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Rush\uff09\uff0c\u5bf9\u5e74\u8f7b\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u6fc0\u589e\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u534e\u5357\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5e7f\u5dde\u4e00\u5e26\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u5927\u91cf\u524d\u5f80\u8be5\u5730\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1849\u5e74\u521d\uff0c54\u540d\u534e\u5de5\u62b5\u8fbe\u52a0\u5ddeSan Francisco\uff0c\u52301850\u5e74\u5e95\u76f4\u7ebf\u4e0a\u6da8\u81f34000\u4eba\uff0c\u52301851\u5e74\u5df2\u670925000\u4eba\u3002\u6700\u521d\uff0c\u79fb\u6c11\u4eec\u628aSan Francisco\u53eb\u505a\u201c\u91d1\u5c71\u201d\uff0c\u5728\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u58a8\u5c14\u672c1855\u5e74\u53d1\u73b0\u91d1\u77ff\u6210\u4e3a\u65b0\u91d1\u5c71\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53c8\u6539\u79f0San Francisco\u4e3a\u201c\u65e7\u91d1\u5c71\u201d\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u540e\u6765\u7684\u5b98\u65b9\u8bd1\u540d\u4e3a\u201c\u5723\u4f5b\u6717\u897f\u65af\u79d1\u201d\uff0c\u901a\u884c\u540d\u79f0\u5219\u662f\u201c\u4e09\u85e9\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1860\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4f5c\u5bb6\u9a6c\u514b\u2022\u5410\u6e29\uff08Mark Twain,1835-1910\uff09\u4f30\u8ba1\uff0c\u5728\u7f8e\u897f\u5730\u533a\u67097\u4e07\u523010\u4e07\u4e2d\u56fd\u52b3\u5de5\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5c3d\u662f\u4e3a\u8d2b\u7a77\u6240\u9a71\u4f7f\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u662f\u8ffd\u5bfb\u8d44\u6e90\u548c\u8d22\u5bcc\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u5192\u9669\u8005\uff0c\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5219\u662f\u5728\u770b\u5230\u6614\u65e5\u540c\u4e61\u8863\u9526\u8fd8\u4e61\u540e\uff0c\u8e0f\u4e0a\u524d\u5f80\u5317\u7f8e\u7684\u8f6e\u8239\u7684\u201c\u6253\u5de5\u4ed4\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<div><img src=\"http:\/\/image.thepaper.cn\/www\/image\/18\/111\/611.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"100%\" \/><img src=\"https:\/\/i04piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/b96c070bee772797\" \/><\/div>\n<p>\u4e2d\u56fd\u6dd8\u91d1\u52b3\u5de5\uff0c1857\u5e74\u6f2b\u753b<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u62b5\u8fbe\u91d1\u5c71\u524d\uff0c\u534e\u5de5\u4eec\u8981\u5728\u6d77\u4e0a\u6f02\u6cca\u4e09\u4e2a\u6708\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u4eba\u751f\u4e2d\u6700\u6697\u65e0\u5929\u65e5\u7684\u5341\u4e8c\u4e2a\u661f\u671f\u3002\u7edd\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u4eba\u4e58\u5750\u7684\u662f\u7c7b\u4f3c\u5974\u96b6\u8d38\u6613\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u8d27\u8239\uff0c\u8737\u7f29\u5728\u7532\u677f\u4e0b\u5c42\u72ed\u5c0f\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e4b\u5185\uff0c\u5bb9\u6613\u67d3\u75c5\u6216\u906d\u53d7\u610f\u5916\u4e4b\u707e\u30021850\u5e74\u4e00\u8258\u53eb\u505a\u201c\u8499\u5854\u53e4\u592b\u4eba\u201d\u53f7\uff08Lady Montague\uff09\u7684\u8239\u8fd0\u8f7d\u4e86450\u540d\u534e\u4eba\uff0c\u62b5\u8fbe\u7f8e\u6d32\u65f6\u5019\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709300\u4eba\u67d3\u75c5\u6b7b\u4ea1\u30021871\u5e74\u201c\u6735\u7f57\u745e\u65af\u2022\u5c24\u560e\u7279\u201d\u53f7\uff08Dolores Ugarte\uff09\u7a81\u53d1\u706b\u707e\uff0c\u8239\u5458\u628a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u9501\u5728\u7532\u677f\u4e0b\u7684\u8239\u8231\u4e4b\u540e\u5f03\u8239\u800c\u53bb\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4500\u534e\u4eba\u9047\u96be\u7684\u60e8\u5267\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u5317\u7f8e\u5546\u4eba\u7684\u773c\u4e2d\uff0c\u534e\u4eba\u548c\u8336\u53f6\u3001\u74f7\u5668\u7b49\u8d27\u54c1\u6ca1\u6709\u591a\u5927\u533a\u522b\uff0c\u6781\u5c11\u7ed9\u4e88\u4eba\u9053\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u8003\u91cf\u3002\u534e\u4eba\u6700\u7ec8\u8e0f\u4e0a\u4e86\u7f8e\u897f\u5927\u9646\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7acb\u523b\u6ca6\u4e3a\u4e86\u6dd8\u91d1\u7684\u201c\u82e6\u529b\u201d\uff08coolie\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u841d\u535c\u4e0e\u5927\u68d2\uff1a\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bf9\u534e\u4eba\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u53cd\u5e94<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u63a5\u8e35\u800c\u81f3\u7684\u534e\u4eba\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u754c\u6700\u521d\u662f\u9f13\u52b1\u7684\uff0c\u6269\u5f20\u4e2d\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u9700\u8981\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u5ec9\u4ef7\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u30021849\u5e74\uff0c\u65e7\u91d1\u5c71\u5e02\u957f\u7ea6\u7ff0\u2022\u5409\u745e\uff08John Geary\uff09\u7279\u522b\u4e3a\u534e\u5de5\u4e3e\u529e\u4e86\u6b22\u8fce\u4eea\u5f0f\u30021850\u5e749\u6708\uff0c\u52a0\u5dde\u6b63\u5f0f\u52a0\u5165\u7f8e\u56fd\u8054\u90a6\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u7b2c31\u4e2a\u5dde\u3002\u53c8\u8fc7\u4e86\u4e24\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4efb\u5dde\u957f\u7ea6\u7ff0\u2022\u9ea6\u5fb7\u8c37\uff08John McDougal\uff09\u9f13\u52b1\u534e\u4eba\u53bb\u6574\u7406\u5f00\u57a6\u6c99\u52a0\u7f05\u5ea6\u6cb3\u4e09\u89d2\u6d32\uff08Sacramento River delta\uff09\uff0c\u5f88\u5feb\uff0c\u8fd9\u7247\u9762\u79ef500\u4e07\u82f1\u4ea9\uff082\u4e07\u5e73\u65b9\u516c\u91cc\uff09\u7684\u767e\u65e0\u4e00\u7528\u7684\u6cbc\u6cfd\u5730\u5c31\u6210\u4e86\u80a5\u6c83\u4e30\u8174\u7684\u519c\u7530\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1865\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e2d\u592e\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u94c1\u8def\u516c\u53f8\u5728\u52a0\u5dde\u62db\u52df\u4fee\u5efa\u8de8\u6d32\u94c1\u8def\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\uff0c\u767d\u4eba\u5e94\u8058\u8005\u5be5\u5be5\u65e0\u51e0\u3002\u516c\u53f8\u8001\u677f\u67e5\u7406\u65af\u2022\u5e93\u52b3\u514b\uff08Charles