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\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u57281882\u5e74\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4ecd\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u4e2d\u56fd\u52b3\u5de5\u8fdb\u5165\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u7edd\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u4ee5\u5077\u6e21\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u7ecf\u7531\u5357\u8fb9\u7684\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u6216\u662f\u5317\u65b9\u7684\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u8fdb\u5165\u7f8e\u56fd\u3002\u636e\u7edf\u8ba1\uff0c1882\u5e74\u52301920\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u7ea61.7\u4e07\u4e2d\u56fd\u52b3\u5de5\u901a\u8fc7\u7f8e\u58a8\u3001\u7f8e\u52a0\u4e24\u6761\u8fb9\u5883\u7ebf\u5077\u6e21\u5230\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u800c\u4ece\u5317\u90e8\u8fb9\u5883\u5077\u6e21\u7684\u6210\u672c\u8981\u4f4e\u4e8e\u7f8e\u58a8\u8fb9\u5883\u3002\u5f53\u65e5\uff0c\u7f8e\u52a0\u8fb9\u5883\u7ba1\u7406\u4e0d\u50cf\u73b0\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u4e25\u683c\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u8fb9\u5883\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u90fd\u53c2\u4e0e\u5230\u8d70\u79c1\u4e2d\u56fd\u52b3\u5de5\u7684\u52fe\u5f53\u4e2d\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e00\u76f4\u6301\u7eed\u52301923\u5e74\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u51fa\u53f0\u9650\u5236\u534e\u4eba\u5165\u5883\u7684\u300a\u534e\u4eba\u79fb\u6c11\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\uff08The Chinese Immigration Act\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

19\u4e16\u7eaa\u540e\u671f\uff0c\u5317\u7f8e\u4e0e\u4e1c\u4e9a\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fdc\u6d0b\u4ea4\u901a\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\u4e5f\u4ece\u6280\u672f\u5c42\u9762\u7ed9\u5077\u6e21\u7f8e\u56fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8bf8\u591a\u65b9\u4fbf\u30021891\u5e74\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u94c1\u8def\u516c\u53f8\uff08Canadian Pacific Railway Company\uff09\u5e76\u5165\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u6cb9\u8f6e\u516c\u53f8\uff08Pacific Mail Steamship Company\uff09\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u5728\u9999\u6e2f\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u548c\u6e29\u54e5\u534e\u4e4b\u95f4\u5f00\u901a\u4e86\u4e09\u8258\u5ba2\u8f6e\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u6765\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u79fb\u6c11\u4fbf\u53ef\u4e00\u5f20\u8239\u7968\u4ece\u9999\u6e2f\u76f4\u8fbe\u5317\u7f8e\u5927\u9646\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u6cbf\u7740\u8001\u4e61\u4eec\u7684\u8db3\u8ff9\uff0c\u5e7f\u4e1c\u4eba\u6797\u79cb\u9f9a\u6765\u5230\u4e86\u5bc6\u897f\u897f\u6bd4\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u5730\u5e7f\u4eba\u7a00\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u4f1a\u53bb\u67e5\u4ed6\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u8eab\u4efd\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u534e\u4eba\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u5927\u6279\u6b27\u6d32\u975e\u6cd5\u79fb\u6c11\u4e5f\u5728\u6b64\u6816\u8eab\u3002<\/p>\n

