{"id":51967,"date":"2025-04-25T09:15:25","date_gmt":"2025-04-25T01:15:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/?p=51967"},"modified":"2025-04-25T09:15:25","modified_gmt":"2025-04-25T01:15:25","slug":"%e4%b8%ad%e5%9b%bd%e9%92%a6%e5%b7%ae-anson-burlingame%e8%92%b2%e5%ae%89%e8%87%a3%ef%bc%89","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/?p=51967","title":{"rendered":"\u4e2d\u56fd\u94a6\u5dee: Anson Burlingame(\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"index_headerContent__sASF4\">\n<div class=\"index_left__LfzyH\">\n<div>\u4f5c\u8005: \u738b\u5143\u5d07\u00a0 \u6765\u6e90: \u6f8e\u6e43\u65b0\u95fb\u2219\u6f8e\u6e43\u7814\u7a76\u6240<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div 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H. Seward,1861-69\u5e74\u62c5\u4efb\u56fd\u52a1\u537f\uff09\u7684\u6c47\u62a5\uff0c\u603b\u7406\u8859\u95e8\u662f\u5728\u4e00\u6b21\u6b22\u9001\u665a\u5bb4\u4e0a\uff0c\u7531\u603b\u7f72\u5927\u81e3\u6587\u7965\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u82f1\u56fd\u9a7b\u534e\u516c\u4f7f\u9986\u79d8\u4e66\u67cf\u5353\u5b89\uff08John McLeary Brown,1842-1926\uff09\u5c45\u95f4\u8054\u7edc\uff0c\u6b63\u5f0f\u5bf9\u4ed6\u53d1\u51fa\u9080\u8bf7\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e00\u756a\u601d\u91cf\uff0c\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u7b54\u5e94\u51fa\u4efb\u4e2d\u56fd\u94a6\u5dee\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u5176\u4eba<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u662f\u6797\u80af\u603b\u7edf\u4efb\u547d\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u7b2c\u4e00\u4efb\u9a7b\u534e\u516c\u4f7f\u30021861\u5e74\u5949\u547d\u4f7f\u534e\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u575b\u5df2\u662f\u540d\u4eba\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u603b\u7406\u8859\u95e8\u5bf9\u6b64\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e86\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u6bd5\u4e1a\u4e8e\u54c8\u4f5b\u6cd5\u5b66\u9662\uff0c\u4ece\u653f\u524d\u662f\u540d\u5f8b\u5e08\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u5185\u6218\u524d\u5915\uff0c\u4ed6\u4efb\u9ebb\u7701\u7684\u56fd\u4f1a\u4f17\u8bae\u5458\uff0c\u662f\u575a\u5b9a\u7684\u5e9f\u5974\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u3002\u4ee4\u4ed6\u540d\u58f0\u5927\u566a\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u7bc7\u9898\u4e3a\u201c\u9a6c\u8428\u8bf8\u585e\u5dde\u7684\u6297\u8fa9\u201d\uff08Defense of Massachusetts\uff09\u7684\u56fd\u4f1a\u6f14\u8bb2\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u53c8\u8981\u4ece\u201c\u8428\u83ab\u62d0\u6756\u6328\u6253\u4e8b\u4ef6\u201d\u8bb2\u8d77\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1856\u5e745\u670819\u53ca20\u4e24\u65e5\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u6765\u81ea\u9ebb\u7701\u7684\u53c2\u8bae\u5458\u67e5\u7406\u65af\u2022\u8428\u83ab\uff08Charles Summer\uff09\u63a5\u8fde\u53d1\u8868\u53cd\u5bf9\u84c4\u5974\u7684\u6f14\u8bb2\uff0c\u62a8\u51fb\u4e3b\u5f20\u84c4\u5974\u7684\u5357\u5361\u83b1\u7f57\u7eb3\u5dde\u6c11\u4e3b\u515a\u4f17\u8bae\u5458\u666e\u745e\u601d\u987f\u2022\u5e03\u9c81\u514b\u65af\uff08Preston