{"id":54161,"date":"2025-06-13T07:57:36","date_gmt":"2025-06-12T23:57:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/?p=54161"},"modified":"2025-06-13T07:58:36","modified_gmt":"2025-06-12T23:58:36","slug":"%e6%96%af%e5%a4%a7%e6%9e%97%e6%80%8e%e4%b9%88%e7%9c%8b%e5%be%85%e6%96%af%e5%a4%a7%e6%9e%97%e5%b4%87%e6%8b%9c","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/?p=54161","title":{"rendered":"\u65af\u5927\u6797\u600e\u4e48\u770b\u5f85\u201c\u65af\u5927\u6797\u5d07\u62dc\u201d"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u64b0\u6587: \u5f90\u8d32\u00a0 \u00a0 \u6765\u6e90: <\/strong><strong>\u4e1c\u65b9\u5386\u53f2\u8bc4\u8bba<\/strong><\/p>\n<section><\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section>\u65af\u5927\u6797\u6d3b\u7740\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5bf9\u65af\u5927\u6797\u7684\u9886\u8896\u5d07\u62dc\u662f\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u6b63\u5267\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u60c5\u613f\u4e0d\u60c5\u613f\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u626e\u6f14\u7231\u6234\u4ed6\u7684\u7fa4\u4f17\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u5267\u672c\u7684\u4e3b\u89d2\u5f53\u7136\u662f\u65af\u5927\u6797\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u5267\u672c\u6f14\u51fa\u65f6\u53c2\u6f14\u7684\u6f14\u5458\u3002\u6f14\u5458\u65af\u5927\u6797\u548c\u5267\u672c\u4e3b\u89d2\u65af\u5927\u6797\u5e76\u4e0d\u5168\u7136\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2a\u4f53\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u662f\u6709\u8ddd\u79bb\u7684\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4f1a\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u6216\u76f8\u4e92\u77db\u76fe\u3002\u6709\u4e00\u6b21\u65af\u5927\u6797\u7684\u513f\u5b50\u74e6\u897f\u91cc\u5bf9\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u6211\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u65af\u5927\u6797\u201d\u3002\u65af\u5927\u6797\u5bf9\u4ed6\u543c\u9053\uff0c\u201c\u4e0d\uff0c\u4f60\u4e0d\u662f\u2026\u2026\u4f60\u4e0d\u662f\u65af\u5927\u6797\uff0c\u6211\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u65af\u5927\u6797\u3002\u65af\u5927\u6797\u662f\u82cf\u8054\u653f\u6743\u3002\u65af\u5927\u6797\u662f\u90a3\u4e2a\u5728\u62a5\u7eb8\u4e0a\u548c\u753b\u50cf\u91cc\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u4f60\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4e0d\u662f\u6211\u201d\u3002\u00a0\u65af\u5927\u6797\u81ea\u5df1\u5f88\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u4ed6\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4eba\u8ddf\u90a3\u4e2a\u5728\u5b98\u5a92\u4e0a\u88ab\u5d07\u62dc\u7684\u65af\u5927\u6797\u4e0d\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u3002<\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section>\u7531\u4e8e\u5ffd\u89c6\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u65af\u5927\u6797\u7684\u533a\u522b\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c11\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u4f1a\u7528\u5267\u672c\u4e2d\u7684\u65af\u5927\u6797\u6765\u731c\u6d4b\u6f14\u5458\u65af\u5927\u6797\uff0c\u628a\u65af\u5927\u6797\u770b\u6210\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0e\u5217\u5b81\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\uff0c\u84c4\u610f\u5236\u9020\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u4e2a\u4eba\u5d07\u62dc\u7684\u603b\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5e08\u3001\u7b56\u52a8\u8005\u548c\u63a8\u884c\u4eba\u2014\u2014\u4e3a\u4e86\u7a81\u51fa\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u9769\u547d\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u4ed6\u4fee\u6539\u4e86\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u4ed6\u6388\u610f\u5e76\u51c6\u8bb8\u7528\u7535\u5f71\u548c\u6587\u827a\u6765\u7f8e\u5316\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\u3001\u5938\u5f20\u7684\u751f\u65e5\u5e86\u795d\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4e50\u4e0d\u53ef\u652f\u3001\u201c\u5929\u624d\u201d\u548c\u201c\u4eba\u6c11\u4e4b\u7236\u201d\u7684\u963f\u8c00\u9882\u8bcd\u4ee4\u4ed6\u9676\u9189\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u666e\u6797\u65af\u987f\u5927\u5b66\u5386\u53f2\u6559\u6388\u5bb6\u7f57\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u7279\u514b\u5c14\uff08Robert Charles Tucker\uff09\u5728\u300a\u638c\u6743\u7684\u65af\u5927\u6797\u300b\uff08Stalin in Power\uff09\u4e00\u4e66\u91cc\u6240\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u5927\u91cf\u8bc1\u636e\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u65af\u5927\u6797\u9700\u8981\u7528\u5d07\u62dc\u6765\u652f\u6491\u4ed6\u7684\u6743\u529b\u548c\u7cbe\u795e\uff08psyche\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u6e34\u671b\u5f97\u5230\u5217\u5b81\u6240\u538c\u6076\u7684\u90a3\u79cd\u82f1\u96c4\u5d07\u62dc\u201d\u3002<\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section><img src=\"https:\/\/i03piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/5690f8fe304a5fca\" \/><\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section>\u65af\u5927\u6797<\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section>\u82f1\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u838e\u62c9\u00b7\u6234\u7ef4\u65af\uff08Sarah Davis\uff09\u5728\u89e3\u5bc6\u7684\u82cf\u8054\u6863\u6848\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u65af\u5927\u6797\u672c\u4eba\u5bf9\u4e2a\u4eba\u5d07\u62dc\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u8981\u6bd4\u4eba\u4eec\u4e00\u822c\u6240\u60f3\u7684\u8981\u66a7\u6627\u548c\u590d\u6742\u5f97\u591a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0e\u6234\u7ef4\u65af\u5bf9\u590d\u6742\u4e14\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u82cf\u8054\u6c11\u60c5\u7814\u7a76\u7ed3\u679c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u3002\u4e13\u5236\u7edf\u6cbb\u4e0b\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u662f\u9ed1\u767d\u5206\u660e\u7684\uff0c\u8c01\u90fd\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u4fdd\u6301\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u81ea\u6211\uff0c\u8fde\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u72ec\u88c1\u8005\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f8b\u5916\u3002\u6bd4\u8d77\u5267\u672c\u4e3b\u89d2\u65af\u5927\u6797\uff0c\u6234\u7ef4\u65af\u66f4\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u662f\u6f14\u5458\u65af\u5927\u6797\u53ca\u5176\u5bf9\u4e2a\u4eba\u5d07\u62dc\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u548c\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u5979\u5728\u300a\u65af\u5927\u6797\u548c1930\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u9886\u8896\u5d07\u62dc\u5236\u4f5c\u300b\uff08\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7b80\u79f0\u300a\u5236\u4f5c\u5d07\u62dc\u300b\uff09\u4e00\u6587\u4e2d\u5bf9\u6b64\u4f5c\u4e86\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u5206\u6790\u3002\u00a0<\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section>1\u3001<strong>\u534a\u63a8\u534a\u5c31\u7684\u65af\u5927\u6797<\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section>\u6234\u7ef4\u65af\u4f9d\u636e\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