Crocker\uff09\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u62db\u4e8650\u540d\u534e\u5de5\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e9b\u77ee\u5c0f\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u80fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u62c5\u8d77\u4fee\u94c1\u8def\u7684\u91cd\u4f53\u529b\u6d3b\uff0c\u4ed6\u5fc3\u91cc\u4e5f\u6ca1\u5e95\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u6279\u534e\u5de5\u8fc5\u901f\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8010\u529b\u548c\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u622a\u81f31867\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u8be5\u516c\u53f812000\u540d\u5efa\u7b51\u5de5\u4eba\u961f\u4f0d\u4e2d\uff0c\u534e\u4eba\u5360\u4e8675%\u4e4b\u5f3a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u52a0\u5dde\uff0c\u52301860\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\uff0c\u534e\u4eba\u5df2\u7ecf\u5360\u7231\u5fb7\u8377\u5dde\u548c\u8499\u5927\u62ff\u5dde\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u7684\u4e09\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u4ece\u4e8b\u77ff\u4e1a\uff0c\u6b64\u5916\u8fd8\u7ecf\u8425\u6d17\u8863\u5e97\u3001\u996d\u9986\u548c\u5c0f\u6742\u8d27\u94fa\u3002\u534e\u4eba\u540c\u65f6\u5e26\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u52e4\u4fed\u8010\u52b3\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb6\u5ead\u4f26\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u7f8e\u897f\u4e9f\u5f85\u5f00\u53d1\u548c\u6539\u9020\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u7cbe\u82f1\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u79fb\u6c11\u867d\u4e5f\u6709\u504f\u89c1\uff0c\u4f46\u603b\u4f53\u4e0a\u8fd8\u662f\u8ba4\u53ef\u5176\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u30021868\u5e746\u670823\u65e5\uff0c\u5728\u7ebd\u7ea6\u5e02\u4e3a\u6b22\u8fce\u4e2d\u56fd\u94a6\u5dee\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u4e3e\u884c\u7684\u665a\u5bb4\u4e0a\uff0c\u7ebd\u7ea6\u5dde\u4f17\u8bae\u5458\u7231\u5fb7\u534e\u2022\u76ae\u5e9e\u5fb7\uff08Edwards Pierrepont\uff09\u66fe\u5c31\u6b64\u4e8b\u53d1\u8868\u770b\u6cd5\u3002\u4ed6\u63d0\u5230\u7f8e\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u66fe\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4ec7\u89c6\u5916\u56fd\u52b3\u5de5\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u52b3\u5de5(\u7b14\u8005\u6ce8\uff1a1845-1850\u5e74\u201c\u9a6c\u94c3\u85af\u5927\u9965\u8352\u201d\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0a\u767e\u4e07\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u4eba\u79fb\u6c11\u5230\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u5f15\u53d1\u5f53\u5730\u52b3\u5de5\u548c\u4e00\u4e9b\u653f\u5ba2\u7684\u6297\u8bae\u548c\u4e0d\u6ee1)\uff0c\u800c\u540c\u6837\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u4e5f\u201c\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u52a0\u5229\u798f\u5c3c\u4e9a\u7684\u534e\u5de5\u8eab\u4e0a\uff0c\u5f53\u5730\u4e5f\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u9650\u5236\u4e2d\u56fd\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u6cd5\u4ee4\u201d\u3002\u4f46\u76ae\u5e9e\u5fb7\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5f53\u6b64\u8de8\u6d32\u7684\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u94c1\u8def\u6b63\u5728\u70ed\u706b\u671d\u5929\u5730\u4fee\u5efa\u4e4b\u65f6\uff0c\u201c\u7f8e\u56fd\u6700\u9700\u8981\u7684\u662f\u4eba\u5de5\u52b3\u529b\uff0c\u800c\u4e2d\u56fd\u6700\u9700\u8981\u7684\u6070\u662f\u8f93\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e9b\u52b3\u529b\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u591a\u4e48\u4e92\u60e0\u4e92\u5229\u554a\uff01\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u6b63\u662f\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u8fdb\u6b65\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u6c1b\u56f4\u4e0b\uff0c\u534e\u76db\u987f\u4e0e\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u7f14\u7ed3\u4e86\u300a\u5929\u6d25\u6761\u7ea6\u9644\u5c5e\u6761\u7ea6\u300b\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7b2c\u4e94\u6761\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e0d\u5f97\u7981\u963b\u4e24\u56fd\u81ea\u7531\u79fb\u6c11\uff0c\u4ece\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0a\u4e3a\u534e\u4eba\u8fdb\u5165\u7f8e\u56fd\u6253\u5f00\u4e86\u65b9\u4fbf\u4e4b\u95e8\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/i02piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/94e935ddc0fd7881\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img src=\"http:\/\/image.thepaper.cn\/www\/image\/18\/111\/610.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"100%\" \/>\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u6761\u7ea6\u7b2c\u4e94\u6761\u9f13\u52b1\u4e24\u56fd\u81ea\u7531\u79fb\u6c11<\/p>\n<p>\u53ef\u60dc\u597d\u666f\u4e0d\u957f\u30021869\u5e745\u6708\uff0c\u76ae\u5e9e\u5fb7\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u8de8\u6d32\u94c1\u8def\u4e1c\u897f\u5408\u62e2\uff0c\u4ece\u7f8e\u4e1c\u5230\u7f8e\u897f\u539f\u672c\u9700\u89816\u4e2a\u6708\u7684\u8def\u7a0b\u5927\u5927\u7f29\u51cf\u4e3a6\u5929\u3002\u65f6\u503c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5185\u6218\u7ed3\u675f\u4e0d\u4e45\uff0c\u5927\u6279\u89e3\u7532\u5f52\u7530\u7684\u767d\u4eba\u58eb\u5175\u79bb\u5f00\u9971\u53d7\u6218\u706b\u5c60\u622e\u7684\u7f8e\u4e1c\uff0c\u5750\u4e0a\u706b\u8f66\u5230\u7f8e\u897f\u65b0\u571f\u5730\u4e0a\u5bfb\u627e\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u65b0\u7684\u4e00\u6279\u79fb\u6c11\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u767d\u4eba\u65b0\u79fb\u6c11\u5728\u52a0\u5dde\u5e76\u4e0d\u597d\u8fc7\uff0c\u627e\u5de5\u4f5c\u5f88\u96be\uff0c\u5f88\u5feb\u5c06\u77db\u5934\u6307\u5411\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u79fb\u6c11\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u534e\u5de5\u65e2\u62a2\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e5f\u538b\u4f4e\u4e86\u5de5\u8d44\u30021870\u5e746\u670830\u65e5\uff0c\u300a\u7ebd\u7ea6\u8bba\u575b\u62a5\u300b\uff08New York Tribune\uff09\u520a\u53d1\u4ec7\u89c6\u6027\u8a00\u8bba\uff0c\u79f0\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u548c\u9ed1\u4eba\u4e00\u6837\u611a\u8822\uff0c\u4e0d\u914d\u5728\u6c11\u4e3b\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u800c\u201c\u73b0\u5728\u8981\u7d27\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u8ba8\u8bba\u548c\u505a\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4ed8\u8bf8\u884c\u52a8\u201d\u3002\u81ea\u6b64\uff0c\u9488\u5bf9\u534e\u4eba\u7684\u66b4\u529b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5f00\u59cb\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u60e8\u5267\u63a5\u8fde\u4e0d\u65ad\uff0c\u6392\u534e\u9010\u6e10\u6210\u4e3a\u4e3b\u6d41\u8d8b\u52bf\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1871\u5e7410\u670824\u65e5\uff0c500\u4f59\u540d\u767d\u4eba\u7537\u5b50\u51b2\u8fdb\u6d1b\u6749\u77f6\u5510\u4eba\u8857\u62a2\u52ab\u6740\u4eba\uff0c18\u540d\u534e\u4eba\u9047\u5bb3\u3002\u9a6c\u514b\u2022\u5410\u6e29\u57281872\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u300a\u82e6\u884c\u8bb0\u300b\uff08Roughing