Brooks\uff09\u53ca\u5176\u4eb2\u621a\u300222\u65e5\uff0c\u5e03\u9c81\u514b\u65af\u8d70\u5230\u8428\u83ab\u5728\u53c2\u8bae\u9662\u7684\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\uff0c\u7528\u62d0\u6756\u88ad\u51fb\u4e86\u6b63\u5728\u529e\u516c\u7684\u8428\u83ab\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f4\u540e\u8005\u4e0d\u7701\u4eba\u4e8b\uff0c\u62d0\u6756\u788e\u4e86\u4e00\u5730\u3002<\/p>\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/img0.baidu.com\/it\/u=3060327561,3393280910&amp;fm=253&amp;fmt=auto?w=600&amp;h=400\" \/><\/div>\n<p><em>1856\u5e745\u670822\u65e5\u5e03\u9c81\u514b\u65af\u7528\u62d0\u6756\u6bb4\u6253\u8428\u83ab\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u90a3\u6839\u6253\u788e\u4e86\u7684\u62d0\u6756\u73b0\u5728\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728\u6ce2\u58eb\u987f\u535a\u7269\u9986\u5185<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u4e2a\u6708\u540e\u76846\u670821\u65e5\uff0c\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u5728\u56fd\u4f1a\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u90a3\u7bc7\u88ab\u300a\u7ebd\u7ea6\u65f6\u62a5\u300b\u8a89\u4e3a\u5176\u804c\u4e1a\u751f\u6daf\u201c\u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\u6f14\u8bb2\u201d\u3002\u5728\u6f14\u8bb2\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u631e\u4f10\u5357\u65b9\u7684\u84c4\u5974\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u5c06\u6253\u4eba\u8005\u5e03\u9c81\u514b\u65af\u65a5\u4e3a\u56fd\u4f1a\u5c71\u201c\u6700\u5351\u52a3\u7684\u61e6\u592b\u201d\u3002\u66b4\u6012\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u5e03\u9c81\u514b\u65af\u5411\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u63d0\u51fa\u51b3\u6597\uff0c\u8bb5\u6599\u540e\u8005\u7adf\u723d\u5feb\u7b54\u5e94\u4e86\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u7f8e\u56fd\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u51b3\u6597\uff0c\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u628a\u5730\u70b9\u9009\u5728\u7f8e\u52a0\u8fb9\u5883\u5c3c\u4e9a\u52a0\u62c9\u5927\u7011\u5e03\u7684\u52a0\u65b9\u4e00\u4fa7\uff0c\u5e76\u51c6\u5907\u597d\u4e86\u6765\u798f\u67aa\u3002\u5c31\u5728\u8fd9\u5f53\u53e3\uff0c\u5e03\u9c81\u514b\u65af\u670d\u8f6f\u4e86\uff0c\u4e0d\u80af\u53bb\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u51b3\u6597\u3002\u4e8b\u60c5\u9042\u4ee5\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u626c\u540d\u7acb\u4e07\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u201c\u82f1\u96c4\u201d\u800c\u544a\u7ec8\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u968f\u540e\uff0c\u201c\u82f1\u96c4\u201d\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u53bb\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u7eb3\u6ce2\u5229\u65af\u505a\u7ade\u9009\u6f14\u8bb2\u3002\u90a3\u6b21\u6f14\u8bb2\u8ba9\u4ed6\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e86\u80af\u5854\u57fa\u5dde\u6765\u7684\u5f8b\u5e08\u517c\u524d\u56fd\u4f1a\u4f17\u8bae\u5458\u6c64\u739b\u65af\u2022\u9a6c\u6b47\u5c14\uff08Thomas Francis Marshall\uff09\u3002\u6c64\u739b\u65af\u70ed\u60c5\u5730\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u4ed6\u5343\u91cc\u8fe2\u8fe2\u5730\u8d76\u6765\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u8981\u201c\u770b\u770b\u82f1\u52c7\u524d\u5f80\u5c3c\u52a0\u62c9\u74dc\u7011\u5e03\u7684\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u4e2a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4eba\u201d\uff0c\u4e24\u4eba\u90fd\u53cd\u5bf9\u5974\u96b6\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u7acb\u573a\u5341\u5206\u63a5\u8fd1\u3002\u4e5f\u6b63\u662f\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