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\u7531\u7231\u8377\u534e\u5dde\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u63a8\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6210\u529f\u7684\u6eb6\u5242\u64cd\u4f5c\u662f\u7531\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u7684\u4e39\u5c3c\u5c14\u65af-\u7c73\u5fb7\u5170\u516c\u53f8\uff08ADM\uff09\u4e8e1934\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u3002William O. Goodrich\u516c\u53f8\u4e8e1928\u5e74\u88abADM\u516c\u53f8\u6536\u8d2d\uff0c\u5b83\u81ea1926\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u6eb6\u5242\u6d78\u51fa\u8bd5\u9a8c\u3002\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u7f8e\u56fd\u5927\u8c46\u538b\u69a8\u5382\u4e00\u6837\uff0cADM\u5927\u91cf\u5229\u7528\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u548c\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u6d3e\u9063\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u5230\u5fb7\u56fd\u53bb\u7814\u7a76\u538b\u69a8\u5382\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u3002ADM\u8d2d\u4e70\u5fb7\u56fd\u5e0c\u5c14\u5fb7\u5e03\u5170\u7279Hildebrandt\u8fde\u7eed\u6d78\u51fa\u751f\u4ea7\u7ebf\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5904\u740691\u5428\/\u5929\uff08\u6bcf\u59293000\u84b2\u5f0f\u8033\u5927\u8c46\uff09\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u5229\u7528\u6eb6\u5242\u6d78\u51fa\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u6709Glidden\u516c\u53f8\u548c\u4e2d\u592e\u5927\u8c46\uff08Central Soya\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u76db\u5927\u7684\u5f00\u5e55\u5f0f\u662f\u57281937\u5e74\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http:\/\/5b0988e595225.cdn.sohucs.com\/images\/20171101\/18aace798ee442de9bb436ece0ed3c42.jpeg\" width=\"640\" height=\"434\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http:\/\/5b0988e595225.cdn.sohucs.com\/images\/20171101\/5d5b199e46bf4f2e889bc4a6bcd8f051.jpeg\" width=\"640\" height=\"307\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5fb7\u56fdBollmann\u7bee\u6597\u5f0f\u6d78\u51fa\u5668<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u4e0a\u4e16\u7eaa30\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7f8e\u56fd\u6eb6\u5242\u5382\u4f7f\u7528\u82ef\u6216\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u9ad8\u7ea7\u6c7d\u6cb9\u4e3a\u6eb6\u5242\u30021935\u5e74Sorenson\u548cBeal\u90fd\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u6b63\u5df1\u70f7\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6eb6\u5242\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u4e13\u5229\uff08\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e13\u52292024398\uff09\uff0c1941\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\u6b63\u5df1\u70f7\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6eb6\u5242\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u7eaf\u5316\u7684\u77f3\u6cb9\u70c3\u998f\u5206\uff08C6H14\uff09\u6b63\u5df1\u70f7\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4ee4\u4eba\u6109\u5feb\u7684\u6c14\u5473\u7684\u65e0\u8272\u6db2\u4f53\uff0c\u5b83\u901a\u5e38\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u6e29\u5ea658\u00b0C\uff08136 F\uff09\uff0c\u572863-70 \u00b0C\u65f6\u6cb8\u817e\uff08146-158 * 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loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http:\/\/5b0988e595225.cdn.sohucs.com\/images\/20171101\/a0ccbff644b24a929565b561604ab1ce.jpeg\" width=\"549\" height=\"462\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u6eb6\u5242\uff0c\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa40\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e59\u9187\uff08\u9152\u7cbe\uff09\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u76f8\u5f53\u5927\u7684\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u975e\u5546\u4e1a\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u3002\u5982\u524d\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c1927\u5e74\u521d\u5728\u6ee1\u6d32\u91cc\u5f00\u59cb\u5b83\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5e76\u57281937\u5f00\u59cb\u5728\u5546\u4e1a\u5316\u4f7f\u7528\u30021948\u5e74\u7f8e\u56fd\u519c\u4e1a\u90e8\u5317\u65b9\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3Beckel\u3001Belter\u548cSmith\u62a5\u9053\uff0c\u4e59\u9187\u4e0e\u6b63\u5df1\u70f7\u6d78\u51fa\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u8c46\u7c95\u548c\u8c46\u6cb9\u90fd\u6709\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u98ce\u5473\u548c\u66f4\u8f7b\u7684\uff08\u66f4\u597d\u7684\uff09\u8272\u6cfd\uff0c\u800c\u98df\u54c1\u4f7f\u7528\u7c89\u788e\u7684