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1.\u8d44\u6e90\u4e0e\u6280\u672f\uff1a\u535c\u51ef\u4e0e\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3e\u201d<\/p>\n

\u738b\u5b9c\u660c\u3001\u5f20\u5fd7\u6f84\u7b49\u4eba\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3e\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e61\u6751\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u66f4\u5e94\u6ce8\u610f\u81ea\u7136\u57fa\u7840\u4ee5\u53ca\u4eba\u4e0e\u81ea\u7136\u4e4b\u95f4\u5173\u7cfb\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ef4\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5c06\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u7126\u70b9\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u571f\u5730\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u4e70\u5356\u4ee5\u53ca\u519c\u4e1a\u751f\u4ea7\u4e2d\u7684\u96c7\u4f63\u52b3\u52a8\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u73b0\u8c61\u4e0a\uff0c\u5e76\u7531\u6b64\u5f97\u51fa\u4e86\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e61\u6751\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e2d\u5360\u636e\u7740\u4e3b\u8981\u6210\u5206\u8fd9\u4e00\u91cd\u8981\u5224\u65ad\u3002\uff3b3\uff3d210<\/p>\n

\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u535c\u51ef\uff08John.Lossing.Buck\uff09\u3001\u4e54\u542f\u660e\u7b49\u4eba\u90fd\u662f\u91c7\u53d6\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\u8bba\u8ff0\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fdb\u8def\u3002\u535c\u51ef\u57281921\u20141925\u5e74\u548c1929\u20141933\u5e74\u4e24\u6b21\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u8c03\u67e5\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u5c55\u5f00\u4e86\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5e76\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u519c\u6751\u8d2b\u56f0\u843d\u540e\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u8d44\u6e90\u77ed\u7f3a\u3001\u4eba\u53e3\u8fc7\u5269\u3001\u751f\u4ea7\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u7ecf\u8425\u65b9\u5f0f\u843d\u540e\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5927\u519c\u573a\u548c\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u519c\u4e1a\u751f\u4ea7\u7ecf\u8425\u624d\u80fd\u771f\u6b63\u4fc3\u8fdb\u519c\u4e1a\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u4e54\u542f\u660e\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u519c\u6751\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8870\u5f31\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u4eba\u53e3\u3001\u571f\u5730\u3001\u6587\u5316\u4e09\u8005\u5931\u8c03\u7684\u7f18\u6545\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3b\u5f20\u5e94\u8be5\u91cd\u70b9\u8003\u5bdf\u548c\u8ba8\u8bba\u7a76\u7adf\u5982\u4f55\u5229\u7528\u571f\u5730\uff0c\u5176\u4e3b\u5f20\u591a\u4e3a\u6280\u672f\u578b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\uff3b4\uff3d<\/p>\n

2.\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0e\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a\u9648\u7ff0\u7b19\u4e0e\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u519c\u6751\u6d3e\u201d<\/p>\n

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1.\u6240\u6709\u4e0e\u4f7f\u7528\uff1a\u571f\u5730\u5206\u914d\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u5f20\u529b<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

\u9648\u7ff0\u7b19\u592b\u5987\uff081921\u5e74\uff09<\/p>\n

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2.\u79df\u4f43\u4e0e\u516c\u7530\uff1a\u673a\u5236\u5206\u6790\u7684\u5355\u4e00\u5f52\u56e0<\/p>\n

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\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e00\u8bba\u8bc1\u903b\u8f91\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u9648\u7ff0\u7b19\u662f\u5728\u7528\u4e61\u6751\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u56f4\u7ed5\u571f\u5730\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0e\u519c\u4e1a\u751f\u4ea7\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u5265\u524a\u5173\u7cfb\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u5176\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u751f\u4ea7\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5bf9\u4e61\u6751\u793e\u4f1a\u5371\u673a\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u5f52\u56e0\u3002\u5728\u9648\u7ff0\u7b19\u7684\u5206\u6790\u8fdb\u8def\u4e2d\uff0c\u5148\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u751f\u6d3b\u6c34\u5e73\u201d\u8fd9\u79cd\u5355\u7eaf\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5206\u5316\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u5bf9\u4e61\u6751\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u519c\u6c11\u9636\u5c42\u8fdb\u884c\u533a\u5206\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6b64\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u7528\u4eba\u4e0e\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5265\u524a\u5173\u7cfb\u6765\u5448\u73b0\u4e61\u6751\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u7834\u8d25\u5c40\u9762\uff0c\u523b\u753b\u4e8620\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e8c\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u4e61\u6751\u7834\u8d25\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u753b\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56db\u3001\u201c\u5b97\u65cf\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u571f\u6539\u201d\uff1a \u5206\u6790\u8fdb\u8def\u7684\u5f20\u529b\u4e0e\u9650\u5236<\/p>\n

