{"id":51953,"date":"2025-05-02T13:39:32","date_gmt":"2025-05-02T05:39:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/?p=51953"},"modified":"2025-05-02T14:30:03","modified_gmt":"2025-05-02T06:30:03","slug":"%e5%8d%8e%e8%a3%94%e4%ba%ba%e7%89%a9%ef%bc%9a%e8%ae%a1%e7%ae%97%e6%9c%ba%e5%b7%a5%e4%b8%9a%e5%b7%a8%e5%a4%b4%ef%bc%8c%e5%8f%91%e6%98%8e%e5%ae%b6%e5%92%8c%e6%85%88%e5%96%84%e5%ae%b6%e7%8e%8b%e5%ae%89","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/?p=51953","title":{"rendered":"\u534e\u88d4\u4eba\u7269: \u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5de5\u4e1a\u5de8\u5934\uff0c\u53d1\u660e\u5bb6\u548c\u6148\u5584\u5bb6\u738b\u5b89\u535a\u58eb"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n
\u4f5c\u8005: \u7126\u51e1\uff08Fan Jiao)\u00a0 \u00a0\u6765\u6e90: \u7f8e\u534e\u53f2\u8bb0<\/div>\n<\/header>\n
\n

\u5bfc\u8bfb\uff1a\u4f5c\u4e3a1984\u5e74\u7b2c\u4e94\u5bcc\u6709\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\uff0c\u62e5\u670940\u9879\u4e13\u5229\u548c23\u4e2a\u8363\u8a89\u5b66\u4f4d\u7684\u738b\u5b89\u535a\u58eb\u662f\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5de5\u4e1a\u5de8\u5934\uff0c\u53d1\u660e\u5bb6\u548c\u6148\u5584\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ed6\u521b\u7acb\u4e86\u300a\u738b\u5b89\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u300b\uff0c\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa70\u548c80\u5e74\u4ee3\u6210\u529f\u5730\u4e0eIBM\u7b49\u5927\u578b\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7ade\u4e89\u3002\u4e0a\u4e16\u7eaa40\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u53f6\u4ed6\u5728\u901a\u8fc7\u4e2d\u56fd\u6d77\u5916\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u8003\u8bd5\u540e\u88ab\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66\u63a5\u6536\u653b\u8bfb\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u7814\u7a76\u751f\uff0c\u5e76\u6210\u4e3a\u4e16\u754c\u7535\u5b50\u884c\u4e1a\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u9886\u519b\u4eba\u7269\u3002 \u4ed6\u5728\u5236\u9020\u78c1\u82af\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u8bbe\u5907\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u7a81\u7834\u662f\u4e0a\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u6700\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u6280\u672f\u521b\u65b0\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002 \u4ed6\u7684\u8d22\u5bcc500\u5f3a\u516c\u53f8\u6210\u4e3a\u684c\u9762\u8ba1\u7b97\u5668\uff0c\u6587\u5b57\u5904\u7406\u5668\u548cIBM\u517c\u5bb9\u5927\u578b\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\u3002 \u4ed6\u7684\u5927\u591a\u6570\u6148\u5584\u4e8b\u4e1a\u90fd\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u52a0\u5f3a\u4e2d\u897f\u6587\u5316\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u6539\u5584\u6ce2\u58eb\u987f\u793e\u533a\u7684\u827a\u672f\u3001\u5b66\u6821\u548c\u533b\u7597\u4fdd\u5065\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6210\u957f<\/strong><\/p>\n

1920\u5e742\u67087\u65e5\u738b\u5b89\u751f\u4e8e\u4e0a\u6d77\u6606\u5c71\u3002\u7236\u4eb2\u5728\u4e0a\u6d77\u4ea4\u901a\u5927\u5b66\uff08\u4ee5\u524d\u662f\u5357\u6d0b\u516c\u5b66\uff09\u8bfb\u8fc7\u4e66\uff0c\u5bb6\u91cc\u4e16\u4ee3\u4e3a\u4e2d\u533b\u3002\u738b\u5b89\u5c0f\u65f6\u5019\u8ddf\u6bcd\u4eb2\u4e00\u5bb6\u4f4f\u5728\u4e0a\u6d77\uff0c\u800c\u7236\u4eb2\u5219\u5728\u6606\u5c71\u4e00\u6240\u79c1\u7acb\u5c0f\u5b66\u6559\u82f1\u8bed\u3002\u5728\u516d\u5c81\u65f6\u738b\u5b89\u642c\u56de\u6606\u5c71\u4e0a\u5b66\u3002\u56e0\u90a3\u4e2a\u5c0f\u5b66\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e8c\u5e74\u7ea7\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u738b\u5b89\u4ece\u4e09\u5e74\u7ea7\u5f00\u59cb\u8bfb\u4e66\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7531\u4e8e\u5728\u5b66\u6821\u6bd4\u540c\u73ed\u5b66\u751f\u5c0f\u4e8c\u5c81\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\u7ecf\u5e38\u88ab\u6b3a\u8d1f\uff1b\u4ed6\u7ecf\u5e38\u88ab\u6076\u4f5c\u5267\u63a8\u5230\u6c34\u6c60\u5b50\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u5f88\u5feb\u5b66\u4f1a\u4e86\u6e38\u6cf3\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u5f88\u597d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u4f7f\u5f97\u4ed6\u9010\u6e10\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u6811\u7acb\u4e86\u4fe1\u5fc3\u3002\u8bfe\u5916\u7236\u4eb2\u6559\u4ed6\u82f1\u8bed\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u7956\u6bcd\u6559\u4ed6\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5b66\u548c\u5386\u53f2\u9887\u6709\u6210\u6548\u3002\u201c\u611f\u8c22\u6211\u7684\u7956\u6bcd\uff0c\u5112\u5b66\u4e5f\u6df1\u6df1\u624e\u6839\u4e8e\u6211\u7684\u5fc3\u4e2d\u3002 \u6b63\u5982\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5728\u5546\u4e1a\u4e2d\u53d6\u5f97\u6210\u529f\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u5c5e\u6027\u6216\u539f\u5219 \u2013 \u6bd4\u5982\u9002\u5ea6\u3001\u8010\u5fc3\u3001\u5e73\u8861\u548c\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u6ee1\u8db3\u611f\u662f\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u4e3a\u4e2a\u4eba\u793e\u533a\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u201d, \u738b\u5b89\u540e\u6765\u56de\u5fc6\u9053\u3002\u738b\u5b89\u4ee5\u5168\u6606\u5c71\u8003\u533a\u7b2c\u4e00\u540d\u7684\u6210\u7ee9\u8fdb\u5165\u521d\u4e2d\uff0c\u5341\u4e09\u5c81\u65f6\u6765\u5230\u6709\u540d\u7684\u4e0a\u6d77\u4e2d\u5b66<\/strong>\u4e0a\u9ad8\u4e2d [1] \u3002<\/p>\n