u53cd\u5bf9\u84c4\u5974\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u9886\u8896\u4eec\u8054\u5408\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u7ec4\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u653f\u515a\uff0c\u4ea6\u5373\u4eca\u5929\u6267\u653f\u7684\u5171\u548c\u515a\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4e01\u97ea\u826f\u8bd1\u300a\u4e07\u56fd\u516c\u6cd5\u300b<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1861\u5e7410\u670824\u65e5\uff0c\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u62b5\u8fbe\u9999\u6e2f\uff0c\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u9017\u7559\u4e86\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u76f4\u52301862\u5e747\u6708\u624d\u5317\u4e0a\u8fdb\u4eac\u3002\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u672c\u4eba\u4e0d\u61c2\u4e2d\u6587\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u5f88\u5feb\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u603b\u7406\u8859\u95e8\u7684\u597d\u611f\u3002\u548c\u5728\u56fd\u5185\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u7684\u950b\u8292\u6bd5\u9732\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u5916\u4ea4\u4e0a\u8868\u73b0\u6e29\u548c\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u540d\u64c5\u957f\u6f14\u8bb2\u7684\u5f8b\u5e08\uff0c\u4ed6\u603b\u662f\u8a00\u8f9e\u5f97\u4f53\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u59d4\u5a49\u5730\u7ed9\u4e2d\u56fd\u5916\u4ea4\u63d0\u4e9b\u6307\u5bfc\u610f\u89c1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u800c\u7f8e\u56fd\u9664\u4e86\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u9e26\u7247\u6218\u4e89\u521d\u671f\u56e0\u6c5f\u9762\u8239\u53ea\u51b2\u7a81\u800c\u70ae\u51fb\u8fc7\u5e7f\u5dde\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u66fe\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u53d1\u751f\u6b63\u9762\u7684\u519b\u4e8b\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u5176\u5bf9\u534e\u5916\u4ea4\u4e0a\u5949\u5b88\u4e2d\u7acb\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e0d\u52a8\u6b66\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8981\u6c42\u79df\u754c\u548c\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u4e5f\u4e0d\u50cf\u5176\u4ed6\u897f\u65b9\u9a7b\u534e\u516c\u4f7f\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u52a8\u8f84\u8dd1\u53bb\u603b\u7406\u8859\u95e8\u5de6\u53f3\u7406\u8bba\u3001\u4e0a\u4e0b\u65bd\u538b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u603b\u7406\u8859\u95e8\u5927\u81e3\u4eec\u7684\u773c\u4e2d\uff0c\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u662f\u4e2a\u201c\u597d\u4eba\u201d\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u4e5f\u5e38\u5e38\u62dc\u6258\u4ed6\u5728\u5404\u9a7b\u4eac\u516c\u4f7f\u4e4b\u95f4\u534f\u8c03\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u4e0e\u603b\u7406\u8859\u95e8\u4ea4\u5f80\u878d\u6d3d\uff0c\u66f4\u5411\u540e\u8005\u5f15\u8350\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u4e01\u97ea\u826f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e3e\u52a8\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u8fd1\u4ee3\u5316\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u4e01\u97ea\u826f\u6b63\u5728\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7f8e\u56fd\u6cd5\u5b66\u5bb6\u4ea8\u5229\u2022\u60e0\u987f\uff08Henry Wheaton\uff09\u4e8e1836\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u7684Elements