u65af\u5927\u6797\u4eb2\u8fd1\u8005\u7684\u8bc1\u8bcd\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u66fe\u7ecf\u662f\u65af\u5927\u6797\u5973\u5a7f\u7684\u5c24\u91cc\u00b7\u65e5\u4e39\u8bfa\u592b\uff08\u653f\u6cbb\u5c40\u59d4\u5458\u65e5\u4e39\u8bfa\u592b\u7684\u513f\u5b50\uff09\u56de\u5fc6\u8bf4\uff0c\u65af\u5927\u6797\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u8c26\u865a\u7684\u4eba\u201d\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u65af\u5927\u6797\u624b\u91cc\u62ff\u7740\u4e00\u4efd\u6b4c\u9882\u4ed6\u7684\u300a\u771f\u7406\u62a5\u300b\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u5c51\u5730\u968f\u624b\u4e00\u5377\uff0c\u4e22\u8fdb\u4e86\u6811\u4e1b\u91cc\u3002\u83ab\u6d1b\u6258\u592b\u4e5f\u56de\u5fc6\u8bf4\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e2a\u4eba\u5d07\u62dc\u201c\u65af\u5927\u6797\u5f00\u59cb\u4e0d\u80fd\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u662f\u540e\u6765\u624d\u559c\u6b22\u4e0a\u7684\u201d\u3002\u6234\u7ef4\u65af\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u8bc1\u5b9e\u8fd9\u7c7b\u6750\u6599\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u4e0d\u592a\u53ef\u80fd\u77e5\u9053\u65af\u5927\u6797\u5bf9\u4e2a\u4eba\u5d07\u62dc\u7684\u2018\u771f\u5b9e\u6001\u5ea6\u2019\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u600e\u6837\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u6587\u732e\u8d44\u6599\u4e2d\u91cd\u6784\u65af\u5927\u6797\u5bf9\u4e2a\u4eba\u5d07\u62dc\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u516c\u5f00\u53cd\u5e94\u201d\u3002\uff08\u300a\u5236\u4f5c\u5d07\u62dc\u300b30\uff09\u5979\u7528\u7684\u6750\u6599\u5927\u591a\u6765\u81ea\u201c\u793e\u4f1a-\u653f\u6cbb\u53f2\u4fc4\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u6863\u6848\u201d\uff08The Russian State Archive of Socio-Political History\uff0cRGASPI)\u7684\u65af\u5927\u6797\u5377\u5b97\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6750\u6599\u5e76\u4e0d\u4ee3\u8868\u771f\u76f8\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u662f\u91cd\u6784\u771f\u76f8\u6240\u4e0d\u53ef\u7f3a\u5c11\u7684\u3002<\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section>\u4ece\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u6863\u6848\u6750\u6599\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u65af\u5927\u6797\u5e76\u4e0d\u5168\u7136\u70ed\u8877\u4e8e\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4e2a\u4eba\u5d07\u62dc\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u4e0d\u62d2\u7edd\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u91c7\u53d6\u4e00\u79cd\u534a\u63a8\u534a\u5c31\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u65e2\u8ba9\u5b83\u987a\u5176\u81ea\u7136\u5730\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u53c8\u5bf9\u5b83\u7684\u4e0d\u7eaf\u52a8\u56e0\u548c\u4e0d\u826f\u540e\u679c\u6709\u6240\u6212\u5907\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u65e2\u5728\u610f\u9a6c\u5217\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u53c8\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u653f\u6cbb\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u8003\u91cf\u3002\u4ed6\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u5f88\u8c28\u614e\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f88\u7cbe\u660e\u5730\u7ecf\u8425\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u826f\u597d\u5f62\u8c61\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u4e09\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u6765\u770b\uff1a\u4e00\u3001\u4ed6\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u5d07\u62dc\u4e0e\u9a6c\u5217\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0d\u7b26\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e00\u76f4\u6709\u6240\u987e\u5fcc\uff1b\u4e8c\u3001\u4ed6\u4e5f\u5f88\u660e\u767d\uff0c\u6709\u4eba\u5728\u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e2a\u4eba\u5d07\u62dc\u8fbe\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd9\u79cd\u5d07\u62dc\u4f1a\u6709\u4e8b\u4e0e\u613f\u8fdd\u7684\u9ad8\u7ea7\u9ed1\u6548\u679c\uff1b\u4e09\u3001\u4e2a\u4eba\u5d07\u62dc\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u52a8\u5458\u611a\u6627\u7684\u7fa4\u4f17\uff0c\u800c\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e0d\u60c5\u613f\u59ff\u6001\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u8003\u9a8c\u624b\u4e0b\u4eba\u7684\u5fe0\u8bda\u3002<\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section>\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u65af\u5927\u6797\u627f\u8ba4\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u5d07\u62dc\u5e76\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u6b63\u7edf\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u5217\u5b81\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u3002\u6b63\u7edf\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u666e\u5217\u6c49\u8bfa\u592b\u65e9\u5c31\u660e\u786e\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u5e7f\u5927\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u529b\u91cf\u800c\u53d8\u5f97\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002\u65af\u5927\u6797\u4e86\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u201c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u5219\u4f7f\u65af\u5927\u6797\u8c34\u8d23\u2018\u4e2a\u4eba\u5d07\u62dc\u2019\uff0c\u4e0d\u8d5e\u540c\u9882\u626c\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\u4e2a\u4eba\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7a81\u51fa\u4ed6\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u4e1a\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u3002\u65af\u5927\u6797\u65e0\u7591\u77e5\u9053\u5d07\u62dc\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6548\u76ca\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u5e76\u4e0d\u63d0\u8fd9\u4e2a\u3002\u4ed6\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u8c08\u5230\u53f7\u53ec\u2018\u843d\u540e\u2019\u7fa4\u4f17\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u624d\u95f4\u63a5\u63d0\u5230\u201d\u3002\uff08\u300a\u5236\u4f5c\u5d07\u62dc\u300b30\uff09<\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section><img src=\"https:\/\/i01piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/1d7f5f5bf34a6d9f\" \/><\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section>\u666e\u5217\u6c49\u8bfa\u592b<\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section>\u65af\u5927\u6797\u80fd\u5f88\u5de7\u5999\u5730\u7528\u9a6c\u5217\u4e3b\u4e49\u6765\u91cd\u65b0\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u9769\u547d\u9886\u8896\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4f7f\u7a81\u51fa\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e0d\u4f46\u4e0d\u8fdd\u80cc\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u7b26\u5408\u9a6c\u5217\u539f\u5219\u3002\u4ed6\u662f\u4ece\u82f1\u96c4\u5d07\u62dc\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u8bf4\u660e\u7684\uff0c\u201c\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e00\u70b9\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5426\u8ba4\u6770\u51fa\u4eba\u7269\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5426\u8ba4\u5386\u53f2\u662f\u7531\u4eba\u6c11\u521b\u9020\u7684\u3002\u2026\u2026\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