1936\u5e7416\u5c81\u7684\u738b\u5b89\u8003\u5165\u4ea4\u901a\u5927\u5b66\uff08\u540e\u4e3a\u4e0a\u6d77\u4ea4\u901a\u5927\u5b66\uff09<\/strong>\u5b66\u4e60\u7535\u5b50\u5de5\u7a0b\u3002\u57281940\u5e74\u6bd5\u4e1a\u540e\uff0c\u5728\u4ea4\u5927\u5f53\u4e86\u4e00\u5e74\u52a9\u6559\u300241\u5e74\u590f\u5929\uff0c\u738b\u5b89\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u516b\u4f4d\u540c\u5b66\u53c2\u52a0\u4e86\u56fd\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u4e2d\u592e\u7535\u53f0\u7ad9\uff0c\u7531\u4ed6\u8d1f\u8d23\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5e76\u8fd0\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a\u519b\u7528\u7535\u53f0\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5148\u5750\u8239\u53bb\u4e86\u9999\u6e2f\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8f97\u8f6c\u5230\u4e86\u6842\u6797\u3002\u751f\u6d3b\u4e0a\u8270\u82e6\uff0c\u6bcf\u5468\u81f3\u5c11\u6709\u4e8c\u6b21\u65e5\u673a\u8f70\u70b8\uff0c\u5de5\u4f5c\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5584\uff0c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5f88\u591a\u52a0\u5de5\u96f6\u4ef6\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u6ca1\u6709\u73b0\u6210\u7684\u53d1\u7535\u673a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c31\u5236\u9020\u4e86\u4e2a\u624b\u6447\u53d1\u7535\u673a\u6765\u542f\u52a8\u79fb\u52a8\u65e0\u7ebf\u7535\u53d1\u5c04\u673a\u3002\u5927\u5bb6\u7684\u521b\u4e1a\u6c14\u6c1b\u5f88\u6d53\uff0c\u6bcf\u65f6\u6bcf\u523b\u90fd\u5728\u4e3a\u6297\u6218\u51fa\u529b [2] \u3002<\/p>\n

1945\u5e743\u6708\uff0c\u76df\u519b\u8d8a\u8fc7\u4e86\u83b1\u8335\u6cb3\u8fdb\u5165\u5fb7\u56fd\uff0c\u7f8e\u519b\u5728\u51b2\u7ef3\u5c9b\u767b\u9646\uff0c\u4e8c\u6218\u8fdb\u5165\u4e86\u5c3e\u58f0\u3002\u738b\u5b89\u5f97\u77e5\u56fd\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u4e3a\u4e86\u6218\u540e\u5efa\u8bbe\uff0c\u8ba1\u5212\u8981\u9001\u4e00\u4e9b\u5927\u5b66\u6bd5\u4e1a\u751f\u548c\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u53bb\u7f8e\u56fd\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e3a\u6b64\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u6709\u5173\u7684\u9009\u62d4\u8003\u8bd5\u5236\u5ea6\u3002\u4ed6\u5c31\u79ef\u6781\u53c2\u52a0\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u90a3\u4e00\u5e74\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u7684\u9009\u62d4\u8003\u8bd5\u4e2d\u5f97\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e8c\u540d\uff0c\u83b7\u5f97\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e24\u5e74\u7684\u5956\u5b66\u91d1\uff0c\u4e8e\u5f53\u5e74\u516d\u6708\u6765\u5230\u5f17\u5409\u5c3c\u4e9a\u5dde\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u53bb\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u7f8e\u56fd\u5927\u516c\u53f8\u6bd4\u5982\u897f\u5c4b\uff08<\/strong>Westinghouse<\/strong>\uff09\uff0c<\/strong>RCA<\/strong>\u7b49<\/strong>\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u738b\u5b89\u89c9\u5f97\u81ea\u5df1\u8fd8\u662f\u6bd4\u8f83\u559c\u6b22\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u673a\u5173\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u7533\u8bf7\u5e76\u6210\u4e3a\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66\u7269\u7406\u7cfb\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u30021947\u5e74\u521d\u4ed6\u5f00\u59cb\u505a\u535a\u58eb\u8bfe\u9898 \u300a\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u529b\u5b66\u300b\uff0c\u5e76\u4e8e\u4e00\u5e74\u534a\u540e\u62ff\u5230\u4e86\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d [3] \u3002<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u56fe\u7247\u53d6\u81ea\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e[5,11]<\/p>\n

