{"id":50250,"date":"2025-04-29T07:42:23","date_gmt":"2025-04-28T23:42:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/?p=50250"},"modified":"2025-04-29T07:42:23","modified_gmt":"2025-04-28T23:42:23","slug":"%e4%bb%8e%e5%b8%ae%e5%bf%99%e7%9c%8b%e5%ad%a9%e5%ad%90%e5%88%b0%e4%b8%ba%e5%85%b1%e4%ba%a7%e4%b8%bb%e4%b9%89%e5%9f%b9%e8%82%b2%e5%b9%bc%e8%8b%97","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/?p=50250","title":{"rendered":"\u4ece\u201c\u5e2e\u5fd9\u770b\u5b69\u5b50\u201d\u5230\u201c\u4e3a\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u57f9\u80b2\u5e7c\u82d7\u201d \u2014\u2014\u5c71\u4e1c\u519c\u6751\u4fdd\u6559\u4eba\u5458\u7814\u7a76(1951-1961)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u4f5c\u8005: \u4e07\u7b11\u7537\u3001\u6731\u4e3d\u4e3d\u00a0 \u6765\u6e90: \u5987\u5973\u7814\u7a76\u8bba\u4e1b<\/p>\n<p>\u5987\u5973\u89e3\u653e\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u9769\u547d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u8bae\u9898\uff0c\u800c\u519c\u6751\u5987\u5973\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u8fd9\u4e00\u793e\u4f1a\u9769\u547d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u52a8\u5458\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u53c2\u4e0e\u4e3b\u4f53\u3002\u201c\u5728\u7ecf\u5178\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5987\u5973\u89e3\u653e\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\uff0c\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u516c\u5171\u517b\u80b2\u3001\u5bb6\u52a1\u52b3\u52a8\u793e\u4f1a\u5316\u4e0e\u5987\u5973\u53c2\u52a0\u793e\u4f1a\u52b3\u52a8\u3001\u5b9e\u73b0\u89e3\u653e\u3001\u7537\u5973\u5e73\u7b49\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4f53\u4e24\u9762\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u4f53\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u5987\u5973\u89e3\u653e\u8def\u5f84\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u201d[1]\u8fd9\u4e00\u7406\u8bba\u6df1\u523b\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u5bf9\u5987\u5973\u89e3\u653e\u8bae\u7a0b\u7684\u8bbe\u60f3\u4e0e\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u5236\u5b9a\u3002\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u65e9\u671f\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u8fdb\u884c\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u5bb6\u5efa\u8bbe\u548c\u5f7b\u5e95\u5b9e\u73b0\u5987\u5973\u89e3\u653e\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5ba3\u4f20\uff0c\u52a8\u5458\u519c\u6751\u5987\u5973\u8d70\u51fa\u5bb6\u5ead\uff0c\u6295\u8eab\u751f\u4ea7\u52b3\u52a8\u3002\u4e3a\u201c\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u53d1\u52a8\u548c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5e7f\u5927\u5987\u5973\u79ef\u6781\u53c2\u52a0\u751f\u4ea7\u5efa\u8bbe\u201d\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u7167\u6599\u5b69\u5b50\u5bf9\u5987\u5973\u53c2\u52a0\u52b3\u52a8\u7684\u7275\u7d2f\uff1b\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u201c\u4f7f\u5b69\u5b50\u80fd\u591f\u5f97\u5230\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u7167\u987e\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5b69\u5b50\u5065\u5eb7\u201d[2]\uff0c\u519c\u6751\u6258\u513f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5730\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u6b63\u662f\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u519c\u6751\u4fdd\u6559\u7fa4\u4f53\u5e94\u8fd0\u800c\u751f\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4fdd\u6559\u4eba\u5458\u505a\u7684\u662f\u201c\u770b\u5b69\u5b50\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u4f20\u7edf\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u5bb6\u52a1\u52b3\u52a8\uff0c\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u4f3a\u5019\u4eba\u201d\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5bf9\u519c\u6751\u5973\u6027\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u3002\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e3a\u4e86\u9f13\u52b1\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u5973\u6027\u5168\u8eab\u5fc3\u5730\u4ece\u4e8b\u4fdd\u6559\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u52aa\u529b\u63a8\u52a8\u513f\u7ae5\u7167\u7ba1\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5316\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u4ece\u518d\u751f\u4ea7\u9886\u57df\u8fdb\u5165\u751f\u4ea7\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u5219\u5bf9\u519c\u6751\u4fdd\u80b2\u7fa4\u4f53\u8fdb\u884c\u804c\u4e1a\u57f9\u8bad\u548c\u8eab\u4efd\u91cd\u5851\uff0c\u4f7f\u4fdd\u6559\u4eba\u5458\u4ece\u201c\u5e2e\u5fd9\u770b\u5b69\u5b50\u201d\u7684\u4eba\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u201c\u4e3a\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u57f9\u5e7c\u82d7\u201d\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u6559\u80b2\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\u3002\u56fd\u5bb6\u5bf9\u519c\u6751\u4fdd\u6559\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u91cd\u5851\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u5f70\u663e\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u5728\u5987\u5973\u89e3\u653e\u4e0e\u91cd\u6784\u4e61\u6751\u793e\u4f1a\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u62b1\u8d1f\u4e0e\u52aa\u529b\u3002\u56e0\u800c\uff0c\u5bf9\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u65e9\u671f\u519c\u6751\u4fdd\u6559\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u4e2a\u6848\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u80fd\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u7406\u89e3\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u5987\u5973\u89e3\u653e\u8fd0\u52a8\u63d0\u4f9b\u65b0\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\uff0c\u66f4\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u8003\u5bdf\u56fd\u5bb6\u653f\u7b56\u5728\u519c\u6751\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u56fd\u5bb6\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u501f\u52a9\u201c\u6027\u522b\u7b56\u7565\u201d\u5c06\u4e3b\u6d41\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u5ff5\u6e17\u900f\u4e8e\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u5e76\u5f15\u8d77\u4e61\u6751\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u6df1\u523b\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u53f2\u5b66\u754c\u4ee5\u96c6\u4f53\u5316\u65f6\u671f\u519c\u6751\u5987\u5973\u4e3a\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6210\u679c\u76f8\u5f53\u4e30\u7855(1)\uff0c\u4f46\u7814\u7a76\u7126\u70b9\u5927\u90fd\u653e\u5728\u53c2\u52a0\u519c\u4e1a\u751f\u4ea7\u52b3\u52a8\u7684\u5987\u5973\u8eab\u4e0a\uff0c\u5bf9\u519c\u6751\u4fdd\u6559\u7fa4\u7684\u4e2a\u6848\u7814\u7a76\u5c1a\u4e0d\u591a\u89c1\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b66\u8005\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u4fdd\u80b2\u4e8b\u4e1a\u6216\u6258\u513f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u65f6\uff0c\u5bf9\u4fdd\u6559\u7fa4\u4f53\u6709\u6240\u5173\u6ce8\u3002\u97e9\u6653\u8389\u7684\u300a\u4ece\u519c\u5fd9\u6258\u513f\u6240\u5230\u6a21\u8303\u5e7c\u513f\u56ed\uff1a20\u4e16\u7eaa50\u5e74\u4ee3\u5c71\u897f\u7701\u519c\u6751\u7684\u5e7c\u513f\u6258\u7ba1\u7ec4\u7ec7\u300b\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u4f34\u968f\u5c71\u897f\u7701\u519c\u6751\u5e7c\u513f\u6258\u7ba1\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7531\u519c\u5fd9\u6258\u513f\u6240\u5230\u6a21\u8303\u5e7c\u513f\u56ed\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u53d8\u8fc1\uff0c\u4fdd\u6559\u4eba\u5458\u9010\u6e10\u4e5f\u7531\u7f3a\u4e4f\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u7684\u8001\u5e74\u5987\u5973\u53d8\u4e3a\u653f\u6cbb\u8868\u73b0\u7a81\u51fa\u7684\u9752\u5e74\u5987\u5973\u9aa8\u5e72\uff0c\u5e76\u5b9a\u671f\u63a5\u53d7\u4e1a\u52a1\u6280\u80fd\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u57f9\u8bad[3]\u3002\u738b\u5229\u5a1f\u7684\u300a\u8bba\u65b0\u4e2d\u56fd\u6210\u7acb\u521d\u671f\u5929\u6d25\u5e02\u7684\u513f\u7ae5\u4fdd\u80b2\u4e8b\u4e1a\u300b\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u56fd\u5bb6\u5bf9\u4fdd\u6559\u7fa4\u4f53\u8fdb\u884c\u57f9\u517b\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u548c\u57fa\u672c\u5185\u5bb9[4]\u3002\u7fdf\u83c1\u7684\u300a\u96c6\u4f53\u5316\u4e0b\u7684\u7ae5\u5e74\uff1a\u201c\u5927\u8dc3\u8fdb\u201d\u65f6\u671f\u519c\u6751\u5e7c\u513f\u56ed\u7814\u7a76\u300b\u4ee5\u6cb3\u5357\u7701\u6e11\u6c60\u53bf\u4e3a\u4e2a\u6848\uff0c\u4ece\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u53f2\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u91cd\u65b0\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5927\u8dc3\u8fdb\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u519c\u6751\u5e7c\u513f\u56ed\uff0c\u5448\u73b0\u56fd\u5bb6\u5982\u4f55\u53c2\u4e0e\u4e61\u6751\u751f\u6d3b\u4ee5\u53ca\u666e\u901a\u5987\u5973\u3001\u513f\u7ae5\u5728\u56fd\u5bb6\u63a8\u884c\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u96c6\u4f53\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u4f53\u9a8c\u3002\u7fdf\u83c1\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5927\u8dc3\u8fdb\u65f6\u671f\u5e7c\u513f\u56ed\u6559\u517b\u5458\u5728\u519c\u6751\u662f\u4e00\u4efd\u4ee4\u4eba\u7fa1\u6155\u548c\u5c0a\u656c\u7684\u804c\u4e1a\uff0c\u7ed9\u519c\u6751\u5973\u6027\u5f00\u542f\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u5c31\u4e1a\u673a\u4f1a[5]\u3002\u5f90\u660e\u5f3a\u3001\u5b8b\u5c11\u9e4f\u7684\u300a\u96c6\u4f53\u4e92\u52a9\u4e0e\u5987\u5973\u89e3\u653e\uff1a\u5317\u4eac\u5730\u533a\u8857\u9053\u6258\u513f\u673a\u6784\u7684\u5174\u8d77(1954-1957)\u300b\uff0c\u5448\u73b0\u4e86\u5317\u4eac\u5730\u533a\u8857\u9053\u6258\u5e7c\u673a\u6784\u7684\u5174\u8d77\u53ca\u8fd0\u884c\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u5176\u7ba1\u7406\u4f53\u5236\u3001\u5efa\u8bbe\u539f\u5219\u53ca\u4f4e\u6210\u672c\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u6587\u7ae0\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5728\u201c\u52e4\u4fed\u8282\u7ea6\u201d\u7684\u5efa\u8bbe\u539f\u5219\u6307\u5bfc\u4e0b\uff0c\u7fa4\u4f17\u6027\u8857\u9053\u6258\u513f\u673a\u6784\u5bf9\u5e08\u8d44\u529b\u91cf\u4e0d\u5217\u8fc7\u9ad8\u6807\u51c6\u3002\u5e08\u8d44\u961f\u4f0d\u57fa\u672c\u4e0d\u8981\u6c42\u5177\u5907\u4e13\u4e1a\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u5979\u4eec\u7684\u5de5\u8d44\u6c34\u5e73\u4e5f\u4e0d\u9ad8\uff0c\u5904\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u5e73\u5747\u6c34\u5e73\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u4fdd\u6559\u4eba\u5458\u4e0e\u793e\u533a\u9886\u5bfc\u53ca\u5a74\u5e7c\u513f\u7236\u6bcd\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u57fa\u4e8e\u719f\u4eba\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u4fe1\u4efb\u4e0e\u6258\u4ed8\uff0c\u4f53\u73b0\u51fa\u90bb\u91cc\u4e92\u52a9\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u4e0e\u96c6\u4f53\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u65b0\u9053\u5fb7[1]\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u9887\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u7b14\u8005\u4e86\u89e320\u4e16\u7eaa50\u5e74\u4ee3\u4fdd\u6559\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u3001\u57f9\u517b\u65b9\u5f0f\u3001\u804c\u4e1a\u8981\u6c42\u3001\u5728\u6751\u5e84\u6216\u793e\u533a\u53d1\u6325\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u7b49\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u4e0a\u7ed9\u7b14\u8005\u4ee5\u91cd\u8981\u542f\u793a\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u672c\u6587\u5c55\u5f00\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5df2\u6709\u6210\u679c\u5747\u5c06\u4fdd\u6559\u4eba\u5458\u89c6\u4e3a\u6258\u5e7c\u4e8b\u4e1a\u4e0d\u53ef\u7f3a\u5c11\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u800c\u975e\u79ef\u6781\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u3001\u8d21\u732e\u8005\uff0c\u5bf9\u5979\u4eec\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5386\u53f2\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u7684\u751f\u547d\u4f53\u9a8c\u4e5f\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5173\u6ce8\u3002\u8fd9\u4e3a\u7b14\u8005\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7559\u4e0b\u4e86\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u501f\u52a9\u6863\u6848\u3001\u62a5\u520a\u3001\u4fdd\u80b2\u5458\u624b\u518c\u53ca\u53e3\u8ff0\u8bbf\u8c08\u8d44\u6599\uff0c\u7b14\u8005\u5c06\u5c71\u4e1c\u519c\u6751\u4fdd\u6559\u7fa4\u4f53\u7f6e\u4e8e1949\u5e74\u4ee5\u540e\u4e2d\u56fd\u8ffd\u5bfb\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8109\u7edc\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u5979\u4eec\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u8eab\u4efd\u53d8\u8fc1\u52a0\u4ee5\u8003\u5bdf\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u7684\u9769\u547d\u529b\u91cf\u4ece20\u4e16\u7eaa30\u5e74\u4ee3\u665a\u671f\u5c31\u6e17\u900f\u81f3\u5c71\u4e1c\u591a\u6570\u519c\u6751\uff0c\u81f31946-1949\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5c71\u4e1c\u519c\u6c11\u5df2\u719f\u6089\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u653f\u7b56\u548c\u7fa4\u4f17\u52a8\u5458\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u4e0e\u5168\u56fd\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u65b9\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u5c71\u4e1c\u519c\u6751\u7684\u7fa4\u4f17\u57fa\u7840\u66f4\u597d\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e2d\u5171\u5404\u9879\u653f\u7b56\u843d\u5b9e\u5f97\u6bd4\u8f83\u65e9\u3001\u6bd4\u8f83\u597d\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u30021949\u5e74\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u7684\u6210\u7acb\u5bf9\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5c71\u4e1c\u519c\u6c11\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4e0e\u5176\u8bf4\u610f\u5473\u7740\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u5c06\u53d1\u751f\u5267\u53d8\uff0c\u4e0d\u5982\u8bf4\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5168\u56fd\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u65b9\u5c06\u53d8\u5f97\u548c\u5c71\u4e1c\u4e00\u6837(2)\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u65e9\u671f\u5c71\u4e1c\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u4e2a\u6848\u7814\u7a76\u5177\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u548c\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u8003\u5bdf\u4e2d\u5171\u653f\u7b56\u57281949\u5e74\u524d\u540e\u7684\u8fde\u7eed\u6027\u3001\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u65b0\u53d8\u5316\u3001\u5728\u519c\u6751\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u6a21\u5f0f\u7b49\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u4e0e\u5168\u56fd\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u533a\u4e2a\u6848\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5bf9\u7167\u4e2d\uff0c\u5448\u73b0\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u548c\u533a\u57df\u5316\u7684\u7279\u8272\u3002\u672c\u6587\u6b63\u662f\u4e0a\u8ff0\u53ef\u80fd\u65b9\u5411\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u6b21\u5c1d\u8bd5\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u519c\u6751\u4fdd\u6559\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u4e2a\u6848\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u56de\u7b54\u4ee5\u4e0b\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u56fd\u5bb6\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u52a8\u5458\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u5987\u5973\u52a0\u5165\u519c\u6751\u4fdd\u6559\u961f\u4f0d\u5e76\u91cd\u5851\u5979\u4eec\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u8eab\u4efd\u7684\uff1f\u5728\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b98\u65b9\u8bdd\u8bed\u7684\u652f\u6301\u4e0b\uff0c\u4fdd\u6559\u4eba\u5458\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u6295\u8eab\u4fdd\u6559\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5e76\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u8d62\u5f97\u5c0a\u91cd\u7684\uff1f\u5728\u56fd\u5bb6\u8bd5\u56fe\u5c06\u201c\u770b\u5b69\u5b50\u201d\u8fd9\u9879\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u5bb6\u52a1\u52b3\u52a8\u9010\u6e10\u793e\u4f1a\u5316\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u519c\u6c11\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u54ea\u4e9b\u53d8\u5316\uff1f\u4fdd\u6559\u4eba\u5458\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u626e\u6f14\u4e86\u600e\u6837\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff1f\u968f\u7740\u519c\u6751\u4fdd\u6559\u7fa4\u4f53\u9010\u6e10\u6de1\u51fa\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e3b\u6d41\u8bdd\u8bed\uff0c\u5979\u4eec\u66fe\u7ecf\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\u7559\u4e0b\u4e86\u600e\u6837\u7684\u5370\u8bb0\uff1f<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/jiliuwang.