of International Law \uff08\u201c\u56fd\u9645\u6cd5\u539f\u7406\u201d\uff09\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u4e2d\u6587\u540d\u5b57\u5b9a\u4e3a\u300a\u4e07\u56fd\u516c\u6cd5\u300b\u3002\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u89c9\u5f97\u4e2d\u56fd\u5e94\u8be5\u4e86\u89e3\u56fd\u9645\u6cd5\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u5e76\u975e\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u90fd\u5bf9\u6b64\u559c\u95fb\u4e50\u89c1\u3002\u6cd5\u56fd\u4ee3\u7406\u516c\u4f7f\u54e5\u58eb\u8006\uff08Michel Alexandre Klecskowsky\uff09\u5c31\u66fe\u5bf9\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u90a3\u4e2a\u8981\u8ba9\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u4e86\u89e3\u6b27\u6d32\u56fd\u9645\u6cd5\u7684\u5bb6\u4f19\u662f\u8c01\uff1f\u6740\u4e86\u4ed6\u2014\u2014\u628a\u4ed6\u6390\u6b7b\uff01\u4ed6\u5c06\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u5e26\u6765\u65e0\u7a77\u7684\u9ebb\u70e6\u3002\u201d\u4e0d\u8fc7\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u548c\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\u516c\u4f7f\u5e03\u9c81\u65af\uff08Frederick Bruce\uff09\u90fd\u5341\u5206\u652f\u6301\u4e01\u97ea\u826f\u7ee7\u7eed\u7ffb\u8bd1\u3002<\/p>\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/i02piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/1ed60d6af668d6a8\" \/><\/div>\n<p><em>\u540c\u6cbb\u4e09\u5e74\uff081863\u5e74\uff09\u51ac\u5317\u4eac\u4eac\u90fd\u5d07\u5b9e\u9986\u6240\u520a\u884c\u4e4b\u300a\u4e07\u56fd\u516c\u6cd5\u300b<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u300a\u4e07\u56fd\u516c\u6cd5\u300b\u4e8e\u540c\u6cbb\u4e09\u5e74\u51ac\u6b63\u5f0f\u5728\u5317\u4eac\u520a\u523b\u51fa\u7248\uff08\u9633\u5386\u5df2\u662f1864\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u7cfb\u4e2d\u56fd\u7b2c\u4e00\u4efd\u56fd\u9645\u6cd5\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u5f88\u5feb\u4f20\u5230\u4e86\u65e5\u672c\u548c\u671d\u9c9c\u7b49\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002\u4e01\u97ea\u826f\u9010\u6e10\u6210\u4e3a\u603b\u7406\u8859\u95e8\u7684\u597d\u52a9\u624b\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5728\u521a\u521a\u5f00\u5f20\u7684\u540c\u6587\u9986\u6559\u82f1\u6587\uff0c\u65e5\u540e\u66f4\u6210\u4e3a\u4eac\u5e08\u5927\u5b66\u5802\u7684\u897f\u5b66\u603b\u6559\u4e60\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6700\u521d\u5728\u540c\u6587\u9986\uff0c\u4e01\u97ea\u826f\u66fe\u56e0\u5b66\u751f\u5c11\u4e14\u82b1\u8d39\u65f6\u95f4\u591a\uff0c\u60f3\u9000\u804c\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u529d\u8bf4\u4ed6\u8981\u575a\u6301\u4e0b\u53bb\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1865\u5e74\u521d\uff0c\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u8981\u56de\u7f8e\u56fd\u516c\u5e72\u4e00\u8d9f\u3002\u603b\u7406\u8859\u95e8\u4ee5\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4efb\u671f\u7ed3\u675f\u88ab\u53ec\u56de\u4e86\uff0c\u5341\u5206\u4e0d\u820d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>3\u67083\u65e5\uff0c\u606d\u4eb2\u738b\u5955\u4723\u7279\u610f\u5728\u603b\u7406\u8859\u95e8\u63a5\u89c1\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\uff0c\u79f0\u5c06\u4e0e\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u201d\uff08our true