It\uff09\u91cc\u4e5f\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u65e7\u91d1\u5c71\u9644\u8fd1\u534e\u4eba\u793e\u7fa4\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u5c31\u5728\u6211\u5199\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u5b57\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u53c8\u770b\u5230\u65b0\u95fb\u8bf4\u5728\u5149\u5929\u5316\u65e5\u7684\u65e7\u91d1\u5c71\u7684\u5927\u8857\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u7537\u5b69\u5b50\u7528\u77f3\u5934\u628a\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e0\u8f9c\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6253\u6b7b\u4e86\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u76ee\u7779\u4e86\u5982\u6b64\u65e0\u803b\u7684\u884c\u5f84\uff0c\u5374\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7ad9\u51fa\u6765\u5e72\u9884\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53ef\u89c1\u534e\u4eba\u793e\u7fa4\u6240\u53d7\u4e4b\u6b67\u89c6\u4e0e\u4e0d\u516c\uff0c\u65e9\u5728\u300a\u6392\u534e\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\u51fa\u53f0\u524d\u5341\u591a\u5e74\u5df2\u7136\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u534e\u4eba\u52b3\u5de5\u5e76\u4e0d\u66fe\u4ece\u4fee\u5efa\u7f8e\u56fd\u8de8\u6d32\u94c1\u8def\u7684\u82e6\u52b3\u4e2d\u6536\u83b7\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5c38\u9aa8\u88c5\u8239\u8fd0\u56de\u7956\u7c4d\u7684\u5374\u6bd4\u6bd4\u7686\u662f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f6c\u7ea6\u7ff0\u201d\uff08John Chinaman\uff09\u8511\u79f0\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u62a5\u7eb8\u548c\u753b\u518c\u4e0a\uff0c\u5176\u5f62\u8c61\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u7559\u7740\u957f\u8fab\u5b50\u6234\u7740\u82e6\u529b\u5e3d\u7684\u534e\u4eba\u5f62\u8c61\u3002\u540e\u6765\u53c8\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u5b98\u8001\u7237\u6a21\u6837\u7684\u201c\u5b54\u592b\u5b50\u7ea6\u7ff0\u201d\uff08John Confucius\uff09\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u662f\u9ad8\u667a\u5546\u53cd\u6d3e\u201c\u5085\u6ee1\u6d32\u535a\u58eb\u201d\uff08Dr. Fu Manchu\uff09\uff0c\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa\u524d\u534a\u671f\u7684\u6b27\u7f8e\u6587\u5b66\u3001\u5f71\u89c6\u548c\u52a8\u6f2b\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e2d\u5e38\u89c1\uff0c\u4e3a\u4eba\u90aa\u6076\u3001\u5978\u8bc8\uff0c\u6697\u4e2d\u64cd\u7eb5\u72af\u7f6a\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u610f\u56fe\u98a0\u8986\u897f\u65b9\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u6b27\u7f8e\u7684\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u53d9\u4e8b\u201d\u4ecd\u4e0d\u4e4f\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f6c\u201d\u7684\u5f71\u5b50\uff0c\u9690\u79d8\u5730\u6295\u5c04\u51fa19\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u6392\u534e\u8fc7\u5f80\u3002<\/p>\n<div><img src=\"http:\/\/image.thepaper.cn\/www\/image\/18\/111\/609.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"100%\" \/><img src=\"https:\/\/i01piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/e9bc06b6e29dc548\" \/><\/div>\n<p>19\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e00\u5bb6\u7f8e\u56fd\u62a5\u7eb8\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u79d1\u6280\uff0c\u5927\u5b57\u9898\u5934\u5373\u4e3a\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f6c\u7ea6\u7ff0\u201d\uff0c\u6587\u4e2d\u60ca\u547c\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f6c\u600e\u4e48\u4f1a\u5982\u6b64\u806a\u660e\u5462\uff0c\u8fd9\u7b80\u76f4\u4e0d\u53ef\u601d\u8bae\u201d<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u963b\u6b62\u4e2d\u56fd\u5987\u5973\u79fb\u6c11\u7f8e\u56fd\uff1a1875\u5e74\u300a\u4f69\u5fd7\u6cd5\u6848\u300b<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4e0e\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f6c\u201d\u76f8\u5bf9\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u5973\u6027\u5f62\u8c61\u7684\u523b\u677f\u5316\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u8868\u73b0\u3002\u53bb\u5e74\uff0c\u6b27\u6d32\u65f6\u5c1a\u54c1\u724cD&amp;G\u51fa\u4e86\u4e2a\u5546\u4e1a\u77ed\u7247\uff0c\u7247\u4e2d\u5e74\u8f7b\u7684\u534e\u4eba\u5973\u6027\u6d53\u5986\u8273\u4e3d\u3001\u772f\u772f\u773c\uff0c\u5728\u753b\u5916\u9887\u6709\u6027\u610f\u5473\u7684\u63d0\u95ee\u4e0b\uff0c\u66a7\u6627\u4e0d\u660e\u5730\u5fae\u7b11\u3002\u77ed\u7247\u5728\u7f51\u4e0a\u6380\u8d77\u8f69\u7136\u5927\u6ce2\uff0c\u4ee5D&amp;G\u9053\u6b49\u544a\u4e00\u6bb5\u843d\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\uff0cD&amp;G\u77ed\u7247\u5f0f\u7684\u5e7f\u544a\u6216\u5f71\u89c6\u4f5c\u54c1\u8fd8\u6709\u5f88\u591a\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\/\u4e1c\u65b9\u5973\u6027\u7684\u8863\u7740\u6253\u626e\u3001\u8a00\u8c08\u4e3e\u6b62\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u8ba9\u4eba\u6709\u9752\u697c\u5973\u5b50\u7684\u8054\u60f3\uff0c\u800c\u51fa\u54c1\u4eba\u81ea\u5df1\u5f80\u5f80\u89c9\u5bdf\u4e0d\u5230\u9690\u85cf\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4e4b\u4e2d\u7684\u6392\u5916\u548c\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<div><img src=\"http:\/\/image.thepaper.cn\/www\/image\/18\/111\/608.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"100%\" \/><img src=\"https:\/\/i02piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/f43984efe7d85d66\" \/><\/div>\n<p>D&amp;G\u77ed\u7247\u4e2d\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u5973\u6027\u5f62\u8c61<\/p>\n<p>\u572819\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u671f\u4ee5\u6765\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u6392\u534e\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\uff0c\u5973\u6027\u662f\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u53d7\u5bb3\u7fa4\u4f53\u30021875\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u300a\u4f69\u5fd7\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\uff08Page Act\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u9650\u5236\u6027\u7684\u8054\u90a6\u79fb\u6c11\u6cd5\u6848\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u9488\u5bf9\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u5973\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6cd5\u6848\u7684\u53d1\u8d77\u8005\u3001\u52a0\u5dde\u4f17\u8bae\u5458\u90dd\u745e\u65af\u2022\u4f69\u5fd7\uff08Horace Francis Page\uff09\u7b49\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5973\u6027\u5230\u7f8e\u56fd\u540e\u4ee5\u5356\u6deb\u4e3a\u751f\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u9053\u5fb7\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u5371\u5bb3\uff0c\u6545\u5e94\u4e88\u660e\u6587\u7981\u6b62\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u533b\u5b66\u534f\u4f1a\uff08American Medical