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/20210104071653_74793.jpg\" alt=\"\u4ece\u201c\u5e2e\u5fd9\u770b\u5b69\u5b50\u201d\u5230\u201c\u4e3a\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u57f9\u80b2\u5e7c\u82d7\u201d \u2014\u2014\u5c71\u4e1c\u519c\u6751\u4fdd\u6559\u4eba\u5458\u7814\u7a76(1951-1961)-\u6fc0\u6d41\u7f51\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4e00\u3001\u6258\u5e7c\u4e8b\u4e1a\u521d\u6210\uff1a\u52a8\u5458\u8001\u5e74\u5987\u5973\u201c\u5e2e\u5fd9\u770b\u5b69\u5b50\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u65e9\u5728\u6297\u65e5\u6218\u4e89\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u5c71\u4e1c\u519c\u6751\u5987\u5973\u5c31\u6709\u53c2\u52a0\u513f\u7ae5\u516c\u80b2\u7684\u7ecf\u5386\u300220\u4e16\u7eaa40\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\uff0c\u4f34\u968f\u8001\u89e3\u653e\u533a\u571f\u5730\u6539\u9769\u7684\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u519c\u6751\u5987\u5973\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5730\u52a8\u5458\u8d77\u6765\u53c2\u52a0\u751f\u4ea7\u52b3\u52a8\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u8ba9\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5987\u5973\u5b89\u5fc3\u53c2\u52a0\u52b3\u52a8\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u6751\u5b50\u5f00\u59cb\u6210\u7acb\u6362\u5de5\u611f\u60c5\u4e92\u52a9\u7ec4\uff0c\u53d1\u52a8\u4e0d\u80fd\u53c2\u52a0\u751f\u4ea7\u52b3\u52a8\u7684\u8001\u5e74\u5987\u5973\u5e2e\u5fd9\u770b\u5b69\u5b50\uff0c\u5b69\u5b50\u6bcd\u4eb2\u5219\u5e2e\u52a9\u8001\u5e74\u5987\u5973\u79cd\u5730\u3001\u505a\u4e9b\u9488\u7ebf\u6d3b\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4e70\u4e2a\u793c\u7269\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8001\u5e74\u5987\u5973\u770b\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u916c\u52b3[6]\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8d1f\u8d23\u770b\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u8001\u5e74\u5987\u5973\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u519c\u6751\u4fdd\u80b2\u5458\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6570\u91cf\u5f88\u5c11\uff0c\u4f46\u5979\u4eec\u628a\u5206\u6563\u7684\u513f\u7ae5\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u8fdb\u884c\u7167\u7ba1\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6362\u5de5\u611f\u60c5\u4e92\u52a9\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e3a1949\u5e74\u540e\u5c71\u4e1c\u519c\u6751\u6258\u513f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u63a8\u5e7f\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7ecf\u9a8c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1951\u5e74\uff0c\u4ee5\u652f\u63f4\u5de5\u4e1a\u539f\u6599\u548c\u6297\u7f8e\u63f4\u671d\u4e3a\u76ee\u7684\u7684\u201c\u7231\u56fd\u4e30\u4ea7\u8fd0\u52a8\u201d\u5728\u5168\u56fd\u5c55\u5f00\u3002\u5c71\u4e1c\u5404\u5730\u91c7\u7528\u201c\u8ba2\u7acb\u7231\u56fd\u516c\u7ea6\u201d\u201c\u589e\u4ea7\u8ba1\u5212\u201d\u7b49\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u52a8\u5458\u519c\u6751\u9752\u58ee\u5e74\u5987\u5973\u53c2\u52a0\u4e92\u52a9\u7ec4\u548c\u519c\u4e1a\u751f\u4ea7\u3002\u4f46\u5987\u5973\u4e0b\u5730\u5e72\u6d3b\u65f6\uff0c\u5b69\u5b50\u56e0\u65e0\u4eba\u7167\u6599\u9891\u7e41\u53d1\u751f\u4f24\u4ea1\u4e8b\u6545\uff0c\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u5987\u5973\u53c2\u52a0\u751f\u4ea7\u52b3\u52a8\u7684\u79ef\u6781\u6027\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u201c\u5b69\u5b50\u770b\u5f97\u597d\uff0c\u751f\u4ea7\u641e\u5f97\u597d\u201d\u7684\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u5404\u7ea7\u5987\u8054\u53f7\u53ec\u793e\u7ec4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5efa\u7acb\u519c\u5fd9\u6258\u513f\u7ec4\u7ec7[6]\u3002\u8fd9\u4fc3\u4f7f\u519c\u6751\u4fdd\u6559\u4eba\u5458\u5927\u91cf\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e24\u5e74\u591a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u52301953\u5e746\u6708\uff0c\u201c\u5168\u7701\u6709\u6258\u513f\u7ec4\u4e00\u4e07\u4e94\u5343\u4e00\u767e\u96f6\u56db\u5904\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u7ea6\u8ba1\u6536\u5bb9\u516d\u5468\u5c81\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u5341\u4e07\u4e5d\u5343\u4e8c\u767e\u4e5d\u5341\u56db\u540d\u201d[2]\u3002\u968f\u7740\u519c\u5fd9\u6258\u513f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u8fc5\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u519c\u6751\u4fdd\u6559\u7fa4\u4f53\u4ea6\u521d\u5177\u89c4\u6a21\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u519c\u5fd9\u6258\u513f\u7ec4\u7684\u7b79\u5efa\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5e76\u4e0d\u987a\u5229\u3002\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u6bcd\u4eb2\u987e\u8651\u91cd\u91cd\uff0c\u4e0d\u613f\u610f\u63a5\u53d7\u519c\u5fd9\u6258\u513f\u7ec4\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b0\u9c9c\u4e8b\u7269\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u201c\u6015\u4fdd\u59c6\u7167\u987e\u4e0d\u597d\uff0c\u6015\u5b69\u5b50\u53d7\u5c48\u3001\u6015\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u201d\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u201c\u6015\u5b69\u5b50\u6e34\u997f\uff0c\u73a9\u4e0d\u5230\u4e00\u5757\u6253\u67b6\u201d[7]\u3002\u9488\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5c71\u4e1c\u5404\u5730\u5987\u8054\u6df1\u5165\u7ec6\u81f4\u5730\u7ed9\u6bcd\u4eb2\u4eec\u505a\u601d\u60f3\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u83b1\u9633\u4e13\u533a\u6396\u53bf(3)\u6c11\u4e3b\u5987\u8054\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u5458\u5148\u627e\u5bb6\u91cc\u7f3a\u7537\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u3001\u5b69\u5b50\u591a\u3001\u6709\u53c2\u52a0\u519c\u4e1a\u751f\u4ea7\u4e60\u60ef\u7684\u6bcd\u4eb2\u4eec\u8c08\u8bdd\uff0c\u65e2\u5bf9\u5979\u4eec\u8fdb\u884c\u7231\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u53c8\u5e2e\u5979\u4eec\u6d88\u9664\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u987e\u8651\u3002\u5987\u8054\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u5458\u544a\u8bc9\u5b69\u5b50\u6bcd\u4eb2\uff1a\u201c\u53ea\u6709\u53c2\u52a0\u751f\u4ea7\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u5f7b\u5e95\u89e3\u653e\uff0c\u6446\u8131\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u7275\u7d2f\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u66f4\u5b89\u5fc3\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\uff0c\u589e\u4ea7\u4e30\u6536\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u6297\u7f8e\u63f4\u671d\u548c\u5efa\u8bbe\u7956\u56fd\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u3002\u518d\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b69\u5b50\u8ddf\u7740\u5a18\u4e0b\u5730\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6d3b\u53d7\u7f6a\uff0c\u6709\u4eba\u7167\u987e\u4e86\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u518d\u53d7\u98ce\u5439\u65e5\u6652\u7684\u75db\u82e6\uff0c\u4e0d\u51fa\u4e8b\u3002\u8fdb\u4e86\u6258\u513f\u7ec4\uff0c\u5b69\u5b50\u4eab\u4e86\u798f\uff0c\u5f53\u5a18\u7684\u4e5f\u7701\u5fc3\u3002\u201d[8]\u660c\u6f4d\u4e13\u533a\u5987\u8054\u7ed9\u6bcd\u4eb2\u4eec\u505a\u601d\u60f3\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u8ba9\u5979\u4eec\u201c\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u5b89\u7f6e\u5b69\u5b50\u540e\u5b89\u5fc3\u751f\u4ea7\u4e0e\u63d0\u9ad8\u5bb6\u5ead\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u5730\u4f4d\u53ca\u5987\u5973\u89e3\u653e\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u201d[9]\uff1b\u8fd8\u7ed9\u6bcd\u4eb2\u4eec\u4e3e\u4e00\u4e9b\u53cd\u9762\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u8ba9\u5979\u4eec\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u5b69\u5b50\u9001\u5230\u6258\u513f\u7ec4\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u201c\u5982\u5f20\u6842\u82f1\u4e0a\u5761\u65f6\u628a\u5b69\u5b50\u9501\u5728\u5c4b\u91cc\uff0c\u56de\u6765\u540e\u5b69\u5b50\u5df2\u628a\u56f4\u7740\u7684\u88ab\u8499\u5230\u5934\u4e0a\u95f7\u7684\u8138\u4e0a\u53d1\u7d2b\uff1b\u674e\u4ef2\u5802\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u88ab\u5e26\u5230\u5761\u91cc\u53bb\u6652\u75c5\u4e86\uff1b\u59dc\u5174\u745e\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u5728\u5bb6\u91cc\u559d\u4e86\u6d0b\u6cb9\u7b49\u3002\u201d[9]\u4e3a\u4e86\u8fbe\u5230\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u52a8\u5458\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u5987\u8054\u8fd8\u8bf7\u4e00\u4e9b\u6bcd\u4eb2\u62c5\u4efb\u5ba3\u4f20\u5458\uff0c\u5411\u5176\u4ed6\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u6bcd\u4eb2\u73b0\u8eab\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u8bb2\u8ff0\u81ea\u5df1\u4e0b\u5730\u5e72\u6d3b\uff0c\u628a\u5b69\u5b50\u653e\u5728\u5bb6\u91cc\u6ca1\u4eba\u7ba1\u6216\u7531\u5927\u5b69\u5b50\u4ee3\u7ba1\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u906d\u9047\u4e0d\u5e78\u7684\u7ecf\u5386[9]\u3002\u6cf0\u5b89\u4e13\u533a\u5987\u8054\u7528\u80a5\u57ce\u4e94\u533a\u9648\u8a00\u9022\u5bb6\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u8ba9\u6bcd\u4eb2\u4eec\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\uff0c\u5b69\u5b50\u4e0d\u9001\u6258\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5f71\u54cd\u751f\u4ea7\u548c\u5b69\u5b50\u5065\u5eb7\uff0c\u8fd8\u5f71\u54cd\u5bb6\u5ead\u548c\u7766\u3002\u9648\u8a00\u9022\u5bb6\u201c\u6709\u4e5d\u4ea9\u5730\u4e03\u53e3\u4eba\uff0c\u4e09\u4e2a\u5c0f\u5b69\u3002\u539f\u6765\u53ea\u4ed6\u4e00\u4eba\u53c2\u52a0\u751f\u4ea7\uff0c\u5bb6\u4eba\u7ecf\u5e38\u5403\u4e0d\u9971\u201d[10]\u3002\u4ed6\u7ecf\u5e38\u56e0\u4e3a\u5e72\u6d3b\u592a\u7d2f\uff0c\u5fc3\u60c5\u4e0d\u597d\uff0c\u201c\u56de\u5bb6\u6253\u8001\u5a46\u9a82\u5b69\u5b50\uff0c\u5acc\u5403\u996d\u7684\u4eba\u591a\uff0c\u5e72\u6d3b\u7684\u4eba\u5c11\u201d[10]\u3002\u540e\u6765\uff0c\u9648\u8a00\u9022\u5bb6\u628a\u5b69\u5b50\u9001\u53bb\u6258\u513f\u6240\uff0c\u201c\u4ed6\u8001\u5a46\u4e5f\u7ecf\u5e38\u4e0a\u5761\u5e72\u6d3b\uff0c\u5bb6\u91cc\u7cae\u98df\u591a\u4e86\uff0c\u4e24\u53e3\u5b50\u4e5f\u4e0d\u6253\u67b6\u4e86\u201d[10]\u3002\u5728\u5404\u5730\u5987\u8054\u591a\u65b9\u52aa\u529b\u4e0b\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u5b69\u5b50\u6bcd\u4eb2\u5f00\u59cb\u63a5\u53d7\u519c\u5fd9\u6258\u513f\u7ec4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u505a\u5b69\u5b50\u6bcd\u4eb2\u601d\u60f3\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5404\u5730\u5987\u8054\u8fd8\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u4eba\u62c5\u4efb\u4fdd\u80b2\u5458\u662f\u6bcd\u4eb2\u4eec\u6700\u5173\u5fc3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u6258\u513f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u80fd\u5426\u987a\u5229\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u5987\u8054\u4e3b\u8981\u52a8\u5458\u201c\u6027\u60c5\u597d\u201d\u201c\u4e0d\u80fd\u53c2\u52a0\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u751f\u4ea7\u201d\u201c\u559c\u6b22\u5c0f\u5b69\u201d\u7684\u8001\u5e74\u5987\u5973\u6765\u505a\u4fdd\u80b2\u5458[7]\u3002\u5c71\u4e1c\u7701\u5987\u8054\u4e5f\u57281953\u5e74\u660e\u786e\u89c4\u5b9a\uff1a\u4fdd\u80b2\u5458\u8981\u5438\u6536\u65e0\u52b3\u529b\u7684\u5987\u5973\u6216\u534a\u52b3\u529b\u7684\u5987\u5973\u4e3a\u4e3b\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u624d\u6bd4\u8f83\u66f4\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u751f\u4ea7[11]\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8001\u5927\u5a18\u4eec\u666e\u904d\u6709\u7740\u6015\u9ebb\u70e6\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u8001\u5927\u5a18\u8bf4\u201c\u628a\u4eba\u5bb6\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u770b\u574f\u4e86\uff0c\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u5a18\u8bf4\u4e09\u9053\u56db\uff0c\u51fa\u529b\u4e0d\u8ba8\u597d\u201d[8]\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u4e9b\u89c9\u5f97\u201c\u5b69\u5b50\u592a\u7f20\u4eba\uff0c\u5e26\u4e86\u4e00\u8f88\u5b50\u5b69\u5b50\u5e26\u4f24\u4e86\uff0c\u7d2f\u5f97\u80f3\u818a\u75bc\uff0c\u4e0d\u5982\u4e0b\u5730\u5e72\u6d3b\u201d[8]\u3002\u9488\u5bf9\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5987\u8054\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u5458\u5148\u7ed9\u5979\u4eec\u7b97\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8d26\uff1a\u201c\u8001\u4eba\u4e0b\u5730\u505a\u4e00\u5929\u8981\u6b47\u4e09\u5929\uff0c\u5f97\u4e0d\u4e86\u591a\u5c11\u5de5\u5206\uff0c\u7d2f\u75c5\u8fd8\u5f97\u8d39\u94b1\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u5e2e\u9752\u58ee\u5e74\u5987\u5973\u770b\u5b69\u5b50\uff0c\u6bd4\u81ea\u5df1\u4e0b\u5730\u5f3a\uff0c\u4e00\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3\u751f\u4ea7\uff0c\u8fd8\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u62a5\u916c\uff0c\u81ea\u5df1\u624b\u91cc\u5934\u4e0d\u56f0\u96be\u201d[8]\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u7b97\u597d\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8d26\uff0c\u5987\u8054\u8fd8\u5b9a\u671f\u5bf9\u8001\u5927\u5a18\u4eec\u8fdb\u884c\u7231\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u8ba9\u5979\u4eec\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u770b\u5b69\u5b50\u5c31\u662f\u7231\u56fd\u30021952\u5e748\u6708\uff0c\u804a\u57ce\u8398\u53bf\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e86\u5e7c\u7a1a\u56ed\u4fdd\u59c6\u8bad\u7ec3\u73ed\uff0c\u5411\u524d\u6765\u57f9\u8bad\u768454\u540d\u8001\u5927\u5a18\u201c\u8bb2\u89e3\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u5fd7\u613f\u519b\u5728\u671d\u9c9c\u524d\u7ebf\u4e0e\u7f8e\u5e1d\u82f1\u52c7\u575a\u5f3a\u6218\u6597\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u548c\u7f8e\u5e1d\u5bf9\u671d\u9c9c\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u6b8b\u66b4\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u524d\u540e\u65b9\u597d\u574f\u65f6\u5149\u7684\u5bf9\u6bd4\uff0c\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u5404\u4fdd\u59c6\u6765\u53c2\u52a0\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5bb6\u91cc\u4e8b\u591a\u548c\u505a\u8fd9\u5de5\u4f5c\u5fc3\u70e6\u3001\u4e0d\u60f3\u505a\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u601d\u60f3\u969c\u788d\u201d[12]\u3002\u7ecf\u8fc7\u57f9\u8bad\uff0c\u8001\u5927\u5a18\u4eec\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u770b\u597d\u5b69\u5b50\u5c31\u662f\u6297\u7f8e\u63f4\u671d\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