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class=\"\">\n<section class=\"\">\n<section class=\"\">\n<section class=\"\">\n<section class=\"\">1\u3001<strong>\u662d\u548c\u3068\u306f\uff1f\u2014\u2014\u540e\u51b7\u6218\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u662d\u548c\u8bb0\u5fc6<\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<p><em>\u6574\u7406\u81ea\uff1aThe Idea of Showa, Daedalus, Vol. 119, No. 3, Showa: The Japan of Hirohito (1990), pp. 1-26.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a Carol Gluck<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u51b7\u773c\u65c1\u89c2\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u88d5\u4ec1\u5929\u7687\u7684\u53bb\u4e16\u548c\u662d\u548c\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u5176\u5b9e\u53ea\u662f\u4eba\u4e3a\u5e76\u5217\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u5929\u7687\u53bb\u4e16\u672c\u8eab\u867d\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u7ed3\u675f\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e7\u65f6\u4ee3\u6216\u8005\u5f00\u542f\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u4f46\u5404\u5730\u8fc5\u901f\u6380\u8d77\u7684\u6000\u65e7\u4e0e\u53cd\u601d\u70ed\u6f6e\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u968f\u4e4b\u5c55\u5f00\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u5386\u53f2\u4e0e\u96c6\u4f53\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7684\u6784\u5efa\uff0c\u5374\u8ba9\u5929\u7687\u53bb\u4e16\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u8f6c\u6298\u70b9\u3002\u516d\u5341\u4e09\u5e74\u7684\u662d\u548c\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u5982\u4eca\u5c06\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u201c\u65f6\u4ee3\u201d\u4f9b\u4eba\u8bb2\u8ff0\u548c\u8bb0\u5fc6\uff0c\u6bd4\u8d77\u4e25\u8c28\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u5386\u53f2\u65ad\u4ee3\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u662d\u548c\u53f2\u201d\u66f4\u50cf\u662f\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u4ee3\u4ee3\u76f8\u4f20\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u6216\u6697\u81ea\u601d\u5fd6\u65f6\u7684\u81ea\u8a00\u81ea\u8bed\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u6392\u5217\u7ec4\u5408\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u5e76\u83b7\u53d6\u5bf9\u672a\u6765\u7684\u6307\u5f15\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u865a\u6784\u7684\u5386\u53f2 (mythistory) 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src=\"https:\/\/img0.baidu.com\/it\/u=2866353958,1872106475&amp;fm=253&amp;fmt=auto?w=474&amp;h=286\" 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src=\"https:\/\/img2.baidu.com\/it\/u=697346278,2436782432&amp;fm=253&amp;fmt=auto&amp;app=138&amp;f=JPEG?w=400&amp;h=600\" 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(Total War) 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39\u5728\u4e9a\u6d32\u548c\u6b27\u7f8e\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6240\u6709\u56fd\u5bb6\u90fd\u9762\u4e34\u7740\u65b0\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5373\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u79e9\u5e8f\u4e2d\u4e66\u5199\u81ea\u5df1\u56fd\u5bb6\u5386\u53f2\u3002\u53d1\u8fbe\u56fd\u5bb6\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e60\u60ef\u4e8e\u5728\u4e66\u5199\u81ea\u5df1\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u65f6\u8003\u8651\u5176\u5b83\u56fd\u5bb6\u548c\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u611f\u53d7\uff0c\u800c\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e16\u754c\u56fd\u5bb6\u5219\u5f00\u59cb\u4e89\u53d6\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u6743\u3002\u5f53\u5386\u53f2\u7ec8\u4e8e\u4ece\u51b7\u6218\u7684\u67b7\u9501\u4e2d\u89e3\u653e\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u90fd\u6267\u7740\u4e8e\u81ea\u5df1\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u72ec\u7279\u6027\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u8f7b\u6613\u5c31\u62ab\u4e0a\u4e86\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5916\u8863\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u8fd9\u5bf9\u8fc7\u53bb\u548c\u672a\u6765\u90fd\u4e0d\u516c\u5e73\u3002\u662d\u548c\u53f2\u5e76\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u5c5e\u4e8e\u65e5\u672c\uff0c\u4ece\u5927\u8427\u6761\u3001\u4e8c\u6218\u5230\u77f3\u6cb9\u5371\u673a\uff0c\u6218\u540e\u65e5\u672c\u6240\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u8bf8\u591a\u6311\u6218\u540c\u6837\u4e5f\u4e3a\u540c\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u56fd\u6240\u7ecf\u5386\u3002\u800c\u8fd9\u6bb5\u5386\u53f2\u6559\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u8bfe\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u8fc7\u5ea6\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u4e25\u91cd\u540e\u679c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u503c\u5f97\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u65e5\u672c\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u6240\u6709\u56fd\u5bb6\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<section class=\"\">\n<section class=\"\">\n<section class=\"\">\n<section class=\"\">\n<section class=\"\">2\u3001<strong>\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u53cd\u601d\uff1f\u5173\u4e8e\u300a\u662d\u548c\u53f2\u300b\u7684\u8bba\u4e89<\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<p><em>\u6574\u7406\u81ea\uff1aLe d\u00e9bat sur l\u2019Histoire de Sh\u014dwa et le Japon de 1955: vers un nouveau sens du savoir historique, Cipango, 2010.