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Agrarian Origins of Modern 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McC. Netting\uff09\u4e3a\u5c0f\u519c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f5c\u7684\u7ffb\u6848\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u8d70\u7684\u90fd\u662f\u53f2\u5bc6\u65af\u5f00\u521b\u7684\u9053\u8def\u3002\u751a\u81f3\u6b27\u6d32\u53f2\u4e2d\u5bf9\u201c\u524d\u8fd1\u4ee3\u201d\u3001\u201c\u539f\u59cb\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u201d\uff08proto-industrialization\uff09\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4e5f\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u88ab\u53f2\u5bc6\u65af\u6240\u9884\u793a\u3002\u96be\u602a\u6709\u65f6\u6b27\u6d32\u53f2\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u4e5f\u6709\u5bf9\u53f2\u5bc6\u65af\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/img1.baidu.com\/it\/u=2630440180,185789318&amp;fm=253&amp;fmt=auto&amp;app=138&amp;f=JPEG?w=500&amp;h=723\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u65e5\u672c\u6c5f\u6237\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u7248\u753b<\/p>\n<p>\u53f2\u5bc6\u65af\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u672c\u4e66\uff0c\u53eb\u300a\u65e5\u672c\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u7684\u672c\u571f\u6e90\u6cc9\u300b\uff0c\u987e\u540d\u601d\u4e49\uff0c\u63a2\u8ba8\u7684\u8fd8\u662f\u65e5\u672c\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u7684\u5185\u5728\u52a8\u56e0\u3002\u6211\u521d\u8bfb\u6b64\u4e66\u65f6\u66fe\u5f00\u73a9\u7b11\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u628a\u8fd9\u672c\u201c\u8001\u4e66\u201d\u6253\u626e\u5165\u65f6\uff0c\u5e94\u628a\u4e66\u540d\u6539\u6210\u300a\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u300b\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u672c1988\u5e74\u624d\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u96c6\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e0d\u5982\u4e0a\u4e00\u672c\u4e66\u6709\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u66f4\u503c\u5f97\u6211\u4eec\u6ce8\u610f\u3002\u7279\u522b\u662f\u4ed6\u5f00\u59cb\u63d0\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u6c5f\u6237\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7279\u6027\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u6c5f\u6237\u7684\u571f\u5730\u7a0e\u662f\u91c7\u7528\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u77f3\u9ad8\u5236\u201d\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u7684\u662f\u6c5f\u6237\u521d\u5e74\u7684\u201c\u68c0\u5730\u201d\uff08\u5373\u571f\u5730\u7edf\u8ba1\uff09\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u5e55\u5e9c\u516c\u5f00\u58f0\u79f0\uff0c\u201c\u68c0\u5730\u201d\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u786e\u7acb\u7edf\u6cbb\u96c6\u56e2\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u662f\u8981\u6536\u593a\u4efb\u4f55\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u519c\u4e1a\u5269\u4f59\uff0c\u4f7f\u519c\u6c11\u9664\u4e86\u7ef4\u6301\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u6e29\u9971\u5916\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u8d44\u6e90\u6765\u9020\u53cd\u3002\u957f\u671f\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u5b66\u754c\u4e5f\u4e00\u76f4\u8ba4\u4e3a\u201c\u77f3\u9ad8\u5236\u201d\u662f\u538b\u8feb\u6027\u7684\u6b8b\u9177\u5c01\u5efa\u7a0e\u6536\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f7f\u5f97\u519c\u6c11\u4e00\u8d2b\u5982\u6d17\uff0c\u519c\u4e1a\u53d1\u5c55\u505c\u6ede\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u53f2\u5bc6\u65af\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u201c\u77f3\u9ad8\u5236\u201d\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u662f\u6c5f\u6237\u521d\u5e74\u5b9a\u4e0b\u7684\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u65e5\u672c\u519c\u4e1a\u8fd8\u51e0\u4e4e\u662f\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u6c34\u5e73\u3002\u4e00\u767e\u591a\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u201c\u68c0\u5730\u201d\u4e0d\u884c\uff0c\u7a0e\u7387\u4f9d\u65e7\uff0c\u4f46\u519c\u