\u624d\u534e<\/strong><\/p>\n

1948\u5e74\u6625\u5929\u738b\u5b89\u6765\u5230\u54c8\u4f5b\u8ba1\u7b97\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u62c5\u4efb\u7814\u7a76\u52a9\u7406\u30025\u670818\u65e5 Dr. Howard H. Aiken\u8ba9\u4ed6\u7814\u7a76\u4e00\u4e0b\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u91cc\u5b58\u8d2e\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7ecf\u8fc7\u8db3\u8db3\u4e09\u4e2a\u661f\u671f\u7684\u8003\u8651\uff0c\u738b\u5b89\u89c9\u5f97\u78c1\u6280\u672f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u884c\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6280\u672f\u5f53\u65f6\u5df2\u7ecf\u7528\u4e8e\u78c1\u5e26\u548c\u78c1\u9f13\uff1b\u4f46\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u78c1\u5e26\u548c\u78c1\u9f13\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u79fb\u52a8\u624d\u80fd\u8bfb\u53d6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u6574\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53d8\u5f97\u7f13\u6162\u3002\u4ed6\u548c\u53e6\u4e00\u4f4d\u6765\u81ea\u4e0a\u6d77\u4ea4\u5927\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u5434\u535a\u58eb\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u5229\u7528\u63a7\u5236\u7535\u6d41\u5207\u6362\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u78c1\u82af\u8109\u51b2\u4f20\u8f93\u3002\u4ece\u5916\u89c2\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u78c1\u73af\uff0c\u5916\u5f84\u5927\u7ea61.5\u6beb\u7c73\uff0c\u5185\u5f84\u4e0d\u8d85\u8fc71\u6beb\u7c73\uff0c\u5012\u5728\u789f\u76c6\u4e2d\u5c31\u50cf\u4e00\u76d8\u5bc6\u5bc6\u9ebb\u9ebb\u7684\u9ed1\u829d\u9ebb\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e0d\u8d85\u8fc71\u6beb\u7c73\u7684\u5c0f\u5b54\u4e2d\u8981\u7a7f\u8fc7\u4e09\u6839\u6f06\u5305\u7ebf\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e24\u6839\u5206\u522b\u662fX\u5730\u5740\u3001Y\u5730\u5740\u7684\u9a71\u52a8\u7ebf\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u6839\u5219\u662f\u8bfb\u51fa\u7ebf\u3002\u6839\u636e\u4e0d\u540c\u7535\u6d41\u9a71\u52a8\u7ebf\uff0c\u8bfb\u51fa\u7ebf\u4e0a\u5c31\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f0\u6216\u80051\u7684\u8109\u51b2\u3002\u738b\u5b89\u5728\u51e0\u4e2a\u6708\u4e2d\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u539f\u578b\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002\u4ed6\u548c\u5434\u535a\u58eb\u548cDr. Aiken\u8868\u793a\u4ed6\u60f3\u7533\u8bf7\u4e13\u5229\uff1b\u4e8c\u4eba\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u8868\u793a\u53cd\u5bf9\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u57281949\u5e74\u79cb\u5929\uff0c\u4ed6\u5f00\u59cb\u81ea\u884c\u7533\u8bf7\u4e13\u5229 [6] \u3002\u738b\u5b89\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u6280\u672f\u9886\u57df\u91cc\u6709\u4e8c\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e13\u5229\uff1a<\/p>\n

    \n
  • \u4e13\u5229 #2708722\uff0c\u300a\u8109\u51b2\u8f6c\u6362\u63a7\u5236\u88c5\u7f6e\u300b1949\u5e74\u5341\u6708\u7533\u8bf7, 1955\u5e74\u4e94\u6708\u6279\u51c6 [31] \u3002<\/li>\n
  • \u4e13\u5229 #3007142\uff0c\u300a\u78c1\u901a\u91cf\u5b58\u50a8\u7cfb\u7edf\u300b1957\u5e74\u516d\u6708\u7533\u8bf7, 1961\u5e74\u5341\u6708\u6708\u6279\u51c6<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    \u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u4f7f\u7528\u548c\u53ef\u9760\u6027\uff0c\u78c1\u82af\u4f53\u5b58\u8d2e\u5668\u5f88\u5feb\u5c31\u5546\u4e1a\u5316\u4e86\u3002\u4ece50\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u671f\u523070\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u671f\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u90fd\u7528\u78c1\u82af\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e3b\u5b58\u3002\u6bd4\u59821955\u5e747\u6708\u4ea4\u4ed8\u4f7f\u7528\u7684IBM 702\u7684\u4e3b\u5b58\u548c\u5916\u56f4\u8bbe\u5907\u90fd\u662f\u7528\u78c1\u82af\uff0c IBM 704\uff081954\uff09\u548c Ferranti Mercury\uff081957\uff09\u90fd\u4f7f\u7528\u78c1\u82af\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e3b\u5b58\u300260\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684IBM\u7b2c\u4e8c\/\u4e09\u4ee3\u534a\u5bfc\u4f53\u8ba1\u7b97\u673aIBM 709, IBM 7040, IBM 7044, \u548cIBM 7099\u4e5f\u90fd\u7528\u78c1\u82af\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e3b\u5b58\u3002\u76f4\u523070\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u671f\uff0c\u78c1\u82af\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u624d\u88ab\u534a\u5bfc\u4f53\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u9010\u6e10\u53d6\u4ee3 [17] \u3002\u503c\u5f97\u4e00\u63d0\u7684\u662f\uff0c1973\u5e74\u4e0a\u6d77\u590d\u65e6\u5927\u5b66\u7814\u5236\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u4ee3\u96c6\u6210\u7535\u8def\uff0c\u4ee5\u78c1\u82af\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e3b\u5b58\uff0c\u7531\u4e0a\u6d77\u957f\u6c5f\u65e0\u7ebf\u7535\u5382\u751f\u4ea7\u7684CJ719\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u77f3\u6cb9\u5f00\u53d1\u548c\u5730\u9707\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u8d21\u732e [18] \u3002<\/p>\n

