{"id":50025,"date":"2025-07-17T05:17:29","date_gmt":"2025-07-16T21:17:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/?p=50025"},"modified":"2025-07-17T05:17:29","modified_gmt":"2025-07-16T21:17:29","slug":"%e6%80%bb%e7%bb%9f%e4%b8%8e%e9%b8%a6%e7%89%87","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/?p=50025","title":{"rendered":"\u603b\u7edf\u4e0e\u9e26\u7247"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u4f5c\u8005: \u738b\u5143\u5d07\u00a0 \u00a0 \u6765\u6e90: \u6f8e\u6e43\u65b0\u95fb<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\u5bcc\u5170\u514b\u6797\u2022\u5fb7\u62c9\u8bfa\u2022\u7f57\u65af\u798f\uff08Franklin Delano Roosevelt,1882\u20131945\uff09\uff0c\u5927\u6982\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6700\u4e3a\u719f\u6089\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u603b\u7edf\u4e4b\u4e00\u4e86\uff0c\u4ed6\u4ece1933\u5e743\u67084\u65e5\u8d70\u9a6c\u4e0a\u4efb\u52301945\u5e744\u670812\u65e5\u4efb\u5185\u7a81\u7136\u53bb\u4e16\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e8c\u6218\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u80cc\u666f\u800c\u8fde\u4efb\u56db\u5c4a\u603b\u7edf\uff0c\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u552f\u4e00\u4efb\u671f\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e24\u5c4a\u7684\u603b\u7edf\u3002\u5f88\u591a\u548c\u7f57\u65af\u798f\u603b\u7edf\u63a5\u89e6\u8fc7\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u5b98\u5458\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5171\u540c\u56de\u5fc6\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u603b\u7edf\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u7f57\u65af\u798f\u4e0d\u6b62\u4e00\u6b21\u5730\u63d0\u8d77\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7956\u4e0a\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5916\u7956\u7236\u5bb6\u65cf\u53bb\u4e2d\u56fd\u505a\u8fc7\u751f\u610f\u3002\u81f3\u4e8e\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u751f\u610f\uff0c\u4ed6\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5f80\u4e0b\u8bf4\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7f57\u65af\u798f\u7684\u4e2d\u95f4\u540d\u5b57Delano\uff0c\u7ee7\u627f\u81ea\u6bcd\u4eb2\u4ea6\u5373\u5916\u7956\u4e00\u4fa7\u7684\u59d3\u6c0f\u300219\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e0a\u534a\u53f6\uff0c\u5fb7\u62c9\u8bfa\u5bb6\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5e7f\u5dde\u505a\u9e26\u7247\u751f\u610f\uff0c\u548c\u8bb8\u591a\u7f8e\u56fd\u5546\u4eba\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5728\u5bf9\u534e\u9e26\u7247\u8d38\u6613\u4e2d\u8d5a\u53d6\u4e86\u5bb6\u65cf\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6876\u91d1\u3002<\/p>\n