u7231\u7956\u56fd\u3001\u7231\u540e\u4ee3\u3002\u5982\u8398\u53bf\u4e00\u533a\u571f\u697c\u8463\u79c0\u82f1\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u6765\u65f6\u600e\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5b89\u5fc3\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5bb6\u91cc\u5730\u91cc\u4e8b\u633a\u591a\uff0c\u6b63\u8fc7\u79cb\u3002\u542c\u5230\u5fd7\u613f\u519b\u5728\u524d\u65b9\u62fc\u547d\u3001\u6d41\u8840\uff0c\u4e3a\u54b1\u8fc7\u597d\u65e5\u5b50\uff0c\u54b1\u4e5f\u5f97\u7231\u54b1\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002\u6211\u8fd9\u4e48\u5927\u5e74\u7eaa\u5566\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u5b66\u4e60\u4e0d\u60f3\u5bb6\u91cc\u7684\u4e8b\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u5b89\u5fc3\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u5b66\u4f1a\u6210\u7acb\u6258\u513f\u6240\u5e7c\u7a1a\u56ed\u7684\u6cd5\uff0c\u56de\u53bb\u628a\u4ffa\u6751\u5c0f\u5b69\u7ec4\u7ec7\u597d\uff0c\u817e\u51fa\u5987\u5973\u4e0b\u5730\u751f\u4ea7\u3002\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u591a\u4e86\uff0c\u9001\u7ed9\u524d\u65b9\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u54b1\u7231\u56fd\u4e86\u3002\u201d[12]<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u505a\u901a\u5b69\u5b50\u6bcd\u4eb2\u548c\u770b\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u8001\u5e74\u5987\u5973\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u7528\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6258\u513f\u7ec4\u6210\u4e3a\u5173\u952e\u3002\u5404\u5730\u6839\u636e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u91c7\u53d6\u4e86\u7075\u6d3b\u591a\u6837\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f46\u603b\u4f53\u4e0a\u672c\u7740\u201c\u7edf\u4e00\u9886\u5bfc\u3001\u5206\u6563\u7ba1\u7406\u201d[9]\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u804a\u57ce\u8398\u53bf\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u591a\u4e2a\u5de5\u6362\u5de5\u8f6e\u6d41\u770b\u7ba1\u7684\u611f\u60c5\u7ec4\uff0c\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u201c\u6362\u5de5\u611f\u60c5\u4e92\u52a9\u7ec4\u201d[13]\u3002\u5148\u7531\u793e\u5458\u4ece\u6bd4\u8f83\u76f8\u719f\u7684\u8001\u5988\u5988\u4e2d\u627e\u4fdd\u80b2\u5458\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u201c\u5c55\u5f00\u513f\u7ae5\u5bb6\u957f\u4f1a\u8bae\uff0c\u8bc4\u8bae\u4fdd\u59c6\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u6761\u4ef6\u662f\u813e\u6c14\u597d\uff0c\u9886\u5bfc\u529b\u5f3a\uff0c\u80fd\u521d\u6b65\u4f53\u4f1a\u5230\u5b69\u5b50\u5fc3\u7406\u7684\u4eba\u201d[13]\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u7ecf\u53cc\u65b9\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u5b69\u5b50\u6bcd\u4eb2\u53ca\u4fdd\u80b2\u5458\u8ba2\u7acb\u4e92\u52a9\u53d8\u5de5\u5408\u540c\u3002\u5b69\u5b50\u6bcd\u4eb2\u5c06\u5b69\u5b50\u9001\u5230\u4fdd\u80b2\u5458\u5bb6\u91cc\u7167\u770b\uff0c\u5e2e\u4fdd\u80b2\u5458\u5e72\u519c\u6d3b\u6216\u8005\u8d60\u9001\u793c\u7269\u4f5c\u4e3a\u916c\u52b3\u3002\u201c\u5982\u6b66\u5448\u96c6\u5c0f\u5b69\u6bcd\u4eb2\u6768\u6842\u82f1\u7ed9\u4fdd\u59c6\u5218\u91d1\u82f1\uff0c\u7ec7\u5e03\u4e00\u4e08\uff0c\u505a\u4e94\u4ef6\u68c9\u8863\uff0c\u4e24\u53cc\u978b\uff0c\u6253\u4e8c\u4ea9\u68c9\u869c\u866b\u7b49\uff1b\u5c0f\u5b69\u6bcd\u4eb2\u7ed9\u767d\u5de7\u853a\u505a\u6d3b\uff0c\u9504\u5730\u5341\u4e8c\u4ea9\uff0c\u62e8\u516d\u4ea9\u68d2\u5b50\u82d7\u3002\u201d[13]\u5fb7\u5dde\u5e02\u5fb7\u53bf\u5219\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e86\u4e00\u6279\u201c\u5976\u5976\u770b\u5a03\u5a03\u201d\u6258\u513f\u7ec4\u3002\u4ee5\u5b69\u5b50\u591a\u7684\u6237\u4e3a\u4e3b\uff0c\u52a8\u5458\u8be5\u6237\u5b69\u5b50\u5976\u5976\u62c5\u4efb\u4fdd\u80b2\u5458\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u81ea\u5bb6\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u591a\u5c11\u5438\u6536\u5916\u59d3\u5b69\u5b50\uff0c\u5e76\u91c7\u53d6\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u8ba1\u5206\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a\u5206\u5bb6\u8fc7\u7684\u7531\u6bcd\u4eb2\u51fa\u5206\uff0c\u5de5\u5206\u4e0e\u5916\u59d3\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u76f8\u540c\uff1b\u4e0d\u5206\u5bb6\u7684\u4e0d\u8ba1\u5de5\uff0c\u53ea\u8ba1\u5916\u59d3\u7684\u3002\u5fb7\u53bf\u4efb\u5e84\u4e61\u5c0f\u674e\u5e84\u674e\u9999\u6587\u519c\u4e1a\u751f\u4ea7\u5408\u4f5c\u793e\u7684\u6258\u513f\u7ec4\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5973\u793e\u957f\u8d75\u83ca\u82f1\u52a8\u5458\u4e863\u4e2a\u5976\u5976\u5171\u770b10\u4e2a\u5b59\u5b50\uff0c\u5438\u65363\u4e2a\u5916\u59d3\u5b69\u5b50\uff0c\u89e3\u51b3\u4e8611\u4e2a\u5987\u5973\u52b3\u529b\u4e0b\u5730\u7684\u56f0\u96be[14]\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u603b\u4f53\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u6210\u7acb\u540e\u7684\u51e0\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u9664\u9752\u58ee\u5e74\u5987\u5973\u53c2\u52a0\u519c\u4e1a\u52b3\u52a8\u7684\u540e\u987e\u4e4b\u5fe7\uff0c\u5c71\u4e1c\u5404\u5730\u5987\u8054\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e86\u4f17\u591a\u519c\u5fd9\u6258\u513f\u7ec4\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u5b69\u5b50\u6bcd\u4eb2\u548c\u4ee5\u8001\u5e74\u5987\u5973\u4e3a\u7edd\u5bf9\u4e3b\u529b\u7684\u4fdd\u80b2\u5458\u505a\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u5177\u4f53\u3001\u7ec6\u81f4\u3001\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u52aa\u529b\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u6210\u6548\uff0c\u5c71\u4e1c\u519c\u6751\u4fdd\u6559\u7fa4\u4f53\u5f62\u6210\u5e76\u5f97\u5230\u521d\u6b65\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u519c\u6751\u4fdd\u6559\u5de5\u4f5c\u4ecd\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u8bb8\u591a\u4e9f\u5f85\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a81\u51fa\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff0c\u4fdd\u80b2\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u6536\u5165\u5f97\u4e0d\u5230\u4fdd\u969c\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u201c\u7f62\u5de5\u201d\uff0c\u6258\u513f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ecf\u5e38\u57ae\u53f0\u3002\u5927\u591a\u6570\u6362\u5de5\u611f\u60c5\u4e92\u52a9\u7ec4\u6ca1\u6709\u91c7\u7528\u201c\u8ba1\u5de5\u5212\u5206\u201d\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u5b69\u5b50\u6bcd\u4eb2\u548c\u4fdd\u80b2\u5458\u8ba2\u7acb\u4e86\u201c\u6362\u5de5\u5408\u540c\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u5177\u4f53\u64cd\u4f5c\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u8fd8\u662f\u770b\u5b69\u5b50\u6bcd\u4eb2\u548c\u4fdd\u80b2\u5458\u7684\u611f\u60c5\u3002\u5b83\u65e2\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u201c\u60c5\u611f\u60c5\uff0c\u4e49\u611f\u4e49\uff0c\u4e24\u597d\u78b0\u4e00\u597d\u201d\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u201c\u6709\u611f\u60c5\u5c31\u5e72\uff0c\u6ca1\u611f\u60c5\u5c31\u6563\u201d[11]\u3002\u201c\u5976\u5976\u770b\u5a03\u6258\u513f\u7ec4\u201d\u867d\u7136\u6d89\u53ca\u4e86\u201c\u8ba1\u5de5\u5212\u5206\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u60c5\u51b5\u66f4\u4e3a\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u65f6\u5e38\u51fa\u73b0\u5df2\u7ecf\u5206\u5bb6\u7684\u513f\u5ab3\u5987\uff0c\u4e0d\u613f\u610f\u7ed9\u5a46\u5a46\u5de5\u5206\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u81f4\u4f7f\u5bb6\u5ead\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u5a46\u5ab3\u77db\u76fe(4)\u3002\u800c\u5916\u59d3\u6258\u7ba1\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\uff0c\u6bcd\u4eb2\u603b\u62c5\u5fc3\u8d1f\u8d23\u770b\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u5976\u5976\u4f1a\u504f\u8892\u81ea\u5df1\u5bb6\u5b59\u5b50\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u674e\u51e4\u829d\u62c5\u5fc3\u201c\u5b69\u5b50\u81ea\u5df1\u5e26\u7684\u997d\u997d\uff0c\u5403\u4e0d\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u5634\u91cc\uff0c\u8ba9\u4eba\u5bb6\u5b69\u5b50\u7ed9\u5403\u4e86\u201d(5)\u3002\u8fd9\u53c8\u8ba9\u4fdd\u80b2\u5458\u611f\u89c9\u59d4\u5c48\uff0c\u89c9\u5f97\u51fa\u529b\u4e0d\u8ba8\u597d\u3002\u4e0a\u8ff0\u95ee\u9898\u5173\u7cfb\u5230\u4fdd\u80b2\u5458\u7684\u5207\u8eab\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u4ec5\u9760\u653f\u6cbb\u5ba3\u4f20\u548c\u7231\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u6559\u80b2\u65e0\u6cd5\u89e3\u51b3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5c71\u4e1c\u5987\u8054\u91c7\u53d6\u4e86\u76f8\u5e94\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u4ee5\u8ba1\u5de5\u7b97\u8d26\u4e3a\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u56fa\u5b9a\u6027\u519c\u5fd9\u6258\u513f\u7ec4\u548c\u66f4\u9ad8\u7ea7\u522b\u7684\u519c\u5fd9\u6258\u513f\u6240\uff0c\u5e76\u6839\u636e\u6240\u7167\u7ba1\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u5e74\u9f84\uff0c\u5236\u5b9a\u51fa\u4fdd\u6559\u4eba\u5458\u5de5\u5206\u7684\u201c\u8ba1\u5206\u201d\u53c2\u8003\u6807\u51c6\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u5de5\u5206\u5236\u5b9a\u4e3b\u8981\u7531\u57fa\u5c42\u5987\u8054\u8d1f\u8d23\uff0c\u56e0\u5730\u3001\u56e0\u4eba\u800c\u5f02\uff0c\u4f46\u90fd\u52aa\u529b\u9075\u5faa\u5b69\u5b50\u6bcd\u4eb2\u548c\u4fdd\u80b2\u5458\u201c\u53cc\u65b9\u4e92\u5229\u201d\u201c\u4e24\u4e0d\u5403\u4e8f\u201d\u7684\u539f\u5219[15]\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4fdd\u80b2\u5458\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u8ba1\u5206\u6807\u51c6\u666e\u904d\u4f4e\u4e8e\u7701\u5987\u8054\u89c4\u5b9a[16]\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u6bcd\u4eb2\u201c\u8fd8\u5212\u5206\u4e0d\u53ca\u65f6\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u8d56\u6389\u4e0d\u5212\u201d[11]\u3002\u66f4\u7a81\u51fa\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6bcd\u4eb2\u3001\u793e\u5458\u3001\u793e\u5e72\u89c9\u5f97\u4fdd\u80b2\u5458\u5e94\u8be5\u5c11\u62ff\u5de5\u5206\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u8d1f\u8d23\u5e72\u90e8\u4e5f\u8fd9\u4e48\u8ba4\u4e3a\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c1955\u5e74\uff0c\u4e2d\u5171\u804a\u57ce\u5730\u59d4\u5bf9\u8398\u53bf\u5317\u738b\u5949\u3001\u9ebb\u5be8\u3001\u5143\u5e843\u4e2a\u6751\u519c\u5fd9\u6258\u513f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4fdd\u80b2\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u5de5\u5206\u60c5\u51b5\u8fdb\u884c\u8c03\u67e5\uff0c\u80af\u5b9a\u4e86\u201c\u6b7b\u5206\u6d3b\u8ba1\u201d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5373\u6839\u636e\u53d7\u6258\u513f\u7ae5\u5927\u5c0f\u3001\u770b\u7ba1\u96be\u6613\u3001\u5b63\u8282\u5fd9\u95f2\u8ba1\u5206\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u8d5e\u6210\u4fdd\u80b2\u5458\u5de5\u5206\u7b49\u4e8e\u6216\u9ad8\u4e8e\u6bcd\u4eb2\u5de5\u5206\uff0c\u4ee5\u514d\u5f71\u54cd\u5987\u5973\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u79ef\u6781\u6027[17]\u3002\u5c71\u4e1c\u7701\u5987\u8054\u63a8\u5e7f\u4e3a\u4fdd\u6559\u4eba\u5458\u201c\u8ba1\u5de5\u5212\u5206\u201d\uff0c\u539f\u672c\u662f\u8981\u4fdd\u969c\u4fdd\u6559\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u6536\u5165\uff0c\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u91cd\u751f\u4ea7\u8f7b\u4fdd\u6559\u7684\u201c\u8ba1\u5de5\u5212\u5206\u201d\u503e\u5411\uff0c\u5374\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6fc0\u5316\u4e86\u4fdd\u6559\u4eba\u5458\u4e0e\u5b69\u5b50\u6bcd\u4eb2\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u77db\u76fe\u3002\u4e0e\u8fc7\u53bb\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u4fdd\u6559\u4eba\u5458\u201c\u7f62\u5de5\u201d\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6709\u589e\u65e0\u51cf\uff0c\u519c\u5fd9\u6258\u513f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u201c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5f97\u4e0d\u5c11\uff0c\u57ae\u53f0\u5f97\u66f4\u591a\u201d\u7684\u60c5\u51b5(6)\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u5bf9\u519c\u6751\u4fdd\u6559\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u521d\u671f\u5b9a\u4f4d\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u6216\u9644\u5c5e\u4e8e\u519c\u4e1a\u751f\u4ea7\u30021951-1955\u5e74\u7684\u6863\u6848\u4e2d\u7ecf\u5e38\u7528\u201c\u4fdd\u59c6\u201d\u4e00\u8bcd\u6307\u4ee3\u201c\u4fdd\u80b2\u5458\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u5728\u76f8\u5f53\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u8bdd\u8bed\u4e5f\u5c06\u8001\u5e74\u5987\u5973\u4eec\u5b9a\u4f4d\u4e3a\u201c\u5e2e\u5fd9\u770b\u5b69\u5b50\u201d\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u5bfc\u5411\u4e0b\uff0c\u519c\u6751\u4fdd\u6559\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u4ef7\u503c\u5f88\u96be\u88ab\u6b63\u786e\u4f30\u91cf\u3002\u52a0\u4e0a\u4fdd\u6559\u4eba\u5458\u51e0\u4e4e\u5168\u7531\u6587\u76f2\u8001\u5e74\u5987\u5973\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u5979\u4eec\u4e3b\u8981\u91c7\u53d6\u201c\u5206\u6563\u6258\u7ba1\u201d\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u770b\u5b69\u5b50\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5bb6\u91cc\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u5728\u7530\u95f4\u5730\u5934\u7684\u6811\u4e0b\u8bbe\u7acb\u6258\u513f\u7ec4\uff0c\u7167\u770b\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4f20\u7edf\u7b80\u5355\u7684\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u662f\u5987\u8054\u4e5f\u8981\u6c42\u5979\u4eec\u201c\u53ea\u8981\u61c2\u4e9b\u770b\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u9053\u7406\uff0c\u4e0d\u8ba9\u5b69\u5b50\u8dcc\u7740\u3001\u78b0\u7740\u3001\u559d\u751f\u6c34\u3001\u5750\u6f6e\u5730\u5c31\u884c\u4e86\u201d[6]\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4fdd\u6559\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u786e\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u6587\u5316\u7d20\u8d28\u4f4e\u3001\u5e26\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0d\u79d1\u5b66\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u6bcd\u4eb2\u4eec\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u79ef\u6781\u6027\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u8ba9\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u7236\u6bcd\u53ca\u76f8\u5173\u8d1f\u8d23\u5e72\u90e8\u5c06\u5979\u4eec\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u65e0\u6cd5\u4e0e\u519c\u4e1a\u751f\u4ea7\u52b3\u52a8\u76f8\u63d0\u5e76\u8bba\u7684\u201c\u5ec9\u4ef7\u52b3\u52a8\u201d\u3002\u968f\u7740\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u5efa\u8bbe\u7684\u5168\u9762\u5c55\u5f00\uff0c\u201c\u8001\u5927\u5a18\u770b\u5b69\u5b50\u201d\u6837\u5f0f\u7684\u519c\u5fd9\u6258\u513f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u80fd\u6ee1\u8db3\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u519c\u6751\u4fdd\u6559\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u8c03\u6574\u548c\u91cd\u7ec4\u52bf\u5728\u5fc5\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/jiliuwang.