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1928\u5e7410\u6708\u6c5f\u82cf\u91d1\u575b\u66b4\u52a8\uff0c\u4e8b\u5148\u4e89\u53d6\u4e86\u7684\u827e\u5c0f\u6839\u7684\u5200\u4f1a\u6ca1\u6709\u5b9e\u8df5\u8bfa\u8a00\u3002\u540e\u6765\u6c5f\u82cf\u7701\u59d4\u7b56\u52a8\u6cd7\u5dde\u3001\u9ec4\u53e3\u66b4\u52a8\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u501f\u7528\u571f\u532a\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4e5f\u906d\u5230\u5931\u8d25\u3002[12] 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[14]\u5fc5\u7136\u662f\u79cb\u6536\u66b4\u52a8\u540e\u5404\u5730\u515a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u575a\u6301\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7b56\u7565\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1927\u5e74\u79cb\u6536\u66b4\u52a8\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u79fb\u5e08\u5b81\u5188\uff0c\u5bf9\u6d2a\u4f1a\u9996\u9886\u738b\u4f50\u3001\u8881\u6587\u624d\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u6210\u529f[15]\u30021928\u5e74\u738b\u4f50\u3001\u8881\u6587\u624d\u7684\u6b66\u88c5\u4e5f\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u6539\u7f16\u3002\u6709\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u4e0e\u738b\u4f50\u804a\u5929\uff0c\u542c\u8bf4\u4e95\u5188\u7eff\u6797\u201c\u6731\u804b\u5b50\u201d\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u4e4b\u9053\u662f\u201c\u4e0d\u8981\u4f1a\u6253\u4ed7\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u4f1a\u6253\u5708\u201d\uff0c\u6df1\u53d7\u542f\u53d1\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u5c31\u603b\u7ed3\u4e86\u8457\u540d\u7684\u6e38\u51fb\u6218\u672f\u5341\u516d\u5b57\u8bc0\u3002[16] 1927\u5e74\u5e95\u8d3a\u9f99\u3001\u5468\u9038\u7fa4\u524d\u5f80\u79d8\u5bc6\u793e\u4f1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u666e\u904d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6e58\u9102\u897f\u5730\u533a\u5f00\u8f9f\u6839\u636e\u5730\u3002\u8d3a\u9f99\u7b49\u4eba\u5bf9\u79d8\u5bc6\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u9996\u9886\u91c7\u53d6\u4e89\u53d6\u548c\u5206\u5316\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\u7684\u529e\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u4f9d\u9760\u548c\u53d1\u52a8\u7fa4\u4f17\u6d88\u706d\u53cd\u52a8\u79d8\u5bc6\u793e\u4f1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c11\u79d8\u5bc6\u793e\u4f1a\u6210\u5458\u52a0\u5165\u4e86\u9769\u547d\u961f\u4f0d\u3002[17] 1929\u5e741\u6708\uff0c\u8d3a\u9f99\u5728\u9e64\u5cf0\u53bf\u90ac\u9633\u5173\u73ed\u7af9\u56ed\u6210\u529f\u5730\u6536\u7f16\u4e86\u9648\u8fde\u632f\u3001\u9648\u5b97\u745c\u7236\u5b50\u7684\u201c\u795e\u5175\u201d\u4e8c\u767e\u591a\u4eba\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u6539\u7f16\u4e3a\u5de5\u519c\u9769\u547d\u519b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7279\u79d1\u5927\u961f\u3002[18] 5\u30016\u6708\u4efd\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u652f\u6536\u7f16\u7684\u201c\u795e\u5175\u201d\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u7ec4\u5efa\u4e86\u6e58\u9102\u8fb9\u7ea2\u519b\u7b2c\u56db\u56e2\u3002\u8fd9\u652f\u961f\u4f0d\u7528\u7ea2\u5e03\u7f20\u5934\uff0c\u559d\u201c\u795e\u6c34\u201d\u501f\u529b\uff0c\u4f5c\u6218\u52c7\u6562\uff0c\u53f7\u79f0\u201c\u795e\u5175\u56e2\u201d\u3002[19] 