u540e\uff0c\u9a7b\u6cd5\u516c\u4f7f\u6770\u6590\u900a\u8fd8\u7279\u610f\u81f4\u8c22\u6cd5\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u7687\u540e\u53f7\u7684\u8944\u52a9\u3002<\/p>\n

\u636e\u8bb0\u8f7d\uff0c\u62b5\u8fbe\u5e7f\u5dde\u6e2f\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7687\u540e\u53f7\u7279\u522b\u9e23\u793c\u70ae13\u54cd\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u5f53\u65f6\u7f8e\u56fd\u768413\u4e2a\u5dde\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5411\u4e2d\u56fd\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u5e7f\u5dde\u8d38\u6613\u7684\u5404\u56fd\u81f4\u656c\u3002\u975e\u5e38\u5de7\u5408\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u9e23\u4e8613\u54cd\u793c\u70ae\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u5e7f\u5dde\u5c45\u95f4\u505a\u4e2d\u897f\u8d38\u6613\u6700\u51fa\u540d\u7684\u6070\u597d\u662f13\u5bb6\u5546\u884c\uff0c\u5373\u95fb\u540d\u9050\u8fe9\u7684\u5341\u4e09\u884c\u3002\u5728\u5e7f\u5dde\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7687\u540e\u53f7\u628a\u643a\u5e26\u7684\u7f8e\u6d32\u8d27\u7269\u9500\u552e\u4e00\u7a7a\u540e\uff0c\u91c7\u529e\u4e86\u5982\u4e0b\u4e2d\u56fd\u8d27\u54c1\uff1a\u7ea2\u83362460\u62c5\uff0c\u7eff\u8336562\u62c5\uff0c\u68c9\u5e03864\u5339\uff0c\u74f7\u5668962\u62c5\uff0c\u4e1d\u7ec7\u54c1490\u5339\uff0c\u8089\u684221\u62c5\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u4ea4\u6613\u4e4b\u540e\u4e0d\u4e45\u5373\u626c\u5e06\u56de\u56fd\uff0c\u540c\u884c\u7684\u6709\u8377\u5170\u7684\u5546\u8239\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u53ea\u6709\u666e\u901a\u5730\u56fe\u5374\u6ca1\u6709\u8be6\u7ec6\u822a\u6d77\u5730\u56fe\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u8fd9\u8d9f\u4e2d\u56fd\u5546\u52a1\u4e4b\u65c5\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u5e78\u8fd0\u7684\uff0c\u4ece\u4e2d\u4e5f\u53ef\u89c1\u5230\u5f53\u65e5\u5e7f\u5dde\u56fd\u9645\u8d38\u6613\u7684\u7e41\u76db\uff0c\u6b27\u6d32\u524d\u6765\u4e2d\u56fd\u8d38\u6613\u7684\u5546\u8239\u7edc\u7ece\u4e0d\u7edd\u3002<\/p>\n

1785\u5e745\u670812\u65e5\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7687\u540e\u53f7\u56de\u5230\u4e86\u7ebd\u7ea6\uff0c\u4e00\u756a\u8d29\u5356\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u8d5a\u4e8637727\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u5229\u6da6\u738725%\u3002\u867d\u7136\u5bf9\u6bd4\u540e\u6765\u8005\u800c\u8a00\u8fd9\u8d9f\u6240\u8d5a\u53d6\u7684\u5229\u6da6\u4e0d\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u9ad8\uff0c\u4f46\u9996\u6b21\u4e2d\u7f8e\u8d38\u6613\u83b7\u5f97\u5de8\u5927\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u5404\u65b9\u90fd\u7686\u5927\u6b22\u559c\u3002\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u4ece\u5404\u79cd\u6709\u5173\u4e2d\u7f8e\u8d38\u6613\u7684\u62a5\u544a\u4e2d\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u4e8e1789\u5e74\u52301791\u5e74\u4e4b\u95f4\u7ebd\u7ea6\u3001\u5bbe\u5915\u6cd5\u5c3c\u4e9a\u5dde\u4ee5\u53ca\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u90fd\u7acb\u6cd5\u7279\u522b\u4fdd\u62a4\u5bf9\u534e\u8d38\u6613\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u8d27\u7269\u5b9e\u884c\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u8f83\u4f4e\u7684\u8fdb\u53e3\u7a0e\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u5927\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u5f15\u5bfc\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bf9\u534e\u8d38\u6613\u5f00\u59cb\u76f4\u7ebf\u4e0a\u626c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u63a2\u9669\u7cbe\u795e\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u671f\u95f4\u5f00\u59cb\u5f97\u4ee5\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u8868\u73b0\uff0c\u5404\u79cd\u8239\u53ea\u7ade\u76f8\u5f00\u5f80\u5e7f\u5dde\u8d38\u6613\u30021785\u5e74\uff0c\u4e00\u8258\u5355\u6845\u8239\u201c\u57c3\u514b\u65af\u767e\u745e\u95e8\u7279\u53f7\u201d\uff08Experiment\uff09\u53f7\u4ece\u7ebd\u7ea6\u5dde\u9996\u5e9c\u5965\u5c14\u5df4\u5c3c\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u8239\u5458\u53ea\u6709\u4e03\u4e2a\u6210\u5e74\u7537\u8239\u5458\u4e0e\u4e24\u4e2a\u7537\u5b69\u5b50\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u628a\u8239\u5f00\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\u5e76\u62c9\u56de\u4e86\u4e00\u8239\u7684\u8336\u53f6\u3001\u74f7\u5668\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u4e2d\u56fd\u8d27\u7269\uff0c\u524d\u540e\u603b\u8ba1\u7528\u4e8618\u4e2a\u6708\u3002<\/p>\n

1797\u5e74\u52301798\u5e74\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u4e00\u8258\u4e0d\u5927\u7684\u53ea\u670993\u5428\u91cd\u7684\u201c\u767e\u7279\u65af\u53f7\u201d\uff08Betsey\uff09\u5546\u8239\uff0c\u4ece\u7ebd\u7ea6\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u7ecf\u5357\u7f8e\u6d32\u7684\u5408\u6069\u89d2\u6a2a\u8d8a\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u62b5\u8fbe\u4e86\u5357\u6d77\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u9a76\u5165\u5e7f\u4e1c\uff0c\u4ea4\u6613\u4ee5\u540e\u53c8\u7a7f\u8fc7\u975e\u6d32\u597d\u671b\u89d2\u6a2a\u8d2f\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u56de\u5230\u4e86\u7ebd\u7ea6\uff0c\u603b\u8ba1\u7528\u4e8623\u4e2a\u6708\u3002\u767e\u7279\u65af\u53f7\u7684\u8239\u5458\u603b\u8ba130\u4eba\uff0c\u5168\u90e8\u572828\u5c81\u4ee5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u5e26\u56de\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u8d27\u7269\u9500\u552e\u540e\uff0c\u518d\u6263\u9664\u5173\u7a0e\u3001\u8239\u957f\u85aa\u91d1\u3001\u8239\u5458\u85aa\u6c34\u548c\u6295\u8d44\u6210\u672c\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u51c0\u5229\u6da6\u7adf\u7136\u9ad8\u8fbe53118\u7f8e\u5143\u3002<\/p>\n

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