u4eba\u6c11\u521b\u9020\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0d\u662f\u51ed\u501f\u5947\u601d\u602a\u60f3\u3002\u2026\u2026\u6bcf\u4e00\u4ee3\u4eba\u90fd\u662f\u5904\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u3002\u2026\u2026\u4f1f\u5927\u4eba\u7269\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u5728\u4e8e\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u4e8e\u4ed6\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u6b63\u786e\u5730\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u61c2\u5f97\u5982\u4f55\u6539\u53d8\u8fd9\u4e2a\u73af\u5883\u3002\u2026\u2026\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u4ece\u6765\u6ca1\u6709\u5426\u5b9a\u82f1\u96c4\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u6b63\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u8ba4\u4e3a\u82f1\u96c4\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u4fdd\u7559\u201d\u3002\u00a0<\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section>1930\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u65af\u5927\u6797\u5c61\u6b21\u5728\u8bb2\u8bdd\u4e2d\u6de1\u5316\u9886\u8896\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u66f4\u5e7f\u5927\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u529b\u91cf\u30021933\u5e742\u6708\u4ed6\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u96c6\u4f53\u519c\u5e84\u52b3\u52a8\u6a21\u8303\u4ee3\u8868\u5927\u4f1a\u4e0a\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u628a\u9886\u5bfc\u540c\u5fd7\u5f53\u4f5c\u5386\u53f2\u521b\u9020\u8005\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\u5df2\u7ecf\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e86\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u662f\u52b3\u52a8\u4eba\u6c11\u521b\u9020\u7684\u30021935\u5e745\u6708\u4ed6\u5728\u5bf9\u7ea2\u519b\u5927\u5b66\u6bd5\u4e1a\u751f\u8bb2\u8bdd\u65f6\u8868\u8fbe\u4e86\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u30021937\u5e7410\u6708\u7684\u4e00\u6b21\u52b3\u52a8\u6a21\u8303\u4ee3\u8868\u5927\u4f1a\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e0d\u65ad\u6709\u4eba\u4e3a\u9886\u5bfc\u540c\u5fd7\u795d\u9152\uff0c\u65af\u5927\u6797\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u8fd9\u5f53\u7136\u4e0d\u574f\uff0c\u4f46\u9664\u4e86\u5927\u5e72\u90e8\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e2d\u5e72\u90e8\u548c\u5c0f\u5e72\u90e8\u201d\u3002\u4ed6\u7136\u540e\u53c8\u8bf4\uff0c\u5e72\u90e8\u8981\u5f97\u5230\u7fa4\u4f17\u7684\u4fe1\u4efb\u624d\u884c\uff0c\u201c\u5e72\u90e8\u6765\u4e86\u53c8\u8d70\u4e86\uff0c\u7fa4\u4f17\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u201d\u3002\uff08\u300a\u5236\u4f5c\u5d07\u62dc\u300b30-31\uff09<\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section>\u65af\u5927\u6797\u5f53\u7136\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5426\u5b9a\u4f1f\u5927\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5217\u5b81\u662f\u4ed6\u5e38\u7528\u6765\u8bc1\u660e\u4f1f\u4eba\u5386\u53f2\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u57c3\u7c73\u5c14\u00b7\u8def\u5fb7\u7ef4\u5e0c\uff08Emil Ludwig\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u4ee5\u5199\u4f1f\u4eba\u4f20\u8bb0\u51fa\u540d\u7684\u5fb7\u56fd-\u745e\u58eb\u4f5c\u5bb6\uff0c1931\u5e74\u5728\u4e0e\u65af\u5927\u6797\u7684\u4e00\u6b21\u4ea4\u8c08\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u628a\u65af\u5927\u6797\u4e0e\u5f7c\u5f97\u5927\u5e1d\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u65af\u5927\u6797\u8868\u793a\u4e0d\u8d5e\u540c\u3002\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u4e0d\u80fd\u8ddf\u5f7c\u5f97\u5927\u5e1d\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u4f46\u5217\u5b81\u53ef\u4ee5\uff0c\u5217\u5b81\u662f\u5927\u6d77\uff0c\u800c\u5f7c\u5f97\u5927\u5e1d\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u6ca7\u6d77\u4e00\u7c9f\u7f62\u4e86\u3002\u8def\u5fb7\u7ef4\u683c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4f1f\u4eba\u89c2\u70b9\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u552f\u7269\u4e3b\u4e49\u5bf9\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\uff0c\u65af\u5927\u6797\u53cd\u9a73\u9053\uff0c\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u6ca1\u6709\u5426\u5b9a\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u662f\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u73af\u5883\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u624d\u80fd\u8d77\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u4f1f\u4eba\u662f\u90a3\u79cd\u61c2\u5f97\u7279\u5b9a\u73af\u5883\u5e76\u80fd\u6539\u53d8\u7279\u5b9a\u73af\u5883\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u3002\uff08\u300a\u5236\u4f5c\u5d07\u62dc\u300b31\uff09<\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section>\u65af\u5927\u6797\u975e\u5e38\u5728\u610f\u7528\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u548c\u5f3a\u8c03\u4f1f\u5927\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u4ed6\u8fd8\u7528\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u80fd\u591f\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u672c\u6765\u4e0d\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u4eba\u53d8\u5f97\u4f1f\u5927\u8d77\u6765\u30021937\u5e74\u5e86\u795d10\u6708\u9769\u547d20\u5468\u5e74\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u5c40\u6210\u5458\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u805a\u4f1a\uff0c\u5230\u573a\u7684\u8fd8\u6709\u5171\u4ea7\u56fd\u9645\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u8fea\u7c73\u7279\u6d1b\u592b\uff08G. Dimitrov\uff09\u3002\u8fea\u7c73\u7279\u6d1b\u592b\u79f0\u9882\u5217\u5b81\u7684\u4f1f\u5927\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u5217\u5b81\u6709\u65af\u5927\u6797\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7ee7\u627f\u4eba\uff0c\u771f\u662f\u5e78\u8fd0\uff0c\u968f\u5373\u53c8\u5411\u65af\u5927\u6797\u656c\u9152\u3002\u65af\u5927\u6797\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u515a\u5185\u4e5f\u662f\u6709\u53cd\u5bf9\u8005\u7684\uff0c\u53cd\u5bf9\u8005\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e0d\u80fd\u9075\u4ece\u7fa4\u4f17\u7684\u610f\u613f\u3002\u65af\u5927\u6797\u4e00\u53cd\u5f53\u65f6\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u8bf4\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u5217\u5b81\u901d\u4e16\u65f6\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0e\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u3001\u5e03\u54c8\u6797\u3001\u5b63\u8bfa\u7ef4\u4e5f\u592b\u4ed6\u4eec\u76f8\u63d0\u5e76\u8bba\u7684\u4eba\u7269\u3002\u4ed6\u627f\u8ba4\uff0c\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eec\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6f14\u8bf4\u624d\u80fd\u5f88\u5dee\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u80fd\u591f\u6218\u80dc\u4ed6\u4eec\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u4eba\u6c11\u7fa4\u4f17\u7684\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u800c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5219\u80cc\u53db\u4e86\u4eba\u6c11\u7fa4\u4f17\u3002\uff08\u300a\u5236\u4f5c\u5d07\u62dc\u300b31-32\uff09\u65af\u5927\u6797\u7528\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u8bdd\u8bed\u4e0d\u4ec5\u7a81\u51fa\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4f1f\u4eba\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u4ee5\u6b64\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u4ed6\u6253\u51fb\u653f\u6cbb\u5bf9\u624b\u7684\u5408\u7406\u6027\u548c\u6b63\u5f53\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u7cbe\u660e\u7684\u3002<\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section><img