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/20210104071752_42325.jpg\" alt=\"\u4ece\u201c\u5e2e\u5fd9\u770b\u5b69\u5b50\u201d\u5230\u201c\u4e3a\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u57f9\u80b2\u5e7c\u82d7\u201d \u2014\u2014\u5c71\u4e1c\u519c\u6751\u4fdd\u6559\u4eba\u5458\u7814\u7a76(1951-1961)-\u6fc0\u6d41\u7f51\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4e8c\u3001\u4fdd\u6559\u961f\u4f0d\u8c03\u6574\u53d7\u963b\uff1a\u9752\u58ee\u5e74\u5987\u5973\u4e0d\u613f\u52a0\u5165<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1956\u5e749\u6708\uff0c\u5c71\u4e1c\u519c\u6751\u4fdd\u6559\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u9009\u62d4\u6761\u4ef6\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u6839\u672c\u6027\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u3002\u6839\u636e\u5c71\u4e1c\u7701\u5987\u8054\u9881\u5e03\u7684\u300a\u519c\u6751\u6258\u513f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6682\u884c\u7ba1\u7406\u529e\u6cd5(\u8349\u6848)\u300b\uff0c\u4fdd\u80b2\u5458\u9700\u8eab\u4f53\u5065\u5eb7\u65e0\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u3001\u8010\u5fc3\u7ec6\u5fc3\u3001\u70ed\u7231\u5b69\u5b50\uff1b\u6559\u517b\u5458\u9664\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6761\u4ef6\u5916\uff0c\u6700\u597d\u9009\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u6587\u5316\u7684\u9752\u58ee\u5e74\u5987\u5973[18]\u3002\u5bf9\u201c\u6587\u5316\u7a0b\u5ea6\u201d\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u804a\u57ce\u4e13\u533a\u8303\u53bf(7)\u6709\u8be6\u7ec6\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a\u201c\u9ad8\u5c0f\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u5973\u5b66\u751f(\u540c\u7b49\u5b66\u529b\u4e5f\u53ef)\uff0c\u6216\u521d\u5c0f\u626b\u76f2\u6bd5\u4e1a\u5e74\u7eaa\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u5973\u5b66\u751f\u4e5f\u53ef\u3002\u201d[19]\u6559\u517b\u5458\u961f\u4f0d\u5438\u6536\u4e86\u9752\u58ee\u5e74\u5987\u5973\u540e\u4e0d\u4e45\uff0c\u4fdd\u80b2\u5458\u961f\u4f0d\u4e5f\u9010\u6e10\u8c03\u6574\u4eba\u5458\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u519c\u4e1a\u5408\u4f5c\u5316\u8fd0\u52a8\u9ad8\u6f6e\u9636\u6bb5\u53ca\u201c\u5927\u8dc3\u8fdb\u201d\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u9700\u8981\u52a8\u5458\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u5987\u5973\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u53c2\u52a0\u519c\u4e1a\u751f\u4ea7\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\u62bd\u8c03\u9752\u58ee\u5e74\u5987\u5973\u8fdb\u5165\u4fdd\u6559\u961f\u4f0d\uff0c\u662f\u591a\u65b9\u9762\u56e0\u7d20\u5171\u540c\u4fc3\u6210\u7684\uff1a\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u51cf\u5c11\u8001\u5e74\u5987\u5973\u7167\u6599\u513f\u7ae5\u4e0d\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\u6240\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u8bf8\u591a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u89e3\u9664\u6bcd\u4eb2\u53c2\u52a0\u52b3\u52a8\u65f6\u7684\u540e\u987e\u4e4b\u5fe7\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u89e3\u653e\u519c\u6751\u5987\u5973\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\uff0c\u52a0\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\u519c\u4e1a\u751f\u4ea7\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u5efa\u8bbe\u7684\u63a8\u8fdb\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u628a\u5bf9\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u57f9\u80b2\u7eb3\u5165\u5efa\u8bbe\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u56fd\u5bb6(\u4e43\u81f3\u5b9e\u73b0\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49)\u7684\u8bae\u7a0b\u4e2d\u30021953\u5e746\u67081\u65e5\uff0c\u300a\u4eba\u6c11\u65e5\u62a5\u300b\u5728\u5934\u7248\u53d1\u8868\u300a\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u57f9\u517b\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u65b0\u4e00\u4ee3\u300b\u4e00\u6587\uff0c\u660e\u786e\u63d0\u51fa\u201c\u65b0\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u513f\u7ae5\u662f\u6211\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u9769\u547d\u548c\u5efa\u8bbe\u4e8b\u4e1a\u7684\u7ee7\u627f\u4eba\u201d\uff1b\u201c\u57f9\u517b\u65b0\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u65b0\u4e00\u4ee3\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u8981\u4fdd\u62a4\u5b69\u5b50\u4eec\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\u5065\u5eb7\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8981\u6839\u636e\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u751f\u7406\u548c\u5fc3\u7406\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u57f9\u517b\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u9ad8\u5c1a\u9053\u5fb7\u54c1\u8d28\uff0c\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4eec\u957f\u5927\u8d77\u6765\u80fd\u591f\u6210\u4e3a\u65b0\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u65b0\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u5efa\u8bbe\u8005\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u575a\u5f3a\u6218\u58eb\u201d[20]\u3002\u6b64\u540e\uff0c\u519c\u6751\u4fdd\u6559\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u91cd\u5fc3\u4e5f\u9010\u6e10\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u4ece\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u519c\u5fd9\u65f6\u671f\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5b89\u5168\u4e3a\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u7528\u73b0\u4ee3\u3001\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u536b\u751f\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u7167\u7ba1\u5b69\u5b50\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u5176\u8fdb\u884c\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u6559\u80b2\u3002\u6258\u513f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u6536\u6258\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e5f\u7531\u201c\u65e0\u4eba\u7167\u7ba1\u7684\u513f\u7ae5\u201d\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u201c\u51e1\u4eba\u6c11\u516c\u793e\u793e\u5458\u7684\u5b50\u59737\u5c81\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5e74\u9f84\u3001\u65e0\u4f20\u67d3\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u90fd\u53ef\u201d[21]\u3002\u53ea\u4f1a\u7528\u201c\u571f\u6cd5\u201d\u770b\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u8001\u5e74\u5987\u5973\u663e\u7136\u4e0d\u80fd\u9002\u5e94\u65b0\u5f62\u52bf\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u519c\u6751\u4fdd\u6559\u961f\u4f0d\u9700\u8981\u5145\u5b9e\u65b0\u9c9c\u8840\u6db2\uff0c\u9009\u62d4\u653f\u6cbb\u6e05\u767d\u3001\u8eab\u4f53\u5065\u5eb7\u3001\u70ed\u7231\u513f\u7ae5\u3001\u6709\u6587\u5316\u7684\u9752\u58ee\u5e74\u5987\u5973\u52a0\u5165\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4fdd\u6559\u961f\u4f0d\u7684\u8c03\u6574\u65b9\u5411\u867d\u7136\u660e\u786e\uff0c\u4f46\u56fd\u5bb6\u52a8\u5458\u9752\u58ee\u5e74\u5987\u5973\u52a0\u5165\u519c\u6751\u4fdd\u6559\u961f\u4f0d\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u5374\u5c61\u5c61\u53d7\u632b\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5979\u4eec\u666e\u904d\u4e0d\u613f\u610f\u4ece\u4e8b\u4fdd\u6559\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u519c\u6751\u9752\u58ee\u5e74\u5987\u5973\u89c9\u5f97\u4fdd\u6559\u5de5\u4f5c\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u7ed9\u5c0f\u5b69\u64e6\u5c41\u80a1\u3001\u7ed3\u88e4\u5e26\u7b49\uff0c\u4e0d\u5982\u5e72\u70b9\u519c\u6d3b\u6e05\u95f2\u201d[22]\u3002\u5bf9\u6709\u6587\u5316\u7684\u9752\u5e74\u5987\u5973\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u519c\u6751\u4ece\u4e8b\u4fdd\u6559\u5de5\u4f5c\u5219\u4e0e\u5979\u4eec\u672c\u6765\u201c\u8981\u4e48\u5347\u5b66\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u627e\u804c\u4e1a\u201d\u7684\u613f\u671b\u5927\u76f8\u5f84\u5ead\uff0c\u8ba9\u5979\u4eec\u89c9\u5f97\u201c\u6ca1\u6709\u51fa\u606f\u201d[22]\uff0c\u5979\u4eec\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4e0d\u613f\u610f\u5e72\uff0c\u8fd8\u89c9\u5f97\u59d4\u5c48\u3002\u9ad8\u5c0f\u6bd5\u4e1a\u7684\u5b59\u7f8e\u4e91\u8001\u4eba\uff0c\u5728\u5fc6\u53ca\u5f53\u5e74\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5f53\u5e7c\u513f\u56ed\u6559\u517b\u5458\u65f6\u8fd9\u6837\u8868\u8fbe\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u621155\u5e74\u662f16\u5c81\u9ad8\u5c0f\u6bd5\u4e1a\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u65f6\u5019\u60f3\u7740\u8003\u5b66\uff0c\u9ad8\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6562\u60f3\uff0c\u60f3\u4e0a\u521d\u4e2d\u5427\uff0c\u597d\u4e0a\u53bf\u57ce\u91cc\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u8003\u4e86\u4e24\u5e74\u6ca1\u8003\u53d6\uff0c\u7239\u5a18\u4e5f\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u4e86\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u54b1\u8fd9\u513f\u51fa\u4e86\u4e2a\u5178\u578b\u5f90\u5efa\u6625(8)\uff0c\u5979\u5c31\u662f\u9ad8\u5c0f\u56de\u6765\u52a1\u519c\u7684\u3002\u793e\u91cc\u6d3e\u4eba\u6765\u627e\u6211\uff0c\u9ad8\u5c0f\u5728\u90a3\u65f6\u5019\u5c31\u662f\u6709\u6587\u5316\u4e86\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u53bb\u5e7c\u513f\u56ed\u5f53\u6559\u517b\u5458\uff0c\u5c31\u6559\u5b69\u5b50\u5b66\u5531\u6b4c\u8bc6\u5b57\uff0c\u4e5f\u5e2e\u7740\u4fdd\u80b2\u5458\u770b\u770b\u5b69\u5b50\u3002\u6211\u662f\u771f\u4e0d\u7231\u53bb\uff0c\u90a3\u65f6\u5019\u8fd8\u6ca1\u7ed3\u5a5a\uff0c\u60f3\u7740\u6574\u5929\u6363\u9f13\u5b69\u5b50\uff0c\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u51fa\u606f\uff0c\u8ddf\u4e0d\u4e0a\u4e0b\u5761\u5e72\u6d3b\u554a\u3002\u5f90\u5efa\u6625\u5979\u90a3\u4e5f\u662f\u53c2\u52a0\u751f\u4ea7\u51fa\u7684\u540d\u554a\uff0c\u770b\u5b69\u5b50\u4e0d\u662f\u767d\u778e\u4e86\u3002\u793e\u91cc\u627e\u4e86\u6211\u4e24\u6b21\uff0c\u90a3\u65f6\u5019\u793e\u91cc\u5b89\u6392\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e0d\u5174\u4f60\u5f80\u5916\u63a8\uff0c\u6211\u6ca1\u529e\u6cd5\u8fd9\u624d\u786c\u7740\u5934\u76ae\u53bb\u4e86\uff0c\u5934\u5929\u54ed\u4e86\u4e00\u5bbf\uff0c\u89c9\u5f97\u62b1\u5c48\u3002\u90a3\u65f6\u5019\u771f\u6ca1\u5927\u6709\u9ad8\u5c0f\u6bd5\u4e1a\u5230\u5e7c\u513f\u56ed\u7684(9)\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5b59\u7f8e\u4e91\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e2a\u4f8b\u3002\u636e\u5c71\u4e1c\u7701\u5987\u8054\u8c03\u67e5\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u9ad8\u5c0f\u6bd5\u4e1a\u751f\u88ab\u5206\u914d\u5230\u4fdd\u6559\u5c97\u4f4d\u540e\uff0c\u51fa\u73b0\u601d\u60f3\u52a8\u6447\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u79bb\u804c\u3002\u201c\u4e0d\u5c11\u4eba\u4e0d\u613f\u610f\u53c2\u52a0\u8fd9\u9879\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u53c2\u52a0\u4e86\uff0c\u601d\u60f3\u4e0a\u4e0d\u591f\u5b89\u5fc3\u3002\u5979\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u4e9b\u2018\u4f8d\u5019\u4eba\u2019\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u662f\u4e9b\u2018\u4e0b\u8d31\u2019\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5e72\u8d77\u6765\u2018\u4e0d\u4f53\u9762\u2019\u3002\u201d[23]<\/p>\n<p>\u9664\u4e86\u89c9\u5f97\u201c\u4e0d\u4f53\u9762\u201d\u201c\u6ca1\u51fa\u606f\u201d\uff0c\u5de5\u5206\u504f\u4f4e\u3001\u6536\u5165\u65e0\u4fdd\u969c\u4e5f\u662f\u9752\u58ee\u5e74\u5987\u5973\u4e0d\u613f\u610f\u53c2\u52a0\u4fdd\u6559\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u57281956\u5e74\u201c\u52e4\u4fed\u529e\u793e\u201d\u4ee5\u524d\uff0c\u4fdd\u6559\u4eba\u5458\u5e73\u5747\u6bcf\u59295\u4e2a\u5de5\u5206\uff0c\u7531\u793e\u5185\u627f\u62c5\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4fdd\u6559\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u5de5\u5206\u4f4e\u4e8e\u53c2\u52a0\u519c\u4e1a\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u5987\u5973\uff0c\u4f46\u57fa\u672c\u662f\u6709\u4fdd\u969c\u7684[24]\u3002\u201c\u52e4\u4fed\u529e\u793e\u201d\u6307\u793a\u4e0b\u8fbe\u540e\uff0c\u5408\u4f5c\u793e\u5f00\u59cb\u51cf\u5c11\u975e\u751f\u4ea7\u6027\u5f00\u652f\uff0c\u4fdd\u6559\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u5de5\u5206\u6539\u7531\u9001\u6258\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u7236\u6bcd\u8d1f\u62c5\u3002\u5bf9\u4e2a\u522b\u5b69\u5b50\u591a\u3001\u52b3\u529b\u5c11\u7684\u56f0\u96be\u6237\uff0c\u7ecf\u793e\u5458\u540c\u610f\u6839\u636e\u793e\u5185\u516c\u76ca\u91d1\u7684\u591a\u5c11\u914c\u60c5\u4e88\u4ee5\u8865\u52a9[25]\u3002\u8fd9\u770b\u4f3c\u5408\u7406\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u5374\u62db\u81f4\u591a\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4e0d\u6ee1\uff1a\u5f88\u591a\u7236\u6bcd\u4e0d\u613f\u610f\u5c06\u5b69\u5b50\u9001\u6258\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u6bcd\u4eb2\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u54b1\u4e89(\u6323)\u5206\u4e0d\u591a\uff0c\u8fd8\u5f80\u5916\u62e8\u5206\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e0a\u7b97\u201d\uff1b\u6709\u7684\u89c9\u5f97\u4e0d\u5982\u56de\u5bb6\u517b\u9e21\u3001\u732a\uff0c\u634e\u5e26\u7740\u770b\u5b69\u5b50\u5212\u7b97\uff1b\u65e0\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u793e\u5458\u5219\u89c9\u5f97\u8865\u7ed9\u56f0\u96be\u6237\u5de5\u5206\u5360\u7528\u4e86\u793e\u5185\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u4e0d\u5408\u7406[26]\u3002\u8fd9\u5bfc\u81f4\u5f88\u591a\u6258\u513f\u7ec4\u53c8\u57ae\u4e86\u53f0\uff0c\u4fdd\u6559\u4eba\u5458\u968f\u65f6\u6709\u201c\u5931\u4e1a\u201d\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5bb6\u4eba\u7684\u963b\u6320\u548c\u5916\u754c\u7684\u975e\u8bae\u4e5f\u7ed9\u4ece\u4e8b\u4fdd\u6559\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u9752\u5e74\u5987\u5973\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u538b\u529b\u3002\u4e3a\u9002\u5e94\u5bf9\u519c\u6751\u513f\u7ae5\u201c\u7531\u517b\u5230\u6559\u201d\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\uff0c\u5404\u7ea7\u5987\u8054\u534f\u540c\u5f53\u5730\u6587\u6559\u3001\u536b\u751f\u90e8\u95e8\u5bf9\u4fdd\u6559\u4eba\u5458\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u96c6\u4e2d\u57f9\u8bad\u3002\u57f9\u8bad\u4f7f\u9752\u5e74\u5987\u5973\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u79bb\u5bb6\uff0c\u5404\u79cd\u6d41\u77ed\u871a\u957f\u968f\u4e4b\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u8fd9\u4ee4\u5bb6\u4e2d\u7684\u957f\u8f88\u7126\u8651\u4e0d\u5b89\uff0c\u4e5f\u7ed9\u9752\u5e74\u5987\u5973\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u6781\u5927\u7684\u56f0\u6270(10)\u3002\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5f97\u4e0d\u5230\u5bb6\u4eba\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u5e74\u8f7b\u7684\u4fdd\u6559\u4eba\u5458\u8fd8\u53d7\u5230\u6751\u6c11\u975e\u8bae\u548c\u5b69\u5b50\u6bcd\u4eb2\u7684\u8d28\u7591\u3002\u5c31\u8fde\u6751\u91cc\u7684\u8001\u5927\u5a18\u4e5f\u5e38\u66ff\u5979\u4eec\u60cb\u60dc\uff1a\u201c\u771f\u53ef\u60dc\u4e86\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95fa\u5973\u5e74\u8f7b\u5c31\u770b\u5b69\u5b50\uff0c\u7ed3\u4e86\u5a5a\u81ea\u5df1\u751f\u4e86\u5b69\u5b50\u8fd8\u770b\u5b69\u5b50\uff0c\u770b\u4e00\u8f88\u5b50\u5b69\u5b50\u6709\u4e2a\u4ec0\u4e48\u51fa\u606f\u3002\u201d[27]\u53d7\u6258\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u6bcd\u4eb2\u66f4\u662f\u987e\u8651\u91cd\u91cd\uff0c\u62c5\u5fc3\u6ca1\u6709\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u9752\u5e74\u5987\u5973\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7167\u987e\u5b69\u5b50\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u6bcd\u4eb2\u4eec\u5728\u63a5\u9001\u5b69\u5b50\u65f6\u7ecf\u5e38\u5077\u5077\u4ece\u7a97\u6237\u89c2\u5bdf\uff0c\u6216\u5f53\u9762\u7ed9\u4fdd\u6559\u4eba\u5458\u65bd\u538b\uff1a\u8981\u6c42\u5979\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u597d\u597d\u7167\u7ba1\u5b69\u5b50[28]\u3002\u6765\u81ea\u5bb6\u5ead\u5185\u5916\u7684\u91cd\u91cd\u538b\u529b\uff0c\u4f7f\u9752\u5e74\u5987\u5973\u5373\u4f7f\u6709\u5fc3\u4ece\u4e8b\u4fdd\u6559\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u505a\u8d77\u4e8b\u60c5\u6765\u4e5f\u5e38\u5e38\u529b\u4e0d\u4ece\u5fc3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7efc\u4e0a\uff0c\u5c71\u4e1c\u519c\u6751\u4fdd\u6559\u961f\u4f0d\u7684\u8c03\u6574\u56f0\u96be\u91cd\u91cd\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5c71\u4e1c\u5404\u7ea7\u5987\u8054\u7edf\u7b79\u5b89\u6392\u4eba\u529b\uff0c\u539f\u5219\u4e0a\u5c3d\u91cf\u5bfb\u627e\u6587\u5316\u6c34\u5e73\u9ad8\u7684\u9752\u5e74\u5987\u5973\u52a0\u5165\u4fdd\u6559\u961f\u4f0d\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u4ece\u5b9e\u9645\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u9002\u5f53\u964d\u4f4e\u4fdd\u6559\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u9009\u62d4\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u8eab\u4f53\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u534a\u6587\u76f2\u3001\u6587\u76f2\u7684\u4e2d\u5e74\u5987\u5973\u548c\u8001\u5e74\u5987\u5973\u8fdb\u5165\u4fdd\u6559\u961f\u4f0d\u3002\u4f46\u4ece\u56fd\u5bb6\u5c42\u9762\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u52a8\u5458\u6709\u6587\u5316\u7684\u9752\u58ee\u5e74\u5987\u5973\u8fdb\u5165\u519c\u6751\u4fdd\u6559\u961f\u4f0d\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u65b9\u5411\u6ca1\u6709\u6539\u53d8\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u8bdd\u8bed\u7740\u624b\u91cd\u5851\u519c\u6751\u4fdd\u6559\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u804c\u4e1a\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u8eab\u4efd\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u4fdd\u6559\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u8363\u8a89\u611f\u548c\u8ba4\u540c\u611f\uff1b\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u6539\u53d8\u5916\u754c\u5bf9\u519c\u6751\u4fdd\u6559\u5de5\u4f5c\u8f7b\u89c6\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u6765\u589e\u52a0\u519c\u6751\u4fdd\u6559\u5de5\u4f5c\u5bf9\u9752\u5e74\u5987\u5973\u7684\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/jiliuwang.