1912\u5e74\uff0c\u6797\u79cb\u9f9a\u7ed3\u8bc6\u4e86\u4e00\u4f4d\u738b\u59d3\u534e\u4eba\u5bcc\u5546\u5bb6\u91cc\u7684\u5e74\u8f7b\u5973\u4f63\u738b\u51ef\u8482\uff08Katherine Wong\uff09\uff0c\u4e24\u4eba\u8fc5\u901f\u70ed\u604b\u5e76\u7ed3\u5a5a\u3002\u51ef\u8482\u66fe\u662f\u9999\u6e2f\u5b64\u513f\uff0c\u662f\u88ab\u6536\u517b\u540e\u5e26\u5230\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u3002\u5a5a\u540e\uff0c\u4e24\u4eba\u642c\u5230\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u6bd4\u8bfa\u5fb7\u5c0f\u9547\uff08Benoid\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u8001\u4e61\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e0b\u5f00\u4e86\u5bb6\u5c0f\u6742\u8d27\u5e97\uff0c\u5e76\u5f88\u5feb\u6709\u4e86\u4e09\u4e2a\u5b69\u5b50\uff1a\u5927\u5973\u513f\u8d1d\u8fbe\uff08Berda\uff09\u3001\u4e8c\u5973\u513f\u739b\u838e\uff08Martha\uff09\uff0c\u548c\u5c0f\u513f\u5b50\u6bd5\u65af\u79d1\uff08Biscoe\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b69\u5b50\u51fa\u751f\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u533b\u9662\u8981\u6c42\u7559\u4e0b\u7236\u6bcd\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u51ef\u8482\u8bf4\u81ea\u5df1\u6765\u81ea\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\uff0c\u6797\u79cb\u9f9a\u5219\u6492\u4e86\u4e2a\u8c0e\uff0c\u8bf4\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u52a0\u5dde\u8fc7\u6765\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u3002\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6837\u8bf4\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a1906\u5e74\u65e7\u91d1\u5c71\u5927\u5730\u9707\u6467\u6bc1\u4e86\u6709\u5173\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u6863\u6848\uff0c\u6b64\u540e\u8bb8\u591a\u975e\u6cd5\u79fb\u6c11\u5192\u79f0\u6765\u81ea\u65e7\u91d1\u5c71\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u5f53\u5730\u5f8b\u5e08\u4e8b\u52a1\u6240\u5219\u534f\u52a9\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f2a\u9020\u6587\u4ef6\u5e94\u5bf9\u53f8\u6cd5\u68c0\u67e5\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u865a\u5047\u7684\u65e7\u91d1\u5c71\u4f4f\u5740\u3001\u804c\u4e1a\u548c\u90bb\u5c45\u59d3\u540d\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u975e\u6cd5\u79fb\u6c11\u4ece\u6765\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u6761\u91cc\u901a\u5916\u5408\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u4ea7\u4e1a\u94fe\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

1920\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u6797\u79cb\u9f9a\u592b\u5987<\/p>\n

\u6797\u79cb\u9f9a\u672c\u4eba\u6ca1\u6709\u5408\u6cd5\u8eab\u4efd\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u5b69\u5b50\u90fd\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u516c\u6c11\u3002\u6839\u636e1868\u5e747\u67089\u65e5\u901a\u8fc7\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u5baa\u6cd5\u7b2c\u5341\u56db\u6761\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6761\u6b3e\uff0c\u201c\u6240\u6709\u5728\u5408\u4f17\u56fd\u51fa\u751f\u6216\u5f52\u5316\u5408\u4f17\u56fd\u5e76\u53d7\u5176\u7ba1\u8f96\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u5408\u4f17\u56fd\u7684\u548c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c45\u4f4f\u5dde\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u5dde\u90fd\u4e0d\u5f97\u5236\u5b9a\u6216\u5b9e\u65bd\u9650\u5236\u5408\u4f17\u56fd\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u7279\u6743\u6216\u8c41\u514d\u6743\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff1b\u4e0d\u7ecf\u6b63\u5f53\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f97\u5265\u593a\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u547d\u3001\u81ea\u7531\u6216\u8d22\u4ea7\uff1b\u5728\u5dde\u7ba1\u8f96\u8303\u56f4\u5185\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5f97\u62d2\u7edd\u7ed9\u4e88\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u4ee5\u5e73\u7b49\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4fdd\u62a4\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u5341\u56db\u6761\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\u65e8\u5728\u8d4b\u4e88\u5357\u65b9\u521a\u521a\u83b7\u5f97\u89e3\u653e\u7684400\u4f59\u4e07\u9ed1\u5974\u4e0e\u767d\u4eba\u540c\u7b49\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u6743\u5229\u548c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u5e76\u6269\u5927\u81f3\u5305\u7f57\u6240\u6709\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u51fa\u751f\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u4eca\u65e5\u3002\u6b63\u662f\u501f\u52a9\u8fd9\u4e00\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u975e\u6cd5\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u5b50\u5973\u624d\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u516c\u6c11\u6743\u3002\u7b2c\u5341\u56db\u6761\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u575b\u5f15\u53d1\u7684\u4e89\u8bba\u4ece\u672a\u505c\u6b62\uff0c\u4fee\u6539\u4e43\u81f3\u53d6\u6d88\u7684\u4e3b\u5f20\u65f6\u6709\u4f20\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7a81\u7136\u88ab\u201c\u9ed1\u201d\uff1a\u6797\u5bb6\u5973\u5b69\u513f\u7684\u906d\u9047<\/p>\n