18\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\u671f\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u4e1c\u5370\u5ea6\u516c\u53f8\u4e3a\u4e86\u6539\u53d8\u5bf9\u534e\u8d38\u6613\u8d64\u5b57\uff0c\u8d70\u4e0a\u8d29\u5356\u9e26\u7247\u7684\u8def\u3002\u800c\u9e26\u7247\u8d38\u6613\u7684\u9ad8\u989d\u5229\u6da6\u5bf9\u5546\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u5f15\u8bf1\u662f\u4e0d\u5206\u56fd\u754c\u7684\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u4e5f\u52a0\u5165\u8fdb\u6765\u3002\u5728\u65e9\u671f\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bf9\u534e\u9e26\u7247\u8d38\u6613\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\uff0c\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u540d\u5b57\u9887\u503c\u5f97\u6211\u4eec\u5173\u6ce8\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u7ea6\u7ff0\u2022\u4f2f\u91d1\u65af\u2022\u987e\u76db\uff08John Perkins Cushing, 1787\u20131862\uff09\uff0c\u585e\u7f2a\u5c14\u2022\u7f57\u7d20\uff08Samuel Wadsworth Russell\uff0c1789-1862\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7f57\u65af\u798f\u603b\u7edf\u7684\u5916\u7956\u7236\u5c0f\u6c83\u4f26\u2022\u5fb7\u62c9\u8bfa\uff08Warren Delano,Jr., 1809\u20131898\uff09\uff08\u4e3a\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u6df7\u6dc6\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5747\u4ee5\u7f8e\u5546\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u59d3\u6c0f\u79f0\u547c\u4e4b\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u6765\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u90fd\u662f\u8840\u6c14\u65b9\u521a\u7684\u5e74\u8f7b\u4eba\uff0c\u90fd\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5e7f\u5dde\u201c\u5341\u4e09\u884c\u201d\u7684\u5de8\u5bcc\u4f0d\u79c9\u9274\uff081769\u20131843\uff09\u7684\u652f\u6301\u548c\u5e87\u62a4\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u79bb\u5f00\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u4e5f\u90fd\u6210\u4e86\u5bcc\u7532\u4e00\u65b9\u7684\u5de8\u8d3e\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u4e00\u63d0\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u9e26\u7247\u8d38\u6613\u6240\u8d5a\u53d6\u7684\u5de8\u989d\u8d22\u5bcc\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u51e0\u4e4e\u65e0\u4e00\u4f8b\u5916\u5730\u6295\u5165\u5230\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u5efa\u8bbe\u4e2d\u53bb\uff0c\u5728\u9e26\u7247\u70df\u91cc\u9a71\u52a8\u8d77\u6700\u521d\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u68a6\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u5185\u4f36\u4ec3\u6d0b\u5185\u7684\u8d29\u8fd0\u9e26\u7247\u7684\u8239\u53ea\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u6d77\u4e8b\u753b\u5bb6\u5a01\u5ec9\u59c6\u2022\u7ea6\u7ff0\u2022\u54c8\u91d1\u65af[William John Huggins\uff0c1781-1845]\u7ed8\u4e8e1820\u5e74\uff1b\u753b\u4e0a\u4ece\u53f3\u5f80\u5de6\u7b2c\u4e00\u6392\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8258\u8239\u5373\u753b\u4e2d\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8239\u662f\u82f1\u56fd\u8239\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6392\u7684\u5219\u4f3c\u662f\u4e00\u8258\u60ac\u6302\u7740\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u65d7\u7684\u9e26\u7247\u8239<\/p>\n