friend\uff09\u5206\u522b\uff0c\u4e0d\u514d\u4f24\u611f\u3002\u5f85\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u5e94\u8bf4\u53ea\u662f\u77ed\u6682\u56de\u56fd\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u606d\u4eb2\u738b\u8868\u8fbe\u4e86\u5e0c\u671b\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u80fd\u591f\u518d\u56de\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\u6765\u7684\u613f\u671b\u3002\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u611f\u8c22\u606d\u4eb2\u738b\u7684\u4fe1\u4efb\uff0c\u627f\u8bfa\u201c\u5982\u679c\u6709\u80fd\u4e3a\u8d35\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u6548\u529b\u4e4b\u5904\uff0c\u6211\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f1a\u56de\u6765\u201d\u3002\u606d\u4eb2\u738b\u542c\u7f62\uff0c\u8981\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u4e3e\u676f\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4f1a\u56de\u6765\uff0c\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u7167\u7740\u505a\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u606d\u4eb2\u738b\u7b49\u4eba\u89c6\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u4e3a\u771f\u670b\u53cb\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u6ca1\u6709\u7f18\u6545\u3002\u62ff\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u4e0e\u82f1\u56fd\u9a7b\u534e\u516c\u4f7f\u9986\u7684\u5a01\u59a5\u739b\uff08Thomas Francis Wade, 1818-1895\uff09\u505a\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u5c31\u6e05\u695a\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6309\u8bf4\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u63a5\u89e6\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u662f\u82f1\u56fd\uff0c\u5a01\u59a5\u739b\u66f4\u662f\u65e9\u4e8e1842\u5e74\u5c31\u6765\u5230\u9999\u6e2f\uff0c\u4e2d\u6587\u8bf4\u5f97\u5f88\u6e9c\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u9e26\u7247\u6218\u4e89\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u4ed6\u62c5\u4efb\u82f1\u56fd\u7edf\u5e05\u989d\u5c14\u91d1\u4f2f\u7235\u7684\u79d8\u4e66\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u65f6\u95f4\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u9a7b\u4eac\u516c\u4f7f\u9986\u4efb\u804c\uff0c1871\u5e74\u51fa\u4efb\u516c\u4f7f\uff0c\u76f4\u52301882\u5e74\u79bb\u4eac\uff0c\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f9b\u804c\u957f\u8fbe40\u5e74\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u5a01\u59a5\u739b\u4e2a\u6027\u5f20\u626c\uff0c\u813e\u6c14\u706b\u7206\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5e94\u5c3d\u5feb\u5411\u4ed6\u7684\u6b27\u6d32\u8001\u5bb6\u5b66\u4e60\u4ee5\u7f29\u5c0f\u5dee\u8ddd\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u53c8\u85c9\u7531\u8fd9\u79cd\u5dee\u8ddd\u4fef\u89c6\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u52a8\u8f84\u5a01\u5413\u3001\u903c\u8feb\u6e05\u5ef7\u3002\u5a01\u59a5\u739b\u9020\u8bbf\u603b\u7406\u8859\u95e8\u662f\u5bb6\u5e38\u4fbf\u996d\uff0c\u4f46\u5f80\u5f80\u90fd\u4e0d\u6b22\u800c\u6563\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u800c\u6bcf\u6709\u4e0d\u5feb\uff0c\u5a01\u59a5\u739b\u5c31\u8dd1\u5230\u548c\u603b\u7406\u8859\u95e8\u4ea4\u60c5\u4e0d\u9519\u7684\u4e01\u97ea\u826f\u5bb6\u91cc\u201c\u5410\u69fd\u201d\u3002\u6309\u7167\u4e01\u97ea\u826f\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u5a01\u59a5\u739b\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u6765\u542c\u53d6\u4ed6\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5e0c\u671b\u4e01\u97ea\u826f\u628a\u4ed6\u7684\u4e0d\u6ee1\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u603b\u7406\u8859\u95e8\u2014\u2014\u867d\u7136\u5a01\u59a5\u739b\u672c\u4eba\u4ece\u6765\u6ca1\u6709\u5f20\u53e3\u8fd9\u6837\u8981\u6c42\u8fc7\u3002<\/p>\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/i04piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/a2c0e4940dd53b16\" \/><\/div>\n<p>\u5a01\u59a5\u739b\uff08Thomas