Association\uff09\u4ece\u65c1\u63d0\u4f9b\u201c\u79d1\u5b66\u201d\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u6307\u65a5\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u643a\u5e26\u5176\u81ea\u8eab\u514d\u75ab\u4f46\u767d\u4eba\u611f\u67d3\u540e\u5fc5\u6b7b\u65e0\u7591\u7684\u75c5\u6bd2\uff0c\u800c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5356\u6deb\u5973\u6070\u662f\u4f20\u64ad\u75c5\u6bd2\u7684\u5a92\u4ecb\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u901a\u5e38\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u5f00\u57a6\u533a\uff0c\u4eba\u529b\u8d44\u672c\u603b\u662f\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u6700\u521d\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e5f\u603b\u662f\u4ee5\u7537\u6027\u4e3a\u4e3b\u3002\u572819\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u53f6\u7684\u52a0\u5dde\uff0c\u534e\u4eba\u79fb\u6c11\u5c31\u4ee5\u7537\u6027\u4e3a\u4e3b\uff0c\u5973\u6027\u4eba\u6570\u53ea\u6709\u7537\u6027\u7684\u5341\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8bb8\u591a\u521d\u62b5\u7f8e\u897f\u7684\u534e\u4eba\u5973\u6027\u4f1a\u6ca6\u4e3a\u5993\u5973\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u548c\u6700\u65e9\u4e00\u6279\u4ece\u7f8e\u4e1c\u62b5\u8fbe\u7f8e\u897f\u7684\u767d\u4eba\u5973\u6027\u662f\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u6027\u522b\u4e0d\u5e73\u8861\u9020\u6210\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4f69\u5fd7\u4eec\u7ec8\u7a76\u662f\u6234\u7740\u79cd\u65cf\u6709\u8272\u773c\u955c\u770b\u5f85\u534e\u4eba\u5973\u6027\u7684\u3002\u300a\u4f69\u5fd7\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\u6b63\u5f0f\u540d\u79f0\u662f\u300a\u79fb\u6c11\u653f\u7b56\u8865\u5145\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\uff08An Act supplementary to the acts in relation to immigration\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u5176\u9650\u5236\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u53c8\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u300a\u6392\u65a5\u4e1c\u65b9\u4eba\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\uff08Oriental Exclusion Act\uff09\u3002\u81f3\u6b64\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u7531\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u5f00\u653e\u8fb9\u5883\u201d\uff08open borders\uff09\u65f6\u4ee3\u5ba3\u544a\u7ec8\u7ed3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u300a\u4f69\u5fd7\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u4e0b\uff0c\u52a0\u5dde\u4e00\u5e26\u7684\u534e\u4eba\u5973\u6027\u6bd4\u4f8b\u4ece1870\u5e74\u7684\u5360\u534e\u4eba\u4eba\u53e3\u76846.4%\u9aa4\u964d\u52301880\u5e74\u76844.6%\u3002\u8fd9\u5bf9\u534e\u4eba\u52b3\u5de5\u800c\u8a00\u662f\u96ea\u4e0a\u52a0\u971c\uff0c\u5728\u5f53\u5730\u5a36\u4e2a\u534e\u4eba\u59bb\u5b50\u53d8\u5f97\u5f02\u5e38\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u8f6c\u800c\u4e0e\u540c\u5904\u793e\u4f1a\u5e95\u5c42\u7684\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u5973\u6027\u79fb\u6c11\u7ec4\u6210\u5bb6\u5ead\uff0c\u6545\u800c\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4ee3\u534e\u88d4\u4e2d\u95f4\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u6b27\u4e9a\u6df7\u8840\u513f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4eca\u5929\u8bb8\u591a\u6709\u4e2d\u56fd\u8840\u7edf\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u770b\u4e0a\u53bb\u4e00\u70b9\u513f\u4e5f\u4e0d\u201c\u4e1c\u65b9\u201d\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u539f\u56e0\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7136\u800c\u5bf9\u534e\u4eba\u52b3\u5de5\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u66f4\u5927\u82e6\u96be\u8fd8\u5728\u540e\u5934\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6392\u534e\u9ad8\u6f6e\uff1a1882\u5e74\u300a\u6392\u534e\u6cd5\u6848\u300b<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1876\u5e74\uff0c\u4ea6\u5373\u300a\u4f69\u5fd7\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\u901a\u8fc7\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5e74\uff0c\u56fd\u4f1a\u5168\u9762\u8c03\u67e5\u4e2d\u56fd\u79fb\u6c11\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u4e0e\u9053\u5fb7\u4e0a\u7684\u6311\u6218\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1877\u5e74\uff0c\u52a0\u5dde\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u53cd\u534e\u7684\u52b3\u5de5\u515a\uff08Workingmen\u2019s Party\uff09,\u5176\u515a\u9b41\u65e2\u5728\u96c6\u4f1a\u4e2d\u9ad8\u547c\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u5fc5\u987b\u79bb\u5f00\u201d\uff0c\u53c8\u5efa\u8bae\u5728\u5357\u8fb9\u7b51\u5899\u4ee5\u514d\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u4ece\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u6e9c\u8fdb\u6765\u3002\u53c8\u8fc7\u4e86\u4e24\u5e74\uff0c\u8be5\u515a\u63a8\u52a8\u52a0\u5dde\u901a\u8fc7\u4e24\u6761\u5baa\u6cd5\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\uff1a\u4e00\u6761\u9650\u5236\u7f8e\u56fd\u516c\u53f8\u96c7\u4f63\u534e\u4eba\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u6761\u5265\u593a\u534e\u4eba\u7684\u9009\u4e3e\u6743\u3002\u540c\u5e74\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u8c03\u67e5\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u52a0\u5dde99%\u7684\u9009\u6c11\u6392\u65a5\u4e2d\u56fd\u79fb\u6c11\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1880\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u6d3e\u4ee3\u8868\u56e2\u524d\u5f80\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u5e9f\u6b62\u4e86\u201c\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u6761\u7ea6\u201d\u4e2d\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u5b9a\u70b9\u6e05\u9664\u4e86\u6cd5\u7406\u969c\u788d\u30021881\u5e74\uff0c\u52a0\u5dde\u51fa\u53f0\u6cd5\u4ee4\uff0c\u7981\u6b62\u201c\u8499\u53e4\u4eba\u201d\uff08\u5373\u534e\u4eba\uff09\u4e0e\u767d\u4eba\u901a\u5a5a\uff0c\u7f8e\u897f\u5176\u4f59\u516d\u4e2a\u5dde\u968f\u5373\u7fa4\u8d77\u6548\u4eff\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u590d\u7ecf\u79cd\u79cd\u51c6\u5907\u548c\u5ba3\u4f20\u9f13\u52a8\uff0c1882\u5e745\u67086\u65e5\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7b2c21\u4efb\u603b\u7edf\u5207\u65af\u7279\u2022\u963f\u745f\uff08Chester Arthur\uff09\u6b63\u5f0f\u7b7e\u7f72\u4e86\u300a\u5b9e\u65bd\u6709\u5173\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u6761\u7ea6\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\uff08An act to execute certain treaty stipulations relating to Chinese\uff09\uff0c\u4fd7\u79f0\u300a\u6392\u534e\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\uff08The Chinese Exclusion