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/20210104071807_79489.jpg\" alt=\"\u4ece\u201c\u5e2e\u5fd9\u770b\u5b69\u5b50\u201d\u5230\u201c\u4e3a\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u57f9\u80b2\u5e7c\u82d7\u201d \u2014\u2014\u5c71\u4e1c\u519c\u6751\u4fdd\u6559\u4eba\u5458\u7814\u7a76(1951-1961)-\u6fc0\u6d41\u7f51\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4e09\u3001\u91cd\u5851\u793e\u4f1a\u8eab\u4efd\uff1a\u63d0\u5347\u4fdd\u6559\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u804c\u4e1a\u8ba4\u540c\u611f\u3001\u8363\u8a89\u611f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u9002\u5e94\u519c\u4e1a\u201c\u5927\u8dc3\u8fdb\u201d\u548c\u4eba\u6c11\u516c\u793e\u5316\u7684\u65b0\u5f62\u52bf\uff0c1958\u5e7411\u6708\u53ec\u5f00\u7684\u516b\u5c4a\u516d\u4e2d\u5168\u4f1a\u5bf9\u4fdd\u6559\u5de5\u4f5c\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u66f4\u52a0\u660e\u786e\u7684\u6307\u793a\uff1a\u201c\u529e\u597d\u5e7c\u513f\u56ed\uff0c\u4f7f\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b69\u5b50\u6bd4\u5728\u5bb6\u91cc\u751f\u6d3b\u5f97\u597d\uff0c\u6559\u80b2\u5f97\u597d\uff0c\u4f7f\u5b69\u5b50\u4eec\u613f\u610f\u7559\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\uff0c\u7236\u6bcd\u4e5f\u613f\u610f\u628a\u5b69\u5b50\u653e\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u3002\u201d[29]\u6b64\u540e\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u519c\u6751\u4fdd\u6559\u5de5\u4f5c\u53d7\u5230\u5404\u7ea7\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u91cd\u89c6\u3002\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u5bf9\u519c\u6751\u4fdd\u6559\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u548c\u91cd\u5851\u4e5f\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86\u9876\u5cf0\u30021958-1960\u5e74\uff0c\u5404\u7ea7\u5a92\u4f53\u5927\u529b\u5ba3\u4f20\u516b\u5c4a\u516d\u4e2d\u5168\u4f1a\u505a\u51fa\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u6307\u793a\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u4e2d\u592e\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u5bf9\u4fdd\u6559\u5de5\u4f5c\u53ca\u4fdd\u6559\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u91cd\u89c6\u548c\u5173\u6000\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u5218\u5c11\u5947\u5728\u89c6\u5bdf\u6cb3\u5357\u4eba\u6c11\u516c\u793e\u65f6\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u201c\u5bf9\u5c0f\u5b69\u5e94\u5f53\u5f3a\u8c03\u793e\u4f1a\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u628a\u91cd\u70b9\u653e\u5728\u5bb6\u5ead\u6559\u80b2\u4e0a\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u5bb6\u5ead\u6559\u80b2\u8fd8\u662f\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u7ba1\u5b69\u5b50\u5e94\u5f53\u6bd4\u7ba1\u62d6\u62c9\u673a\u3001\u62bd\u6c34\u673a\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u201d[30]\u3002\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u89c6\u5bdf\u6cb3\u5317\u519c\u6751\u65f6\u6307\u793a\uff1a\u201c\u7ba1\u5a03\u5a03\u8fd9\u4e00\u884c\u8fd8\u8981\u5927\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u4e94\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u7684\u4eba\u5f52\u5979\u4eec\u7ba1\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4fdd\u80b2\u5458\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u5341\u5206\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u8981\u9009\u62d4\u4e00\u6279\u5171\u9752\u56e2\u5458\u548c\u79ef\u6781\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u52a0\u4ee5\u8bad\u7ec3\uff0c\u4f7f\u5979\u4eec\u4e13\u4f5c\u4fdd\u80b2\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u8981\u5f00\u4fdd\u80b2\u4eba\u5458\u4ee3\u8868\u4f1a\uff0c\u5bf9\u5de5\u4f5c\u597d\u7684\u52a0\u4ee5\u5956\u52b1\uff0c\u5979\u4eec\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u5979\u4eec\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u4e5f\u5c31\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u3002\u201d[30]\u4ee5\u8fd9\u4e9b\u91cd\u8981\u6307\u793a\u4e3a\u6307\u5357\uff0c\u5c71\u4e1c\u7701\u5404\u7ea7\u5987\u8054\u591a\u6b21\u5f00\u529e\u57f9\u8bad\u73ed\u5bf9\u519c\u6751\u4fdd\u6559\u7fa4\u4f53\u8fdb\u884c\u91cd\u5851\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9488\u5bf9\u4fdd\u6559\u4eba\u5458\u4e2d\u666e\u904d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u201c\u5e2e\u4eba\u5bb6\u770b\u5b69\u5b50\u6ca1\u51fa\u606f\uff0c\u4e0d\u5982\u641e\u751f\u4ea7\u201d\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u57f9\u8bad\u73ed\u5bf9\u5979\u4eec\u8fdb\u884c\u601d\u60f3\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u5f15\u5bfc\u4fdd\u6559\u4eba\u5458\u91cd\u65b0\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4fdd\u6559\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u548c\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u5404\u7ea7\u5987\u8054\u5728\u57f9\u8bad\u65f6\u90fd\u660e\u786e\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u201c\u770b\u5b69\u5b50\u662f\u4f3a\u5019\u4eba\u3001\u4fdd\u6559\u4eba\u5458\u4f4e\u4eba\u4e00\u7b49\u201d\u662f\u5265\u524a\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u6b8b\u4f59\u3002\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u9e23\u653e\u8fa9\u8bba\u3001\u8d34\u5927\u5b57\u62a5\u7b49\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5e2e\u4fdd\u80b2\u5458\u641e\u6e05\u695a\u201c\u4e3a\u8c01\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u201d\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u542f\u53d1\u5979\u4eec\u8fdb\u884c\u4eca\u5915\u5bf9\u6bd4\uff0c\u8ba8\u8bba\u201c\u4eca\u5929\u5987\u5973\u4e3a\u8c01\u53c2\u52a0\u52b3\u52a8\u201d\u8ba9\u5979\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\u201c\u73b0\u5728\u770b\u5b69\u5b50\u8ddf\u8fc7\u53bb\u770b\u5b69\u5b50\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u56de\u4e8b\uff0c\u8fc7\u53bb\u5728\u5bb6\u770b\u5b69\u5b50\u662f\u4e3a\u4e2a\u4eba\uff0c\u4eca\u5929\u770b\u5b69\u5b50\u662f\u4e3a\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e3a\u4eba\u6c11\u57f9\u517b\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u63a5\u73ed\u4eba\u201d\u3002\u601d\u60f3\u6559\u80b2\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u90e8\u5206\u4fdd\u6559\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8ba9\u5979\u4eec\u201c\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u529e\u597d\u519c\u5fd9\u5e7c\u513f\u56ed\u5bf9\u4fc3\u8fdb\u519c\u4e1a\u589e\u4ea7\u3001\u5f7b\u5e95\u89e3\u653e\u5987\u5973\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u548c\u57f9\u517b\u7956\u56fd\u540e\u4e00\u4ee3\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u611f\u5230\u8fd9\u4e00\u5de5\u4f5c\u5728\u5efa\u8bbe\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e2d\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u7f3a\u5c11\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u8d23\u4efb\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u5927\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u50cf\u81ea\u5df1\u8fc7\u53bb\u60f3\u7684\u90a3\u6837\u201d[31]\u3002\u6396\u53bf\u539f\u6765\u53c2\u52a0\u57f9\u8bad\u7684\u4fdd\u6559\u4eba\u5458\uff0c\u591a\u6570\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5f53\u6559\u517b\u5458\u4e0d\u5149\u8363\uff0c\u6ca1\u51fa\u606f\u3002\u7ecf\u8fc7\u57f9\u8bad\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u7eb7\u7eb7\u5199\u5927\u5b57\u62a5\u3001\u51b3\u5fc3\u4e66\u3001\u6311\u6218\u4e66\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u613f\u610f\u5f53\u4e00\u8f88\u5b50\u6559\u517b\u5458\uff0c\u4eca\u540e\u4e00\u5b9a\u5c06\u7956\u56fd\u7684\u540e\u4ee3\u57f9\u517b\u6210\u5177\u6709\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u601d\u60f3\u54c1\u5fb7\u7684\u63a5\u73ed\u4eba\u3002\u5f90\u5efa\u6625\u793e\u7684\u6559\u517b\u5458\u5f20\u5609\u829d\u539f\u6765\u6253\u7b97\u6539\u884c\u8f6c\u4e1a\uff0c\u53d7\u8bad\u540e\u5219\u8868\u793a\u51b3\u5fc3\u628a\u5168\u90e8\u7cbe\u529b\u732e\u7ed9\u4fdd\u80b2\u4e8b\u4e1a\uff0c\u7acb\u5fd7\u5728\u6559\u517b\u5b69\u5b50\u65b9\u9762\u505a\u51fa\u6210\u7ee9[31]\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9664\u4e86\u8fdb\u884c\u601d\u60f3\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u63d0\u5347\u4fdd\u6559\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u4e1a\u52a1\u6c34\u5e73\u4e5f\u662f\u57f9\u8bad\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u519c\u6751\u4fdd\u6559\u7fa4\u4f53\u5728\u4e1a\u52a1\u65b9\u9762\u666e\u904d\u611f\u89c9\u529b\u4e0d\u4ece\u5fc3\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u5b58\u5728\u4e24\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff1a\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed3\u8fc7\u5a5a\u7684\u5e74\u8f7b\u7684\u59d1\u5a18\uff0c\u201c\u5979\u4eec\u5927\u90fd\u80fd\u5199\u4f1a\u7b97\u3001\u6709\u70ed\u60c5\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7f3a\u5c11\u7ba1\u7406\u6559\u80b2\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u51b7\u3001\u70ed\u3001\u997f\u3001\u9971\uff0c\u5e38\u5e38\u4e0d\u80fd\u7167\u987e\u4f53\u8d34\u5f97\u5f88\u5468\u5230\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u600e\u6837\u5bf9\u5b69\u5b50\u8fdb\u884c\u6559\u80b2\u201d[32]\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u5e74\u9f84\u7a0d\u5927\u4e9b\u7684\u519c\u6751\u5987\u5973\uff0c\u5979\u4eec\u201c\u867d\u7136\u6709\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u600e\u6837\u7ba1\u597d\u3001\u6559\u597d\u4e00\u5927\u7fa4\u5b69\u5b50\uff0c\u4e5f\u540c\u6837\u6ca1\u6709\u7ecf\u9a8c\u201d[32]\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5c71\u4e1c\u7701\u5404\u7ea7\u5987\u8054\u914d\u5408\u536b\u751f\u3001\u6587\u6559\u3001\u6c11\u653f\u7b49\u6709\u5173\u90e8\u95e8\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8bad\u7ec3\u73ed\u3001\u8f6e\u8bad\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ec4\u3001\u73b0\u573a\u53c2\u89c2\u7b49\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u52aa\u529b\u63d0\u9ad8\u4fdd\u6559\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u6587\u5316\u4fee\u517b\u548c\u4e1a\u52a1\u6280\u80fd\u3002\u6258\u513f\u6240\u4fdd\u80b2\u5458\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u201c\u4ee5\u517b\u4e3a\u4e3b\u201d\uff0c\u57f9\u8bad\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5185\u5bb9\u4e3a\u5065\u5eb7\u996e\u98df\u3001\u536b\u751f\u4e60\u60ef\u3001\u75be\u75c5\u9884\u9632\u548c\u62a4\u7406\u3001\u4e00\u822c\u6025\u6551\u3001\u513f\u7ae5\u6559\u80b2\u7b49(11)\u3002\u5c71\u4e1c\u7701\u536b\u751f\u5385\u4e13\u95e8\u4e3a\u519c\u6751\u4fdd\u80b2\u5458\u7f16\u5199\u4e86\u300a\u4fdd\u80b2\u5458\u624b\u518c\u300b\uff0c\u8003\u8651\u5230\u4fdd\u80b2\u5458\u7684\u6587\u5316\u7a0b\u5ea6\u504f\u4f4e\uff0c\u8fd9\u672c\u5c0f\u518c\u5b50\u4e3b\u8981\u4ee5\u56fe\u7247\u4e3a\u4e3b\uff0c\u914d\u6709\u5c11\u91cf\u7684\u6587\u5b57\uff0c\u8c08\u5230\u4e86\u4fdd\u80b2\u5458\u9700\u6ce8\u610f\u768426\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898(12)\u3002\u5e7c\u513f\u56ed\u6559\u517b\u5458\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u201c\u4ee5\u6559\u4e3a\u4e3b\u201d\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u57f9\u8bad\u5185\u5bb9\u4e3a\u6559\u5b66\u539f\u5219\u3001\u513f\u7ae5\u5fc3\u7406\u4ee5\u53ca\u6e38\u620f\u3001\u4f53\u80b2\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u536b\u751f\u3001\u8bed\u8a00\u8ba4\u8bc6\u73af\u5883\u3001\u624b\u5de5\u56fe\u753b\u3001\u97f3\u4e50\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u7b49\u6559\u5b66\u9879\u76ee(13)\u3002\u5c71\u4e1c\u7701\u6559\u80b2\u5385\u7f16\u5199\u4e86\u300a\u5e7c\u513f\u56ed\u6559\u517b\u5458\u5b66\u4e60\u6750\u6599\u300b\uff0c\u520611\u9879\u5185\u5bb9\u89c4\u8303\u4e86\u5e7c\u513f\u56ed\u6559\u517b\u5458\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c(14)\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u7531\u4e8e\u5b9e\u9645\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u5c40\u9650\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u8981\u6c42\u519c\u6751\u4fdd\u6559\u4eba\u5458\u5177\u5907\u4e13\u4e1a\u7684\u5e7c\u513f\u6559\u80b2\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u591a\u6570\u4fdd\u6559\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u6587\u5316\u57fa\u7840\u592a\u5dee\uff0c\u7ed9\u57f9\u8bad\u5e26\u6765\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u7f16\u5199\u7684\u6559\u6750\u4e0d\u9002\u7528\uff0c\u201c\u8001\u5e08\u8bb2\u3001\u5b66\u751f\u8bb0\u201d\u7684\u6559\u5b66\u65b9\u5f0f\u65e0\u6cd5\u5b9e\u884c\uff0c\u4f46\u57f9\u8bad\u57281957-1960\u5e74\u4ecd\u5b9a\u671f\u575a\u6301\u8fdb\u884c[33]\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u57f9\u8bad\u8d77\u5230\u4e86\u79ef\u6781\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u519c\u6751\u4fdd\u6559\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u4e1a\u52a1\u6c34\u5e73\uff0c\u4e5f\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u5979\u4eec\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u3002\u6396\u53bf\u4ead\u5b50\u4e61\u66d9\u5149\u793e\u7684\u6559\u517b\u5458\u5b59\u79c0\u73b2\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u89c9\u5f97\u201c\u81ea\u5df1\u5de5\u4f5c\u505a\u5f97\u4e0d\u9519\uff0c\u7ba1\u5f97\u5b69\u5b50\u4e0d\u54ed\u4e0d\u997f\u3001\u4e0d\u8dcc\u7740\u7838\u7740\u5c31\u884c\u4e86\u201d\u3002\u7ecf\u8fc79\u5929\u7684\u4e1a\u52a1\u57f9\u8bad\u540e\uff0c\u5979\u201c\u611f\u89c9\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u8fd8\u5dee\u5f88\u8fdc\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u68c0\u67e5\u8fc7\u53bb\u7528\u4e00\u5757\u6bdb\u5dfe\u4e00\u4e2a\u8138\u76c6\u7ed9\u5341\u51e0\u4e2a\u5b69\u5b50\u6d17\u8138\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c11\u5b69\u5b50\u5bb3\u773c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u81ea\u5df1\u7f3a\u5c11\u536b\u751f\u77e5\u8bc6\u9020\u6210\u7684\u201d(15)\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u57f9\u8bad\u53cd\u6620\u51fa\u56fd\u5bb6\u63d0\u5347\u519c\u6751\u4fdd\u6559\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u4e1a\u52a1\u6c34\u5e73\uff0c\u5c06\u4fdd\u6559