4e1a\u53d1\u5c55\u7a81\u98de\u731b\u8fdb\u3002\u6709\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u4ea9\u4ea7\u7adf\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86112%\uff01\u66f4\u4f55\u51b5\u4ece\u5341\u4e03\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\u671f\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u201c\u65b0\u7530\u5f00\u53d1\u201d\u4f7f\u7530\u4ea9\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u6570\u989d\u5927\u589e\u3002\u5728\u7a0e\u989d\u4e0d\u53d8\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u519c\u6c11\u5f97\u4ee5\u5145\u5206\u4eab\u53d7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u519c\u4e1a\u8fdb\u6b65\u7684\u679c\u5b9e\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u66f4\u6709\u52a8\u529b\u8fdb\u884c\u519c\u4e1a\u6295\u8d44\uff0c\u6539\u8fdb\u751f\u4ea7\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u4e61\u95f4\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\u8d44\u672c\u79ef\u7d2f\uff0c\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u5148\u8fdb\u7684\u524d\u8fd1\u4ee3\u519c\u4e1a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0e\u6b64\u76f8\u5173\u7684\uff0c\u5219\u662f\u6c5f\u6237\u540e\u671f\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u201c\u975e\u57ce\u5e02\u5316\u201d\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u5927\u5bb6\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u8fd1\u5341\u51e0\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u660e\u6e05\u6c5f\u5357\u57ce\u5e02\u5316\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u751a\u4e3a\u70ed\u95f9\u3002\u57ce\u5e02\u5316\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u5f53\u6210\u662f\u519c\u4e1a\u8fdb\u6b65\u3001\u751a\u81f3\u201c\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u840c\u82bd\u201d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u6807\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u53f2\u5bc6\u65af\u5219\u5411\u6211\u4eec\u5c55\u793a\uff0c\u5728\u540c\u6837\u4ece\u4e8b\u6c34\u7530\u7a3b\u7c73\u519c\u4e1a\u7684\u6c5f\u6237\uff0c\u519c\u4e1a\u8fdb\u6b65\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u662f\u201c\u975e\u57ce\u5e02\u5316\u201d\u7684\u8d8b\u5411\u3002\u4ece\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u6c5f\u6237\u7684\u5927\u90fd\u5e02\u4eba\u53e3\u666e\u904d\u51cf\u5c11\u3002\u800c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8d8a\u662f\u53d1\u8fbe\u7684\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u5927\u90fd\u5e02\u8870\u843d\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u8d8a\u660e\u663e\u3002\u7406\u7531\u662f\uff1a\u519c\u6c11\u4ece\u519c\u4e1a\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u79ef\u7d2f\u4e86\u8d44\u672c\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u53d1\u5c55\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8d38\u6613\u548c\u624b\u5de5\u4e1a\uff0c\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u4e0d\u4f9d\u8d56\u57ce\u5e02\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u519c\u6751\u79bb\u539f\u6599\u4ea7\u5730\u8fd1\uff0c\u519c\u6c11\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4e3a\u540c\u65f6\u4ece\u4e8b\u519c\u4e1a\u548c\u526f\u4e1a\u8fdb\u884c\u957f\u8ddd\u79bb\u65c5\u884c\uff0c\u519c\u6751\u91cc\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u5e72\u9884\u5c11\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u5ea6\u9ad8\uff0c\u6751\u5b50\u91cc\u7684\u4eba\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7262\u9760\uff0c\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u5546\u4e1a\u6cd5\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u4fe1\u8d56\u611f\u4e3a\u8d38\u6613\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u65b9\u4fbf\uff0c\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u57ce\u91cc\u4eba\u5f00\u59cb\u4e0b\u4e61\u6253\u5de5\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u4e61\u4e0b\u7684\u5de5\u94b1\u6bd4\u57ce\u91cc\u9ad8\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8c6a\u6cfd\uff08William B. 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Inner Opium 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