\u9648\u7ff0\u7b19\u5bf9\u534e\u5357\u519c\u6751\u5371\u673a\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5206\u6790\u8fdb\u8def\uff0c\u662f\u4ee5\u571f\u5730\u751f\u4ea7\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u5265\u524a\u5173\u7cfb\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u751f\u4ea7\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u89e3\u91ca\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u519c\u6751\u5371\u673a\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5206\u6790\u601d\u8def\u4e0b\uff0c\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e00\u5371\u673a\u81ea\u7136\u8981\u4ece\u751f\u4ea7\u5173\u7cfb\u5165\u624b\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u79cd\u751f\u4ea7\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u53d8\u9769\uff0c\u5728\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e2d\u5c31\u4ee5\u571f\u5730\u9769\u547d\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5448\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\u3002\uff3b1\uff3d49\u7136\u800c\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u590d\u6742\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u63a5\u8e35\u800c\u81f3\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5355\u4e00\u9762\u5411\u7684\u201c\u9636\u7ea7\u5206\u5316\u201d\u7684\u5206\u6790\u8fdb\u8def\u5374\u540c\u5730\u65b9\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5386\u53f2\u60c5\u5883\u4e4b\u95f4\u5728\u8bf8\u591a\u65b9\u9762\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u5f20\u529b\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5f20\u529b\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u6e90\u4e8e\u8fd9\u79cd\u5206\u6790\u8fdb\u8def\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5c71\u533a\u5546\u54c1\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7279\u8d28\u7684\u5ffd\u89c6\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u6e90\u4e8e\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5e7f\u4e1c\u5730\u533a\u805a\u65cf\u800c\u5c45\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u793e\u4f1a\u5f62\u6001\u7684\u5ffd\u89c6\u3002\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u7406\u89e3\u9648\u7ff0\u7b19\u5206\u6790\u8fdb\u8def\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u9762\u5bf9\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u5355\u7eaf\u7684\u201c\u9636\u7ea7\u5206\u5316\u201d\u662f\u5426\u7406\u89e3\u534e\u5357\u519c\u6751\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u8fdb\u8def\uff1f\u8fd9\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u56de\u5230\u5e7f\u4e1c\u7701\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u7ecf\u9a8c\u72b6\u51b5\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u7406\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n

1.\u5c71\u533a\u5546\u54c1\u7ecf\u6d4e\uff1a\u5e7f\u4e1c\u7701\u5185\u7684\u590d\u6742\u60c5\u5883<\/p>\n

\u9648\u7ff0\u7b19\u8bd5\u56fe\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u571f\u5730\u751f\u4ea7\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u5f53\u5730\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\u7684\u8870\u8d25\uff0c\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5e7f\u4e1c\u7701\u5185\u5927\u91cf\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u7684\u4e27\u5931\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u519c\u6751\u5371\u673a\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e00\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u7684\u4e27\u5931\u5219\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u672c\u5c31\u5c0f\u519c\u7ecf\u8425\u7684\u519c\u6c11\u4e0d\u582a\u5fcd\u53d7\u6b8b\u9177\u7684\u5265\u524a\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5206\u6790\u4e0e\u89e3\u91ca\u8def\u5f84\u5374\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u201c\u52b3\u52a8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u201d\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u56e0\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

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2.\u5b97\u65cf\u5206\u5316\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\uff1a \u534e\u5357\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u666e\u904d\u7279\u5f81<\/p>\n