src=\"https:\/\/i03piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/d4d21700bebdba69\" \/><\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section>\u5217\u5b81\uff08\u5de6\uff09\u4e0e\u65af\u5927\u6797<\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section>\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u65af\u5927\u6797\u5f88\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u4eba\u70ed\u8877\u4e8e\u5bf9\u4ed6\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u5d07\u62dc\uff0c\u90a3\u662f\u522b\u6709\u7528\u5fc3\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u662f\u53e6\u6709\u6240\u56fe\u30021939\u5e74\u4e94\u4e00\u52b3\u52a8\u8282\uff0c\u5171\u4ea7\u56fd\u9645\u7684\u53e3\u53f7\u662f\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u65af\u5927\u6797\u4e07\u5c81\uff0c\u65af\u5927\u6797\u5c31\u662f\u548c\u5e73\uff0c\u65af\u5927\u6797\u5c31\u662f\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u65af\u5927\u6797\u5c31\u662f\u80dc\u5229\u201d\u3002\u65af\u5927\u6797\u5f88\u4e0d\u9ad8\u5174\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u6000\u7591\u5171\u4ea7\u56fd\u9645\u7684\u79d8\u4e66\u66fc\u7ebd\u5c14\u65af\u57fa\uff08D. Manuilskii\uff09\u6709\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u6d3e\u7684\u5acc\u7591\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u9760\uff0c\u662f\u4e2a\u201c\u9a6c\u5c41\u7cbe\u201d\uff08toady\uff09\uff0c\u662f\u5728\u660e\u6367\u6697\u635f\u4ed6\u30021940\u5e74\uff0c\u65af\u5927\u6797\u5bf9\u96c5\u7f57\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u65af\u57fa\uff08E. M. Yaroslavskii\uff09\u53d1\u96be\uff0c\u6307\u8d23\u4ed6\u5bf9\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u7684\u5439\u6367\u201c\u592a\u8fc7\u5206\uff0c\u4ee4\u4eba\u4f5c\u5455\u201d\u3002\u7f18\u7531\u662f\u4ed6\u4e3b\u7f16\u7684\u300a\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u5386\u53f2\u300b\uff08Istorik-Marksist\uff09\u6742\u5fd7\u4e0a\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u300a1907-08\u5e74\u65af\u5927\u6797\u9886\u5bfc\u5df4\u5e93\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u548c\u5de5\u4eba\u6597\u4e89\u300b\uff081940\u5e741\u6708\uff09\u3002\u6587\u7ae0\u8d5e\u9882\u65af\u5927\u6797\u548c\u4f0f\u7f57\u5e0c\u6d1b\u592b\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u540e\u6765\u6709\u4eba\u5199\u4fe1\u7ed9\u82cf\u5171\u653f\u6cbb\u5c40\uff0c\u63ed\u53d1\u6587\u7ae0\u4e25\u91cd\u5931\u5b9e\u3002\u65af\u5927\u6797\u4e8e4\u670829\u65e5\u5bf9\u6b64\u4f5c\u4e86\u6279\u793a\uff0c\u6279\u8bc4\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u548c\u4f0f\u7f57\u5e0c\u6d1b\u592b\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u6709\u76ee\u5171\u7779\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8fd9\u79cd\u6587\u7ae0\u6765\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u8d34\u91d1\u3002<\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section>\u65af\u5927\u6797\u5199\u9053\uff0c\u201c\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u60f3\u5347\u5b98\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u548c\u62a5\u9053\u4eba\u2026\u2026\u662f\u60f3\u7528\u8089\u9ebb\u5439\u6367\u515a\u548c\u653f\u5e9c\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u6765\u62ac\u9ad8\u81ea\u5df1\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u6743\u5229\u5728\u4eba\u6c11\u4e2d\u57f9\u517b\u8fd9\u79cd\u5974\u6027\u548c\u8c04\u5a9a\u5417\uff1f\u663e\u7136\u6ca1\u6709\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u4e49\u52a1\u8981\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4eba\u6c11\u4e2d\u6839\u7edd\u8fd9\u79cd\u65e0\u803b\u7684\u5974\u6027\u3002\u2026\u2026\u8c04\u5a9a\u4e0e\u79d1\u5b66\u5386\u53f2\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u9053\u800c\u9a70\u7684\u201d\u3002\uff08\u300a\u5236\u4f5c\u5d07\u62dc\u300b34-35\uff09\u4ed6\u5f88\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5185\u5bb9\u4e0d\u5b9e\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u53ea\u80fd\u5e2e\u5012\u5fd9\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u9ad8\u7ea7\u9ed1\u3002<\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section>2\u3001<strong>\u5d07\u62dc\u63d0\u4f9b\u201c\u5929\u771f\u7684\u5feb\u4e50\u201d<\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section>\u00a0<\/section>\n<section>1937\u5e74\uff0c\u65af\u5927\u6797\u6709\u4e00\u6b21\u4e0e\u5fb7\u56fd\u8457\u540d\u4f5c\u5bb6\u5229\u7fc1\u00b7\u798f\u4f0a\u5e0c\u7279\u4e07\u683c\uff08Leon Feuchtwanger\uff09\u4ea4\u8c08\u3002\u65af\u5927\u6797\u544a\u8bc9\u4ed6\u7684\u5ba2\u4eba\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u5bb9\u5fcd\u4e2a\u4eba\u5d07\u62dc\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u80fd\u8ba9\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u4eab\u53d7\u5230\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u5929\u771f\u7684\u5feb\u4e50\u201d\u3002\u4ed6\u6279\u8bc4\u9053\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u4e2a\u4eba\u5d07\u62dc\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u201c\u4e0d\u6070\u5f53\u201d\u7684\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e00\u6b21\u5728\u4f26\u52c3\u6717\u753b\u5c55\u4e0a\uff0c\u6709\u4eba\u628a\u65af\u5927\u6797\u7684\u8096\u50cf\u753b\u4e5f\u6302\u4e0a\u4e86\u3002\u65af\u5927\u6797\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u90a3\u662f\u5b58\u5fc3\u4e0d\u826f\u7684\u4eba\u5e72\u7684\uff0c\u201c\u4ee5\u8fc7\u5206\u7684\u70ed\u60c5\u8868\u793a\u70ed\u7231\u201d\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u5728\u5e2e\u5012\u5fd9\u3002\u00a0\u8bb8\u591a\u9a6c\u5c41\u548c\u8ba8\u597d\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u53d8\u6210\u4f4e\u7ea7\u7ea2\u3001\u9ad8\u7ea7\u9ed1\u7684\u3002<\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/i03piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/80e2dbcf344434e6\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u5229\u7fc1\u00b7\u798f\u4f0a\u5e0c\u7279\u4e07\u683c<\/p>\n<section><\/section>\n<section>\u65af\u5927\u6797\u8fd8\u6279\u8bc4\u82cf\u8054\u4e2a\u4eba\u5d07\u62dc\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u663e\u8457\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u4ed6\u5728\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\u8bb2\u8bdd\u65f6\u603b\u662f\u6709\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u9f13\u638c\u3002\u65af\u5927\u6797\u6279\u8bc4\u8bf4\uff0c\u90a3\u662f\u628a\u9f13\u638c\u770b\u5f97\u6bd4\u542c\u4ed6\u7684\u8bb2\u8bdd\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u30021932\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u6b21\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\u4ed6\u95ee\u9053\uff0c\u201c\u4f60\u4eec\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u9f13\u638c\uff1f\u2026\u2026\u4f60\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u89c9\u5f97\u7f9e\u803b\u201d\u30021934\u5e746\u6708