Francis Wade, 1818-1895\uff09\uff0c\u5386\u4efb\u82f1\u56fd\u9a7b\u534e\u516c\u4f7f\u9986\u79d8\u4e66\u3001\u7f72\u7406\u516c\u4f7f\u3001\u516c\u4f7f\u30021886\u5e74\u51fa\u4efb\u5251\u6865\u5927\u5b66\u7b2c\u4e00\u4efb\u6c49\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u3002\u4ed6\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u6536\u85cf\u7684883\u79cd4304\u5377\u4e2d\u6587\u56fe\u4e66\u90fd\u6350\u8d60\u7ed9\u4e86\u5251\u6865\u5927\u5b66\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u3002\u5a01\u59a5\u739b\u7684\u4e00\u5927\u5b66\u672f\u8d21\u732e\u662f\u521b\u5236\u4e86\u4e2d\u6587\u7684\u7f57\u9a6c\u5b57\u62fc\u5199\u6cd5\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4ed6\u5728\u5251\u6865\u6c49\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u7684\u7ee7\u627f\u8005\u7fdf\u7406\u65af\uff08Herbert Allen Giles\uff09\u4fee\u8ba2\u540e\uff0c\u4e8e1892\u5e74\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u201c\u5a01\u59a5\u739b\u2014\u2014\u7fdf\u7406\u65af\u62fc\u6cd5\u201d\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u62fc\u5199\u4e2d\u6587\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u201c\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u201d\u62fc\u5199\u4e3a\u201cMao Tse-tung\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u201d\u4e3a\u201cChiang Kai-shek\u201d\u3002\u5f53\u4e0b\u4e2d\u56fd\u5f88\u591a\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4f5c\u54c1\u5728\u6d89\u53ca\u4eba\u540d\u548c\u5730\u540d\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u51fa\u4e00\u4e9b\u975e\u5e38\u8352\u8c2c\u7684\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u628a\u201cChiang Kai-shek\u201d\u8bd1\u4e3a\u201c\u5e38\u51ef\u7533\u201d\uff0c\u628a\u201cTung-sean\u201d\uff08\u8463\u6042\uff09\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u201c\u7ae5\u663e\u201d\u7b49\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u6c49\u8bed\u62fc\u97f3\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8bd1\u8005\u4e0d\u4e86\u89e3\u5a01\u59a5\u739b\u62fc\u97f3\u6cd5\u6240\u81f4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5f53\u603b\u7406\u8859\u95e8\u5f00\u59cb\u5728\u6b27\u7f8e\u516c\u4f7f\u9986\u4e2d\u7269\u8272\u5916\u4ea4\u4f7f\u56e2\u7684\u9886\u961f\u65f6\uff0c\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u5f88\u81ea\u7136\u5730\u6210\u4e86\u4e0a\u9009\u3002\u6cd5\u3001\u4fc4\u4e24\u56fd\u672c\u6765\u5c31\u4e0d\u5728\u8003\u8651\u8303\u56f4\u4e4b\u5185\u2014\u2014\u6cd5\u56fd\u6b96\u6c11\u8d8a\u5357\u7684\u610f\u56fe\u662d\u7136\u82e5\u63ed\uff0c\u4fc4\u56fd\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u897f\u90e8\u53ca\u5317\u90e8\u8fb9\u5883\u6301\u7eed\u65bd\u538b\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u5219\u56e0\u4e3a\u201c\u963f\u65af\u672c\u8230\u961f\u201d\u4e4b\u4e8b\uff0c\u4e0e\u6e05\u5ef7\u95f9\u5f97\u5341\u5206\u4e0d\u6109\u5feb\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u672c\u610f\u662f\u5411\u82f1\u56fd\u8d2d\u4e70\u6218\u8230\u3001\u62db\u52df\u6d0b\u5458\u505a\u6559\u5b98\