Act\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u7981\u6b62\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u79fb\u6c11\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u5e76\u8d23\u4ee4\u5404\u7ea7\u6cd5\u9662\u4e0d\u5f97\u5141\u51c6\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u5f52\u5316\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u516d\u7c7b\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u53ef\u7ee7\u7eed\u8fdb\u5165\u7f8e\u56fd\uff1a1\uff09\u6559\u5e08\uff1b2\uff09\u5b66\u751f\uff1b3\uff09\u65c5\u6e38\u8005\uff1b4\uff09\u6301\u5408\u6cd5\u6587\u4ef6\u8fd4\u56de\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u52b3\u5de5\uff1b5\uff09\u5546\u4eba\u53ca\u5176\u5bb6\u4eba\uff1b6\uff09\u5916\u4ea4\u5b98\u53ca\u5176\u5bb6\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/i04piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/cd50afdff8371a6e\" \/><\/div>\n<p>1882\u5e74\u300a\u6392\u534e\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4e2d\u5b66\u751f\u90fd\u88ab\u8981\u6c42\u4e60\u77e5\u8fd9\u4e00\u5386\u53f2\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u5bf9\u5176\u5177\u4f53\u5185\u5bb9\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e86\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u9488\u5bf9\u7279\u5b9a\u79cd\u65cf\u548c\u6c11\u65cf\u5236\u5b9a\u548c\u5b9e\u65bd\u7684\u8054\u90a6\u53cd\u79fb\u6c11\u6cd5\uff0c\u300a\u6392\u534e\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u81f3\u4e3a\u9ed1\u6697\u7684\u4e00\u9875\u3002\u6b64\u540e\uff0c\u9488\u5bf9\u534e\u4eba\u7684\u660e\u76ee\u5f20\u80c6\u7684\u66b4\u529b\u72af\u7f6a\u76f4\u7ebf\u4e0a\u5347\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1885\u5e749\u67082\u65e5\uff0c\u6000\u4fc4\u660e\u5dde\u7ea6150\u540d\u767d\u4eba\u7164\u77ff\u77ff\u5de5\u5411\u534e\u5de5\u5f00\u67aa\uff0c\u6740\u5bb328\u4eba\u3001\u4f2415\u4eba\u540e\uff0c\u53c8\u5c06\u6570\u767e\u534e\u4eba\u9010\u51fa\u805a\u5c45\u533a\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u623f\u5c4b\u4ed8\u8bf8\u4e00\u70ac\uff0c\u53f2\u79f0\u201c\u77f3\u6cc9\u5927\u5c60\u6740\u201d\uff08Rock Springs Massacre\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1887\u5e74\uff0c\u4e00\u4f197\u540d\u767d\u4eba\u76d7\u9a6c\u8d3c\u5728\u5730\u72f1\u5ce1\u8c37\uff08Hells Canyon\uff09\u7684\u86c7\u6cb3\uff08Snake River\uff09\u9760\u8fd1\u4fc4\u52d2\u5188\u5dde\u7684\u4e00\u4fa7\uff0c\u4f0f\u51fb\u548c\u67aa\u6740\u4e8634\u540d\u534e\u4eba\u6dd8\u91d1\u5de5\u4eba\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u6b8b\u5c38\u629b\u5165\u6cb3\u4e2d\uff0c\u5236\u9020\u4e86\u9a87\u4eba\u542c\u95fb\u7684\u201c\u86c7\u6cb3\u5927\u5c60\u6740\u201d\uff08 Snake River Massacre\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u503c\u5f97\u4e00\u63d0\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u5728\u8fd9\u4e24\u8d77\u53cd\u534e\u6740\u622e\u4e2d\u88ab\u5b9a\u7f6a\u3002\u6839\u636e\u300a\u7ebd\u7ea6\u65f6\u62a5\u300b\u7684\u62a5\u9053\uff0c\u201c\u77f3\u6cc9\u5927\u5c60\u6740\u201d\u7684\u5acc\u72af\u4eec\u83b7\u91ca\u90a3\u5929\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u82f1\u96c4\u822c\u7684\u6b22\u8fce\uff0c\u6570\u4ee5\u767e\u8ba1\u7684\u767d\u4eba\u8001\u5c11\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u62a5\u4ee5\u638c\u58f0\u3002\u201c\u86c7\u6cb3\u5927\u5c60\u6740\u201d\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6709\u5a92\u4f53\u8bc4\u8bba\u8bf4\u8fd9\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u81ea\u627e\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u201c\u5165\u4fb5\u4e86\u201d\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u91d1\u77ff\u3002\u4e0d\u5c11\u4eba\u90fd\u5904\u5728\u53cd\u534e\u7684\u6b47\u65af\u5e95\u91cc\u4e4b\u4e2d\u4e0d\u80fd\u81ea\u62d4\u3002<\/p>\n<div><img src=\"http:\/\/image.thepaper.cn\/www\/image\/18\/111\/604.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"100%\" \/><img src=\"https:\/\/i03piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/ae3baa7ca28b9848\" \/><\/div>\n<p>1850-1900\u5e74\u95f4\u7f8e\u56fd\u66b4\u529b\u6392\u534e\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5730\u56fe\uff0c\u56fe\u4e2d\u7684\u9ed1\u70b9\u8868\u793a\u60e8\u6848\u53d1\u751f\u5730\uff0c\u65e0\u4e00\u4f8b\u5916\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u7f8e\u897f\u5730\u533a\uff08\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1aJohn Pomfret, The Beautiful Country and the Middle Kingdom, New York: Henry Holt and Company, 2016,p. 74\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u540c\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u5728\u6108\u6f14\u6108\u70c8\u7684\u6392\u5916\u6d6a\u6f6e\u4e2d\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u4e5f\u548c\u534e\u4eba\u4e00\u6837\u906d\u6b83\uff0c\u66b4\u529b\u5df2\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u9488\u5bf9\u67d0\u79cd\u80a4\u8272\u6216\u65cf\u7fa4\u30021891\u5e74\uff0c11\u540d\u610f\u5927\u5229\u79fb\u6c11\u5728\u65b0\u5965\u5c14\u826f\u5e02\u88ab\u4e00\u7fa4\u6ee5\u7528\u79c1\u5211\u7684\u767d\u4eba\u66b4\u5f92\u6740\u5bb3\u30021897\u5e74\u6570\u5341\u540d\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u548c\u6ce2\u5170\u65f7\u5de5\u5728\u5bbe\u5915\u6cd5\u5c3c\u4e9a\u5dde\u906d\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u767d\u4eba\u6c11\u5175\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u88ad\u51fb\uff0c\u6216\u6b7b\u6216\u4f24\u30021909\u5e74\u5185\u5e03\u62c9\u65af\u52a0\u5dde\u5357\u5965\u9a6c\u54c8\u7684\u5e0c\u814a\u57ce\u88ab3000\u591a\u540d\u767d\u4eba\u653e\u706b\u711a\u70e7\uff0c\u4e00\u540d\u5e0c\u814a\u513f\u7ae5\u4e27\u751f\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u79fb\u6c11\u793e\u533a\u88ab\u8feb\u642c\u8fc1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>19\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\u523020\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\uff0c\u4f34\u968f\u7f8e\u56fd\u5de5\u4e1a\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u9ad8\u6b4c\u731b\u8fdb\uff0c\u5916\u6765\u79fb\u6c11\u4e0d\u65ad\u6d8c\u5165\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u4e1c\u6b27\u548c\u5357\u6b27\u79fb\u6c11\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u79fb\u6c11\u52b3\u5de5\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e0d\u4ec5\u76f4\u63a5\u4ece\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0a\u7ed9\u5f53\u5730\u7684\u4fdd\u5b88\u767d\u4eba\u9020\u6210\u538b\u529b\uff0c\u5728\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e60\u60ef\u4e0a\u4e5f\u6b8a\u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u5f15\u51fa\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u79cd\u65cf\u79d1\u5b66\u201d\u2014\u2014\u5176\u5021\u5bfc\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u65b0\u79fb\u6c11\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5f00\u521b\u4e4b\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u5c3d\u662f\u4e9b\u6765\u81ea\u201c\u4f4e\u52a3\u65cf\u7fa4\u7684\u4f4e\u52a3\u4eba\u7b49\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u6b63\u5728\u6324\u5360\u66f4\u4e3a\u4f18\u8d8a\u7684\u201c\u5f53\u5730\u201d\u767d\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u79d1\u5b66\u201d\u89e3\u91ca\u4e4b\u80cc\u540e\uff0c\u4e5f\u4ece\u6765\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u5173\u5fc3\u6216\u8005\u62f7\u95ee\u7a76\u7adf\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u4e1a\u906d\u5c60\u622e\u6216\u66b4\u529b\u9a71\u9010\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c19\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\u523020\