\uff0c\u4e3b\u6301\u4eba\u521a\u521a\u4ecb\u7ecd\u65af\u5927\u6797\u5165\u573a\uff0c\u4fbf\u53c8\u54cd\u8d77\u4e86\u66b4\u98ce\u96e8\u822c\u7684\u9f13\u638c\u548c\u6b22\u547c\u3002\u65af\u5927\u6797\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u6709\u4eba\u60f3\u628a\u4e25\u8083\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u53d8\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u73a9\u7b11\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u62fc\u547d\u9f13\u638c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u603b\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u201d\u3002\u4ed6\u53c8\u63a5\u7740\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u4f60\u4eec\u5bf9\u9886\u5bfc\u662f\u597d\u610f\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u7528\u6b22\u8fce\u7684\u638c\u58f0\u628a\u9886\u5bfc\u7ed9\u5bb3\u4e86\uff0c\u2026\u2026\u6211\u4eec\u88ab\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u5305\u56f4\uff0c\u88ab\u654c\u4eba\u5305\u56f4\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u6bd4\u6211\u4eec\u66f4\u6587\u660e\uff0c\u66f4\u6709\u6559\u517b\u201d\u3002\u4ed6\u8fd8\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5949\u627f\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u98ce\u6c14\u4e0d\u5229\u4e8e\u6559\u80b2\u515a\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u9752\u5e74\u5e72\u90e8\uff0c\u53ea\u4f1a\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u517b\u6210\u9760\u62cd\u9a6c\u5c41\u5347\u5b98\u548c\u8ba8\u597d\u4e0a\u7ea7\u7684\u574f\u6bdb\u75c5\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u865a\u5047\u548c\u5584\u4e8e\u4f2a\u88c5\u7684\u5351\u9119\u5c0f\u4eba\u3002\uff0834-35\uff09<\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section>\u65af\u5927\u6797\u5f53\u7136\u4e0d\u613f\u610f\u627f\u8ba4\uff0c\u517b\u6210\u5351\u9119\u5c0f\u4eba\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u9f13\u638c\u548c\u6b22\u547c\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u90a3\u4e2a\u4ee5\u4ed6\u4e3a\u9996\u7684\u4e13\u5236\u72ec\u88c1\u5236\u5ea6\u3002\u9f13\u638c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u653f\u6cbb\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u516c\u5f00\u8868\u6001\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u63a7\u5236\u4f17\u4eba\u5728\u516c\u5f00\u573a\u5408\u8868\u73b0\u56e2\u7ed3\u4e00\u81f4\u3001\u70ed\u70c8\u62e5\u62a4\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u524d\u82cf\u8054\u4f5c\u5bb6\u7d22\u5c14\u4ec1\u5c3c\u7434\u5728\u300a\u53e4\u62c9\u683c\u7fa4\u5c9b\u300b\u4e2d\u8bf4\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e48\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u57ce\u53ec\u5f00\u653f\u6cbb\u4f1a\u8bae\uff0c\u5f53\u5730\u8981\u4eba\u4eec\u5747\u53c2\u52a0\u4f1a\u8bae\u3002\u4fbf\u8863\u8b66\u5bdf\u50cf\u4ee5\u5f80\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u6e17\u5165\u4e86\u5927\u5385\u91cc\u7fa4\u4f17\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u4f17\u591a\u7684\u6f14\u8bb2\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u8fdb\u5165\u665a\u4f1a\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u6f6e\u2014\u2014\u6b4c\u9882\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u7684\u4f1f\u5927\u9886\u8896\u65af\u5927\u6797\u3002\u6b4c\u9882\u5b8c\u6bd5\u3002\u5168\u4f53\u8d77\u7acb\uff0c\u70ed\u70c8\u9f13\u638c\uff0c\u638c\u58f0\u6301\u7eed\u4e86\u4e09\u56db\u5206\u949f\u8fd8\u4e0d\u505c\u6b47\u3002\u4eba\u4eba\u90fd\u77e5\u9053\u7955\u5bc6\u8b66\u5bdf\u5728\u76d1\u89c6\u8c01\u5148\u505c\u6b62\u9f13\u638c\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u516d\u5206\u949f\uff0c\u516b\u5206\u949f\u2026\u2026\u638c\u58f0\u8fd8\u5728\u7ee7\u7eed\uff0c\u8001\u5e74\u4eba\u7684\u5fc3\u810f\u8df3\u5f97\u5389\u5bb3\u3002\u4e5d\u5206\u949f\uff0c\u5341\u5206\u949f\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e86\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u5bb3\u6015\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u6ca1\u4eba\u77e5\u9053\u8fd9\u60c5\u5f62\u5982\u4f55\u7ed3\u675f\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\uff0c\u4e00\u4f4d\u5750\u5728\u8bb2\u53f0\u4e0a\u7684\u9020\u7eb8\u5382\u5382\u957f\u9f13\u8d77\u4e86\u52c7\u6c14\uff0c\u505c\u6b62\u9f13\u638c\uff0c\u5750\u4e0b\u3002\u597d\u50cf\u53d1\u751f\u5947\u8ff9\u4f3c\u7684\uff0c\u5b81\u9759\u964d\u843d\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u5927\u5385\u5185\uff1a\u73b0\u5728\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u9f13\u638c\u4e86\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u5982\u4ece\u6076\u68a6\u4e2d\u9192\u4e86\u8fc7\u6765\u3002\u4e00\u661f\u671f\u540e\uff0c\u9020\u7eb8\u5382\u5382\u4e3b\u4ee5\u73a9\u5ffd\u804c\u8d23\u7684\u7f6a\u540d\u88ab\u6355\uff0c\u5224\u76d1\u7981\u5341\u5e74\u3002\u5ba1\u5224\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u6cd5\u5b98\u8d70\u8fc7\u4ed6\u8eab\u8fb9\u65f6\uff0c\u5bf9\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u4e0b\u6b21\u5f53\u6d89\u53ca\u65af\u5927\u6797\u65f6\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u8981\u5c0f\u5fc3\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u7387\u5148\u505c\u6b62\u9f13\u638c\u201d\u3002\u00a0\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u8868\u6f14\u6027\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4eea\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u7528\u9f13\u638c\u6765\u8868\u6f14\u5bf9\u9886\u8896\u7684\u7edd\u5bf9\u5fe0\u8bda\uff0c\u5728\u5b83\u7684\u80cc\u540e\u5219\u9690\u85cf\u7740\u6781\u7aef\u7684\u6050\u60e7\u548c\u4e0d\u4fe1\u4efb\u3002<\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section><img src=\"https:\/\/i03piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/8cff018e4c15fc23\" \/><\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section>\u7d22\u5c14\u4ec1\u5c3c\u7434<\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section>\u6781\u6743\u9700\u8981\u6709\u5351\u9119\u5c0f\u4eba\u6765\u4e3a\u516c\u4f17\u4f5c\u51fa\u70ed\u7231\u548c\u670d\u4ece\u4e13\u5236\u72ec\u88c1\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u793a\u8303\uff0c\u72ec\u88c1\u8005\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u4e5f\u4f1a\u9119\u89c6\u5351\u9119\u5c0f\u4eba\uff0c\u4f46\u7edd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u9119\u89c6\u4ed6\u4eec\u800c\u8fdc\u79bb\u6216\u629b\u5f03\u4ed6\u4eec\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u4ed6\u9700\u8981\u7684\u6b63\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u8fde\u4e3b\u5b50\u7684\u9119\u89c6\u90fd\u4e0d\u5728\u4e4e\u7684\u5351\u9119\u5c0f\u4eba\uff0c\u8d8a\u662f\u5351\u9119\u7684\u5c0f\u4eba\uff0c\u624d\u8d8a\u662f\u6743\u529b\u53ef\u4ee5\u65b9\u4fbf\u9a71\u4f7f\u7684\u8d70\u72d7\u3001\u9e70\u72ac\u548c\u5974\u624d\u3002<\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section>\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u65af\u5927\u6797\u77e5\u9053\u4e2a\u4eba\u5d07\u62dc\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u611a\u8822\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4e0d\u4f1a\u9009\u62e9\u653e\u5f03\u6216\u963b\u6b62\u5bf9\u4ed6\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u5d07\u62dc\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u90a3\u5bf9\u4ed6\u6709\u7528\u3002\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u6234\u7ef4\u00b7\u5e03\u5170\u767b\u8d1d\u683c\u5c14\uff08David