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aTristan Brunet<\/em><\/p>\n<p>1955\u5e74\u5bf9\u4e8e\u65e5\u672c\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u5177\u6709\u8f6c\u6298\u6027\u7684\u4e00\u5e74\u3002\u201c1955\u5e74\u4f53\u5236\u201d\u968f\u7740\u4fdd\u5b88\u6d3e\u81ea\u6c11\u515a\u7684\u6210\u7acb\u4e0e\u638c\u6743\u800c\u786e\u7acb\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u9010\u6e10\u6062\u590d\u5230\u6218\u524d\u6c34\u5e73\u30021955\u5e74\uff0c\u7531\u8fdc\u5c71\u8302\u6811\u3001\u85e4\u539f\u5f70\u3001\u4eca\u4e95\u6e05\u4e00\u4e09\u4eba\u5171\u540c\u64b0\u5199\u7684\u300a\u662d\u548c\u53f2\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u51fa\u7248\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u65e5\u672c\u53f2\u5b66\u754c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4e66\u5199\u5f53\u4ee3\u53f2\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u4e66\u5199\u6709\u5173\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u3002\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u7531\u6b64\u5f15\u53d1\u7684\u201c\u662d\u548c\u53f2\u8bba\u4e89\u201d\u6380\u8d77\u4e86\u6218\u540e\u65e5\u672c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u516c\u5171\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u548c\u6b63\u5728\u6210\u5f62\u4e2d\u7684\u65e5\u672c\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\u4e5f\u501f\u6b64\u76f4\u9762\u56fd\u5bb6\u5386\u53f2\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u800c\u8bba\u4e89\u7684\u7126\u70b9\u65e5\u540e\u4e5f\u6210\u4e3a\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u754c\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u70ed\u70b9\u8bdd\u9898\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u53f2\u5b66\u5360\u636e\u4e86\u6218\u540e\u65e5\u672c\u53f2\u5b66\u754c\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u53f2\u5b66\u601d\u60f3\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u5c06\u5929\u7687\u5236\u4e0e\u65e5\u672c\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u4ece\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4e2d\u6e05\u9664\uff0c\u6539\u53d8\u4ee5\u793e\u4f1a\u7cbe\u82f1\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u53d9\u4e8b\uff0c\u4ee5\u5de9\u56fa\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\u5728\u4eba\u4eec\u5fc3\u4e2d\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u4ece\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u8d77\u5c31\u662f\u65e5\u672c\u56fd\u5185\u53cd\u6218\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u6700\u5408\u9002\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u634d\u536b\u8005\u3002\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u53f2\u89c2\u5bf9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u57fa\u7840\u4e0e\u4e0a\u5c42\u5efa\u7b51\u7684\u8fa9\u8bc1\u5206\u6790\u4e3a\u65e5\u672c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u89e3\u91ca\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u6846\u67b6\u3002\u65e9\u5728\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u5c31\u5f00\u59cb\u63a2\u8ba8\u65e5\u672c\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u548c\u7f3a\u9677\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u52b3\u519c\u6d3e\u548c\u8bb2\u5ea7\u6d3e\u4e24\u4e2a\u6d3e\u522b\u3002\u524d\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5b58\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u5c40\u9650\u6027\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u4ecd\u7136\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u5219\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u5171\u4ea7\u56fd\u9645\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u4e0d\u5f7b\u5e95\u7684\uff0c\u4fdd\u7559\u4e86\u541b\u4e3b\u4e13\u5236\u548c\u5c01\u5efa\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u6210\u5206\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u9769\u547d\u5f53\u65f6\u65e0\u6cd5\u5728\u65e5\u672c\u5c55\u5f00\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u573a\u8bba\u6218\u4e2d\uff0c\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u53d1\u5c55\u4e86\u4e00\u6574\u5957\u7406\u8bba\u6846\u67b6\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\uff0c\u5728\u6218\u540e\u4e5f\u5f97\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u6218\u524d\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u7684\u5d29\u6e83\uff0c\u5728\u6df7\u4e71\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e2d\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e3a\u5f53\u4e16\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u6574\u7406\u51fa\u4e00\u6761\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u94fe\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6218\u540e\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e5f\u7ee7\u627f\u4e86\u4e8c\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u5148\u5165\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5bf9\u65e5\u672c\u5386\u53f2\u8fdb\u884c\u76ee\u7684\u8bba (t\u00e9l\u00e9ologie) \u89e3\u8bfb\uff0c\u628a\u5c01\u5efa (f\u00e9odalit\u00e9)\u3001\u4e13\u5236 (absolutism) \u3001\u73b0\u4ee3\u56fd\u5bb6 (l\u2019\u00c9tat modern) \u7b49\u897f\u65b9\u5386\u53f2\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e2d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u65e5\u672c\uff0c\u4ee5\u897f\u65b9\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u8303\u5f0f\u6765\u8861\u91cf\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/img2.baidu.com\/it\/u=2638536699,2482303560&amp;fm=253&amp;fmt=auto&amp;app=138&amp;f=JPEG?w=294&amp;h=427\" 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(esprit [d\u2019\u00e9ploque]\uff0c\u305b\u3044\u3057\u3093\u7cbe\u795e) \u5bf9\u4e2a\u4eba\u6289\u62e9\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u9f9f\u4e95\u672c\u4eba\u7684\u7ecf\u5386\u5c31\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u5178\u578b\uff1a\u6700\u521d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\uff0c\u5728\u53cd\u5171\u9547\u538b\u4e2d\u88ab\u62d8\u7981\u4e24\u5e74\u540e\u8f6c\u5411\u652f\u6301\u519b\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u653f\u6743\uff0c\u83b7\u91ca\u540e\u6210\u4e3a\u65e5\u672c\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u6d6a\u6f2b\u6d3e\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u548c\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u72c2\u70ed\u652f\u6301\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0e\u79d1\u5b66\u53f2\u89c2\u76f8\u5bf9\uff0c\u9f9f\u4e95\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u6587\u5b66\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u95e8\u201c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u7684\u5b66\u95ee\u201d (science de 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