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u8fd9\u4e00\u6ce2\u7684\u53cd\u79fb\u6c11\u6d6a\u6f6e\uff0c\u53ef\u89c6\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u5185\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u548c\u767d\u4eba\u81f3\u4e0a\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u7684\u4e00\u6b21\u4ee5\u8054\u90a6\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e3a\u540e\u76fe\u7684\u66b4\u529b\u53cd\u6251\u3002\u65b0\u79fb\u6c11\u4e0d\u7ba1\u6765\u81ea\u54ea\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u3001\u5c5e\u4e8e\u54ea\u4e2a\u79cd\u65cf\uff0c\u90fd\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u8857\u4e0a\u6216\u5bb6\u91cc\u906d\u9047\u4e0d\u53ef\u6d4b\u7684\u653b\u51fb\u548c\u5384\u8fd0\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5669\u68a6\u7684\u5ef6\u7eed\uff1a1882\u5e74\u300a\u6392\u534e\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\u901a\u8fc7\u4e4b\u540e<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5f53\u6b64\u5c40\u52bf\u4e0b\uff0c\u539f\u672c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6548\u529b\u4e3a\u671f10\u5e74\u7684\u300a\u6392\u534e\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\u4e8e1892\u5e74\u5ef6\u957f10\u5e74\uff0c\u52301902\u548c1904\u5e74\u53d8\u4e3a\u65e0\u9650\u671f\u5ef6\u957f\uff0c\u6fc0\u8d77\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd1905\u5e74\u7684\u62b5\u5236\u7f8e\u8d27\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002\u540c\u5e74\u51fa\u53f0\u7684\u8865\u5145\u6cd5\u6848\u300a\u57fa\u5c14\u91cc\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\uff08Geary Act\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u8981\u6c42\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u79fb\u6c11\u767b\u8bb0\u529e\u7406\u201c\u5c45\u4f4f\u8bc1\u201d\uff0c\u5e76\u968f\u8eab\u643a\u5e26\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u5c06\u88ab\u7f5a\u4ee5\u82e6\u5f79\uff0c\u6216\u9063\u8fd4\u4e2d\u56fd\u3002\u81ea\u6b64\uff0c\u7528\u5b66\u8005\u8d1d\u601d\u2022\u7559-\u5a01\u5ec9\u65af(Beth Lew-Williams)\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u5bf9\u534e\u4eba\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u201c\u8fb9\u63a7\u4ece\u8fb9\u5883\u7ebf\u5ef6\u4f38\u5230\u4e86\u5185\u9646\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8fdb\u5165\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u672c\u571f\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\uff08nativism\uff09\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u4fa7\u91cd\u6392\u5916\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u4e8e1917\u5e74\u30011921\u5e74\u548c1924\u5e74\u901a\u8fc7\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u79fb\u6c11\u6cd5\u6848\u4e43\u662f\u5176\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u63a8\u624b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1917\u5e74\u7684\u300a\u6559\u5316\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\uff08Literacy Act\uff09\u4ee5\u53d7\u6559\u80b2\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e3a\u662f\u5426\u63a5\u7eb3\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u57fa\u51c6\uff0c\u7981\u6b62\u5e74\u9f8416\u5c81\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u6587\u76f2\u79fb\u6c11\u7f8e\u56fd\u3002\u79fb\u6c11\u5728\u8fdb\u5165\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e4b\u524d\u8981\u63a5\u53d7\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u80fd\u5728\u4ee5\u5176\u6bcd\u8bed\u4e66\u5199\u7684\u666e\u901a\u6587\u4e66\u5185\u8bfb\u51fa30-40\u4e2a\u5b57\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u88ab\u63a5\u7eb3\u3002\u8fd9\u9879\u6cd5\u6848\u867d\u7136\u5bf9\u6b27\u6d32\u79fb\u6c11\u4e5f\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u4e9a\u6d32\u52b3\u5de5\u7684\u6587\u76f2\u6bd4\u4f8b\u8f83\u9ad8\uff0c\u6cd5\u6848\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u963b\u6b62\u4e86\u4e9a\u6d32\u52b3\u5de5\u8fdb\u5165\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53c8\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u300a\u4e9a\u6d32\u7981\u6b62\u533a\u57df\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\uff08Asiatic Barred Zone Act\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1921\u5e74\u7684\u300a\u7d27\u6025\u914d\u989d\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\uff08Emergency Quota Act\uff09\u5219\u786e\u7acb\u8d77\u8d74\u7f8e\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u201c\u914d\u989d\u5236\u201d\uff0c\u89c4\u5b9a\u5176\u4ed6\u56fd\u5bb6\u6bcf\u5e74\u8d74\u7f8e\u79fb\u6c11\u4eba\u6570\u4e0d\u80fd\u8d85\u8fc71910\u5e74\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u53e3\u666e\u67e5\u4e2d\u8be5\u56fd\u79fb\u6c11\u4eba\u53e3\u76843%\u3002\u300a1924\u5e74\u79fb\u6c11\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\uff08The Immigration Act of 1924\uff09\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5c06\u6bcf\u5e74\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u201c\u914d\u989d\u201d\u7f29\u51cf\u52301890\u5e74\u4eba\u53e3\u666e\u67e5\u4e2d\u79fb\u6c11\u4eba\u53e3\u76842%\u3002\u6b64\u540e\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u8d74\u7f8e\u79fb\u6c11\u57fa\u672c\u4e2d\u65ad\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1941\u5e7412\u6708\u73cd\u73e0\u6e2f\u4e8b\u4ef6\u540e\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u52a0\u5165\u53cd\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u6218\u4e89\uff0c\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u7ed3\u6210\u540c\u76df\uff0c\u300a\u6392\u534e\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\u5931\u53bb\u7ee7\u7eed\u5b58\u5728\u4e0b\u53bb\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u57281943\u5e74\u88ab\u6c38\u4e45\u5e9f\u6b62\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u8d74\u7f8e\u79fb\u6c11\u914d\u989d\u6539\u4e3a\u6bcf\u5e74105\u4eba\u30021965\u5e74\u7f8e\u56fd\u901a\u8fc7\u300a\u79fb\u6c11\u548c\u56fd\u7c4d\u6cd5\u6848\u300b \uff08Immigration and Nationality Act\uff09\uff0c\u5e9f\u9664\u4e861921\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\u57fa\u4e8e\u79cd\u65cf\u548c\u51fa\u8eab\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u201c\u914d\u989d\u5236\u201d\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u79fb\u6c11\u5f00\u59cb\u91cd\u65b0\u5927\u91cf\u8fdb\u5165\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u800c\u5927\u9646\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u5219\u8981\u52301979\u5e74\u4e2d\u7f8e\u5efa\u4ea4\u4e4b\u540e\u3002\u8fd1\u5341\u5e74\uff0c\u5927\u91cf\u4e2d\u56fd\u7559\u5b66\u751f\u5230\u7f8e\u56fd\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u6539\u53d8\u7f8e\u56fd\u534e\u4eba\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u56e0\u7d20\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5404\u5730\u90fd\u6709\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u57ce\u201d\uff08China