\u65d7\u660c\u6d0b\u884c\u548c\u5b83\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u201c\u6559\u7236\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u585e\u7f2a\u5c14\u2022\u7f57\u7d20\u51fa\u751f\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u5eb7\u6d85\u72c4\u683c\u5dde\u7684\u4e2d\u5dde\u9547\uff08Middletown\uff09\u3002\u4e2d\u5dde\u9547\u662f\u5eb7\u6d85\u72c4\u683c\u6cb3\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u53e3\u5cb8\u57ce\u9547\uff0c\u5546\u8239\u6cbf\u6cb3\u5357\u4e0b\u5165\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u4ee5\u540e\u53ef\u8d2f\u7a7f\u7ebd\u7ea6\u957f\u5c9b\u4e1c\u7aef\uff0c\u626c\u5e06\u5916\u6d0b\u300218\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u4e2d\u5dde\u9547\u662f\u5eb7\u5dde\u6700\u4e3a\u7e41\u5fd9\u5bcc\u5eb6\u7684\u6e2f\u53e3\uff0c\u9876\u5cf0\u65f6\u671f\u8be5\u9547\u6709\u4e09\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u7684\u5e02\u6c11\u4ece\u4e8b\u6e2f\u53e3\u8d38\u6613\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u6d77\u4e8b\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u7f57\u7d20\u7684\u7236\u4eb2\u5c31\u662f\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u5458\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7f57\u7d2012\u5c81\u6210\u4e86\u5b64\u513f\uff0c\u4e3a\u751f\u8ba1\u5230\u4e00\u5bb6\u53eb\u505a\u201c\u5a01\u7279\u91cc\u65af\u548c\u5965\u8428\u666e\u201d\uff08Whittlesey & Alsop\uff09\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u5f53\u4e86\u5b66\u5f92\uff0c\u7ec3\u5c31\u4e00\u8eab\u505a\u751f\u610f\u7684\u672c\u9886\u3002\u5b66\u5f92\u751f\u6daf\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u524d\u5f80\u7ebd\u7ea6\uff0c\u52a0\u5165\u4e86\u540c\u4e61\u521b\u7acb\u7684\u201c\u8c6a\u5c14\u2022\u683c\u745e\u65af\u6c83\u5fb7\u201d\u516c\u53f8\uff08Hull\uff0cGriswold & Company\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u62bc\u8fd0\u5458\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\u6d77\u4e0a\u822a\u884c\u751f\u6daf\u3002\u6478\u6e05\u5957\u8def\u540e\uff0c\u7f57\u7d20\u56de\u8001\u5bb6\u4e2d\u5dde\u9547\u5f00\u4e86\u4e00\u5bb6\u4ee5\u81ea\u5df1\u540d\u5b57\u547d\u540d\u7684\u516c\u53f8Russell & Company\u3002\u7167\u6211\u4eec\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u7f57\u7d20\u516c\u53f8\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u5bb6\u76ae\u5305\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u4e3b\u8425\u4e1a\u52a1\u662f\u4e3a\u8c6a\u5c14\u2022\u683c\u745e\u65af\u6c83\u5fb7\u516c\u53f8\u505a\u8d38\u6613\u4ee3\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u90a3\u65f6\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u5bf9\u534e\u8d38\u6613\u9ad8\u6b4c\u731b\u8fdb\u3002\u4ece\u6e2f\u53e3\u57ce\u5e02\u585e\u52d2\u59c6\uff08Salem\uff09\u5f80\u5357\u5230\u6ce2\u58eb\u987f\u3001\u7f57\u5fb7\u5c9b\u3001\u5eb7\u6d85\u72c4\u683c\u5dde\uff0c\u518d\u5230\u5357\u9762\u7684\u7ebd\u7ea6\u3001\u65b0\u6cfd\u897f\uff0c\u63a5\u7740\u5230\u5bbe\u5915\u6cd5\u5c3c\u4e9a\u5dde\u7684\u8d39\u57ce\u548c\u7279\u62c9\u534e\u6cb3