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\u7531\u4e8e\u624e\u6ce2\u7f57\u70ed\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5e72\u65f1\u8349\u539f\u5730\u5e26\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u5929\u7136\u79cd\u690d\u56ed\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4eba\u4eec\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u89c6\u690d\u6811\u9020\u6797\u3002\u8be5\u57ce\u5e02\u89c4\u5212\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u516c\u56ed\u548c\u82b1\u56ed\uff0c\u8857\u9053\u548c\u4f4f\u5b85\u533a\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b66\u6821\u548c\u513f\u7ae5\u673a\u6784\u573a\u6240\u79cd\u690d\u5927\u91cf\u7eff\u5316\u5e26\u3002\u970d\u5c14\u7279\u624e\uff08Khortitza\uff09\u5c9b\u4e5f\u7531\u6b64\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u68ee\u6797\u516c\u56ed\uff0c\u91cc\u9762\u6709\u7597\u517b\u9662\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e3a\u5de5\u4eba\u548c\u804c\u5458\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u4eec\u5efa\u9020\u7684\u62d3\u8352\u8425\u5730\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u524d\u82cf\u8054\u4fee\u5efa\u7684800\u4e2a\u65b0\u57ce\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u6bd4\u5982\u8fdc\u4e1c\u5730\u533a\u963f\u7a46\u5c14\u6cb3\u7554\u7684\u5171\u9752\u57ce\uff08Komsomolsk\uff09\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5efa\u9020\u5927\u578b\u8239\u575e\uff1b\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f4d\u4e8e\u897f\u4f2f\u5229\u4e9a\u897f\u90e8\u5e93\u5179\u6d85\u8328\u514b\u76c6\u5730\u7164\u7530\u7684\u65b0\u5e93\u5179\u6d85\u8328\u514b\uff08Novokuznetsk\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u7231\u6c99\u5c3c\u4e9a\uff08Estonia\uff09\uff0c\u79d1\u7279\u62c9-\u4e9a\u5c14\u97e6\uff08Kohtla-Yarve\uff09\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u4ee5\u751f\u4ea7\u6cb9\u9875\u5ca9\u4e3a\u6838\u5fc3\u3002\u5728\u683c\u9c81\u5409\u4e9a\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u5171\u548c\u56fd\uff0c\u9c81\u65af\u5854\u7ef4\uff08Rustavi\uff09\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u5927\u578b\u5de5\u4e1a\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u662f\u5728\u5916\u9ad8\u52a0\u7d22\u51b6\u91d1\u5de5\u4e1a\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u3002\u5728\u963f\u585e\u62dc\u7586\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u51b6\u91d1\u548c\u5316\u5b66\u5de5\u4e1a\uff0c\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u82cf\u59c6\u76d6\u7279\uff08Sumgait\uff09\u57ce\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u5e76\u975e\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u76f4\u523020\u4e16\u7eaa50\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u671f\uff0c\u82cf\u8054\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u4f4f\u623f\u5efa\u7b51\u7c7b\u578b\u662f\u4e2d\u4f4e\u5c42\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u53ef\u4f9b\u5e94\u7684\u5efa\u7b51\u6750\u6599\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u800c\u4e2d\u4f4e\u5c42\u5efa\u7b51\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u94a2\u7b4b\u6df7\u6ce5\u571f\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u4e5f\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u53ef\u5229\u7528\u7684\u571f\u5730\u80fd\u591f\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e2d\u4f4e\u5c42\u7684\u5efa\u7b51\u89c4\u6a21\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u81ea\u571f\u5730\u56fd\u6709\u5316\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u571f\u5730\u7684\u4f9b\u5e94\u5c31\u4e0d\u518d\u53d7\u5236\u4e8e\u4ee5\u5f80\u5f00\u53d1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6240\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6743\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u8d22\u653f\u6536\u76ca\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u57ce\u9547\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u623f\u5c4b\u90fd\u4e0d\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e24\u5c42\u697c\u3002\u5728\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\uff0c\u4e2d\u5fc3\u533a\u5185\u7684\u5efa\u7b51\u4f1a\u6269\u5c55\u52303-5\u5c42\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u4e4c\u62c9\u5c14\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u65af\u7ef4\u5c14\u5fb7\u6d1b\u592b\u65af\u514b\uff08Sverdlovsk\uff09\u3001\u4e0b\u5854\u5409\u5c14\uff08Nizhni-Tagil\uff09\u548c\u514b\u95e8\u65af\u514b-\u4e4c\u62c9\u5c14\u65af\u514b\uff08Kemensk-Uralsk\uff09\u7684\u4e3b\u5e72\u9053\u4e0a\u90fd\u662f\u9ad8\u8fbe\u4e94\u5c42\u7684\u5efa\u7b51\uff0c\u800c\u5468\u56f4\u7684\u57ce\u9547\u90fd\u662f\u4f4e\u5c42\u623f\u5c4b\u3002\u5728\u5217\u5b81\u683c\u52d2\u548c\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5927\u57ce\u5e02\uff0c\u5efa\u7b51\u697c\u5c42\u5219\u8fbe\u523010\u5c42\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u82cf\u8054\u592e\u884c\u884c\u957f\u6c83\u65e5\u4e9a\u79d1\u592b\uff08Vozyakov\uff09\u57281946\u5e74\u8bc4\u8bba\u9053:\u201c\u6211\u89c1\u8fc7\u7684\u6700\u597d\u6751\u820d\u5728\u4e4c\u62c9\u5c14\u7684\u4e0b\u5854\u5409\u5c14\uff08Nizhny Tagil\uff09\uff0c\u662f\u7531\u7ef4\u7d22\u79d1\u6208\u5c14\u65af\u514b\uff08Visokogorsk\uff09\u94c1\u77ff\u4fe1\u6258\u516c\u53f8\u4e3a\u5176\u5de5\u4eba\u5efa\u9020\u7684\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5efa\u7b51\u90fd\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u72ec\u7279\u98ce\u683c\u548c\u4e0e\u4f17\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5916\u89c2\uff0c\u5de5\u4eba\u4eec\u4e5f\u5c24\u4e3a\u81ea\u8c6a\u3002\u201d(\u5f15\u81ea\u300a\u6211\u4eec\u9f13\u52b1\u81ea\u5efa\u623f\uff0c\u82cf\u8054\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c1946\u5e74\u300b)<\/p>\n