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1929\u5e7410\u6708\uff0c\u4e2d\u5171\u5728\u7b79\u5907\u9f99\u5dde\u8d77\u4e49\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8f6f\u786c\u517c\u65bd\uff0c\u6536\u7f16\u4e86\u517b\u5229\u3001\u5de6\u53bf\u4e00\u5e26\u7684\u571f\u532a\u5934\u5b50\u51af\u98de\u9f99\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u8def\u6e38\u51fb\u53f8\u4ee4\uff0c\u6536\u7f16\u9f99\u5dde\u571f\u532a\u5934\u5b50\u9ec4\u98de\u864e\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8def\u6e38\u51fb\u53f8\u4ee4\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u5927\u9752\u5c71\u571f\u532a\u5468\u5efa\u9f0e\u3001\u4e0b\u79c0\u571f\u532a\u9648\u654f\u826f\u7684\u90e8\u961f\uff09\uff0c\u6536\u7f16\u571f\u532a\u949f\u663e\u7ae0\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e09\u8def\u6e38\u51fb\u53f8\u4ee4\uff0c\u9f99\u5dde\u8d77\u4e49\u5f97\u4ee5\u987a\u5229\u8fdb\u884c\u3002[21]<\/p>\n<p>1929\u5e74\u4e0a\u534a\u5e74\uff0c\u7ea2\u56db\u519b\u5165\u95fd\uff0c\u4f1a\u515a\u548c\u571f\u532a\u6210\u4e86\u5404\u65b9\u4e89\u53d6\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u7edf\u6cbb\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u6311\u62e8\uff0c\u95fd\u897f\u7684\u5927\u5200\u4f1a\u65f6\u5e38\u4e0e\u7ea2\u519b\u53d1\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u7ea2\u519b\u96c6\u4e2d\u529b\u91cf\u4e89\u53d6\u5728\u5efa\u74ef\u3001\u677e\u6eaa\u3001\u653f\u548c\u4e00\u5e26\u62e5\u6709\u4e07\u4f59\u4f1a\u4f17\u7684\u5927\u5200\u4f1a\u9996\u9886\u6797\u7199\u660e\u3002\u7ecf\u8fc7\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u6797\u7199\u660e\u4e0e\u7ea2\u519b\u8d1f\u8d23\u4eba\u9ec4\u7acb\u8d35\u7b49\u5403\u9e21\u8840\u9152\u79f0\u8d77\u4e86\u5144\u5f1f\u3002\u540e\u6765\u7ea2\u519b\u53c8\u901a\u8fc7\u6797\u7199\u660e\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4e89\u53d6\u4e86\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4f1a\u4f17\u3002[22] 1929\u5e744\u67085\u65e5\u7ea2\u56db\u519b\u524d\u59d4\u81f4\u4e2d\u592e\u7684\u4fe1\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\uff0c\u571f\u532a\u4e09\u767e\u591a\u4eba\u3001\u4e8c\u767e\u591a\u67aa\u88ab\u7f16\u4e3a\u7ea2\u519b\u72ec\u7acb\u8425\u3002[23] 1929\u5e745\u670826\u65e5\uff0c\u798f\u5efa\u7701\u59d4\u81f4\u7ea2\u56db\u519b\u524d\u59d4\u4fe1\uff0c\u63d0\u5230\u4e86\u6f33\u5dde\u3001\u6cc9\u5dde\u4e00\u5e26\u7684\u571f\u532a\u5e0c\u671b\u88ab\u6536\u7f16\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002[24] 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[28]\u4e2d\u5171\u7684\u79d8\u5bc6\u793e\u4f1a\u5de5\u4f5c\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u9632\u6b62\u4e86\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u5bf9\u79d8\u5bc6\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5229\u7528\uff0c\u6269\u5927\u4e86\u7ea2\u519b\u7684\u961f\u4f0d\u548c\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4e3a\u6839\u636e\u5730\u5404\u9879\u5de5\u4f5c\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u5728\u5c40\u90e8\u5730\u533a\u8fd8\u5e2e\u52a9\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u7ea2\u519b\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u751f\u6d3b\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e8c<\/p>\n<p>\u4e2d\u5171\u7684\u79d8\u5bc6\u793e\u4f1a\u5de5\u4f5c\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4e0b\u5c42\u7edf\u4e00\u6218\u7ebf\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u5728\u4e8e\u4e89\u53d6\u540c\u76df\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u6269\u5927\u4e2d\u5171\u7684\u519b\u4e8b\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u4fbf\u4e8e\u5f00\u5c55\u6839\u636e\u5730\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u80fd\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u79d8\u5bc6\u793e\u4f1a\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u6027\u8d28\u548c\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u7edd\u5bf9\u5730\u5f3a\u8c03\u79d8\u5bc6\u793e\u4f1a\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u7684\u5176\u5b83\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u5fc5\u7136\u7ed9\u6839\u636e\u5730\u7684\u5176\u5b83\u5de5\u4f5c\u9020\u6210\u4e0d\u5229\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u4e2d\u5171\u515a\u5185\u7684\u5de6\u503e\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u8def\u7ebf\u662f\u9020\u6210\u79d8\u5bc6\u793e\u4f1a\u5de5\u4f5c\u66f2\u6298\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u5176\u4e3b\u8981\u8868\u73b0\u662f\uff1a\u5bf9\u4e8e\u79d8\u5bc6\u793e\u4f1a\u91c7\u53d6\u5173\u95e8\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u4e0d\u91cd\u89c6\u5206\u6790\u5176\u9636\u7ea7\u6027\u8d28\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e89\u53d6\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff1b\u5728\u63d0\u9ad8\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u540d\u4e49\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e0d\u987e\u5ba2\u89c2\u5f62\u52bf\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u5426\u52a0\u5165\u9769\u547d\u961f\u4f0d\uff0c\u4e0d\u8bba\u5bf9\u9769\u547d\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u5bf9\u5176\u4e00\u5f8b\u91c7\u53d6\u6253\u51fb\u3001\u6d88\u706d\u548c\u201c\u6e05\u6d17\u201d\u653f\u7b56\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1928\u5e747\u6708\u4e2d\u5171\u516d\u5927\u6240\u505a\u7684\u51b3\u8bae\uff0c\u5bf9\u79d8\u5bc6\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4ee5\u53ca\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u6307\u5bfc\u5c31\u6709\u5de6\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u3002\u51b3\u8bae\u201c\u5bf9\u571f\u532a\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u201c\u4e0e\u571f\u532a\u6216\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u56e2\u4f53\u8054\u76df\u4ec5\u5728\u6b66\u88c5\u8d77\u4e49\u524d\u9002\u7528\uff0c\u6b66\u88c5\u8d77\u4e49\u4e4b\u540e\u5b9c\u89e3\u9664\u5176\u6b66\u88c5\uff0c\u5e76\u4e25\u5389\u5730\u9547\u538b\u4ed6\u4eec\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4fdd\u6301\u5730\u65b9\u79e9\u5e8f\u548c\u907f\u514d\u53cd\u9769\u547d\u7684\u5934\u9886\u6b7b\u7070\u590d\u71c3\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u9996\u9886\u5e94\u5f53\u4f5c\u53cd\u9769\u547d\u7684\u9996\u9886\u770b\u5f85\uff0c\u5373\u4ee4\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e2e\u52a9\u6b66\u88c5\u8d77\u4e49\u4ea6\u5e94\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u8fd9\u7c7b\u9996\u9886\u5747\u5e94\u5b8c\u5168\u6b7c\u9664\u3002\u8ba9\u571f\u532a\u6df1\u5165\u9769\u547d\u519b\u961f\u6216\u653f\u5e9c\u4e2d\uff0c\u662f\u5371\u9669\u5f02\u5e38\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5206\u5b50\u5fc5\u987b\u4ece\u9769\u547d\u519b\u961f\u548c\u653f\u5e9c\u673a\u5173\u4e2d\u9a71\u9010\u51fa\u53bb\uff0c\u5373\u5176\u6700\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4ea6\u53ea\u80fd\u5229\u7528\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u654c\u4eba\u540e\u65b9\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u7edd\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e8e\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u653f\u5e9c\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u3002\u201d [29] 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[46] \u901a\u8fc7\u603b\u7ed3\u6559\u8bad\uff0c1927\u5e748\u6708\u4e2d\u5171\u6cb3\u5357\u519c\u8fd0\u62a5\u544a\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5229\u7528\u67aa\u4f1a\u9996\u9886\u4e0e\u7fa4\u4f17\u4e4b\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u505a\u5206\u5316\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u3002[47] 9\u67084\u65e5\u6cb3\u5357\u7701\u59d4\u53c8\u63d0\u51fa\u201c\u6253\u5165\u67aa\u4f1a\u4e2d\u53bb\uff0c\u53d6\u5f97\u4f20\u5e08\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u6811\u7acb\u9996\u9886\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u7834\u574f\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u9886\u5bfc\u4e0b\u7684\u9769\u547d\u52bf\u529b\u201d\u7b49\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002[48] 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[55] 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