    60\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u53f6\uff0c\u738b\u5b89\u53d1\u660e\u4e86\u8ba1\u7b97\u5668\u8bbe\u5907\u4e13\u5229 3,402,285(1964\u5e749\u6708\u7533\u8bf7\uff0c68\u5e749\u6708\u6279\u51c6) \uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u738b\u5b89\u516c\u53f8\u4ee5\u540e\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u5668\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u7814\u5236\u5960\u5b9a\u7684\u57fa\u7840 [19] \u3002<\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/p>\n

    \u56fe\u7247\u53d6\u81ea\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e[10, 19]<\/p>\n

    \u9886\u519b<\/strong><\/p>\n

    51\u5e74\u521d\u738b\u5b89\u79bb\u5f00\u4e86\u54c8\u4f5b\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u4ed6\u5728\u5de5\u4e1a\u754c\u5df2\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u540d\u6c14\uff0c\u5e76\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u62a5\u916c\u5f88\u9ad8\u7684\u5408\u540c\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u51b3\u5b9a\u6210\u7acb\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u3002\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u534e\u4eba\u4ecd\u7136\u53d7\u5230\u6b67\u89c6\u3002\u5f53\u738b\u5b89\u62b5\u8fbe\u7f8e\u56fd\u65f6\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u4e2d\u7f8e\u5df2\u662f\u4e8c\u6218\u76df\u56fd\uff0c\u66b4\u529b\u4fb5\u72af\u534e\u4eba\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u5df2\u4e0d\u591a\u89c1\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u4ed6\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u6b67\u89c6\u548c\u504f\u89c1\u4ecd\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u738b\u5b89\u592b\u5987\u770b\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u516c\u5bd3\u5e7f\u544a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u770b\u516c\u5bd3\u65f6\u624d\u88ab\u544a\u4e4b\u8be5\u516c\u5bd3\u5df2\u7ecf\u79df\u51fa\u53bb\u4e86\u3002 \u738b\u5b89\u76f8\u4fe1\u56e0\u4e3a\u623f\u4ea7\u7ba1\u7406\u4eba\u5458\u770b\u5230\u738b\u5b89\u592b\u5987\u662f\u534e\u4eba\u624d\u8fd9\u6837\u8bf4\u7684[1]\u3002\u738b\u5b89\u75db\u5fc3\u5730\u770b\u5230\u5f53\u65f6\u793e\u4f1a\u8ba4\u4e3a\u534e\u4eba\u53ea\u80fd\u505a\u4f4e\u7ea7\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff1b\u6210\u7acb\u738b\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u8868\u660e\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u64c5\u957f\u505a\u9664\u6d17\u8863\u5e97\u548c\u9910\u9986\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u8be5\u5e746\u670830\u65e5\uff0c\u738b\u5b89\u516c\u53f8\uff08Wang Laboratories)\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7531\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u6295\u8d44$600\u7684\u5355\u4eba\u516c\u53f8\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u3002\u516c\u53f8\u4f4f\u5740\u5728296 Columbus Avenue\uff0cBoston\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u7ea6200\u5c3a\u7684\u623f\u95f4,\u79df\u91d1\u4e3a$70[8,15]\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\uff0c\u738b\u5b89\u7528\u4e2a\u4eba\u5408\u540c\u7684\u6536\u5165\u6765\u652f\u4ed8\u5236\u9020\u78c1\u82af\u5b58\u8d2e\u5668\u7684\u8d39\u7528\u3002\u4ece1952\u5e74\u52301955\u5e74\uff0c\u738b\u5b89\u4e00\u76f4\u5c31\u78c1\u82af\u5b58\u8d2e\u5668\u4e13\u5229\u6267\u7167\u548cIBM \u8c08\u5224\u30021956\u5e743\u6708\uff0c\u738b\u5b89\u4ee550\u4e07\u7684\u4ef7\u94b1\u628a\u6267\u7167\u5356\u7ed9\u4e86IBM\u3002\u4ece\u6b64\u738b\u5b89\u516c\u53f8\u5f00\u59cb\u7814\u5236\u8ba1\u7b97\u5668\u548c\u5927\u578b\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a[9,11] \u3002<\/p>\n

    1966\u5e74\u738b\u5b89\u516c\u53f8\u7684LOCI \u8ba1\u7b97\u5668\u6210\u4e3a\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6536\u5165\u6765\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n

    1967\u5e74\u738b\u5b89\u516c\u53f8\u5df2\u6709\u5458\u5de5400\u591a\u4eba\uff0c\u9500\u552e\u989d\u4e3a$690\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\u30028\u670823\u65e5\uff0c\u738b\u5b89\u516c\u53f8\u80a1\u7968\u4e0a\u5e02 [10,20] \u3002<\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/p>\n

    \u56fe\u7247\u53d6\u81ea\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e[11, 12]<\/p>\n