Brandenberger\uff09\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u65af\u5927\u6797\u4e3a\u4e86\u52a8\u5458\u4fc4\u56fd\u611a\u6627\u7684\u7fa4\u4f17\uff0c\u628a\u4e2a\u4eba\u5d07\u62dc\u4e0e\u4fc4\u56fd\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8bba\u548c\u6c11\u7cb9\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e00\u8d77\u7528\u4f5c\u7cbe\u795e\u6b66\u5668\u3002\u00a0\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u7c73\u52d2(F. Miller)\u5219\u628a\u4e2a\u4eba\u5d07\u62dc\u5f53\u4f5c\u4e3a\u65af\u5927\u6797\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u201c\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u201d\u6216\u201c\u4f2a\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u201d\u3002\u00a0\u65af\u5927\u6797\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5728\u6559\u80b2\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5f88\u5dee\u7684\u82cf\u8054\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u5d07\u62dc\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6743\u672f\u3002\u82cf\u8054\u6b4c\u5531\u5bb6\u739b\u4e3d\u4e9a\u00b7\u65af\u74e6\u5c3c\u6cfd\uff08Maria A. Svanidze\uff09\u662f\u65af\u5927\u6797\u5f88\u4eb2\u8fd1\u7684\u4eb2\u621a\uff0c1937\u5e7412\u6708\u88ab\u6355\uff0c1942\u5e743\u67083\u65e5\u88ab\u67aa\u51b3\uff0c\u5979\u5728\u65e5\u8bb0\u91cc\u4e24\u6b21\u63d0\u5230\u65af\u5927\u6797\u5bf9\u4fc4\u56fd\u4eba\u6c99\u7687\u5d07\u62dc\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\uff081935\u5e744\u670822\u65e5\u548c5\u67089\u65e5\uff09\u3002\u4e00\u6b21\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u6c11\u4f17\u5bf9\u4ed6\u6b22\u547c\uff0c\u662f\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4f4d\u6c99\u7687\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u67d0\u4e2a\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5d07\u62dc\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u4ed6\u7684\u540d\u4e49\u6765\u751f\u6d3b\u548c\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u4eba\u201d\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u6b21\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff0c\u4eba\u6c11\u5fc3\u7075\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u8ff7\u604b\u201d\uff08fetishism\uff09\u9700\u8981\u6709\u4e00\u4f4d\u6c99\u7687\u3002\u00a0\u65af\u5927\u6797\u628a\u4e2a\u4eba\u5d07\u62dc\u770b\u4f5c\u4fc4\u56fd\u4f20\u7edf\u611a\u6c11\u9700\u8981\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u81f4\u5e7b\u5242\uff0c\u662f\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u7248\u7684\u6c99\u7687\u5d07\u62dc\uff0c\u65e2\u7136\u5bf9\u4ed6\u6709\u7528\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u4e0d\u4f1a\u62d2\u7edd\u3002<\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section><img src=\"https:\/\/i02piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/e2560ab9ea4b5741\" \/><\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section>\u739b\u4e3d\u4e9a\u00b7\u65af\u74e6\u5c3c\u6cfd<\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section>\u65af\u5927\u6797\u5728\u4e2a\u4eba\u5d07\u62dc\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u5e76\u4e0d\u907f\u8bb3\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u529f\u5229\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u72ac\u5112\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u4ed6\u6700\u4eb2\u5bc6\u7684\u540c\u50da\u4e5f\u5927\u591a\u5fc3\u7167\u4e0d\u5ba3\u3002\u5e03\u9c81\u514b\u65af\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u201c\u65af\u5927\u6797\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u5708\u5185\u4eba\u770b\u4e0d\u8d77\u519c\u6c11\u548c\u519c\u6c11\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff0c\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u79d8\u5bc6\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6240\u4f5c\u6240\u4e3a\u6216\u8bb8\u53ea\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u6ee1\u8db3\u90a3\u4e9b\u65e0\u77e5\u7684\u57fa\u5c42\u5e72\u90e8\u6216\u652f\u6301\u8005\u7684\u67d0\u79cd\u671f\u671b\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5217\u5b81\u7684\u9057\u5b40\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u53cd\u5bf9\u5217\u5b81\u5d07\u62dc\u548c\u4fdd\u5b58\u5217\u5b81\u9057\u4f53\u3002\u4f46\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u4eec\u8fd8\u662f\u8fd9\u4e48\u505a\u4e86\u201d\u3002\u636e\u8bf4\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u65af\u5927\u6797\u7684\u610f\u89c1\u662f\uff0c\u201c\u8981\u5c0a\u91cd\u4fc4\u56fd\u4eba\u70ed\u7231\u548c\u5c0a\u5d07\u6b7b\u8005\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u89c2\u5ff5\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u201c\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u4e0d\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e61\u4e0b\u540c\u5fd7\u4eec\u5931\u671b\u201d\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u5d07\u62dc\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u601d\u60f3\u704c\u8f93\u548c\u5b98\u65b9\u5ba3\u4f20\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u81ea\u4e0b\u800c\u4e0a\u7684\u6c11\u4f17\u613f\u671b\u6240\u81f4\u3002\u5728\u957f\u671f\u4e13\u5236\u5bfc\u81f4\u4eba\u6c11\u666e\u904d\u611a\u6627\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u91cc\uff0c\u9886\u8896\u7279\u522b\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u5d07\u62dc\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u6709\u5927\u8303\u56f4\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5728\u82cf\u8054\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u00a0<\/section>\n<section>\u00a0<\/section>\n<section>\n<section>3\u3001<strong>\u201c\u5929\u771f\u7684\u541b\u4e3b\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d<\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section>\u00a0<\/section>\n<section>\u65af\u5927\u6797\u5f88\u6e05\u695a\u5d07\u62dc\u548c\u611a\u6627\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u4e0e\u798f\u4f0a\u5e0c\u7279\u4e07\u683c\u7684\u4ea4\u8c08\u4e2d\u8c08\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u798f\u4f0a\u5e0c\u7279\u4e07\u683c\u5728\u300a\u83ab\u65af\u79d11937\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u91cc\u5bf9\u6b64\u6709\u7b80\u7565\u7684\u8bb0\u53d9\uff0c\u6234\u7ef4\u65af\u5728\u82cf\u8054\u6863\u6848\u91cc\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u66f4\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002\u798f\u4f0a\u5e0c\u7279\u4e07\u683c\u5bf9\u65af\u5927\u6797\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u89c9\u5f97\u8bb8\u591a\u5bf9\u65af\u5927\u6797\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u5d07\u62dc\u90fd\u201c\u67af\u71e5\u65e0\u5473\u3001\u5938\u5f20\u5931\u5b9e\u201d\u3002\u65af\u5927\u6797\u540c\u610f\u4ed6\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u544a\u8bc9\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u6536\u5230\u6210\u767e\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u7fa4\u4f17\u6765\u4fe1\uff0c\u53ea\u56de\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e24\u5c01\u4fe1\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u6765\u4fe1\u90fd\u662f\