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\u7fa4\u4f17\u5efa\u8bbe\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u4e0d\u4ec5\u7814\u7a76\u3001\u521b\u4f5c\u548c\u53d1\u5e03\u8bbe\u8ba1\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u4ee5\u534f\u52a9\u5f53\u5730\u519c\u6751\u4f4f\u5b85\u5efa\u8bbe\uff0c\u8fd8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8be6\u5c3d\u7684\u65bd\u5de5\u6307\u5357\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4e0d\u592a\u719f\u7ec3\u7684\u65bd\u5de5\u4eba\u5458\u80fd\u591f\u83b7\u5f97\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u65bd\u5de5\u6307\u5bfc\u3002<\/p>\n

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1926\u5e74\uff0c\u963f\u7eb3\u6258\u5229\u00b7 \u5362\u7eb3\u6c99\u5c14\u65af\u57fa\uff08Anatoly Lunarcharsky\uff09\u5728\u56fd\u5bb6\u827a\u672f\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u9662\uff08GAKhN \uff09\u4e0a\u53d1\u8868\u6f14\u8bb2\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u4e0e\u5efa\u6784\u4e3b\u4e49\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u660e\u6670\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u5373\u5728\u5efa\u7b51\u4e2d\u5e94\u7528\u793e\u4f1a\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e3b\u4e49\uff08socialist realism \uff09\u3002\u793e\u4f1a\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e3b\u4e49\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u827a\u672f\u53cd\u601d\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u521b\u610f\u6027\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u82b1\u54e8\u7684\u98ce\u683c\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u827a\u672f\u8868\u8fbe\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b83\u7528\u4e16\u754c\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u6837\u5b50\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6807\u5c3a\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u5bfb\u6c42\u63d0\u9ad8\u5927\u4f17\u7684\u4f53\u609f\u5e76\u52aa\u529b\u8fbe\u5230\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\uff0c\u6765\u5e2e\u52a9\u521b\u9020\u65b0\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u201c\u6211\u7edd\u4e0d\u5426\u8ba4\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u5728\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\u7684\u8bd7\u6b4c\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u5176\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u548c\u6709\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u8272\u5f69\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u2026\u2026\u4f46\u662f\u5fc5\u987b\u8bf4\u2026\u2026\u53ea\u6709\u672a\u6765\u4e3b\u4e49\u548cLEF\uff08\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u5b66\u56e2\u4f53\uff09\u7684\u827a\u672f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b8c\u5168\u6c89\u6d78\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u5efa\u6784\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u82d7\u5703\uff0c\u6b27\u7f8e\u5de6\u6d3e\u57ce\u5e02\u6587\u5316\u7684\u5148\u950b\u2026\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201c\u6211\u4eec[\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b]\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u6700\u7ec8\u4f7f\u673a\u5668\u6210\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u4eba\u751f\u7684\u60c5\u4eba\u800c\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u52a0\u65af\u6377\u592b\uff08Gastev\uff09 \u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u8fd0\u52a8\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5021\u5bfc\u8005\u6b63\u5728\u901a\u8fc7\u5176\u793e\u4f1a\u653f\u6cbb\u6587\u5b66\u6765\u5ba3\u4f20\u7684\u90a3\u6837\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u4ece\u673a\u5668\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u4e2d\u89e3\u653e\u4e2a\u4eba\u2026\u2026\u673a\u5668\u7684\u8282\u594f\u5f53\u7136\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5143\u7d20\u2026\u2026\u4f46\u662f\u673a\u5668\u4e0d\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u827a\u672f\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201c\u5728\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