Town\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>2012\u5e746\u6708\uff0c\u5728\u300a\u6392\u534e\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\u901a\u8fc7\u6574\u6574130\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u51b3\u8bae\uff0c\u6b63\u5f0f\u5c31\u6b64\u6cd5\u6848\u5411\u534e\u4eba\u81f4\u6b49\u3002\u5bf9\u5728\u7f8e\u534e\u4eba\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdf\u5230\u7684\u516c\u9053\uff0c\u6709\u5173\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5fc6\u8fd8\u5c06\u88ab\u53cd\u590d\u63d0\u53ca\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u81ea\u52a0\u5dde\u7684\u56fd\u4f1a\u8bae\u5458\u8d75\u7f8e\u5fc3\uff08Judy May Chu\uff09\u7684\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\uff08\u53ea\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\uff09\u6b67\u89c6\u548c\u504f\u89c1\u624d\u4e0d\u4f1a\u91cd\u6f14\u201d\u3002\u800c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u534e\u88d4\u7528\u4ee5\u52a0\u5f3a\u8eab\u4efd\u8ba4\u540c\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5386\u53f2\u8d44\u6e90\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/i02piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/1c6e32402abc3114\" \/><\/div>\n<p>2012\u5e746\u670822\u65e5\u5728\u5730\u72f1\u5ce1\u8c37\u5f53\u5e74\u534e\u5de5\u9047\u5bb3\u4e4b\u5730\u8bbe\u7acb\u7684\u7eaa\u5ff5\u7891<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u5386\u53f2\uff1a \u201c\u767d\u4eba\u81f3\u4e0a\u201d\u4e3b\u4e49<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4e8c\u6218\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u56de\u5934\u53bb\u770b\u300a\u6392\u534e\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u4f1a\u6709\u201c\u975e\u7f8e\u56fd\u201d\u7684\u611f\u89c9\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u53ea\u6709\u632b\u8d25\u7eb3\u7cb9\u548c\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u5e7f\u7eb3\u79fb\u6c11\u548c\u5b9e\u884c\u591a\u5143\u6587\u5316\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u624d\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\u4e0d\u7136\uff0c\u4e0e\u591a\u5143\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u201c\u767d\u4eba\u81f3\u4e0a\u201d\u3001\u201c\u79cd\u65cf\u4f18\u8d8a\u201d\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u540c\u6837\u6839\u690d\u4e8e\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u5386\u53f2\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u79cd\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u5316\u80cc\u666f\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u624d\u80fd\u7406\u89e31882\u5e74\u300a\u6392\u534e\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\u7684\u7531\u6765\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u5b83\u662f1861-1865\u5e74\u7f8e\u56fd\u5185\u6218\u540e\u201c\u767d\u4eba\u81f3\u4e0a\u201d\u548c\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u76db\u884c\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5185\u6218\u4ee5\u5317\u65b9\u5bf9\u5357\u65b9\u7684\u80dc\u5229\u800c\u544a\u7ec8\uff0c\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5974\u96b6\u5236\u5ea6\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5176\u652f\u6491\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u7684\u6e83\u8d25\u2014\u20141863\u5e74\u6797\u80af\u603b\u7edf\u53d1\u5e03\u300a\u89e3\u653e\u5974\u96b6\u5ba3\u8a00\u300b\uff08The Emancipation Proclamation\uff09\uff1b\u6218\u540e\u201c\u91cd\u5efa\u65f6\u671f\u201d\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u53c8\u76f8\u7ee7\u901a\u8fc7\u4e09\u4e2a\u5baa\u6cd5\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\uff0c\u8d4b\u4e88\u4e0d\u540c\u79cd\u65cf\u3001\u4e0d\u540c\u80a4\u8272\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u516c\u6c11\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u89e3\u653e\u4e86\u7684\u9ed1\u5974\uff09\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u6743\u5229\u3002\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u60c5\u51b5\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u90a3\u65f6\u201c\u767d\u4eba\u81f3\u4e0a\u201d\u7684\u601d\u6f6e\u65b9\u5174\u672a\u827e\uff0c\u800c\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e5f\u5e76\u975e\u5357\u65b9\u6240\u72ec\u6709\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u5357\u65b9\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u62b5\u6d88\u300a\u89e3\u653e\u5974\u96b6\u5ba3\u8a00\u300b\u548c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5baa\u6cd5\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5404\u5dde\u8fc5\u901f\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u9650\u5236\u9ed1\u4eba\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u201c\u9ed1\u4eba\u6cd5\u4ee4\u201d\uff08Black Codes\uff09\uff0c\u5265\u593a\u4ed6\u4eec\u6295\u7968\u7684\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u9650\u5236\u4ed6\u4eec\u751f\u6d3b\u533a\u57df\u3001\u6d3b\u52a8\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u6c11\u95f4\u79d8\u5bc6\u7ec4\u7ec7\u201c\u4e09K\u515a\u201d \uff08Ku Klux Klan\uff09\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u4ee5\u66b4\u529b\u624b\u6bb5\u63a8\u884c\u201c\u767d\u4eba\u81f3\u4e0a\u201d\u4e4b\u7406\u5ff5\uff0c\u5176\u52bf\u529b\u904d\u53ca\u5357\u65b9\u5404\u5dde\uff0c\u6210\u5458\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u6700\u9ad8\u5c42\u7ea7\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u5b98\u5458\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1871\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u4f1a\u51fa\u53f0\u6cd5\u4ee4\u53d6\u7f14\u201c\u4e09K\u515a\u201d\u30021882\u5e74\uff0c\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u88c1\u5b9a\u53c8\u8be5\u6cd5\u4ee4\u201c\u8fdd\u5baa\u201d\u3002\u800c\u90a3\u65f6\uff0c\u201c\u4e09K\u515a\u201d\u6240\u8ffd\u6c42\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u4ea6\u5373\u5728\u5357\u65b9\u6062\u590d\u767d\u4eba\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u85c9\u7531\u6c11\u4e3b\u515a\u7684\u9009\u4e3e\u80dc\u5229\u800c\u57fa\u672c\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\uff0c\u4e00\u6574\u5957\u65e8\u5728\u5f3a\u5316\u79cd\u65cf\u9694\u79bb\u7684\u201c\u5409\u59c6\u514b\u52b3\u6cd5\u201d\uff08Jim Crow Laws\uff09\u4e5f\u968f\u4e4b\u786e\u7acb\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u91cc\u987a\u5e26\u8bb2\u4e00\u53e5\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u6c11\u4e3b\u515a\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u4e0e\u4eca\u65e5\u5927\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u8d64\u88f8\u88f8\u5730\u4e3b\u5f20\u201c\u767d\u4eba\u81f3\u4e0a\u201d\uff0c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u76f4\u52301966\u5e74\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u963f\u62c9\u5df4\u9a6c\u5dde\u6c11\u4e3b\u515a\u7684\u53e3\u53f7\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u201c\u767d\u4eba\u81f3\u4e0a\u201d\u3002\u6c11\u4e3b\u515a\u548c\u5171\u548c\u515a\u7684\u201c\u4eba\u8bbe\u201d\u8f6c\u53d8\u7684\u5951\u673a\uff0c\u662f\u5c3c\u514b\u677e\u7ade\u9009\u603b\u7edf\u65f6\u5019\u5b9e\u884c\u7684\u201c\u5357\u65b9\u7b56\u7565\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1896\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u5c31\u201c\u666e\u83b1\u897f\u544a\u5f17\u683c\u68ee\u201d\u6848\uff08Plessy