\u4e00\u5e26\uff0c\u518d\u5f80\u5357\u5ef6\u4f38\u81f3\u5df4\u5c14\u7684\u6469\u548c\u534e\u76db\u987f\u7279\u533a\u5468\u56f4\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u6761\u4e1c\u90e8\u6cbf\u6d77\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8d70\u5eca\uff0c\u662f\u5bf9\u534e\u8d38\u6613\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u96c6\u6563\u5730\u3002\u4ece\u4e8b\u5bf9\u534e\u8d38\u6613\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a\u548c\u5546\u4eba\u4e91\u96c6\u5728\u6b64\uff0c\u74f7\u5668\u3001\u6f06\u5668\u3001\u8336\u53f6\u3001\u4e1d\u7ef8\u7b49\u6765\u81ea\u4e2d\u56fd\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u548c\u5370\u5ea6\u7684\u8d27\u7269\uff0c\u4e5f\u5927\u591a\u6563\u5e03\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u5730\u57df\uff08\u76f4\u5230\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u5730\u533a\u4ecd\u662f\u5317\u7f8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6240\u5728\uff0c\u535a\u7269\u9986\u91cc\u9648\u5217\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u74f7\u5668\u548c\u6f06\u5668\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6709\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u4e5f\u8fd8\u53eb\u505a\u201c\u5e7f\u5dde\u201d[Canton]\uff09\u3002\u8033\u6fe1\u76ee\u67d3\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u5e74\u8f7b\u7684\u7f57\u7d20\u4e5f\u5f88\u61a7\u61ac\u53bb\u4e2d\u56fd\u505a\u751f\u610f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u8001\u4e61\u7231\u5fb7\u534e\u2022\u5361\u7075\u987f\uff08Edward Carrington\uff0c1775-1843\uff09\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002\u5361\u7075\u987f\u51fa\u751f\u5728\u5eb7\u5dde\u6e2f\u53e3\u57ce\u5e02\u7ebd\u9ed1\u6587\uff08New Haven\uff09\uff0c\u66fe\u5728\u6d77\u5916\u8d38\u6613\u516c\u53f8\u505a\u6587\u4e66\u548c\u62bc\u8fd0\u5458\u30021802\u5e74\u52301810\u5e74\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u5361\u7075\u987f\u4f4f\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5e7f\u5dde\uff0c\u5e76\u6210\u4e86\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u9886\u4e8b\uff0c\u4e3a\u5176\u4ed6\u7f8e\u56fd\u5546\u884c\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u7f8e\u56fd\u5546\u4f1a\u5934\u76ee\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u751f\u610f\u3002\u505c\u7559\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u516b\u5e74\uff0c\u4e3a\u5361\u7075\u987f\u79ef\u7d2f\u4e86\u53ef\u89c2\u7684\u8d22\u5bcc\u30021811\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u56de\u7f8e\u56fd\u521b\u529e\u4e86\u7231\u5fb7\u534e\u2022\u5361\u7075\u987f\u516c\u53f8\uff08Edward Carrington & Company\uff09\uff0c\u4f9d\u65e7\u4ece\u4e8b\u5bf9\u534e\u8d38\u6613\u3002\u5f88\u5feb\uff0c\u7f57\u7d20\u4e0e\u5361\u7075\u987f\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u800c\u4ed6\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e4b\u884c\u4e5f\u7ec8\u4e8e\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u767b\u573a\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