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u516c\u5f00\u53d1\u8868\u7684\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u592a\u5938\u5f20\u7684\u3002\u65af\u5927\u6797\u53c8\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u4e3b\u5f20\u7fa4\u4f17\u6765\u4fe1\uff0c\u4f46\u80fd\u591f\u7406\u89e3\uff1a\u5de5\u4eba\u3001\u519c\u6c11\u663e\u7136\u5f88\u9ad8\u5174\u80fd\u591f\u6446\u8131\u5265\u524a\uff0c\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5168\u5f52\u529f\u4e8e\u4ed6\u4e00\u4eba\uff0c\u201c\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u9519\u8bef\u7684\uff0c\u5149\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u53c8\u80fd\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5462\uff1f\u2014\u2014\u4ed6\u4eec\u7528\u6211\u6765\u8868\u8fbe\u4ed6\u4eec\u611a\u8822\u7684\u6b22\u5929\u559c\u5730\u5fc3\u60c5\u201d\u3002\u65af\u5927\u6797\u5f88\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u5439\u6367\u4ed6\u4e2a\u4eba\u662f\u201c\u611a\u8822\u201d\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5439\u6367\u662f\u201c\u67af\u71e5\u65e0\u5473\u3001\u5938\u5f20\u5931\u5b9e\u201d\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u5fc3\u5e95\u91cc\u5176\u5b9e\u770b\u4e0d\u8d77\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8822\u4eba\u548c\u8822\u4e8b\uff0c\u4e00\u70b9\u4e5f\u4e0d\u63a9\u9970\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u3002<\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section>\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u798f\u4f0a\u5e0c\u7279\u4e07\u683c\u4fbf\u76f4\u622a\u4e86\u5f53\u5730\u95ee\u65af\u5927\u6797\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4f60\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u505c\u6b62\u8fd9\u79cd\u611a\u8822\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u5d07\u62dc\u5462\uff1f\u65af\u5927\u6797\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u5df2\u7ecf\u8bd5\u8fc7\u51e0\u6b21\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u4eba\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u662f\u4ed6\u7684\u5047\u8c26\u865a\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u8d5e\u6210\u7528\u90a3\u6837\u5938\u5f20\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u5e86\u795d\u4ed6\u768455\u5c81\u751f\u65e5\uff0c\u5c31\u6709\u4eba\u8bf4\u90a3\u662f\u6545\u4f5c\u8c26\u865a\u3002\u65af\u5927\u6797\u89e3\u91ca\u9053\uff0c\u4fc4\u56fd\u4eba\u6587\u5316\u843d\u540e\uff0c\u8981\u8fc7\u4e9b\u65f6\u5019\u624d\u80fd\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u5f88\u96be\u4e0d\u8ba9\u4eba\u6c11\u8868\u8fbe\u4ed6\u4eec\u5fc3\u91cc\u7684\u5feb\u4e50\uff0c\u5bf9\u5de5\u4eba\u3001\u519c\u6c11\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u4e0d\u80fd\u592a\u4e25\u683c\u3002\uff08\u300a\u5236\u4f5c\u5d07\u62dc\u300b38\uff09<\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section>\u50cf\u5de5\u4eba\u3001\u519c\u6c11\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u666e\u901a\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u548c\u601d\u7ef4\u6df1\u53d7\u4f20\u7edf\u6587\u5316\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4fc4\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u9886\u8896\u5d07\u62dc\u60c5\u7ed3\u662f\u6709\u6c11\u65cf\u6587\u5316\u6e0a\u6e90\u7684\u3002\u5728\u4fc4\u56fd\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u548c\u4e16\u4fd7\u4f20\u7edf\u4e2d\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8425\u517b\u7d20\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5305\u62ec\u73b0\u5728\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u4eec\u666e\u904d\u5f15\u8ff0\u7684\u4fc4\u56fd\u5723\u4eba\u5d07\u62dc\u548c\u6c99\u7687\u5d07\u62dc\uff08\u4e3b\u8981\u6d89\u53ca\u4fc4\u56fd\u7684\u4e0b\u5c42\u6c11\u4f17\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u519c\u6c11\uff09\uff0c\u8fd8\u5305\u62ec\u4fc4\u56fd\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u7279\u6709\u7684\u90a3\u79cd19\u4e16\u7eaa\u82f1\u96c4\u5d07\u62dc\uff08\u4ed6\u4eec\u540e\u6765\u5f88\u591a\u6210\u4e3a\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\uff09\u3002\u666e\u901a\u4fc4\u56fd\u4eba\u6709\u819c\u62dc\u5723\u4eba\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u6587\u5316\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u4fc4\u56fd\u7684\u5723\u4eba\u88ab\u5c0a\u5d07\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u80fd\u4f7f\u5947\u8ff9\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8c26\u900a\u4e0e\u7981\u6b32\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u662f\u6765\u4e16\u3002\u666e\u901a\u4fc4\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f20\u7edf\u662f\u6c99\u7687\u5d07\u62dc\u3002\u6c99\u7687\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3abatiushka\uff0c\u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5929\u7236\u800c\u8a00\u7684\u201c\u5c0f\u7236\u4eb2\u201d\u3002\u6c99\u7687\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5d07\u9ad8\u7684\u8c61\u5f81\u6027\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u5fc3\u5e95\u4ec1\u539a\uff0c\u4e0e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u76f8\u901a\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u5c42\u795e\u5723\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e0e\u5b50\u6c11\u5fc3\u5fc3\u76f8\u8fde\u3002\u82cf\u8054\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u201c\u5929\u771f\u7684\u541b\u4e3b\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u3002<\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section>\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u798f\u4f0a\u5e0c\u7279\u4e07\u683c\u6700\u5173\u5fc3\u8fd8\u4e0d\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u611a\u6c11\u60c5\u611f\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u672c\u5e94\u8be5\u6709\u66f4\u6e05\u9192\u653f\u6cbb\u8ba4\u8bc6\u7684\u5b98\u65b9\u6587\u5316\u3002\u4ed6\u5bf9\u65af\u5927\u6797\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u6307\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u666e\u901a\u5de5\u4eba\u548c\u519c\u6c11\u600e\u4e48\u8868\u8fbe\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u611f\u60c5\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u82cf\u8054\u5230\u5904\u6446\u653e\u65af\u5927\u6797\u534a\u8eab\u5851\u50cf\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u65af\u5927\u6797\u627f\u8ba4\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u8bf4\u90a3\u662f\u4e0b\u9762\u5b98\u5458\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u5e72\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bb3\u6015\uff0c\u8981\u662f\u4e0d\u6446\u534a\u8eab\u50cf\u5c31\u4f1a\u6328\u4e0a\u7ea7\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\uff0c\u6446\u534a\u8eab\u50cf\u662f\u4e3a\u5b98\u4e4b\u9053\uff0c\u201c\u662f\u5b98\u5458\u4eec\u5728\u2018\u81ea\u6211\u4fdd\u62a4\u2019\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u592a\u5e73\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c31\u6446\u534a\u8eab\u50cf\u4e86\u201d\u3002\uff08\u300a\u5236\u4f5c\u5d07\u62dc\u300b38\uff09<\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section>\u65af\u5927\u6797\u5f88\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u5d07\u62dc\u662f\u5728\u6f14\u620f\uff0c\u662f\u505a\u7ed9\u522b\u4eba\