\u8c46\u7c89\u4f5c\u81b3\u98df\uff08\u9762\u5305\u3001\u9165\u76ae\u548c\u7cd6\u679c\uff09\u5177\u6709\u826f\u597d\u7684\u5473\u9053\u3001\u8272\u6cfd\u548c\u8425\u517b\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u4e0e\u6b63\u5df1\u70f7\u4e0d\u540c\u3001\u4e59\u9187\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5929\u7136\u7684\u3001\u65e0\u6bd2\u7684\u98df\u54c1\uff08\u5728\u5564\u9152\u6216\u8461\u8404\u9152\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\uff09\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u53ef\u4ece\u519c\u4f5c\u7269\u53d1\u9175\u7684\u53ef\u518d\u751f\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u7ecf\u4e0e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5de5\u4e1a\u4f01\u4e1a\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u5317\u65b9\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4e2d\u8bd5\u88c5\u7f6e\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u9187\u63d0\u5de5\u827a\u3002\u8be5\u516c\u53f8\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5546\u4e1a\u5316\uff0c\u7cbe\u5236\u5927\u8c46\u86cb\u767d\u80f6\u51dd\u7269\u8d28Gelsoy\u3002\u4e59\u9187\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u4f18\u70b9\u662f\u5bb9\u6613\u56de\u6536\u526f\u4ea7\u7269\uff08\u6cb9\u548c\u4e59\u9187\u5206\u5f00\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u51b7\u5374\uff09\uff0c\u4e59\u9187\u4e0e\u5df1\u70f7\u76f8\u6bd4\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8f83\u4f4e\u7684\u6e29\u5ea6\u4e0b\u9664\u53bb\u3002\u7f3a\u70b9\u662f\u5927\u8c46\u6cb9\u9664\u975e\u9ad8\u6e29\u4e0b\u5916\u4e0d\u6eb6\u4e8e\u4e59\u9187\u3001\u5b83\u7684\u84b8\u53d1\u6f5c\u70ed\u9ad8\uff0c\u572820 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Staley\u516c\u53f8\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u4f7f\u7528\u4e59\u9187\uff0d\u5df1\u70f7\u6eb6\u5242\u4e13\u5229\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http:\/\/5b0988e595225.cdn.sohucs.com\/images\/20171101\/84acf4ccde5449e2a2c35b39504ba5c2.jpeg\" width=\"582\" height=\"905\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u4e0a\u4e16\u7eaa\u56db\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u6eb6\u5242\u6d78\u51fa\uff08\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5df1\u70f7\uff09\u5de5\u827a\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e86\u673a\u68b0\u538b\u69a8\u5de5\u827a\u6765\u5236\u53d6\u5927\u8c46\u6cb9\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u6709\u5f88\u591a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u539f\u56e0\u5f88\u591a\u53ef\u4ee5\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa30\u5e74\u4ee3\u548c40\u5e74\u4ee3\u9884\u89c1\u5230\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6eb6\u5242\u6d78\u51fa\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u6cb9\u8102\u51fa\u7387\u3002\u800c\u673a\u68b0\u538b\u69a8\u5de5\u827a\u63d0\u53d670-80%\u7684\u5927\u8c46\u7684\u6cb9\uff08\u6b8b\u4f594-6%\u7684\u6cb9\u5728\u8c46\u997c\u4e2d\uff09\uff0c\u6eb6\u5242\u5de5\u827a\u80fd\u591f\u63d0\u53d695%\u7684\u6cb9\uff08\u53ea\u7559\u4e0b0.5-1%\u7684\u6cb9\u5728\u7c95\u4e2d\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u5bfc\u81f4\u6bcf60\u78c5\u84b2\u5f0f\u8033\u5927\u8c46\u589e\u52a01.5\u78c5\u6cb9\uff0c\u6bcf100\u78c5\u5927\u8c46\u589e\u52a02.5\u78c5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u6bcf\u84b2\u5f0f\u8033\u7684\u78c5\u6570\u51cf\u5c11\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u6cb9\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u662f\u5728\u91cd\u91cf\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u76844\u81f35\u78c5\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6709\u660e\u663e\u7684\u51c0\u6536\u76ca\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u6eb6\u5242\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5904\u7406\u80fd\u529b\u66f4\u5927\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u6eb6\u5242\u6d78\u51fa\u5de5\u827a\u4ee5\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u4ee5\u8f83\u4f4e\u7684\u6210\u672c\u751f\u4ea7\u6cb9\u548c\u8c46\u7c95\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u8f83\u4f4e\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u548c\u95f4\u63a5\u8d39\u7528\u3002\u7b2c\u56db\uff0c\u6eb6\u5242\u6d78\u51fa\u5de5\u827a\u4f7f\u7528\u66f4\u5c11\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u3002\u7b2c\u4e94\uff0c\u6d78\u51fa\u7684\u6cb9\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8d28\u91cf\u597d\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5177\u6709\u4f18\u826f\u7684\u6f02\u767d\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u8f83\u4f