1819\u5e74\uff0c30\u5c81\u7684\u7f57\u7d20\u62b5\u8fbe\u4e2d\u56fd\u5e7f\u5dde\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u4efb\u52a1\u662f\u6253\u7406\u5361\u7075\u987f\u516c\u53f8\u5728\u5e7f\u5dde\u7684\u4e1a\u52a1\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u9e26\u7247\u751f\u610f\u3002\u7cbe\u660e\u7684\u7f57\u7d20\u5f88\u5feb\u5c31\u53d1\u73b0\u9e26\u7247\u8d38\u6613\u5229\u6da6\u5947\u9ad8\u3002\u867d\u7136\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u4e00\u518d\u7533\u7981\u9e26\u7247\uff0c\u4f46\u5404\u56fd\u5728\u534e\u5546\u884c\u7ecf\u7531\u79cd\u79cd\u975e\u5b98\u65b9\u6e20\u9053\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u9e26\u7247\u8d38\u6613\u4ece\u672a\u505c\u6b62\u30021824\u5e74\uff0c\u7f57\u7d20\u628a\u76ae\u5305\u516c\u53f8\u5f00\u5230\u4e86\u5e7f\u5dde\uff0c\u5e76\u6539\u5934\u6362\u9762\uff0c\u8d77\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f18\u96c5\u7684\u4e2d\u6587\u540d\u5b57\u2014\u2014\u65d7\u660c\u6d0b\u884c\uff0c\u4e3b\u8425\u4e1d\u7ef8\u3001\u8336\u53f6\u548c\u9e26\u7247\uff0c\u8fd9\u5176\u4e2d\u53c8\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u9e26\u7247\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u521b\u529e\u65d7\u660c\u6d0b\u884c\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u7f57\u7d20\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u7ea6\u7ff0\u2022\u4f2f\u91d1\u65af\u2022\u987e\u76db\uff08John Perkins Cushing, 1787\u20131862\uff09\u7684\u9752\u7750\uff0c\u800c\u987e\u76db\u662f\u5f53\u65f6\u5728\u5e7f\u5dde\u6700\u6709\u524d\u9014\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u5546\u4eba\u3002\u987e\u76db\u751f\u5728\u6ce2\u58eb\u987f\uff0c16\u5c81\u90a3\u5e74\u6765\u5230\u5e7f\u5dde\uff0c\u52a0\u5165\u8205\u8205\u6258\u9a6c\u65af\u2022\u4f2f\u91d1\u65af\uff08Thomas Perkins,1764\u20131854\uff09\u7ecf\u8425\u7684\u4f1a\u8ba1\u5e08\u4e8b\u52a1\u6240\u3002\u4e09\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c06\u4e3a\u4e8b\u52a1\u6240\u6539\u6210\u201c\u4f2f\u91d1\u65af\u516c\u53f8\u201d\uff0c\u8f6c\u53bb\u505a\u751f\u610f\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e00\u505a\u5c31\u662f\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\uff0c\u628a\u516c\u53f8\u529e\u6210\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bf9\u534e\u8d38\u6613\u7684\u9f99\u5934\u3002\u800c\u987e\u76db\u6210\u529f\u7684\u79d8\u8bc0\uff0c\u65e0\u4ed6\uff0c\u5728\u4e8e\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5e7f\u5dde\u201c\u5341\u4e09\u884c\u201d\u4e2d\u52bf\u529b\u6700\u5927\u7684\u884c\u4e3b\u4f0d\u79c9\u9274\u7684\u5782\u7231\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