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u505a\u620f\u7ed9\u522b\u4eba\u770b\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u81ea\u6211\u4fdd\u62a4\u201d\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4ed6\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\u4e0d\u4f46\u6ca1\u5bb3\u5904\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6709\u597d\u5904\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u50cf\u54c8\u7ef4\u5c14\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u5e97\u94fa\u91cc\u5f20\u8d34\u9769\u547d\u6807\u8bed\u7684\u5c0f\u5546\u5c0f\u8d29\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u8868\u660e\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u662f\u8868\u660e\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u987a\u4ece\uff0c\u514d\u5f97\u62db\u60f9\u662f\u975e\uff0c\u5f15\u706b\u70e7\u8eab\u3002\u8fd9\u6b63\u662f\u72ec\u88c1\u8005\u60f3\u8981\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u91cc\u8425\u9020\u4e00\u79cd\u5974\u6027\u529f\u5229\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u6c1b\u56f4\u548c\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u559c\u6b22\u8fd9\u79cd\u5974\u6027\u529f\u5229\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u4ed6\u7684\u4e13\u5236\u7edf\u6cbb\u3002\u7f57\u9a6c\u66b4\u541b\u63d0\u6bd4\u7565\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u5bf9\u5f85\u90a3\u4e9b\u70ed\u5207\u8868\u73b0\u5fe0\u8bda\u7684\u5143\u8001\u4eec\u7684\u3002\u63d0\u6bd4\u7565\u5229\u7528\u4ed6\u4eec\uff0c\u4f46\u53c8\u4ece\u5fc3\u5e95\u91cc\u770b\u4e0d\u8d77\u4ed6\u4eec\uff0c\u5854\u897f\u4f57\u5728\u300a\u7f16\u5e74\u53f2\u300b\u91cc\u8bb0\u8f7d\u9053\uff0c\u201c\u4eba\u4eec\u4f20\u8bf4\u6bcf\u6b21\u5728\u63d0\u6bd4\u7565\u79bb\u5f00\u5143\u8001\u9662\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4ed6\u603b\u662f\u4e60\u60ef\u4e8e\u7528\u5e0c\u814a\u8bed\u8bf4\uff0c\u2018\u591a\u4e48\u9002\u4e8e\u505a\u5974\u624d\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\u554a\uff01\u2019\u770b\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u53cd\u5bf9\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4eba\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4ed6\u7684\u5974\u96b6\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u6447\u5c3e\u4e5e\u601c\u3001\u4f4e\u4e09\u4e0b\u56db\u7684\u5974\u624d\u76f8\u90fd\u611f\u5230\u817b\u5473\u4e86\u201d\u3002\uff08\u300a\u7f16\u5e74\u53f2\u300b3\uff0c 65\uff09\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u4ece\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u65af\u5927\u6797\u5bf9\u4e2a\u4eba\u5d07\u62dc\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u8822\u4eba\u8822\u4e8b\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u4e5f\u611f\u5230\u817b\u5473\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5c31\u7b97\u4ed6\u817b\u5473\uff0c\u548c\u66b4\u541b\u63d0\u6bd4\u7565\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u8fd8\u662f\u4f1a\u8ba9\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u751f\u4e0b\u53bb\u7684\u3002<\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section>\u65af\u5927\u6797\u5bf9\u4e2a\u4eba\u5d07\u62dc\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u65e2\u590d\u6742\u53c8\u5145\u6ee1\u4e86\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4ed6\u7684\u7eb5\u5bb9\uff0c\u65af\u5927\u6797\u5d07\u62dc\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u5c55\u5230\u5982\u6b64\u767b\u5cf0\u9020\u6781\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u53c8\u4f3c\u4e4e\u65f6\u65f6\u5728\u9632\u6b62\u5b83\u8d70\u706b\u5165\u9b54\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4f3c\u4e4e\u66f4\u7ed9\u4eba\u4eec\u4e00\u4e2a\u628a\u4ed6\u5f53\u82f1\u660e\u3001\u8c28\u614e\u3001\u8c26\u865a\u7684\u9886\u8896\u6765\u5d07\u62dc\u7684\u7406\u7531\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u7edf\u6cbb\u7684\u82cf\u8054\uff0c\u5bf9\u4ed6\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5d07\u62dc\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff08\u81f3\u5c11\u662f\u90a3\u79cd\u51e0\u4e4e\u5168\u6c11\u70ed\u70c8\u8868\u6f14\u7684\u5d07\u62dc\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4ed6\u7684\u72ec\u88c1\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u6b8b\u66b4\uff0c\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u6050\u6016\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u6b8b\u66b4\u548c\u6050\u6016\u4f7f\u5f97\u5bf9\u4ed6\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u5d07\u62dc\u6210\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u82cf\u8054\u4eba\u5fc5\u987b\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u6548\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u4fdd\u62a4\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u4e13\u5236\u72ec\u88c1\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4f7f\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u514d\u9664\u6050\u60e7\uff0c\u8feb\u4f7f\u4ed6\u968f\u65f6\u968f\u5730\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u6050\u60e7\u4e2d\u7684\u90aa\u6076\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5d07\u62dc\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u559c\u6012\u65e0\u5e38\u3001\u6069\u5a01\u96be\u6d4b\u3001\u4e3b\u5bb0\u4e00\u5207\u7684\u66b4\u541b\uff0c\u8c01\u53c8\u80fd\u771f\u7684\u70ed\u7231\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4f4d\u8ba9\u81ea\u5df1\u62c5\u60ca\u53d7\u6015\u3001\u60ca\u6050\u96be\u5b89\uff0c\u6015\u5f97\u8981\u6b7b\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u5462\uff1f\u5bf9\u4ed6\u7684\u8d5e\u626c\u548c\u79f0\u9882\u53c8\u600e\u4e48\u80fd\u662f\u51fa\u81ea\u771f\u5fc3\u7684\u6b22\u6b4c\u5462\uff1f\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u53c8\u504f\u504f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ad8\u5531\u7740\u6b22\u6b4c\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6b22\u6b4c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u66b4\u541b\u6b7b\u53bb\u65f6\u6682\u65f6\u6c89\u5bc2\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u4f46\u53c8\u4f1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u66b4\u541b\u7684\u6765\u5230\u800c\u91cd\u65b0\u54cd\u8d77\u3002<\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u64b0\u6587: \u5f90\u8d32\u00a0 \u00a0 \u6765\u6e90: \u4e1c\u65b9\u5386\u53f2\u8bc4\u8bba \u65af\u5927\u6797\u6d3b\u7740\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5bf9\u65af\u5927\u6797\u7684\u9886\u8896\u5d07\u62dc\u662f\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u6b63\u5267\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u60c5\u613f\u4e0d\u60c5\u613f [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[5,6],"tags":[210,16463],"views":249,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/54161"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=54161"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/54161\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":54298,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/54161\/revisions\/54298"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=54161"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=54161"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=54161"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}