4e\u7684\u70bc\u6cb9\u635f\u8017\uff0c\u9178\u8d25\u7684\u654f\u611f\u6027\u964d\u4f4e\uff0c\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u4fdd\u7559\u8102\u6eb6\u6027\u7ef4\u751f\u7d20\u3002\u7528\u6eb6\u5242\u63d0\u53d6\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u5de5\u5382\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u8d44\u672c\u6295\u8d44\uff0c\u5371\u9669\uff08\u6b63\u5df1\u70f7\uff09\u7206\u70b8\uff0c\u5927\u91cf\u7a33\u5b9a\u4f9b\u5e94\u5927\u8c46\u7684\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u52a0\u5de5\u6bcf\u5428\u5927\u8c461-2\u52a0\u4ed1\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u6602\u8d35\u7684\u6eb6\u5242\u635f\u5931\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c11\u91cf\u7684\u6eb6\u5242\u6b8b\u7559\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff08\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u65e9\u671f\uff09\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u7ee7\u7eed\u7559\u5728\u7c95\u548c\u6cb9\u4e2d\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u4e0aBurlison\u57281936\u5e74\u5199\u5230\uff1a\u201c\u53cd\u5bf9\u8005\u5df2\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u5728\u7c95\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u6eb6\u5242\u6b8b\u7559\u3002\u867d\u7136\u6709\u6548\u8fd0\u4f5c\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u5de5\u5382\u53ef\u4ee5\u53bb\u9664\u6eb6\u5242\u7684\u6700\u540e\u75d5\u8ff9\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u538b\u69a8\u5382\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u628a\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u63a8\u5411\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7684\u9636\u6bb5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6eb6\u5242\u6d78\u51fa\u5236\u6cb9\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5305\u62ec\u5927\u8c46\u9884\u5904\u7406\u548c\u7834\u788e\u3001\u8f67\u576f\u81f3\u8584\u7247\uff0c\u7528\u6eb6\u5242\u4ece\u5927\u8c46\u80da\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u6cb9\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ece\u6cb9\u548c\u7c95\u4e2d\u56de\u6536\u6eb6\u5242\u3002\u7cfb\u7edf\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u7c7b\u578b\uff1a\u6e17\u6ee4\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u5e73\u8f6c\uff0c\u56fa\u5b9a\u7bee\u5f0f\uff0c\u94fe\u6597\u5f0f\uff0c\u5c65\u5e26\u578b\u7b49\uff09\u548c\u6d78\u6ce1\u5f0f\u6d78\u51fa\u5668\u3002\u5230\u4e0a\u4e16\u7eaa70\u5e74\u4ee3\u6e17\u6ee4\u6d78\u51fa\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e86\u6d78\u6ce1\u5de5\u827a\uff0c\u6e17\u6ee4\u6307\u6eb6\u5242\u6e17\u900f\u8fc7\u80da\u7247\u540e\u901a\u8fc7\u591a\u5b54\u8fc7\u6ee4\u51fa\uff0c\u6d78\u6ce1\u5f0f\u662f\u6307\u80da\u7247\u6d78\u6ce1\u5728\u6eb6\u5242\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http:\/\/5b0988e595225.cdn.sohucs.com\/images\/20171101\/1d26420b300247e8aacb0821323ab5a6.jpeg\" width=\"481\" height=\"867\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>Hildebrandt \u7684\u4e13\u5229\u6d78\u51fa\u5668<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u76f4\u52301936\u5e74\uff0c\u4ece\u5fb7\u56fd\u8fdb\u53e3\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u552f\u4e00\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6eb6\u5242\u6d78\u51fa\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002Hansa-Muehle \u201c\u4e32\u73e0\u201d\u548c Bollmann\u7bee\u6597\u5f0f\u662f\u6700\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\u7684\uff0c\u5176\u6b21\u662fHildebrandt \u7684\u201cU\u578b\u201d\u7ba1\u6d78\u6ce1\u5f0f\u6d78\u51fa\u5668\u30021936\u5e74\u798f\u7279\u5f00\u53d1\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5546\u4e1a\u5316\u7f8e\u56fd\u5236\u9020\u7684\u6eb6\u5242\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4e0d\u662f\u6700\u5927\u7684\u5904\u7406\u5668\u30021937\u5e74Allis-Chalmers \u5236\u9020\u516c\u53f8\u548c V.D. Anderson \u516c\u53f8\u5f15\u8fdb\u4e86\u76f4\u7acb\u7bee\u6597\u5f0f\u6d78\u51fa\u5668\u30021940\u5e74\u4ee3French\u6cb9\u8102\u8bbe\u5907\u516c\u53f8\u548cBlaw-Knox\u516c\u53f8\u6539\u9020\u4e86Hansa-Muehle \u548cBollmann\u7684\u6d78\u51fa\u5668\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u4e86\u5e73\u8f6c\u6d78\u51fa\u5668\uff0c\u5b83\u7531\u5e73\u8f6c\u7bee\u6597\u5f0f\u6e17\u6ee4\u578b\u6539\u8fdb\uff0c\u73b0\u7531Dravo.\u62e5\u6709\u3002\u52301948\u5e74\u7687\u51a0\u94a2\u94c1\u5382\u4e5f\u6709\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d78\u51fa\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u6bd4\u5229\u65f6\u7684De 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