    \u4ece1971\u5e74\u8d77\u738b\u5b89\u516c\u53f8\u5f00\u59cb\u548cIBM\u548cDEC\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u516c\u53f8\u76f4\u63a5\u7ade\u4e89\u3002\u5f53\u65f6IBM\u540d\u6c14\u5927\uff0c\u5e02\u573a\u4e0a\u4e5f\u5360\u4f18\u52bf\u3002 \u4f46IBM\u5206\u522b\u51fa\u552e\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u786c\u4ef6\u548c\u8f6f\u4ef6\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e0a\u4e00\u822c\u6ca1\u6709\u914d\u5907\u987e\u5ba2\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u663e\u793a\u5c4f\u5e55\u548c\u5b9e\u65f6\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u952e\u76d8\uff1b\u800c\u738b\u5b89\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u548cIBM\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u8f6f\u4ef6\u517c\u5bb9\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u51fa\u552e\u5305\u542b\u6587\u5b57\u5904\u7406\u5668\u8f6f\u4ef6\uff0c\u7535\u5b50\u8868\u683c\u8f6f\u4ef6\u548c\u663e\u793a\u5c4f\u5e55\/\u5b9e\u65f6\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u952e\u76d8\uff0c\u6df1\u53d7\u65b0\u987e\u5ba2\u7684\u559c\u7231\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u738b\u5b89\u5728\u6b64\u671f\u95f4\u8fd8\u52a0\u5f3a\u4e86\u8425\u9500\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5e76\u4e8e1978\u5e74\u5c55\u5f00\u4e86\u4e3a\u671f\u4e09\u4e2a\u6708\u7684\u7535\u89c6\u5e7f\u544a\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u5c06\u738b\u5b89\u516c\u53f8\u63cf\u7ed8\u4e3a\u5927\u536b(David)\uff0c\u5c06IBM\u63cf\u7ed8\u4e3a\u6b4c\u5229\u4e9a (Goliath)\u3002 \u5f53\u65f6\u662f\u7b2c32\u5927\u7535\u8111\u5236\u9020\u5546\u7684\u738b\u5b89\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u5728\u7535\u89c6\u5e7f\u544a\u82b1\u7684\u7ecf\u8d39\u4ec5\u6b21\u4e8eIBM[14]\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u7b2c\u4e00\u53f0Wang VS\u5927\u578b\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e8e1977\u5e74\u63a8\u51fa\uff0c\u5e76\u572839\u5e74\u540e\u7ee7\u7eed\u4f7f\u7528 [19] \u3002<\/p>\n

    \u4ece1979\u5e74\u52301984\u5e74\uff0c\u738b\u5b89\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u6536\u5165\u6bcf\u5e74\u731b\u589e61\uff05\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u516c\u53f8\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u6587\u5b57\u5904\u7406\u548c\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u7814\u53d1\u9884\u7b97\u4ece1976\u5e74\u7684300\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\u589e\u52a0\u52301984\u5e74\u76841.6\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u589e\u957f\u6fc0\u589e\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u516c\u53f8\u4e5f\u8fdb\u5165\u4e86\u8d22\u5bcc500\u5f3a\u5e02\u573a\uff0c \u5230\u4e861983\u5e74\uff0c\u516c\u53f8\u8fd1\u4e00\u534a\u7684\u6536\u5165\u6765\u81ea\u8d22\u5bcc500\u5f3a\u7684\u5ba2\u6237[14]\u3002<\/p>\n

    1984\u5e74\u738b\u5b89\u516c\u53f8\u88ab\u7f8e\u56fd\u8d22\u5bcc\u6742\u5fd7\u8bc4\u9009\u4e3a\u5168\u7403500\u5bb6\u6700\u5927\u516c\u53f8\u540d\u5355\u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c227\u4f4d [15, 16] \u3002<\/p>\n

    1986\u5e74\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u8d22\u5bcc500\u5f3a\u5927\u578b\u4f01\u4e1a\u4e2d\u6392\u540d\u7b2c146\u4f4d\u3002\u540c\u5e74\u738b\u5b89\u516c\u53f8\u8d62\u5f97\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u7a7a\u519b\u76844.8\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\uff08VS Mini Computer Multi User Program\uff09\u5408\u540c\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u5408\u4f5c\u4f19\u4f34\u5728\u4e0a\u6d77\u6210\u7acb\u5408\u8d44\u4f01\u4e1a\uff0c\u751f\u4ea7VS\u5c0f\u578b\u673a\u7cfb\u5217 [20] \u3002<\/p>\n

    \u52301990\u5e748\u6708\u5e95\uff0c\u738b\u5b89\u516c\u53f8\u8d62\u5f97\u4e86\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u6700\u5927\u7684\u5408\u540c\uff1a\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u7b7e\u8ba2\u4e86\u4e00\u4efd\u4ef7\u503c\u53ef\u80fd\u8fbe\u52308.413\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\uff08$841.3 million\uff09\u7684\u5408\u540c[20]\u3002<\/p>\n

    1992\u5e74\u738b\u5b89\u516c\u53f8\u62e5\u670913,000\u5458\u5de5\uff0c\u5e74\u9500\u552e\u989d\u4e3a19 \u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143 [13, 20] \u3002<\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/p>\n

    \u5de6\u56fe\uff1a\u738b\u5b89\u516c\u53f8\u5728Lowell\u7684\u603b\u90e8[20]; \u53f3\u56fe\uff1a1973\u5e74\u672b\u9a6c\u8428\u8bf8\u585e\u5dde\u5eb7\u79d1\u5fb7\u5e02Fenn\u5b66\u6821\u76848\u5e74\u7ea7\u5b66\u751f\u5728\u4f7f\u7528Wang 2200 [20]<\/p>\n

    \u738b\u5b89\u516c\u53f8\u7684<\/strong>\u8870\u4ea1<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u4ece\u4e0a\u4e16\u7eaa60\u5e74\u4ee3\u523080\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u9ebb\u5dde128\u53f7\u516c\u8def\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u300a\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u79d1\u6280\u9ad8\u901f\u516c\u8def\u300b\u548c\u300a\u9ebb\u5dde\u7684\u5947\u8ff9\u300b\uff0c\u9886\u5934\u7f8a\u662f\u738b\u5b89\u516c\u53f8, DEC\uff0c\u548cData General [27].<\/p>\n