uff0c\u6210\u7acb\u5c0f\u578b\u6d77\u519b\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u7adf\u6f14\u7ece\u6210\u201c\u4e2d\u65b9\u51fa\u94b1\uff0c\u82f1\u65b9\u63a7\u8239\u201d\u7684\u5c40\u9762\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u89e3\u6563\u4e86\u8230\u961f\uff0c\u4eba\u8d22\u4e24\u7a7a\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u603b\u7406\u8859\u95e8\u4e0d\u4f1a\u627e\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\u505a\u4ee3\u8868\uff0c\u51b5\u4e14\u540e\u6765\u7ec4\u5efa\u7684\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u5916\u4ea4\u4f7f\u56e2\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u7684\u4e4b\u4e00\u6070\u662f\u548c\u82f1\u56fd\u6d3d\u8c08\u4e2d\u82f1\u53cc\u8fb9\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u658c\u693f\u53bb\u6b27\u6d32<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1865\u5e743\u67086\u65e5\uff0c\u5728\u606d\u4eb2\u738b\u63a5\u89c1\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u7684\u4e09\u5929\u540e\uff0c\u603b\u7406\u8859\u95e8\u5927\u81e3\u8463\u6042\u3001\u6052\u797a\u548c\u5d07\u7eb6\u524d\u5f80\u7f8e\u56fd\u516c\u4f7f\u9986\u9020\u8bbf\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u8c08\u5230\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u5916\u4ea4\u7ea0\u7eb7\u65f6\uff0c\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u5411\u8463\u6042\u63d0\u4e86\u4e24\u6761\u5efa\u8bae\uff1a\u5176\u4e00\uff0c\u5728\u786e\u4fdd\u4e2d\u65b9\u6709\u7406\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5c06\u4ea4\u6d89\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5f62\u6210\u5916\u4ea4\u6587\u4e66\uff0c\u901a\u62a5\u5404\u56fd\u9a7b\u4eac\u516c\u4f7f\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u8206\u8bba\u538b\u529b\uff0c\u4ee5\u514d\u5bf9\u65b9\u91c7\u53d6\u6b66\u529b\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u4e0d\u516c\u6b63\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\uff1b\u5176\u4e8c\uff0c\u5411\u897f\u65b9\u6d3e\u9063\u4e00\u4e2a\u5916\u4ea4\u4f7f\u56e2\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u7684\u4e24\u6761\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u603b\u7406\u8859\u95e8\u540e\u6765\u90fd\u91c7\u7eb3\u4e86\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5bf9\u5916\u6d3e\u9063\u4f7f\u56e2\u8fd9\u4e00\u6761\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u62c5\u4efb\u4e2d\u56fd\u6d77\u5173\u603b\u7a0e\u52a1\u53f8\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\u8d6b\u5fb7\u4e5f\u60f3\u4fc3\u6210\u6b64\u4e8b\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u8d81\u7740\u8d6b\u5fb7\u56de\u82f1\u56fd\u63a2\u4eb2\u5b8c\u5a5a\u4e4b\u9645\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\u671d\u5ef7\u4e8e1866\u5e742\u6708\u6d3e\u9063\u5728\u6d77\u5173\u5145\u4efb\u6c49\u6587\u5e2e\u529e\u7684\u6ee1\u6d32\u4eba\u658c\u693f\uff081804-1871\uff09\uff0c\u8fde\u540c\u4ed6\u7684\u513f\u5b50\u5e7f\u82f1\u4ee5\u53ca\u540c\u6587\u9986\u5b66\u4e60\u82f1\u8bed\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u5fb7\u660e\u3001\u51e4\u4eea\u7b49\u4eba\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u8ddf\u7740\u8d6b\u5fb7\u524d\u5f80\u6b27\u6d32\u6e38\u5386\uff0c\u89c2\u5bdf\u98ce\u571f\u6c11\u60c5\u3002<\/p>\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/i01piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/3552995aaab2808d\" 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