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\u5e7f\u4e1c\u662f\u5ba2\u5bb6\u4eba\u805a\u96c6\u7684\u91cd\u5730\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u5e7f\u4e1c\u7684\u5c71\u533a\u4e18\u9675\u5730\u533a\u3002\u6309\u7167\u300a\u6885\u53bf\u5fd7\u300b\u7684\u8bb0\u8f7d\uff0c\u5ba2\u5bb6\u4eba\u6700\u65e9\u662f\u5728\u5317\u5b8b\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u4e2d\u539f\u5730\u533a\u707e\u5bb3\u9965\u8352\u7b49\u5404\u79cd\u539f\u56e0\u5357\u8fc1\u81f3\u6b64\u7684\u6c49\u4eba\uff1a\u5176\u540e\uff0c\u4e2d\u539f\u5730\u533a\u56e0\u707e\u5bb3\u9965\u8352\u7b49\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u6c49\u4eba\u518d\u6b21\u5357\u8fc1\uff0c\u539f\u5f99\u5c45\u6c5f\u897f\u3001\u798f\u5efa\u4e00\u5e26\u7684\u6c49\u4eba\u4ea6\u5148\u540e\u7ecf\u5b81\u5316\u3001\u4e0a\u676d\u6765\u6885\u5b9a\u5c45\u3002\u2026\u2026\u660e\u3001\u6e05\u4e24\u4ee3\uff0c\u539f\u4f4f\u95fd\u897f\u3001\u8d63\u5357\u7684\u6c49\u65cf\u201c\u5ba2\u5bb6\u201d\u9646\u7eed\u8fc1\u6885\uff0c\u53bf\u5185\u4eba\u53e3\u590d\u9010\u6e10\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u6885\u5730\u6210\u4e3a\u7eaf\u5ba2\u5bb6\u53bf\u3002\uff3b8\uff3d170-171<\/p>\n

\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5ba2\u5bb6\u4eba\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u505c\u6b62\u8fc1\u79fb\u7684\u811a\u6b65\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u968f\u7740\u5386\u53f2\u60c5\u5883\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u5728\u4e18\u9675\u4e0e\u4e18\u9675\u3001\u4e18\u9675\u4e0e\u5e73\u539f\u5730\u533a\u8fc1\u79fb\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u8fc1\u79fb\u52bf\u5fc5\u9020\u6210\u201c\u571f\u8457\u201d\u4e0e\u8fc1\u79fb\u800c\u6765\u7684\u201c\u5ba2\u6c11\u201d\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u79fb\u6c11\u53f2\u300b\u4e2d\u6240\u8bb0\u8f7d\u7684\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u4e07\u5386\u5e74\u95f4\u5fbd\u5dde\u5e9c\u6c38\u5b89\u548c\u5f52\u5584\u7684\u6c49\u4eba\u4e0e\u7572\u6c11\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5d07\u796f\u5e74\u95f4\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u535a\u7f57\u53bf\u7684\u571f\u8457\u4e0e\u5ba2\u5bb6\u4eba\u7684\u68b0\u6597\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u571f\u5ba2\u51b2\u7a81\u201d\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u4f53\u73b0\u3002\uff3b12\uff3d<\/p>\n

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3.\u5b97\u65cf\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u571f\u5730\u9769\u547d\uff1a\u751f\u4ea7\u5173\u7cfb\u53d8\u66f4\u7684\u201c\u610f\u5916\u540e\u679c\u201d<\/p>\n