    1983\u5e74John F. Cunningham\u88ab\u4efb\u547d\u4e3a\u738b\u5b89\u516c\u53f8\u603b\u88c1\uff0c\u800c\u738b\u5b89\u4ecd\u62c5\u4efb\u4e3b\u5e2d\u517c\u9996\u5e2d\u6267\u884c\u5b98\u3002 Cunningham\u81ea1967\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u516c\u53f8\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e3a\u63a8\u52a8\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u529e\u516c\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u4f5c\u51fa\u8d21\u732e\u3002\u4f46\u4ece20\u4e16\u7eaa80\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u671f\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u6280\u672f\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u65b0\u578b\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u7535\u8111, \u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u548c\u66f4\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ad9\uff08workstation\uff09\u5f00\u59cb\u8fdb\u5165\u4e86\u738b\u5b89\u7684\u5c0f\u578b\u673a\u5e02\u573a\uff0c\u738b\u5b89\u516c\u53f8\u5f00\u59cb\u5931\u53bb\u5176\u9ad8\u589e\u957f\u7684\u52bf\u5934\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8be5\u516c\u53f8\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7ec4\u7ec7\u53d8\u9769\u30021985\u5e747\u6708\uff0c\u5728\u6536\u5165\u6025\u5267\u4e0b\u964d\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u4e2d\uff0cCunningham\u8f9e\u804c\u3002\u4ed6\u540e\u6765\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u8f9e\u804c\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u738b\u5b89\u51b3\u5b9a\u9009\u62e9\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u513f\u5b50Fred Wang\u4f5c\u4e3a\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u672a\u6765\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u738b\u5b89\u77ed\u6682\u5730\u91cd\u65b0\u62c5\u4efb\u516c\u53f8\u603b\u88c1\u3002\u5e74\u672a\u65f6\uff0c\u62c5\u4efb\u8d22\u52a1\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u4e0e\u5f00\u53d1\u4e3b\u7ba1\u7684Fred Wang\u88ab\u4efb\u547d\u4e3a\u603b\u88c1\u3002\u516c\u53f8\u57281986\u5e74\u83b7\u5f97\u5fae\u8584\u7684\u5229\u6da6\u30021987\u5e74\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5168\u5e74\u4e2d\u516c\u53f8\u635f\u5931\u4e867000\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\u3002 1988\u5e74\uff0c\u516c\u53f8\u635f\u5931\u589e\u52a0\u52309200\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143 [24] \u3002\u52301989\u5e746\u6708\u8d22\u653f\u5e74\u5ea6\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6\uff0c\u738b\u5b89\u6bcf\u5e74\u4e8f\u635f4.24\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u52a8\u95ee\u9898\u5df2\u7ecf\u5230\u4e86\u5371\u673a\u70b9\u3002\u867d\u7136\u5927\u591a\u6570\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u516c\u53f8\u901a\u8fc7\u53d1\u884c\u80a1\u7968\u4e3a\u5176\u589e\u957f\u63d0\u4f9b\u8d44\u91d1\uff0c\u4f46\u738b\u5b89\u9009\u62e9\u4f7f\u7528\u503a\u52a1\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u907f\u514d\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6de1\u5316\u5bb6\u65cf\u5bf9\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u63a7\u5236 [24] \u3002<\/p>\n

    \u5728\u503a\u6743\u4eba\u4e0d\u65ad\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u538b\u529b\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u626d\u8f6c\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u76c8\u5229\u4e0b\u6ed1\uff0c1989\u5e748\u6708\uff0c\u738b\u5b89\u89e3\u9664\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u513f\u5b50\u7684\u603b\u88c1\u804c\u52a1\uff0c\u5e76\u547d\u540d\u901a\u7528\u7535\u6c14\u516c\u53f8\u524d\u6d88\u8d39\u7535\u5b50\u4e1a\u52a1\u8d1f\u8d23\u4ebaRichard W. Miller\u53d6\u4ee3Fred Wang\u3002\u4ed6\u7ee7\u627f\u4e86\u8d85\u8fc710\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u503a\u52a1\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec5.75\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u94f6\u884c\u8d37\u6b3e\uff0c\u8fc5\u901f\u5ba3\u5e03\u524a\u51cf\u6267\u884c\u5b98\u50da\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u51fa\u552e\u975e\u6218\u7565\u6027\u8d44\u4ea7\u4ee5\u53ca\u63a8\u52a8\u516c\u53f8\u8fdb\u5165\u5176\u5ffd\u89c6\u7684\u65b0\u5174\u5e02\u573a\uff0c\u60f3\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8ba1\u5212\u6765\u5f7b\u5e95\u6539\u9769\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u65b9\u5411 [17] \u3002\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9Fred Wong\u6301\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4ed6\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u516c\u53f8\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u66ff\u7f6a\u7f8a [25] \u3002<\/p>\n

    1990\u5e743\u6708\u5728\u738b\u5b89\u53bb\u4e16\u540e\uff0cMiller\u88ab\u4efb\u547d\u4e3a\u4e3b\u5e2d\u548c\u9996\u5e2d\u6267\u884c\u5b98\u7684\u989d\u5916\u804c\u4f4d [24] \u3002<\/p>\n

    \u738b\u5b89\u516c\u53f8\u4e8e1992\u5e748\u670818\u65e5\u7533\u8bf7\u7834\u4ea7\u4fdd\u62a4\u3002\u8131\u79bb\u7834\u4ea7\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u65b0\u738b\u5b89\u516c\u53f8\u5206\u6210\u4e3aWang Global (\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a) \u548c Wang Software\u3002<\/p>\n