<\/div>\n
\n

\u5341\u4e09\u884c\u4e4b\u6021\u548c\u884c\u9886\u8896\u4f0d\u79c9\u9274\u753b\u50cf\uff1b\u4e54\u6cbb\u2022\u9f50\u5185\u745e\uff08George Chinnery\uff09\u7ed8\u4e8e1830\u5e74\uff0c\u73b0\u5b58\u7f8e\u56fd\u7ebd\u7ea6\u5927\u90fd\u4f1a\u535a\u7269\u9986<\/p>\n

\u4f0d\u79c9\u9274\u5373\u4f0d\u6d69\u5b98\uff0c\u5728\u897f\u65b9\u4ee5\u201cHowqua\u201d\u95fb\u540d\uff0c\u662f\u5f53\u65f6\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u5bcc\u6709\u7684\u4eba\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u636e\u8bf4\u57281834\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u8d44\u4ea7\u5c31\u67092600\u4e07\u94f6\u5143\uff0c\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u51e0\u5341\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u3002\u4ed6\u65d7\u4e0b\u7684\u6021\u548c\u884c\u540c\u82f1\u7f8e\u8bb8\u591a\u5546\u884c\u505a\u5bf9\u53e3\u8d38\u6613\uff0c\u4e5f\u5e87\u62a4\u548c\u8d5e\u52a9\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u7f8e\u56fd\u5546\u4eba\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5165\u8fc7\u65d7\u660c\u6d0b\u884c\u80a1\u4efd\u4f46\u540e\u6765\u64a4\u8d44\u56de\u56fd\u53d8\u6210\u7f8e\u56fd\u94c1\u8def\u5927\u4ea8\u7684\u7ea6\u7ff0\u2022\u7a46\u52d2\u2022\u798f\u5e03\u65af\uff08John Murray Forbes\uff0c1813\u20131898)\u53ca\u5176\u5144\u957f\u7f57\u4f2f\u7279\u2022\u672c\u5948\u7279\u2022\u798f\u5e03\u65af\uff08Robert Bennet Forbes\uff0c1804\u20131889)\uff0c\u5728\u5e7f\u5dde\u51e0\u4e4e\u662f\u201c\u6559\u7236\u201d\u822c\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u9e26\u7247\u6218\u4e89\u540e\uff0c\u300a\u5357\u4eac\u6761\u7ea6\u300b\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5e94\u8d54\u4ed8\u82f1\u5546300\u4e07\u94f6\u5143\u6b20\u6b3e\uff0c\u4f0d\u79c9\u9274\u72ec\u8ba4\u4e86\u5176\u4e2d\u7684100\u4e07\uff0c\u53ef\u89c1\u5176\u5bb6\u4e1a\u663e\u8d6b\uff0c\u5bcc\u53ef\u654c\u56fd\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f0d\u5bb6\u4e00\u76f4\u4e0e\u82f1\u56fd\u4e1c\u5370\u5ea6\u516c\u53f8\u7b49\u5546\u5bb6\u505a\u751f\u610f\uff0c\u4f46\u4e1c\u5370\u5ea6\u516c\u53f8\u56e0\u5176\u5927\u6279\u91cf\u91c7\u8d2d\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5bf9\u8d27\u7269\u4ef7\u683c\u538b\u5f97\u9887\u4f4e\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u6765\u5546\u884c\u7684\u5229\u6da6\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u6b64\u5916\u8fd8\u8981\u5e94\u5bf9\u6e05\u671d\u5404\u7ea7\u5b98\u5458\u7684\u96be\u586b\u6b32\u58d1\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5546\u884c\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4f0d\u5bb6\u5341\u5206\u6b22\u8fce\u7f8e\u56fd\u5546\u4eba\u7684\u5230\u6765\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5e74\u8f7b\u7684\u987e\u76db\u30021812-1815\u5e74\uff0c\u82f1\u7f8e\u7206\u53d1\u6218\u4e89\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u519b\u8230\u62e6\u963b\u7f8e\u56fd\u5546\u8239\u8d74\u534e\uff0c\u987e\u76db\u7684\u751f\u610f\u5927\u53d7\u6253\u51fb\uff0c\u5e72\u8106\u4e13\u5fc3\u53bb\u5e2e\u4f0d\u79c9\u9274\u6253\u7406\u6d77\u5916\u751f\u610f\u3002\u5f88\u5feb\uff0c\u987e\u76db\u5c31\u52a0\u5165\u4e86\u9e26\u7247\u8d38\u6613\u7684\u884c\u5f53\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u4f0d\u79c9\u9274\u7684\u6295\u8d44\u4e0b\u5784\u65ad\u4e86\u4ece\u571f\u8033\u5176\u5f80\u4e2d\u56fd\u8d29\u8fd0\u9e26\u7247\u70df\u7684\u751f\u610f\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