\u5de5\u4f5c\u8f6c\u5411\u4e13\u4e1a\u5316\u3001\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u8bdd\u8bed\u4e0d\u518d\u5c06\u4fdd\u6559\u5de5\u4f5c\u89c6\u4f5c\u4e00\u9879\u7b80\u5355\u3001\u4f4e\u7b49\u9644\u5c5e\u4e8e\u751f\u4ea7\u52b3\u52a8\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u578b\u52b3\u52a8\uff0c\u800c\u5c06\u5b83\u89c6\u4e3a\u6216\u671f\u671b\u5b83\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u9879\u548c\u751f\u4ea7\u52b3\u52a8\u540c\u6837\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e14\u9700\u5177\u5907\u4e13\u4e1a\u6280\u80fd\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u519c\u6751\u4fdd\u6559\u4eba\u5458\u56e0\u800c\u88ab\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b98\u65b9\u8bdd\u8bed\u7eb3\u5165\u4e86\u6587\u6559\u7fa4\u4f53\uff0c\u8dfb\u8eab\u53d7\u4eba\u5c0a\u91cd\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u7684\u884c\u5217\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u601d\u60f3\u6559\u80b2\u548c\u4e1a\u52a1\u63d0\u5347\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5404\u7ea7\u5987\u8054\u8fd8\u6ce8\u91cd\u4ece\u4fdd\u6559\u4eba\u5458\u4e2d\u9009\u62d4\u79ef\u6781\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u5178\u578b\u57f9\u517b\u548c\u5956\u52b1\u8868\u5f70\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u589e\u5f3a\u5979\u4eec\u7684\u8363\u8a89\u611f\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u9f13\u52b1\u4fdd\u6559\u4eba\u5458\u597d\u597d\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u8868\u5f70\u5956\u52b1\u5236\u5ea6\u9010\u6e10\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u6765\u5e76\u91c7\u53d6\u81ea\u4e0b\u800c\u4e0a\u3001\u5c42\u5c42\u9009\u62d4\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u6709\u7684\u516c\u793e\u89c4\u5b9a\uff1a\u201c\u5bf9\u4fdd\u80b2\u5458\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u5341\u5929\u8bc4\u6bd4\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u5148\u8fdb\u7684\u5728\u793e\u5458\u5927\u4f1a\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u8868\u626c\u3002\u201d[34]\u6709\u7684\u516c\u793e\u89c4\u5b9a\uff1a\u201c\u5728\u5e74\u7ec8\u6216\u5b63\u5ea6\u7ed3\u7b97\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\u603b\u7ed3\u9009\u4e3e\u6a21\u8303\uff0c\u4e88\u4ee5\u7269\u8d44\u5956\u52b1\u3002\u201d[35]\u793e\u5185\u8bc4\u9009\u51fa\u7684\u5148\u8fdb\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u5230\u53bf\u3001\u4e13\u533a\u3001\u7701\u63a5\u53d7\u8868\u5f70\u30021959\u5e743\u67081\u65e5\u7701\u5987\u8054\u3001\u56e2\u7701\u59d4\u3001\u7701\u6559\u80b2\u5385\u3001\u7701\u536b\u751f\u5385\u3001\u7701\u6c11\u653f\u5385\u8054\u5408\u53ec\u5f00\u201c\u5c71\u4e1c\u7701\u513f\u7ae5\u798f\u5229\u5de5\u4f5c\u79ef\u6781\u5206\u5b50\u4ee3\u8868\u4f1a\u8bae\u201d\uff0c\u5c71\u4e1c\u5404\u57301200\u540d\u4ee3\u8868\u53c2\u52a0\u3002\u5927\u4f1a\u8868\u5f70\u4e8651\u4f4d\u8d21\u732e\u7a81\u51fa\u7684\u6258\u5e7c\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u5458\u548c\u798f\u5229\u5de5\u4f5c\u5e72\u90e8\uff0c\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5178\u578b\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4ea4\u6d41\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u670933\u4f4d\u662f\u519c\u6751\u4fdd\u6559\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005[36]\u3002\u5fb7\u5dde\u5e02\u590f\u6d25\u53bf\u674e\u67da\u516c\u793e\u5c0f\u4e8e\u5e84\u751f\u4ea7\u961f\u6258\u513f\u6240\u7684\u4fdd\u80b2\u5458\u8303\u5174\u8363\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e03\u5e74\u5982\u4e00\u65e5\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u7a81\u51fa\u7684\u6210\u7ee9\uff0c\u591a\u6b21\u53d7\u5230\u516c\u793e\u3001\u53bf\u5185\u7684\u8868\u626c\u548c\u5956\u52b1\u30021960\u5e74\u6625\u5929\u53c8\u51fa\u5e2d\u7701\u5987\u5973\u79ef\u6781\u5206\u5b50\u4f1a\u8bae\uff0c\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u5956\u72b6\u3001\u5956\u7ae0\u548c\u201c\u4e09\u516b\u201d\u7ea2\u65d7\u624b\u5149\u8363\u79f0\u53f7[37]\u3002\u56fd\u5bb6\u901a\u8fc7\u57f9\u517b\u5178\u578b\u3001\u8868\u5f70\u5148\u8fdb\uff0c\u589e\u5f3a\u4e86\u519c\u6751\u4fdd\u6559\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u8363\u8a89\u611f\uff0c\u6fc0\u52b1\u7740\u5979\u4eec\u505a\u51fa\u6210\u7ee9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u968f\u7740\u201c\u5927\u8dc3\u8fdb\u201d\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u63a8\u8fdb\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u5bf9\u519c\u6751\u4fdd\u6559\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u91cd\u89c6\u8fbe\u5230\u524d\u6240\u672a\u6709\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5728\u5bf9\u4fdd\u6559\u4eba\u5458\u8fdb\u884c\u601d\u60f3\u6559\u80b2\u548c\u4e1a\u52a1\u63d0\u5347\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u7a81\u51fa\u5f3a\u8c03\u4fdd\u6559\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u9ad8\u5c1a\u6027\u3001\u4e13\u4e1a\u6027\u3001\u73b0\u4ee3\u6027\uff0c\u5c06\u4fdd\u6559\u52b3\u52a8\u63d0\u5347\u5230\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u793e\u4f1a\u52b3\u52a8\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u589e\u52a0\u4fdd\u6559\u4eba\u5458\u5bf9\u804c\u4e1a\u7684\u8ba4\u540c\u611f\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5404\u79cd\u8868\u5f70\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u4f7f\u4fdd\u6559\u4eba\u5458\u83b7\u5f97\u4ee4\u4eba\u5c0a\u91cd\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u589e\u5f3a\u5979\u4eec\u7684\u8363\u8a89\u611f\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u6b63\u503c\u7269\u8d28\u532e\u4e4f\u7684\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u5bf9\u4fdd\u6559\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u5956\u52b1\u4e3b\u8981\u4f53\u73b0\u4e3a\u7cbe\u795e\u5956\u52b1\uff0c\u5373\u901a\u8fc7\u653f\u6cbb\u8868\u5f70\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5bf9\u4fdd\u6559\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u53ca\u4ed8\u51fa\u4e88\u4ee5\u627f\u8ba4\u548c\u80af\u5b9a\uff0c\u8fd9\u8ba9\u519c\u6751\u4fdd\u6559\u4eba\u5458\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u6781\u5927\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u6ee1\u8db3\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6ee1\u8db3\u611f\u548c\u8363\u8a89\u611f\u662f\u4ece\u5bb6\u5ead\u751f\u6d3b\u548c\u5bb6\u52a1\u52b3\u52a8\u4e2d\u65e0\u6cd5\u83b7\u53d6\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/jiliuwang.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/20210104071818_71017.jpg\" alt=\"\u4ece\u201c\u5e2e\u5fd9\u770b\u5b69\u5b50\u201d\u5230\u201c\u4e3a\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u57f9\u80b2\u5e7c\u82d7\u201d \u2014\u2014\u5c71\u4e1c\u519c\u6751\u4fdd\u6559\u4eba\u5458\u7814\u7a76(1951-1961)-\u6fc0\u6d41\u7f51\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u56db\u3001\u201c\u4e3a\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u57f9\u80b2\u5e7c\u82d7\u201d\uff1a\u4fdd\u6559\u4eba\u5458\u81ea\u6211\u8ba4\u540c\u3001\u52aa\u529b\u53ca\u5f71\u54cd<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u56fd\u5bb6\u8bdd\u8bed\u5bf9\u519c\u6751\u4fdd\u6559\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u91cd\u5851\uff0c\u4f7f\u5979\u4eec\u6df1\u6df1\u611f\u5230\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u540d\u57f9\u517b\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u63a5\u73ed\u4eba\u7684\u4fdd\u80b2\u5458\u3001\u6559\u517b\u5458\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4ef6\u5d07\u9ad8\u800c\u5149\u8363\u7684\u4e8b\u4e1a\u3002\u6396\u53bf\u53cc\u5c71\u533a\u738b\u5c0f\u4e61\u738b\u5c0f\u5408\u4f5c\u793e\u7684\u6559\u517b\u5458\u6797\u6dd1\u82b3\u5728\u6a21\u8303\u4e8b\u8ff9\u6c47\u62a5\u4f1a\u4e0a\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u8fc7\u53bb\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e0a\u4e0d\u5b89\u5fc3\uff0c\u4e0a\u8857\u90fd\u89c9\u5f97\u62ac\u4e0d\u8d77\u5934\u6765\uff0c\u89c9\u5f97\u522b\u4eba\u77a7\u4e0d\u8d77\u54b1\uff0c\u53c8\u5acc\u5de5\u5206\u5c11\uff0c\u4e0d\u5982\u4e0b\u5761\u5e72\u6d3b\u75db\u5feb\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u5fc3\u91cc\u4eae\u5802\u4e86\uff0c\u77e5\u9053\u4e86\u54b1\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u5f88\u5149\u8363\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u5efa\u8bbe\u4e8b\u4e1a\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u54b1\u4eec\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u89e3\u653e\u4e0d\u4e86\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5987\u5973\u53c2\u52a0\u751f\u4ea7\u3002\u54b1\u8fd9\u662f\u5728\u4e3a\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u57f9\u80b2\u5e7c\u82d7\uff0c\u662f\u4e3a\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u505a\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u4efb\u52a1\u5149\u8363\u8270\u5de8\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u5c31\u662f\u4e0d\u7ed9\u5de5\u5206\uff0c\u4ffa\u4e5f\u5f97\u597d\u597d\u5e72\u3002\u201d[38]\u8fd9\u79cd\u7531\u8ba4\u540c\u6fc0\u53d1\u51fa\u7684\u70ed\u60c5\uff0c\u4fc3\u4f7f\u5927\u91cf\u9752\u58ee\u5e74\u5987\u5973\u6295\u8eab\u4fdd\u6559\u5de5\u4f5c(16)\uff0c\u8ba9\u5979\u4eec\u201c\u53d8\u88ab\u52a8\u4e3a\u4e3b\u52a8\u201d\uff0c\u5728\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u6811\u7acb\u4e86\u6562\u60f3\u6562\u5e72\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u514b\u670d\u4e86\u5b9e\u9645\u56f0\u96be\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8981\u987a\u5229\u529e\u8d77\u6258\u513f\u6240\uff0c\u8ba9\u6bcd\u4eb2\u5b89\u5fc3\u9001\u6258\u5b69\u5b50\u662f\u524d\u63d0\uff0c\u5b69\u5b50\u5165\u6258\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u5b89\u629a\u3001\u7167\u987e\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u5b69\u5b50\u5219\u662f\u201c\u57f9\u80b2\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u5e7c\u82d7\u201d\u7684\u5173\u952e\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4fdd\u6559\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u4fdd\u6559\u4eba\u5458\u6295\u5165\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u7cbe\u529b\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u4ece\u4e09\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u5c55\u5f00\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5176\u4e00\uff0c\u53d6\u5f97\u5b69\u5b50\u6bcd\u4eb2\u7684\u4fe1\u4efb\uff0c\u57f9\u517b\u548c\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u611f\u60c5\uff0c\u7528\u771f\u5fc3\u6253\u52a8\u5b69\u5b50\u548c\u5bb6\u957f\u3002\u52a8\u5458\u5b69\u5b50\u5165\u6258\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u4fdd\u6559\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u96be\u70b9\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5373\u4fbf\u6bcd\u4eb2\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u628a\u5b69\u5b50\u9001\u6258\u80fd\u591f\u66f4\u5b89\u5fc3\u5730\u4e0b\u5730\u52b3\u52a8\uff0c\u4e8b\u5230\u4e34\u5934\u603b\u662f\u6709\u4eba\u89c9\u5f97\u4e0d\u653e\u5fc3\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u5988\u5988\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u4ffa\u8fd9\u5b69\u5b50\u957f\u8fd9\u4e48\u5927\u6ca1\u79bb\u8fc7\u6211\u7684\u8eab\uff0c\u6211\u5230\u8305\u91cc\u8fd8\u8ddf\u5728\u540e\u8fb9\uff0c\u53eb\u522b\u4eba\u770b\u4e0d\u529e\u4e8b\u3002\u8fc7\u4e24\u5929\u4eba\u5bb6\u90fd\u9001\u54b1\u518d\u9001\u3002\u201d[17]\u4e3a\u4e86\u4e89\u53d6\u8ba9\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u5165\u6258\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c11\u4fdd\u6559\u4eba\u5458\u6328\u5bb6\u6328\u6237\u505a\u52a8\u5458\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u590f\u6d25\u53bf\u4fdd\u80b2\u5458\u8303\u5174\u8363\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u8ba9\u5b69\u5b50\u5165\u6258\uff0c\u201c\u5979\u5c31\u4e1c\u8dd1\u897f\u5954\uff0c\u82e6\u53e3\u5a46\u5fc3\uff0c\u6328\u95e8\u6328\u6237\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5ba3\u4f20\u6258\u513f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5bf9\u751f\u4ea7\u3001\u5bf9\u5b69\u5b50\u3001\u5bf9\u6bcd\u4eb2\u7684\u597d\u5904\u3002\u5979\u9996\u5148\u53bb\u5b69\u5b50\u591a\u7684\u6237\u53bb\u52a8\u5458\uff0c\u4e00\u9762\u5e2e\u4eba\u5bb6\u5237\u9505\u505a\u996d\uff0c\u62b1\u5b69\u5b50\uff0c\u4e00\u9762\u63d0\u51fa\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e00\u5b9a\u80fd\u628a\u5b69\u5b50\u770b\u597d\u201d\u3002\u7b49\u548c\u5b69\u5b50\u53ca\u6bcd\u4eb2\u90fd\u719f\u6089\u4e86\uff0c\u5c31\u52a8\u5458\u5b69\u5b50\u5165\u6258[37]\u3002\u5bff\u5149\u53bf\u4fdd\u80b2\u5458\u590f\u7231\u7f8e\u7528\u5b69\u5b50\u65e0\u4eba\u770b\u7ba1\u800c\u53d1\u751f\u4f24\u4ea1\u4e8b\u6545\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u6559\u80b2\u5bb6\u957f\uff0c\u5e76\u5411\u4ed6\u4eec\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f1a\u628a\u5b69\u5b50\u770b\u597d\u3002\u5bb6\u957f\u89c1\u5979\u6001\u5ea6\u8bda\u6073\uff0c\u5c31\u540c\u610f\u5c06\u5b69\u5b50\u9001\u5230\u6258\u513f\u6240[39]\u3002\u5b69\u5b50\u4eec\u5165\u56ed\u5165\u6258\u540e\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u4fdd\u6559\u4eba\u5458\u4e3a\u4e86\u65b9\u4fbf\u5b69\u5b50\u6bcd\u4eb2\u53c2\u52a0\u751f\u4ea7\u52b3\u52a8\uff0c\u8fd8\u5bf9\u5de5\u4f5c\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5f39\u6027\u8c03\u6574\u3002\u4fdd\u80b2\u5458\u8303\u8363\u5174\u4e00\u76f4\u575a\u6301\u201c\u628a\u65b9\u4fbf\u7559\u7ed9\u5988\u5988\uff0c\u628a\u56f0\u96be\u7559\u7ed9\u81ea\u5df1\u201d\uff1a\u5988\u5988\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u9001\u5b69\u5b50\u5979\u5c31\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u6536\uff0c\u54ea\u6015\u662f\u6b63\u5728\u5403\u996d\u3002\u53ea\u8981\u9001\u5b69\u5b50\u6765\uff0c\u5979\u5c31\u8fde\u5fd9\u653e\u4e0b\u7897\u7b77\u63a5\u8fc7\u5b69\u5b50\u5728\u6000\u91cc\uff0c\u6216\u653e\u5728\u7095\u4e0a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6bcd\u4eb2\u4eec\u4e0d\u8bba\u662f\u522e\u98ce\u4e0b\u96e8\u3001\u63a8\u78e8\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u8fde\u6d17\u8863\u670d\u3001\u505a\u9488\u7ebf\u6d3b\u3001\u8d70\u4eb2\u621a\u90fd\u628a\u5b69\u5b50\u9001\u53bb[37]\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5b69\u5b50\u521a\u5165\u6258\u513f\u6240\u65f6\u5e76\u4e0d\u9002\u5e94\u96c6\u4f53\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u50cf\u6728\u5076\u4e00\u6837\u4e00\u52a8\u4e0d\u52a8\uff1b\u4e5f\u6709\u7684\u54ed\u95f9\u4e0d\u6b62\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b69\u5b50\u54ed\uff0c\u5f15\u8d77\u8fd120\u4e2a\u5b69\u5b50\u4e00\u8d77\u54ed\uff1b\u6709\u7684\u8d81\u7740\u4fdd\u80b2\u5458\u4e0d\u6ce8\u610f\u5077\u5077\u5f80\u5bb6\u8dd1[40]\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u5f15\u8d77\u5bb6\u957f\u7684\u4e0d\u6ee1\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u7b49\u5b69\u5b50\u56de\u5bb6\u591a\u65b9\u6253\u542c\u5b69\u5b50\u5728\u6258\u513f\u6240\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u62b1\u5c48\uff1b\u6709\u7684\u5728\u5b69\u5b50\u5165\u56ed\u4e4b\u524d\u79f0\u4f53\u91cd\uff0c\u56de\u5bb6\u518d\u79f0\u79f0\uff0c\u770b\u6389\u79e4\u4e86\u6ca1\u6709[41]\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u830c\u5e73\u53bf\u4e09\u91cc\u6258\u513f\u6240\u7684\u4fdd\u6559\u4eba\u5458\uff0c\u201c\u91c7\u53d6\u56fa\u5b9a\u51e0\u4e2a\u4eba\u770b\u51e0\u4e2a\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u548c\u5b69\u5b50\u57f9\u517b\u611f\u60c5\u201d[40]\uff0c\u7528\u8010\u5fc3\u7ec6\u5fc3\u6765\u6362\u53d6\u5b69\u5b50\u548c\u5bb6\u957f\u7684\u4fe1\u4efb\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u201c\u4e2a\u522b\u6dd8\u6c14\u7684\uff0c\u4fdd\u80b2\u5458\u5c31\