    Kodak\u4e8e1997\u5e74\u6536\u8d2d\u4e86Wang Software\u3002 1999\u5e74\uff0c\u8377\u5170Getronics\u6536\u8d2d\u4e86\u5e74\u6536\u516535\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u7684Wang Global\u3002 \u622a\u81f32006\u5e74\uff0c\u5168\u7403\u7ea6\u67091,000\u81f32,000\u4e2aWang VS\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ecd\u5728\u4f7f\u7528 [30] \u3002<\/p>\n

    \u81f3\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u300a\u9ebb\u5dde\u7684\u5947\u8ff9\u300b\u7684\u4e3b\u89d2\uff0cDEC\u4e8e1998\u5e746\u6708\u88abCompaq\u6536\u8d2d [28] \u3002Data General \u4e8e1999\u5e7410\u6708\u88abEMC\u6536\u8d2d [29] \u3002<\/p>\n

    \u503c\u5f97\u4e00\u63d0\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u66fe\u4efb\u738b\u5b89\u516c\u53f8\u7f8e\u56fd\u8fd0\u8425\u526f\u603b\u88c1\u7684John Chambers \u4e8e1991\u5e74\u52a0\u5165\u601d\u79d1\uff08Cisco Systems\uff09\u3002\u81ea1995\u5e741\u6708\u8d77\uff0c\u5f53\u4ed6\u62c5\u4efb\u601d\u79d1\u9996\u5e2d\u6267\u884c\u5b98\u4e00\u804c\u65f6\uff0c\u516c\u53f8\u5e74\u6536\u5165\u4ece7000\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\u589e\u957f\u52302007\u5e74\u7684\u7ea6400\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143 [20]\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u672c\u5206<\/strong><\/p>\n

    1984\u5e74\u798f\u5e03\u65af\uff08Forbes\uff09\u6742\u5fd7\u4f30\u8ba1\u738b\u5b89\u4ef7\u503c\u4e3a16\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u5c06\u4ed6\u5217\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e94\u4e2a\u6700\u5bcc\u6709\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba[21] \u3002<\/p>\n

    \u738b\u5b89\u628a\u4ed6\u7684\u6210\u529f\u5f52\u4e8e\u5e2e\u52a9\u8fc7\u4ed6\u7684\u5b66\u6821\u3001\u793e\u533a\u548c\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u81ea\u4e03\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u5f00\u59cb\u5c31\u6ce8\u91cd\u6148\u5584\u4e8b\u4e1a\uff0c\u89c9\u5f97\u6709\u4e49\u52a1\u6765\u62a5\u7b54\u4ed6\u4eec\u3002\u738b\u5b89\u7ed9\u6bcd\u6821\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66\u6350\u4e86400\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\u30021984\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u5411\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66\u6350\u8d60\u4e86100\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u4ee5\u7eaa\u5ff5\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u7684\u56db\u9879\u79d1\u5b66\u5956\u5b66\u91d1\uff0c\u53c8\u7ed9John K. Fairbank \u4e1c\u4e9a\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6350\u4e86100\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u57f9\u8bad\u5e74\u8f7b\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b66\u8005\u3002\u738b\u5b89\u5e76\u7ed9\u5b66\u6821\u5176\u4ed6\u9879\u76ee\u6350\u8d60\u4e86200\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143 [26] \u3002<\/p>\n

    1979\u5e74\u738b\u5b89\u4e3a\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b66\u8005\u521b\u7acb\u4e86600\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u738b\u5b89\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u5b66\u9662\uff0c\u4e00\u6240\u4f4d\u4e8eTyngsboro\uff0cMA\uff0c\u72ec\u7acb\/\u975e\u8425\u5229\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u3002\u738b\u5b89\u628a\u4ed6\u7684\u81ea\u4f20\u300aLessons\u300b\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u6536\u5165\u5168\u90e8\u7528\u4e8e\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u6240\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u3002\u738b\u5b89\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u73b0\u5728\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u6ce2\u58eb\u987f\u5927\u5b66\u738b\u5b89\u7814\u7a76\u6240 [14] \u3002<\/p>\n

    \u738b\u5b89\u91cd\u89c6\u793e\u533a\u5efa\u8bbe\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u6ce2\u58eb\u987f\u5510\u4eba\u8857\u5efa\u8bbe\u4e86\u4e3a300\u540d\u5e02\u5185\u5c45\u6c11\u63d0\u4f9b\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ef7\u503c1500\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c1983\u5e74\u51ac\u5929\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u738b\u5b89\u516c\u53f8\u5de5\u5382[21\uff0c26]\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u632f\u5174\u6ce2\u58eb\u987f\u897f\u531730\u82f1\u91cc\u7684\u8001\u5de5\u4e1a\u57ce\u5e02\uff0c\u738b\u5b89\u603b\u516c\u53f8\u6240\u5728\u5730Lowell\u53d1\u6325\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6350\u8d60\u7ed9\u5f53\u5730\u7684\u300a\u738b\u5b89\u4e2d\u5b66\u300b[23].<\/p>\n