\u5e7f\u5dde\u5341\u4e09\u884c\u5bb4\u8bf7\u6e05\u671d\u671d\u5ef7\u5b98\u5458\u56fe\u3002\u6c64\u739b\u65af\u2022\u5965\u52d2\u59c6\uff08Thomas Allom\uff09\u7ed8\u4e8e\u7ea61842\u5e74\u3002\u753b\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u6700\u9ad8\u7ea7\u522b\u7684\u5b98\u5458\u5750\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u57ab\u9ad8\u4e86\u7684\u6905\u5b50\u4e0a\uff0c\u5546\u884c\u5546\u4eba\u6216\u5b98\u8854\u8f83\u4f4e\u7684\u5b98\u5458\u6b63\u5728\u966a\u9152\uff0c\u5bf9\u9762\u662f\u620f\u73ed\u5728\u5531\u620f<\/p>\n

\u5f53\u65f6\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u4e1c\u5370\u5ea6\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u5bf9\u534e\u9e26\u7247\u8d38\u6613\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6765\u6e90\u5730\u662f\u5370\u5ea6\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u7f8e\u56fd\u5546\u4eba\u65e0\u6cd5\u63d2\u624b\u3002\u800c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u9e26\u7247\u6765\u6e90\u5730\u571f\u8033\u5176\uff0c\u5219\u51e0\u4e4e\u5168\u90e8\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u5546\u4eba\u6240\u628a\u63a7\u4e86\uff0c\u5355\u662f\u628a\u571f\u8033\u5176\u9e26\u7247\u70df\u8d29\u8fd0\u5230\u5e7f\u5dde\u8fd9\u901a\u751f\u610f\uff0c\u5229\u6da6\u7387\u5c31\u9ad8\u8fbe37.5%\uff0c\u6cb9\u6c34\u4e0d\u53ef\u8c13\u4e0d\u4e30\u539a\u30021827\u5e74\uff0c\u987e\u76db\u7684\u4f2f\u91d1\u65af\u516c\u53f8\u52a0\u5165\u7f57\u7d20\u7684\u65d7\u660c\u6d0b\u884c\uff0c\u987e\u76db\u6210\u4e3a\u65d7\u660c\u7684\u9ad8\u7ea7\u5408\u4f19\u4eba\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u6765\u65d7\u660c\u6d0b\u884c\u4e5f\u5c31\u6210\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bf9\u534e\u9e26\u7247\u8d38\u6613\u7684\u201c\u65d7\u8230\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u4e2d\u65b9\u6765\u4eba\u57fa\u672c\u90fd\u662f\u5e7f\u5dde\u5e2e\u4f1a\u7684\u6210\u5458\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u4ea4\u6613\u53cc\u65b9\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u4e3b\u4eba\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u6d17\u767d\u3002\u9e26\u7247\u4ea4\u6613\u867d\u8bf4\u9690\u853d\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u5b9e\u5317\u4eac\u6e05\u695a\u5f97\u5f88\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u65f6\u4efb\u9e3f\u80ea\u5bfa\u537f\u7684\u9ec4\u7235\u6ecb\uff0c\u5c31\u5728\u5176\u9053\u5149\u5341\u516b\u5e74\uff081838\u5e74\uff09\u6240\u4e0a\u7684\u300a\u8bf7\u4e25\u585e\u6f0f\u536e\u4ee5\u57f9\u56fd\u672c\u6298\u300b\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\uff1a\u201c\u5916\u6d0b\u6765\u70df\u6e10\u591a\uff0c\u53e6\u6709\u8db8\u8239\u8f7d\u70df\u4e0d\u8fdb\u864e\u95e8\u6d77\u53e3\uff0c\u505c\u6cca\u96f6\u4e01\u6d0b\u4e2d\u4e4b\u8001\u4e07\u5c71\u3001\u5927\u5c7f\u5c71\u7b49\u5904\u3002\u7ca4\u7701\u5978\u5546\uff0c\u52fe\u901a\u6d77\u5175\u5f01\uff0c\u7528\u6252\u9f99\u3001\u5feb\u87f9\u7b49\u8239\u8fd0\u94f6\u51fa\u6d0b\uff0c\u8fd0\u70df\u5165\u53e3\u3002\u201d\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u9e26\u7247\u8d38\u6613\u5e76\u975e\u67d0\u56fd\u3001\u67d0\u65cf\u4e4b\u8fc7\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e2d\u897f\u65b9\u9e26\u7247\u8d29\u5b50\u5171\u8c0b\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5c31\u597d\u6bd4\u8de8\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u7684\u5974\u96b6\u8d38\u6613\u662f\u897f\u65b9\u53ca\u975e\u6d32\u5974\u96b6\u8d29\u5b50\u8054\u624b\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u6682\u4e14\u4e0d\u8bba\u4f0d\u79c9\u9274\u7b49\u5546\u4eba\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u7f8e\u56fd\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u536b\u4e09\u754f\uff08Samuel Wells Williams\uff0c1812\u20131884\uff09\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e24\u5e7f\u603b\u7763\u9093\u5ef7\u6862\uff081835\u20131840\u5e74\u5728\u4efb\uff09\u7684\u513f\u5b50\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9e26\u7247\u8d29\u5b50\u3002\u4e0d\u6cd5\u8d29\u5b50\u4eec\u6216\u8bb8\u6709\u56fd\u754c\u4e4b\u9694\u3001\u79cd\u65cf\u4e4b\u5206\uff0c\u4f46\u8d44\u672c\u7684\u5229\u6da6\u5374\u662f\u65e0\u56fd\u754c\u3001\u65e0\u79cd\u65cf\u7684\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f\u65e0\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