v. Ferguson\uff09\u505a\u51fa\u88c1\u51b3\uff0c\u8ba4\u53ef\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u9694\u79bb\u4f46\u5e73\u7b49\u201d\uff08separate but equal\uff09\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u4e3a\u79cd\u65cf\u9694\u79bb\u653f\u7b56\u548c\u201c\u5409\u59c6\u514b\u52b3\u6cd5\u201d\u626b\u6e05\u4e86\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0a\u7684\u969c\u788d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u201c\u4e09K\u515a\u201d\u91cd\u65b0\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u516c\u5171\u89c6\u91ce\u91cc\uff0c\u8981\u52301915\u5e74\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u5df2\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u9ed1\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6269\u5927\u5230\u9488\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5916\u6765\u79fb\u6c11\u3001\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5f92\u548c\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u3002\u57281920\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u5dc5\u5cf0\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u5176\u6210\u5458\u8d85\u8fc7400\u4e07\u4eba\uff0c\u5176\u6e38\u884c\u3001\u96c6\u4f1a\u3001\u711a\u70e7\u5341\u5b57\u67b6\u7b49\u6d3b\u52a8\u904d\u5e03\u5168\u7f8e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u201c\u4e09K\u515a\u201d\u663e\u7136\u4e0d\u4e4f\u5404\u8def\u76df\u53cb\u30021915\u5e74\uff0c\u7531\u5927\u536b\u2022\u6c83\u514b\u2022\u683c\u91cc\u83f2\u65af\uff08David Wark Griffith\uff0c1875-1948\uff09\u5bfc\u6f14\u7684\u65e0\u58f0\u7535\u5f71\u300a\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u8bde\u751f\u300b\uff08The Birth of a Nation\uff09\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e0a\u6620\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u90e8\u7535\u5f71\u7684\u5267\u672c\u662f\u7f8e\u5316\u4e09K\u515a\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\u300a\u540c\u65cf\u4eba\u300b\uff08The Clansman\uff09\u3002\u5f71\u7247\u4f20\u9012\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u767d\u4eba\u4f18\u8d8a\u8bba\uff0c\u8fc5\u901f\u5728\u5168\u56fd\u5f88\u591a\u57ce\u5e02\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u5927\u9a9a\u4e71\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u4eca\u5929\u4ecd\u65e7\u662f\u5907\u53d7\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\u7535\u5f71\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/i01piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/6ac56a39213a1f4f\" \/><\/div>\n<p>1921\u5e74\u7ee7\u7eed\u4e0a\u6620\u7684\u300a\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u8bde\u751f\u300b\u7684\u6d77\u62a5\uff0c\u5c01\u9762\u4e0a\u4e43\u662f\u82f1\u96c4\u5f62\u8c61\u7684\u4e09K\u515a\u4eba<\/p>\n<p>1916\u5e74\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u53eb\u9ea6\u8fea\u68ee\u2022\u683c\u5170\u7279\uff08Madison Grant\uff09\u7684\u534e\u5c14\u8857\u5f8b\u5e08\u517c\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u8005\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u4e00\u672c\u9898\u4e3a\u300a\u4f1f\u5927\u79cd\u65cf\u7684\u6d88\u4ea1\u300b\uff08The Passing of the Great Race\uff09\u7684\u4e66\uff0c\u5927\u8086\u5ba3\u8bb2\u201c\u5317\u6b27\u4eba\u79cd\u4f18\u8d8a\u8bba\u201d\uff08Nordic superiority\uff09\uff0c\u58f0\u79f0\u90a3\u79cd\u8ba9\u7f8e\u56fd\u6210\u4e3a\u201c\u5404\u56fd\u88ab\u538b\u8feb\u8005\u7684\u907f\u96be\u6240\u201d\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u6b63\u5728\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u5377\u5165\u4ea1\u65cf\u706d\u79cd\u7684\u6df1\u6e0a\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u683c\u5170\u7279\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u6839\u6e90\u5728\u4e8e\u5176\u521d\u4ee3\u767d\u4eba\u6b96\u6c11\u8005\u5373\u5317\u6b27\u4eba\u79cd\u7684\u4f18\u8d8a\u8840\u7edf\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6709\u7740\u65b0\u79fb\u6c11\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6709\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u6f5c\u529b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4efb\u7531\u5404\u56fd\u79fb\u6c11\u7ee7\u7eed\u6d8c\u5165\uff0c\u5bf9\u201c\u79cd\u65cf\u3001\u4fe1\u4ef0\u548c\u80a4\u8272\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u89c6\u800c\u4e0d\u89c1\u201d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u767d\u4eba\u62d3\u8352\u8005\u7684\u8840\u7edf\u5c06\u4f1a\u65ad\u7edd\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e3b\u5f20\u7f8e\u56fd\u5f00\u5c55\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u9879\u76ee\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u672c\u8457\u4f5c\u5e76\u4e0d\u7545\u9500\uff0c\u4f46\u5f88\u5feb\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u7cbe\u82f1\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u5171\u9e23\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u56fd\u4f1a\u5c71\u3002\u6765\u81ea\u534e\u76db\u987f\u5dde\u7684\u5171\u548c\u515a\u4f17\u8bae\u5458\u963f\u5c14\u4f2f\u7279\u2022\u7ea6\u7ff0\u900a\uff08Albert Johnson\uff09\u770b\u5b8c\u4e66\u540e\u8054\u7cfb\u4e86\u683c\u5170\u7279\uff0c\u4e24\u4eba\u4e00\u62cd\u5373\u5408\u3002\u800c\u6b63\u662f\u8fd9\u4f4d\u7ea6\u7ff0\u900a\u8bae\u5458\u63a8\u52a8\u56fd\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u300a1924\u5e74\u79fb\u6c11\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\uff0c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u7981\u65ad\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u548c\u5f88\u591a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u8d74\u7f8e\u79fb\u6c11\u4e4b\u8def\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7f8e\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u76db\u884c\u7684\u5c40\u9762\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u523020\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u540e\u671f\u624d\u5f00\u59cb\u6839\u672c\u6539\u89c2\u3002\u5728\u6c11\u6743\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u51b2\u51fb\u4e0b\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u76f8\u7ee7\u9881\u5e03\u4e861964\u5e74\u300a\u6c11\u6743\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\uff08Civil Rights Act\uff09\u548c1965\u5e74\u300a\u6295\u7968\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\uff08Voting Rights 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