    \u738b\u5b89\u8fd8\u4e3a\u6062\u590d\u6ce2\u58eb\u987f\u5730\u6807\u300a\u5927\u90fd\u4f1a\u5267\u9662\u300b\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u91cd\u5927\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u4ece1989\u5e74\u52301992\u5e74\uff0c\u7b79\u96c6\u4e86980\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u5c06\u5267\u9662\u6062\u590d\u4e3a\u201c20\u4e16\u7eaa20\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u8f89\u714c\u5c81\u6708\u201d[26],\u201c\u5927\u90fd\u4f1a\u201d\u4e8e1983\u5e74\u6539\u540d\u4e3a\u738b\u5b89\u5267\u9662\uff0c\u800c\u5927\u90fd\u4f1a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u738b\u5b89\u827a\u672f\u4e2d\u5fc3[21]\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u738b\u5b89\u6350\u8d60\u4e86400\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\u7ed9\u9a6c\u8428\u8bf8\u585e\u5dde\u603b\u533b\u9662( Massachusetts general hospital) \u7684\u95e8\u8bca\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u8be5\u4e2d\u5fc3\u66f4\u540d\u4e3a\u738b\u5b89\u5927\u53a6[21]\u3002\u738b\u5b89\u8fd8\u6350\u8d60\u7ed9\u592a\u592aLoraine\u00a0\u6bcd\u6821\u97e6\u5c14\u65af\u5229\u5b66\u9662(Wellesley College, MA)\u00a0100\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u201c\u6211\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u6210\u5343\u4e0a\u4e07\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u4ed6\u7684\u6240\u4f5c\u6240\u4e3a\u800c\u611f\u6fc0\u4e0d\u5c3d\u201d\uff0c\u5dde\u957fMichael S. Dukakis\u66fe\u5bf9\u738b\u5b89\u535a\u58eb\u8fd9\u6837\u8bc4\u4ef7\u9053 [21] \u3002<\/p>\n

    \u738b\u5b89\u535a\u58eb\u4e00\u8eab\u4e2d\u7684\u8363\u8a89\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/p>\n

    \u7f8e\u56fd\u7535\u6c14\u548c\u7535\u5b50\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u534f\u4f1a\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5458<\/p>\n

    \u7f8e\u56fd\u827a\u672f\u4e0e\u79d1\u5b66\u5b66\u9662\u7684\u6210\u5458<\/p>\n

    \u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u53d1\u660e\u5bb6\u540d\u4eba\u5802<\/p>\n

    \u4ee5\u4ed6\u547d\u540d\u7684\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u7535\u6c14\u5de5\u7a0b\u4e13\u4e1a\u7684\u738b\u5b89\u6559\u6388\u804c\u4f4d[21] \u3002<\/p>\n

    \u738b\u5b89\u548c\u592a\u592aLoraine\u00a0\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u5b69\u5b50\uff0c\u957f\u5b50Frederick, \u6b21\u5b50Courtney \u548c\u5973\u513f Juliette [13, 14] \u3002<\/p>\n

    \u738b\u5b89\u535a\u58eb\u4e8e1990\u5e743\u670825\u65e5\u56e0\u75be\u75c5\u5728\u6ce2\u58eb\u987f\u53bb\u4e16[15]\u3002<\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/p>\n

    \u56fe\u7247\u53d6\u81ea\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e[22, 23]<\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/p>\n

    \u738b\u5b89\u592b\u5987\u548c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u513f\u5b50 [20]<\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/p>\n

    1986\u5e74\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u5728\u5317\u4eac\u4f1a\u89c1\u738b\u5b89 [20]<\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/p>\n

    1987\u5e747\u67083\u65e5\u91cc\u6839\u603b\u7edf\u548c\u592b\u4eba\u5357\u5e0c\u5728\u7ebd\u7ea6\u5dde\u957f\u5c9b\u7684\u56fd\u5e86\u8282\u5468\u672b\u5f00\u5e55\u5f0f\u4e0a\u9881\u53d1\u81ea\u7531\u5956\u7ae0\u3002\u83b7\u5956\u8005\u662fHenry Kissinger(\u57fa\u8f9b\u683c), Franklin Chang-Diaz (\u5b87\u822a\u5458\uff09\uff0cIM Pei\uff08\u8c9d\u807f\u9298\uff09\uff0cItzhak Perlman\uff08\u5c0f\u63d0\u7434\u5bb6\uff0c\u6307\u6325\uff09\uff0cJames Reston\uff08\u7ebd\u7ea6\u65f6\u62a5\u4e13\u680f\u4f5c\u5bb6\/\u603b\u7f16\uff09\uff0cKenneth Clark\uff08\u4f5c\u5bb6\/\u5e7f\u64ad\u5458\/\u827a\u672f\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\uff09\uff0cAlbert Sabin\uff08\u810a\u9ad3\u7070\u8d28\u708e\u75ab\u82d7\u53d1\u660e\u8005\uff09\uff0c\u738b\u5b89<\/strong>\uff08An Wang\uff09\uff0cElie Wiesel\uff08\u7f8e\u56fd\u72b9\u592a\u4f5c\u5bb6\uff0c\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u6d3b\u52a8\u5bb6\uff0c\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5956\u83b7\u5f97\u8005\u548cHolocaust\u5e78\u5b58\u8005\uff09\uff0c Bob Hope\uff08\u6f14\u5458\uff0c\u6b4c\u5531\u5bb6\uff09\uff0cHanna Holburn\uff08\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u5927\u5b66\u6821\u957f\uff09\uff0cLee Iacocca\uff08 \u5546\u4eba\uff0c\u514b\u83b1\u65af\u52d2\u516c\u53f8\u4e3b\u5e2d\uff0c\u798f\u7279\u516c\u53f8\u603b\u7edf\uff09 [20] \u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    \u4f5c\u8005: \u7126\u51e1\uff08Fan Jiao)\u00a0 \u00a0\u6765\u6e90: \u7f8e\u534e\u53f2\u8bb0 \u5bfc\u8bfb\uff1a\u4f5c\u4e3a1984\u5e74\u7b2c\u4e94\u5bcc\u6709\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\uff0c\u62e5\u670940\u9879\u4e13\u5229\u548c […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[5],"tags":[4879,15918,8632,15919],"views":543,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/51953"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=51953"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/51953\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":52248,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/51953\/revisions\/52248"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=51953"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=51953"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=51953"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}