u8f6e\u6d41\u62b1\u7740\u201d\uff0c\u7ed9\u5b69\u5b50\u505a\u5404\u79cd\u597d\u73a9\u7684\u73a9\u5177\uff0c\u9886\u7740\u5b69\u5b50\u4eec\u5230\u5730\u91cc\u53bb\u73a9\u3002\u201c\u65e9\u4e0a\u5b69\u5b50\u6765\u4e0d\u4e86\u4fbf\u53bb\u63a5\uff0c\u665a\u4e0a\u6bcd\u4eb2\u751f\u4ea7\u5fd9\u4e0d\u6765\u5c31\u53bb\u9001\u3002\u5348\u996d\u65f6\u6bcd\u4eb2\u5728\u5730\u91cc\u5e72\u6d3b\u4e0d\u56de\u6765\uff0c\u5c31\u628a\u5b69\u5b50\u9886\u5230\u98df\u5802\u5403\u996d\uff0c\u5f88\u5c0f\u7684\u513f\u7ae5\u9001\u5230\u5730\u91cc\u53bb\u5403\u5976\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u54ed\u95f9\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u4e0d\u54ed\u95f9\u4e86\uff0c\u5077\u542c\u5077\u770b\u7684\u5bb6\u957f\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u4e86\u3002\u201d[40]\u201c\u591a\u6570\u5b69\u5b50\u5bf9\u6258\u513f\u6240\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u611f\u60c5\uff0c\u665a\u4e0a\u56de\u5bb6\u65f6\u5e38\u8bf4\uff1a\u2018\u4e0a\u56ed\u4e0a\u56ed\u2019\uff0c\u5728\u8857\u4e0a\u78b0\u5230\u4fdd\u80b2\u5458\u5f88\u8fdc\u5c31\u53eb\u5a18\u3002\u201d\u5b69\u5b50\u6bcd\u4eb2\u4eec\u90fd\u89c9\u5f97\u5f88\u653e\u5fc3\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u9634\u5929\u4e5f\u8981\u628a\u5b69\u5b50\u9001\u8fdb\u6258\u513f\u6240[40]\u3002\u4fdd\u80b2\u5458\u8303\u5174\u8363\uff0c\u4e03\u5e74\u5982\u4e00\u65e5\u50cf\u5988\u5988\u4e00\u6837\u7167\u987e\u5b69\u5b50\uff0c\u201c\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u5b69\u5b50\u90fd\u662f\u4ece\u51fa\u751f\u51e0\u4e2a\u6708\u7167\u987e\u5230\u516b\u5c81\u51fa\u56ed\u201d[37]\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u5c0f\u5b69\u9001\u6765\u65f6\u53c8\u7626\u53c8\u5c0f\uff0c\u5728\u5979\u7684\u7167\u987e\u4e0b\u90fd\u53d8\u80d6\u957f\u9ad8\uff0c\u5065\u5eb7\u53ef\u7231\u3002\u5979\u56e0\u4e3a\u5de5\u4f5c\u51fa\u8272\uff0c\u5728\u6751\u5b50\u91cc\u53d7\u5230\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u7231\u6234\uff0c\u88ab\u79f0\u4f5c\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u597d\u5988\u5988\uff0c\u5979\u5e26\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u4e2a\u4e2a\u4e0d\u613f\u79bb\u5f00\u5979[37]\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5176\u4e8c\uff0c\u7528\u591a\u6837\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6559\u80b2\u5b69\u5b50\uff0c\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u7231\u56fd\u5bb6\u3001\u7231\u52b3\u52a8\u3001\u61c2\u793c\u8c8c\u3001\u6709\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002\u8303\u53bf\u5f90\u5e84\u6258\u513f\u6240\u6559\u517b\u5458\u738b\u7389\u5170\u548c\u5f90\u7389\u6843\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u9002\u5408\u519c\u6751\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u548c\u6e38\u620f\u3002\u201c\u901a\u8fc7\u6d3b\u52a8\u5411\u5b69\u5b50\u8fdb\u884c\u7231\u515a\u3001\u7231\u9886\u8896\u3001\u7231\u96c6\u4f53\u3001\u7231\u52b3\u52a8\u3001\u7231\u62a4\u516c\u5171\u8d22\u7269\u548c\u56e2\u7ed3\u4e92\u52a9\u7684\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u9053\u5fb7\u54c1\u8d28\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u3002\u5e26\u5b69\u5b50\u4eec\u5230\u7530\u95f4\u73a9\u65f6\uff0c\u6559\u7ed9\u5b69\u5b50\u8fa8\u8ba4\u5730\u91cc\u7684\u5e84\u7a3c\uff0c\u6811\u6728\u4ee5\u53ca\u8bb2\u89e3\u7231\u62a4\u6811\u6728\u3001\u5e84\u7a3c\u7684\u5e38\u8bc6\uff0c\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4eec\u90fd\u77e5\u9053\u7231\u62a4\u5e84\u7a3c\u548c\u6811\u6728\u53ca\u5b83\u4eec\u5bf9\u7956\u56fd\u5efa\u8bbe\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u610f\u4e49\u201d[42]\u3002\u5b69\u5b50\u4eec\u559c\u6b22\u5531\u6b4c\uff0c\u738b\u7389\u5170\u5c31\u8fb9\u5531\u8fb9\u6559\uff1a\u201c\u5c0f\u98de\u673a\uff0c\u5929\u4e0a\u98de\uff1b\u98de\u5230\u4e1c\uff0c\u98de\u5230\u897f\uff1b\u8bf7\u4f60\u5e26\u6211\u5230\u5317\u4eac\u53bb\uff0c\u770b\u770b\u4eb2\u7231\u7684\u6bdb\u4e3b\u5e2d\uff01\u201d\u201c\u6211\u662f\u5c0f\u519c\u6c11\uff0c\u8bfb\u4e66\u53c8\u79cd\u5730\uff1b\u519c\u5fd9\u65f6\u5019\u52e4\u52b3\u52a8\uff0c\u6709\u4e86\u95f2\u7a7a\u5c31\u5b66\u4e60\uff1b\u4eba\u4e0d\u5b66\u4e60\u4e0d\u957f\u8fdb\uff0c\u4eba\u4e0d\u52b3\u52a8\u6ca1\u51fa\u606f\u3002\u201d[43]\u84ec\u83b1\u53bf\u4fdd\u80b2\u5458\u5f20\u745e\u5170\u6559\u80b2\u5b69\u5b50\u4eec\u201c\u5411\u6bdb\u4e3b\u5e2d\u884c\u793c\uff0c\u56de\u5bb6\u5411\u5bb6\u957f\u884c\u793c\uff0c\u5bf9\u8001\u5e74\u4eba\u3001\u957f\u8005\u3001\u89e3\u653e\u519b\u6ce8\u610f\u793c\u8c8c\u3002\u5c0f\u670b\u53cb\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e0d\u6253\u67b6\u3001\u4e0d\u9a82\u4eba\u3001\u4e0d\u54ed\u201d[22]\u3002\u5979\u8fd8\u7528\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6559\u5b69\u5b50\u4eec\u8bc6\u5b57\u7b97\u6570\uff0c\u8ba9\u5b69\u5b50\u4eec\u90fd\u80fd\u8bf4\u51fa\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7c4d\u8d2f\u4f4f\u5740\uff0c\u7528\u4e24\u4e2a\u6708\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6559\u201c\u6bcf\u4eba\u90fd\u5b66\u4f1a\u4e86\u4e8c\u5341\u591a\u4e2a\u5b57\uff0c\u4e94\u4e2a\u6570\u7801\u201d\u3002\u5b69\u5b50\u89c9\u5f97\u8001\u5b66\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6ca1\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u5f20\u745e\u5170\u5c31\u628a\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e26\u5230\u6d77\u6cbf\u73a9\uff0c\u8fd8\u7ed9\u4ed6\u4eec\u62c9\u80e1\u7434\u542c[22]\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5176\u4e09\uff0c\u7528\u73b0\u4ee3\u536b\u751f\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u5475\u62a4\u5b69\u5b50\u8eab\u5fc3\u5065\u5eb7\u3002\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u65e9\u671f\uff0c\u519c\u6751\u6258\u513f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u804c\u8d23\u9010\u6e10\u4ece\u201c\u5b89\u5168\u80b2\u513f\u201d\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u201c\u536b\u751f\u80b2\u513f\u201d\u3002\u4fdd\u6559\u4eba\u5458\u662f\u8fd9\u4e00\u8f6c\u53d8\u7684\u8df5\u884c\u8005\u3002\u5979\u4eec\u653e\u5f03\u4e86\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u80b2\u513f\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u7528\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684\u536b\u751f\u89c2\u5ff5\u6765\u7167\u7ba1\u5b69\u5b50\uff0c\u5982\u201c\u5efa\u7acb\u2018\u4e09\u67e5\u2019\u2018\u56db\u65e9\u4e00\u597d\u2019\u2018\u56db\u63a5\u79cd\u2019\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\u7684\u9884\u9632\u5236\u5ea6\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u57f9\u517b\u5a74\u5e7c\u513f\u7528\u6d41\u52a8\u6c34\u6d17\u624b\u3001\u5b9a\u671f\u526a\u6307\u7532\u3001\u4e0d\u7a7f\u571f\u88e4\u5b50\u7b49\u536b\u751f\u4e60\u60ef\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u62d2\u7edd\u62d2\u7edd\u5582\u98df\uff0c\u5b9e\u884c\u4e00\u4eba\u4e00\u7897\u4e00\u5319\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u996e\u98df\u536b\u751f\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u5e2e\u52a9\u5a74\u5e7c\u513f\u9002\u5e94\u6309\u65f6\u996e\u98df\u3001\u6392\u4fbf\u3001\u7761\u89c9\u7b49\u89c4\u5f8b\u5316\u751f\u6d3b\u201d[44]\u3002\u5979\u4eec\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4f7f\u5b69\u5b50\u5728\u6258\u513f\u6240\u80fd\u591f\u5065\u5eb7\u6210\u957f\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u9010\u6e10\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u5bb6\u957f\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u548c\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u80b2\u513f\u65b9\u5f0f(17)\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4fdd\u6559\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u771f\u8bda\u4ed8\u51fa\u4e0e\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u4e0e\u5979\u4eec\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u601d\u60f3\u89c9\u609f\u548c\u4e1a\u52a1\u6c34\u5e73\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u79bb\u4e0d\u5f00\u5979\u4eec\u5bf9\u4fdd\u6559\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u5f3a\u70c8\u8ba4\u540c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ece\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u6ee1\u8db3\u611f\u3001\u5e78\u798f\u611f\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u84ec\u83b1\u53bf\u4fdd\u80b2\u5458\u5f20\u745e\u5170\u6240\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u7684\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u6bcf\u5f53\u6211\u505a\u5b8c\u4e86\u4e00\u5929\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u770b\u5230\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u5988\u5988\u4eec\u6210\u7fa4\u7ed3\u961f\u7684\u4ece\u5730\u91cc\u5f52\u6765\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u5c31\u611f\u5230\u5e78\u798f\u548c\u6109\u5feb\uff0c\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\uff0c\u6211\u540c\u6837\u662f\u5728\u505a\u7740\u4e00\u4ef6\u91cd\u5927\u800c\u53c8\u662f\u5e73\u51e1\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u8fc7\u53bb\u6211\u66fe\u5e7b\u60f3\u8fc7\u957f\u5927\u4e86\u505a\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u6709\u7528\u7684\u4eba\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5374\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u4e5f\u4e0d\u660e\u767d\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u201c\u6709\u7528\u7684\u4eba\u201d,\u4eca\u5929\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u52b3\u52a8\u548c\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u6211\u624d\u61c2\u5f97\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\uff1a\u7528\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\uff0c\u4e3a\u5927\u5bb6\u6362\u6765\u5e78\u798f\u7684\u4eba\u624d\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u6709\u7528\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u5e78\u798f\u548c\u8363\u8a89\u4e5f\u540c\u65f6\u7ed9\u4e88\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4eba[22]\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u4fdd\u6559\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u4e0b\uff0c\u5c71\u4e1c\u5404\u5730\u6258\u513f\u6240\u3001\u5e7c\u513f\u56ed\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u5927\u4e3a\u6539\u5584\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6a21\u8303\u5e7c\u513f\u56ed\u57fa\u672c\u8fbe\u5230\u201c\u56db\u597d\u201d(\u6559\u80b2\u597d\u3001\u62a4\u7406\u597d\u3001\u73a9\u5f97\u597d\u3001\u536b\u751f\u597d)\uff1b\u201c\u4e09\u6ee1\u610f\u201d(\u9886\u5bfc\u6ee1\u610f\u3001\u7236\u6bcd\u6ee1\u610f\u3001\u5b69\u5b50\u6ee1\u610f)\uff1b\u201c\u4e24\u65e0\u6709\u201d(\u65e0\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u3001\u65e0\u610f\u5916\u4e8b\u6545)[37]\u3002\u5979\u4eec\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u4e5f\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5bb6\u957f\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u8bdd\u8bed\u7684\u8ba4\u53ef\u3002\u201c\u5bb6\u957f\u4eec\u770b\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u5728\u6258\u513f\u6240\u548c\u5e7c\u513f\u56ed\u751f\u6d3b\u5f97\u5f88\u5e78\u798f\uff0c\u53c8\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u597d\uff0c\u90fd\u6ee1\u610f\u5730\u8bf4\uff1a\u2018\u5b69\u5b50\u5728\u6258\u513f\u6240\u3001\u5e7c\u513f\u56ed\uff0c\u6bd4\u81ea\u5df1\u770b\u7ba1\u597d\u5f97\u591a\u3002\u2019\u201d[45]1960\u5e74\u4e09\u516b\u5987\u5973\u8282\u524d\u5915\uff0c\u300a\u4eba\u6c11\u65e5\u62a5\u300b\u53d1\u6587\u5bf9\u4fdd\u6559\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u53ca\u4ef7\u503c\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u9ad8\u5ea6\u8bc4\u4ef7\uff1a\u201c\u4fdd\u80b2\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\u4eec\u5177\u6709\u5bf9\u96c6\u4f53\u4e8b\u4e1a\u4f53\u8d34\u5165\u5fae\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5979\u4eec\u6709\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7684\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u89c9\u609f\uff0c\u80f8\u895f\u5f00\u9614\u3001\u76ee\u5149\u8fdc\u5927\uff0c\u628a\u522b\u4eba\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3001\u96c6\u4f53\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u770b\u4f5c\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u5173\u5fc3\u96c6\u4f53\u80dc\u8fc7\u5173\u5fc3\u4e2a\u4eba\uff0c\u4f53\u8d34\u522b\u4eba\u80dc\u8fc7\u7167\u987e\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u662f\u5165\u7ec6\u5165\u5fae\uff0c\u65e0\u6240\u4e0d\u81f3\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u9762\u8c8c\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5fd8\u6211\u7684\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u98ce\u683c\u3002\u6709\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u98ce\u683c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4e8b\u60c5\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u529e\u5f97\u66f4\u597d\u3002\u201d[46]\u5728\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b98\u65b9\u8bdd\u8bed\u7684\u652f\u6301\u4e0b\uff0c\u519c\u6751\u4fdd\u6559\u4eba\u5458\u51ed\u7740\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u548c\u4ed8\u51fa\u8d62\u5f97\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5c0a\u91cd\u548c\u8ba4\u53ef\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4f7f\u4fdd\u6559\u5de5\u4f5c\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u9ad8\u5c1a\u7684\u4e8b\u4e1a\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f7f\u5979\u4eec\u4e2a\u4f53\u751f\u547d\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u5f97\u5230\u5f70\u663e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u4fdd\u6559\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u8fd8\u6f5c\u79fb\u9ed8\u5316\u7684\u6539\u53d8\u7740\u519c\u6751\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u7b14\u8005\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u660e\u663e\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u5176\u4e00\uff0c\u5b69\u5b50\u6bcd\u4eb2\u6216\u591a\u6216\u5c11\u5730\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u80b2\u513f\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u4fdd\u6559\u5458\u628a\u536b\u751f\u77e5\u8bc6\u6559\u7ed9\u5b69\u5b50\uff0c\u5b69\u5b50\u5728\u5bb6\u4e5f\u4f1a\u575a\u6301\u5e76\u5f71\u54cd\u5230\u7236\u6bcd\u3002\u5982\u804a\u57ce\u8398\u53bf\u8303\u6069\u6ce2\u4e09\u5c81\u7684\u5c0f\u5b59\u5b50\uff0c\u6bcf\u996d\u524d\u4e0d\u6d17\u624b\u4e0d\u5403\u996d\uff0c\u8fd8\u8981\u6c42\u5927\u4eba\u6d17\u624b[17]\u3002\u5373\u58a8\u53bf\u57ce\u9633\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8015\u533a\u4fdd\u80b2\u5458\u674e\u65b0\u534e\uff0c\u6559\u80b2\u5b69\u5b50\u8981\u517b\u6210\u8bb2\u536b\u751f\u7684\u4e60\u60ef\uff0c\u52e4\u6362\u8863\u670d\u3001\u52e4\u526a\u6307\u7532\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u5988\u5988\u6ca1\u65f6\u95f4\u6d17\uff0c\u5979\u5c31\u7ed9\u5b69\u5b50\u4eec\u6d17\uff0c\u8fd9\u4fc3\u4f7f\u6bcd\u4eb2\u4eec\u4e5f\u683c\u5916\u6ce8\u610f\u5b69\u5b50\u4eec\u7684\u536b\u751f[23]\u3002\u5fb7\u53bf\u5b59\u5bb6\u793e\u9ec4\u91d1\u679d\u4ee5\u524d\u76f4\u63a5\u4ece\u7f38\u5185\u8200\u6c34\u7ed9\u5b69\u5b50\u559d\uff0c\u5b69\u5b50\u544a\u8bc9\u5979\u559d\u751f\u6c34\u5bb9\u6613\u751f\u75c5\u3001\u6cfb\u809a\uff0c\u5979\u5c31\u4e0d\u7ed9\u5b69\u5b50\u559d\u4e86[14]\u3002\u5176\u4e8c\uff0c\u4fdd\u6559\u4eba\u5458\u548c\u5b69\u5b50\u53ca\u5b69\u5b50\u6bcd\u4eb2\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u9010\u6e10\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u578b\u7684\u4eba\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5982\u4fdd\u80b2\u5458\u8303\u5174\u8363\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6570\u5e74\u5982\u4e00\u65e5\u4e00\u5fc3\u6251\u5728\u5b69\u5b50\u8eab\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f7f\u5b69\u5b50\u6bcd\u4eb2\u5927\u4e3a\u611f\u52a8\uff0c\u7ecf\u5e38\u4e3b\u52a8\u5230\u5979\u5bb6\u91cc\u53bb\u5e2e\u5fd9\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5e74\u8282\u4e0d\u53bb\u9001\u5b69\u5b50\uff0c\u4e5f\u8981\u53bb\u770b\u671b\u5979\uff0c\u7ed9\u5979\u9001\u4e9b\u793c\u7269\u3002\u5b69\u5b50\u4ece\u59e5\u59e5\u5bb6\u56de\u6765\uff0c\u4e0d\u56de\u5bb6\uff0c\u5148\u53bb\u770b\u8303\u5174\u8363\uff0c\u6402\u7740\u5979\u7684\u8116\u5b50\u4e0d\u653e\u624b[37]\u3002\u830c\u5e73\u53bf\u4e09\u91cc\u6258\u513f\u6240\u7684\u4fdd\u6559\u4eba\u5458\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7167\u987e\u5b69\u5b50\u7ec6\u81f4\u3001\u6709\u6df1\u539a\u7684\u611f\u60c5\uff0c\u5b69\u5b50\u90fd\u53eb\u5979\u4eec\u201c\u5a18\u201d\u3002\u5b69\u5b50\u6bcd\u4eb2\u5373\u4f7f\u4e0d\u4e0b\u5730\uff0c\u8d70\u4eb2\u621a\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u4e5f\u613f\u610f\u628a\u5b69\u5b50\u9001\u5230\u6258\u513f\u6240\uff0c\u89c9\u5f97\u201c\u8ddf\u7740\u6258\u513f\u6240\u7684\u5a18\uff0c\u6bd4\u8ddf\u7740\u81ea\u5df1\u8fd8\u653e\u5fc3\u201d[38]\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u5316\u4e0e\u5b69\u5b50\u6bcd\u4eb2\u4eec\u4ece\u524d\u7684\u7126\u8651\u548c\u5404\u79cd\u4e0d\u653e\u5fc3\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u9c9c\u660e\u7684\u5bf9\u7167\u3002\u4fdd\u6559\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u7528\u5fc3\u4ed8\u51fa\uff0c\u6362\u5f97\u4e86\u5b69\u5b50\u548c\u6bcd\u4eb2\u4eec\u7684\u771f\u60c5\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u60c5\u611f\u548c\u4fe1\u4efb\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u7684\u65b0\u578b\u4eba\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u6b63\u5728\u519c\u6751\u793e\u4f1a\u5f62\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/jiliuwang.