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\u4e0a\u8ff0\u8bdd\u8bed\u5df2\u7ecf\u8868\u8fbe\u5f97\u518d\u6e05\u695a\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u7528\u9636\u7ea7\u5173\u7cfb\u53d6\u4ee3\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u5b97\u65cf\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6240\u8c13\u53cd\u5bf9\u5b97\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5b9e\u8d28\u5185\u6db5\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u53d6\u4ee3\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u201c\u610f\u5916\u540e\u679c\u201d\u5374\u96c6\u4e2d\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\uff1a\u5176\u4e00\uff0c\u516c\u7530\u4e0e\u65cf\u7530\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u82cf\u533a\u65f6\u671f\u6c5f\u897f\u7701\u5174\u56fd\u53bf\u9881\u5e03\u7684\u300a\u571f\u5730\u6cd5\u300b\u660e\u786e\u89c4\u5b9a\u8981\u201c\u6ca1\u6536\u4e00\u5207\u516c\u5171\u571f\u5730\u53ca\u5730\u4e3b\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u571f\u5730\u5f52\u5174\u56fd\u5de5\u519c\u4ee3\u8868\u4f1a\u8bae\u653f\u5e9c\u6240\u6709\u201d\uff0c\u5206\u7ed9\u65e0\u7530\u5730\u53ca\u5c11\u7530\u5730\u7684\u519c\u6c11\u8015\u79cd\u4f7f\u7528\uff3b15\uff3d\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5bf9\u4e8e\u516c\u7530\u4e0e\u65cf\u7530\u7684\u6ca1\u6536\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff0c\u539f\u6765\u516c\u7530\u6240\u627f\u62c5\u7684\u5305\u62ec\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u796d\u7940\u3001\u6551\u6d4e\u7b49\u804c\u80fd\uff0c\u7a76\u7adf\u8be5\u7531\u4f55\u79cd\u5236\u5ea6\u5f62\u5f0f\u5177\u4f53\u627f\u62c5\uff1f\u5176\u4e8c\uff0c\u5206\u7530\u5355\u4f4d\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u4e2d\u592e\u82cf\u533a\u7684\u5206\u7530\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\uff0c\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u4ee5\u4e61\u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d\u8fd8\u662f\u4ee5\u6751\u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d\u8fdb\u884c\u5e73\u5206\u662f\u5f53\u65f6\u653f\u7b56\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7126\u70b9\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u6709\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u653e\u7f6e\u5728\u805a\u65cf\u800c\u5c45\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u793e\u4f1a\u683c\u5c40\u4e0b\u6211\u4eec\u624d\u80fd\u771f\u6b63\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u5728\u300a\u5174\u56fd\u8c03\u67e5\u300b\u8fd9\u6837\u5199\u9053\uff1a\u56db\u4e61\u5747\u4ee5\u6751\u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d\u5206\u914d\u3002\u56e0\u4e61\u5883\u5927\uff0c\u5c71\u5cad\u591a\uff0c\u4e61\u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d\u53bb\u5206\uff0c\u9694\u8fdc\u4e86\uff0c\u4e0d\u597d\u8015\u3002\u519c\u6c11\u5b81\u613f\u5728\u672c\u6751\u5206\u7530\u5c11\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u4e0d\u613f\u79bb\u4e86\u672c\u6751\u8fc1\u5f80\u522b\u6751\uff3b16\uff3d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u201c\u662f\u5426\u4fbf\u5229\u201d\u7684\u8fdc\u8fd1\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u9700\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8d63\u5357\u95fd\u897f\u5730\u533a\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u5355\u59d3\u805a\u5c45\u6751\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u4ee5\u6751\u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u571f\u5730\u5206\u914d\uff0c\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u5b97\u65cf\u5185\u90e8\u8fdb\u884c\u5e73\u5206\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u60f3\u89c1\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ea\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u4e24\u79cd\u7ed3\u5c40\uff1a\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u5b97\u65cf\u5185\u90e8\u7531\u4e8e\u5206\u7530\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u77db\u76fe\u4e0e\u51b2\u7a81\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u5219\u662f\u5206\u7530\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u5f25\u8865\u9636\u7ea7\u5dee\u5f02\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u3002\u5982\u679c\u662f\u4ee5\u4e61\u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d\u5e73\u5206\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4e00\u4e2a\u6751\u5e84\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5355\u59d3\u6751\u800c\u662f\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u59d3\u6c0f\u4e0e\u5b97\u65cf\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u95ee\u9898\u6216\u8bb8\u66f4\u4e3a\u590d\u6742\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u65f6\u5019\u5bf9\u5168\u90e8\u571f\u5730\u7684\u5e73\u5206\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u6f14\u5316\u6210\u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c\u5b97\u65cf\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u77db\u76fe\u4e0e\u4e89\u6597\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

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\u4e94\u3001\u7ed3\u8bed<\/p>\n

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