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\u53c2\u4e0e\u9e26\u7247\u8d70\u79c1\u7684\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u4e0d\u6b62\u65d7\u660c\u4e00\u5bb6\u3002\u4f46\u548c\u82f1\u56fd\u4e1a\u5df2\u5b98\u529e\u7684\u4e1c\u5370\u5ea6\u516c\u53f8\u6027\u8d28\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u65d7\u660c\u6d0b\u884c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u79c1\u4eba\u5546\u53f7\uff0c\u5a34\u719f\u5730\u6e38\u8d70\u5728\u5bf9\u534e\u8d38\u6613\u7684\u7070\u8272\u5730\u5e26\uff0c\u5927\u8d5a\u4e0d\u4e49\u4e4b\u8d22\uff0c\u5728\u5927\u6d0b\u5f7c\u5cb8\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u50ac\u751f\u51fa\u4e00\u6279\u66b4\u53d1\u6237\u3002\u6309\u7167\u7f8e\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u4f5c\u5bb6\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u2022\u5e03\u83b1\u5fb7\u5229\uff08James Bradley\uff09\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u5bf9\u534e\u8d38\u6613\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u66b4\u53d1\u6237\u7684\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u662f\u4e09\u5341\u800c\u7acb\u4e4b\u5e74\u5750\u62e5\u5341\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u672c\u79d1\u6bd5\u4e1a\u751f\u6bd5\u4e1a\u516d\u5e74\u5185\u79ef\u7d2f\u8d77\u6570\u767e\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u66b4\u53d1\u6237\u65e2\u5305\u62ec\u6211\u4eec\u8c08\u5230\u987e\u76db\u3001\u7f57\u7d20\u3001\u5fb7\u62c9\u8bfa\uff0c\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u6df1\u53d7\u4f0d\u79c9\u9274\u5e87\u62a4\u7684\u798f\u5e03\u65af\u5144\u5f1f\u3001\u9732\u5179\u53d4\u4f84\u7b49\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

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\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e1c\u90e8\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u9ad8\u6821\u7684\u5efa\u57fa\uff0c\u4e5f\u90fd\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u5f53\u5e74\u7684\u5bf9\u534e\u9e26\u7247\u8d38\u6613\u6709\u5173\u3002\u636e\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b66\u8005\u8c03\u67e5\uff0c\u8036\u9c81\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u6821\u533a\u5927\u534a\u662f\u7f57\u7d20\u5bb6\u65cf\u51fa\u8d44\u8d2d\u4e70\u7684\uff0c\u8be5\u6821\u8457\u540d\u7684\u201c\u9ab7\u9ac5\u4f1a\u201d\u4e5f\u7531\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5bb6\u65cf\u8d44\u52a9\u3002\u54e5\u4f26\u6bd4\u4e9a\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\u6027\u5efa\u7b51\u2014\u2014\u9732\u5179\u7eaa\u5ff5\u697c\uff08Low Memorial Hall\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u662f\u9732\u5179\u7684\u513f\u5b50\u57281895\u5e74\u51fa\u8d44\u5efa\u9020\u7684\uff0c\u57281934\u5e74\u524d\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u54e5\u5927\u7684\u4e3b\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u3002\u5fb7\u62c9\u8bfa\u5728\u65d7\u660c\u6d0b\u884c\u7684\u63a5\u73ed\u4eba\u7ea6\u7ff0\u2022\u514b\u91cc\u4f0d\u2022\u683c\u6797\uff08John Cleve Green\uff0c1800\u20131875\uff09\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u662f\u666e\u6797\u65af\u987f\u5927\u5b66\u6700\u5927\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u6350\u52a9\u8005\uff0c\u603b\u5171\u6350\u4e86\u7ea6200\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u5efa\u4e86\u4e09\u5ea7\u697c\u3002\u683c\u6797\u7684\u9057\u4ea7\u6700\u7ec8\u90fd\u8d60\u4e88\u7ebd\u7ea6\u5927\u5b66\u548c\u7ebd\u7ea6\u7684\u533b\u9662\u3002\u76f4\u81f3\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9e26\u7247\u5bcc\u5546\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u4ecd\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u65b0\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u5730\u533a\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u8857\u540d\u3002<\/p>\n

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<\/div>\n

19\u4e16\u7eaa\u540e\u534a\u671f\u65e7\u91d1\u5c71\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fa\u79df\u5c4b\u91cc\u7684\u9e26\u7247\u70df\u5e97\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u82e6\u5de5\u4eec\u6b63\u5728\u62bd\u9e26\u7247\u70df<\/p>\n

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\u5c3e\u58f0<\/strong><\/p>\n

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<\/div>\n

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