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/20210104071831_69128.jpg\" alt=\"\u4ece\u201c\u5e2e\u5fd9\u770b\u5b69\u5b50\u201d\u5230\u201c\u4e3a\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u57f9\u80b2\u5e7c\u82d7\u201d \u2014\u2014\u5c71\u4e1c\u519c\u6751\u4fdd\u6559\u4eba\u5458\u7814\u7a76(1951-1961)-\u6fc0\u6d41\u7f51\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4e94\u3001\u4f59\u8bba<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u519c\u6751\u6258\u513f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\uff0c\u65e2\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u4eba\u6309\u7167\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u5987\u5973\u89e3\u653e\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u5b9e\u73b0\u5987\u5973\u89e3\u653e\u7684\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f70\u663e\u4e86\u5176\u5bf9\u4f20\u7edf\u519c\u6751\u793e\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u6539\u9020\u7684\u51b3\u5fc3\u3002\u968f\u7740\u56fd\u5bb6\u5bf9\u201c\u5927\u8dc3\u8fdb\u201d\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u53cd\u601d\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u76f8\u5173\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u8c03\u6574\uff0c\u519c\u6751\u6258\u513f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u57281961\u5e74\u540e\u7eb7\u7eb7\u9677\u5165\u505c\u529e\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4fdd\u6559\u4eba\u5458\u4e5f\u968f\u4e4b\u9000\u51fa\u5386\u53f2\u821e\u53f0(18)\uff0c\u4fdd\u6559\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u5374\u6298\u5c04\u51fa\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u65e9\u671f\u5173\u4e8e\u5987\u5973\u89e3\u653e\u4e0e\u519c\u6751\u6539\u9020\u7684\u591a\u65b9\u9762\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5efa\u7acb\u519c\u6751\u6258\u513f\u6240\u3001\u5c06\u7167\u6599\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u793e\u4f1a\u5316\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u62ac\u5347\u5230\u4e0e\u751f\u4ea7\u52b3\u52a8\u540c\u7b49\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u8bd5\u56fe\u6253\u7834\u4f20\u7edf\u6027\u522b\u4f53\u5236\u5bf9\u6027\u522b\u5206\u5de5\u7684\u754c\u5b9a\u3002\u4ece\u519c\u6751\u4fdd\u6559\u4eba\u5458\u5168\u90e8\u662f\u5973\u6027\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u52aa\u529b\u7684\u6210\u679c\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u7167\u6599\u513f\u7ae5\u4ecd\u88ab\u754c\u5b9a\u4e3a\u662f\u5973\u6027\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5bb6\u52a1\u4e0e\u5973\u6027\u7684\u5185\u5728\u903b\u8f91\u5173\u7cfb\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u6253\u7834\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u52aa\u529b\u5bf9\u519c\u6751\u5973\u6027\u53ca\u519c\u6751\u793e\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u5374\u4e0d\u5e94\u88ab\u4f4e\u4f30\u3002\u56fd\u5bb6\u52a8\u5458\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u5987\u5973\u52a0\u5165\u4fdd\u6559\u961f\u4f0d\u5e76\u5bf9\u5176\u793e\u4f1a\u8eab\u4efd\u8fdb\u884c\u91cd\u5851\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u4ea6\u662f\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u4eba\u6309\u7167\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6784\u60f3\u5bf9\u519c\u6751\u8fdb\u884c\u6539\u9020\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5c06\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u7231\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u5987\u5973\u89e3\u653e\u3001\u73b0\u4ee3\u536b\u751f\u3001\u513f\u7ae5\u57f9\u80b2\u7b49\u89c2\u5ff5\u5411\u519c\u6751\u793e\u4f1a\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u9762\u4e34\u79cd\u79cd\u6311\u6218\u4e0e\u56f0\u5883\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u4fdd\u6559\u4eba\u5458\u8fd8\u662f\u79ef\u6781\u5730\u54cd\u5e94\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u53f7\u53ec\uff0c\u5979\u4eec\u4e0d\u4ec5\u70ed\u60c5\u5730\u6295\u8eab\u5176\u4e2d\u3001\u514b\u670d\u91cd\u91cd\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u5404\u79cd\u9887\u4e3a\u7075\u6d3b\u3001\u6709\u6548\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5b8c\u6210\u515a\u4ea4\u7ed9\u5979\u4eec\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u5728\u8bf8\u591a\u73b0\u4ee3\u7406\u5ff5\u5411\u519c\u6751\u793e\u4f1a\u6e17\u900f\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4fdd\u6559\u4eba\u5458\u53d1\u6325\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0d\u5e94\u53ea\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5bf9\u56fd\u5bb6\u8bdd\u8bed\u7684\u670d\u4ece\u3002\u5728\u519c\u6751\u4fdd\u6559\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u52c7\u6c14\u3001\u667a\u6167\u3001\u70ed\u60c5\uff0c\u5979\u4eec\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u4e5f\u6b63\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u8ffd\u5bfb\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u6545\u4e8b\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u519c\u6751\u4fdd\u6559\u4eba\u5458\u5728\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u5982\u6619\u82b1\u4e00\u73b0\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u5979\u4eec\u7684\u4ed8\u51fa\u4e0e\u52aa\u529b\u5e76\u672a\u968f\u7740\u519c\u6751\u4fdd\u6559\u7fa4\u4f53\u6de1\u51fa\u56fd\u5bb6\u8bdd\u8bed\u800c\u5316\u4e3a\u4e4c\u6709\u3002\u5979\u4eec\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u519c\u6c11\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u4e60\u60ef\u3001\u80b2\u513f\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e5f\u91cd\u65b0\u5851\u9020\u7740\u519c\u6751\u793e\u4f1a\u4eba\u4e0e\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ecf\u5386\u5bf9\u4fdd\u6559\u4eba\u5458\u81ea\u5df1\u4e5f\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u957f\u4e45\u800c\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u53c2\u52a0\u4fdd\u6559\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ed9\u4e88\u8fd9\u7fa4\u5973\u6027\u5b9e\u73b0\u81ea\u6211\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u8ba9\u5979\u4eec\u66f4\u52a0\u81ea\u4fe1\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7cbe\u795e\u8d44\u6e90\u4e3a\u5979\u4eec\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u6fc0\u52b1\u7740\u5979\u4eec\u5728\u65e5\u540e\u7684\u519c\u4e1a\u751f\u4ea7\u548c\u5bb6\u5ead\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u81ea\u7acb\u3001\u81ea\u5f3a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u519c\u6751\u4fdd\u6559\u4eba\u5458\u6545\u4e8b\u7684\u80cc\u540e\u8fd8\u5305\u542b\u7740\u5c71\u4e1c\u57fa\u5c42\u5987\u8054\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u3002\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u5173\u4e8e\u519c\u6751\u6258\u5e7c\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u6784\u60f3\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u90fd\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u57fa\u5c42\u5987\u8054\u6765\u843d\u5b9e\u7684\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u519c\u5fd9\u6258\u513f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u7b79\u5efa\u3001\u505a\u5b69\u5b50\u6bcd\u4eb2\u548c\u4fdd\u6559\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u5bf9\u4fdd\u6559\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u57f9\u8bad\u4e0e\u91cd\u5851\u3001\u5bf9\u5148\u8fdb\u5178\u578b\u7684\u9009\u62d4\u548c\u5ba3\u4f20\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u7531\u5c71\u4e1c\u5404\u7ea7\u5987\u8054\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u5458\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u3002\u8981\u5728\u76f8\u5bf9\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u5c71\u4e1c\u519c\u6751\u5f00\u5c55\u73b0\u4ee3\u53d6\u5411\u7684\u6258\u5e7c\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5987\u8054\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u5458\u8981\u9762\u5bf9\u6765\u81ea\u5b69\u5b50\u6bcd\u4eb2\u3001\u4fdd\u6559\u4eba\u5458\u3001\u7537\u6027\u5e72\u90e8\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u822c\u793e\u5458\u7684\u79cd\u79cd\u96be\u9898\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u963b\u529b\u91cd\u91cd\uff0c\u5728\u56fd\u5bb6\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u5bfc\u5411\u4e0b\uff0c\u57fa\u5c42\u5987\u8054\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u5458\u80fd\u591f\u56e0\u65f6\u56e0\u5730\u5236\u5b9c\u3001\u4ece\u5b9e\u9645\u51fa\u53d1\u3001\u7528\u591a\u79cd\u7075\u6d3b\u6709\u6548\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u63a8\u8fdb\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u738b\u653f\u5728\u300a\u5bfb\u627e\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e2d\u7684\u5987\u5973\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u5973\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u9769\u547d1949-1964\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\uff0c1949\u5e74\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u5bb6\u5973\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u201d(socialist state feminists)\u4ee5\u5168\u56fd\u5404\u7ea7\u5987\u8054\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u4f9d\u6258\uff0c\u4e3a\u4fdd\u62a4\u5973\u6027\u6743\u76ca\u505a\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u5de5\u4f5c(19)\u3002\u4ece\u5987\u8054\u4f1a\u8bae\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e2d\u7b14\u8ff9\u7a1a\u5ae9\u3001\u5927\u91cf\u51fa\u73b0\u9519\u522b\u5b57\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a8\u65ad(20)\uff0c\u5c71\u4e1c\u57fa\u5c42\u5987\u8054\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u5458\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u6587\u5316\u6c34\u5e73\u4e0d\u9ad8(\u6216\u8f83\u4f4e)\u7684\u519c\u6751\u5987\u5973\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u519c\u6751\u5973\u6027\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u5973\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u6216\u8bb8\u662f\u964c\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5979\u4eec\u5374\u80fd\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u5730\u65e2\u517c\u987e\u53d1\u5c55\u519c\u4e1a\u751f\u4ea7\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u5efa\u8bbe\u7684\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u53c8\u5207\u5b9e\u7ef4\u62a4\u5987\u5973(\u5b69\u5b50\u6bcd\u4eb2\u548c\u4fdd\u6559\u4eba\u5458)\u7684\u6743\u76ca\uff0c\u67d0\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u6210\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u5973\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u8df5\u884c\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5c71\u4e1c\u662f\u9769\u547d\u8001\u533a\uff0c\u81ea\u6297\u6218\u65f6\u671f\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u519c\u6751\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u6210\u5e74\u7537\u6027\u90fd\u5f00\u8d74\u6218\u573a\u6216\u652f\u524d\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a8\u65ad\uff0c\u5728\u7537\u6027\u7f3a\u5e2d\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u5728\u8001\u533a\u519c\u6751\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u4f9d\u9760\u5987\u5973\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u3002\u515a\u7684\u57fa\u5c42\u5987\u5973\u7ec4\u7ec7\u53ca\u5176\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u4e5f\u5728\u9769\u547d\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u953b\u70bc\u5e76\u6210\u957f\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u5979\u4eec\u719f\u6089\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u7684\u9769\u547d\u8bdd\u8bed\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u638c\u63e1\u4e86\u52a8\u5458\u7fa4\u4f17\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e5f\u53d7\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u5927\u529b\u5ba3\u4f20\u7684\u7537\u5973\u5e73\u7b49\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u57281949\u5e74\u4ee5\u540e\u7684\u519c\u6751\u6258\u5e7c\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\uff0c\u5979\u4eec\u5c55\u73b0\u51fa\u975e\u5e38\u7075\u6d3b\u3001\u9887\u6709\u6210\u6548\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5979\u4eec\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u2014\u2014\u503c\u5f97\u8fdb\u884c\u4e13\u95e8\u8457\u6587\u7814\u7a76\u2014\u2014\u548c\u4fdd\u6559\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u519c\u6751\u5973\u6027\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5386\u53f2\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u4e3b\u4f53\u6027\u7684\u4f53\u73b0\uff0c\u4ea6\u80fd\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u7406\u89e3\u4e2d\u56fd\u5987\u5973\u89e3\u653e\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u672c\u571f\u5316\u53d1\u5c55\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u542f\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u4f5c\u8005: \u4e07\u7b11\u7537\u3001\u6731\u4e3d\u4e3d\u00a0 \u6765\u6e90: \u5987\u5973\u7814\u7a76\u8bba\u4e1b \u5987\u5973\u89e3\u653e\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u9769\u547d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u8bae\u9898\uff0c\u800c\u519c\u6751\u5987\u5973\u4e0d [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[371],"tags":[15889,15887,15849,15888],"views":262,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/50250"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=50250"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/50250\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":52171,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/50250\/revisions\/52171"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=50250"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=50250"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=50250"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}