e2a\u4eba\u521b\u610f\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u6587\u5316\u6709\u7740\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u6b27\u7f8e\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u89c2\u5ff5\u8bb2\u7684\u662f\u6b27\u7f8e\u7684\u5929\u7eb5\u5947\u624d\u4eec\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u827a\u672f\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e2a\u4eba\u827a\u672f\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u4e2d\u5438\u6536\u5f88\u591a\u4e1c\u897f\u3002\u4f46\u603b\u4f53\u4e0a\uff0c\u5b83\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u964c\u751f\u7684\u2026\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201c\u66f4\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u827a\u672f\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u662f\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u7956\u5148\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u65f6\u671f\u53d1\u5c55\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u4e61\u571f\u827a\u672f\u3001\u519c\u6c11\u827a\u672f\u2026\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201c\u6b63\u662f\u4ece\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u4ece\u8fd9\u95e8\u827a\u672f\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ecf\u8fc7\u51e0\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u6f14\u53d8\u800c\u6765\u7684\u827a\u672f\u4e2d\uff0c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u51fa\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u98ce\u683c\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u98ce\u683c\u5728\u5176\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u5316\u7684\u5185\u5728\u4e25\u8c28\u6027\u548c\u79e9\u5e8f\u4e0a\u51e0\u4e4e\u662f\u65e0\u53ef\u975e\u8bae\u7684\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u5362\u7eb3\u6c99\u5c14\u65af\u57fa\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6982\u8ff0\u4e86\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u827a\u672f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5efa\u7b51\uff0c\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u4e0e\u5927\u4f17\u683c\u683c\u4e0d\u5165\uff0c\u800c\u5e94\u8be5\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d1\u5c55\u4e86\u51e0\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u827a\u672f\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u5f17\u62c9\u57fa\u7c73\u5c14\u00b7\u5217\u5b81\uff08Vladimir Lenin\uff09\u5728\u4e0e\u514b\u62c9\u62c9\u00b7 \u8521\u7279\u91d1\uff08Clara Zetkin\uff09\u8bb2\u8bdd\u65f6\u76f4\u622a\u4e86\u5f53\u5730\u6307\u51fa\u7684\uff1a<\/p>\n

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\u201c\u827a\u672f\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4eba\u6c11\u3002\u5b83\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u5e7f\u5927\u5de5\u4eba\u7fa4\u4f17\u4e2d\u6df1\u6df1\u624e\u6839\u3002\u5b83\u5fc5\u987b\u88ab\u4ed6\u4eec\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u559c\u7231\u3002\u5b83\u5fc5\u987b\u56e2\u7ed3\u548c\u9f13\u821e\u7fa4\u4f17\u7684\u611f\u60c5\u3001\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u610f\u5fd7\u3002\u201d \uff08\u514b\u62c9\u62c9\u00b7 \u6cfd\u7279\u91d1\uff08Clara Zetkin\uff09\uff0c\u5217\u5b81\u7684\u56de\u5fc6\uff0c1924\u5e74\uff09<\/p>\n

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\u7136\u540e\u57281954\u5e74\uff0c\u5c31\u5728\u65af\u5927\u6797\u53bb\u4e16\u4e00\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u82cf\u8054\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u4e0e\u4fee\u6b63\u4e3b\u4e49\u9886\u8896\u5c3c\u57fa\u5854\u00b7\u8d6b\u9c81\u6653\u592b\uff08Nikita Khrushchev\uff09\u5728\u5173\u4e8e\u5efa\u7b51\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5168\u8054\u76df\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u6f14\u8bb2\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f1a\u8bae\u8c34\u8d23\u201c\u65af\u5927\u6797\u4e3b\u4e49\u5efa\u7b51\u201d\u548c\u201c\u5efa\u7b51\u7269\u4e0a\u7684\u6240\u6709\u88c5\u9970\u201d\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

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