1924\u5e749\u670815\u65e5\uff0c\u5b9d\u5229\u6d3c\u53bf\u7684\u73ab\u7470\u5c71\u8054\u5408\u4e2d\u5b66\uff08Rosedale Consolidated High School\uff09\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\u65b0\u5b66\u671f\u3002\u524d\u6765\u62a5\u9053\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u91cc\u6709\u56db\u4f4d\u751f\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u534e\u4eba\u5973\u5b69\u513f\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u6797\u5bb6\u7684\u59d0\u59b9\u4fe9\uff1a11\u5c81\u7684\u6797\u8d1d\u8fbe\u548c9\u5c81\u7684\u6797\u739b\u838e\uff0c\u5979\u4eec\u5728\u8fd9\u6240\u5b66\u6821\u5df2\u7ecf\u8bfb\u4e86\u4e24\u5b66\u671f\uff0c\u4e00\u5207\u5b89\u597d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u5f53\u65e5\u7684\u5bc6\u897f\u897f\u6bd4\u5dde\uff0c\u767d\u4eba\u4e0e\u9ed1\u4eba\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u9694\u79bb\u5236\u5ea6\u4ecd\u5728\u5b9e\u884c\uff0c\u4e00\u6240\u5b66\u6821\u5185\u8981\u4e48\u90fd\u662f\u767d\u4eba\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u90fd\u662f\u9ed1\u4eba\uff0c\u5373\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u5e73\u7b49\u4f46\u9694\u79bb\u201d\u3002\u4ece\u79cd\u65cf\u9694\u79bb\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u767d\u4eba\u5b66\u6821\u662f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u63a5\u53d7\u534e\u88d4\u5b66\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u5f53\u5730\u7684\u534e\u4eba\u5bb6\u5ead\u53c8\u4e0d\u613f\u610f\u628a\u5b50\u5973\u9001\u5230\u9ed1\u4eba\u5b66\u6821\u8bfb\u4e66\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u901a\u5e38\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u662f\u81ea\u5df1\u6559\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u96c7\u4f63\u5bb6\u5ead\u6559\u5e08\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u5bb6\u5ead\u628a\u5b69\u5b50\u9001\u5230\u522b\u7684\u5dde\u53bb\u4e0a\u5b66\u3002\u73ab\u7470\u5c71\u8054\u5408\u4e2d\u5b66\u662f\u767d\u4eba\u5b66\u6821\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u8fd9\u56db\u4f4d\u534e\u88d4\u5973\u751f\u662f\u80a4\u8272\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\uff0c\u5979\u4eec\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u80fd\u5c31\u8bfb\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u201c\u975e\u975e\u88d4\u65cf\u7fa4\u201d\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u8ba4\u540c\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u4e5f\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u5979\u4eec\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\u4e0e\u767d\u4eba\u6df7\u5c45\u4e8e\u540c\u4e00\u793e\u533a\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

1924\u5e74\u590f\u73ab\u7470\u5c71\u8054\u4e2d\u5408\u5f71\uff0c\u524d\u6392\u5de6\u4e09\u4e3a\u6797\u739b\u838e\uff0c\u5979\u7684\u5de6\u624b\u8fb9\u59d0\u59d0\u6797\u8d1d\u8fbe<\/p>\n

\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5c31\u5728\u5f00\u5b66\u524d\u4e24\u4e2a\u6708\u76847\u67081\u65e5\uff0c\u603b\u7edf\u67ef\u7acb\u829d\uff08Calvin Coolidge\uff09\u7b7e\u7f72\u4e86\u300a1924\u5e74\u79fb\u6c11\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\uff08Immigration Act of 1924\uff09\u3002\u6cd5\u6848\u4ee5\u9650\u5236\u4e9a\u6d32\u79fb\u6c11\u4e3a\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u89c4\u5b9a\u4efb\u4f55\u56fd\u5bb6\u6bcf\u5e74\u8d74\u7f8e\u79fb\u6c11\u4eba\u6570\u4e0d\u5f97\u8d85\u8fc71910\u5e74\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u53e3\u666e\u67e5\u4e2d\u8be5\u56fd\u79fb\u6c11\u4eba\u53e3\u76842%\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a1923\u5e74\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4e5f\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u201c\u6392\u534e\u6cd5\u6848\u201d\uff0c\u81ea\u6b64\u7f8e\u52a0\u5728\u9650\u5236\u534e\u4eba\u79fb\u6c11\u65b9\u9762\u8054\u6210\u4e00\u4f53\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5f80\u5317\u7f8e\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u6d41\u9042\u9677\u4e8e\u4e2d\u65ad\u3002<\/p>\n

9\u670815\u65e5\u73ab\u7470\u5c71\u8054\u4e2d\u5f00\u5b66\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u8fd9\u80a1\u53cd\u534e\u4eba\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u98ce\u6f6e\u5df2\u8513\u5ef6\u81f3\u5bc6\u897f\u897f\u6bd4\u5dde\u3002\u8fd9\u5929\u4e2d\u5348\uff0c\u6821\u957f\u7eb3\u7279\u5148\u751f\u628a4\u4e2a\u534e\u88d4\u5973\u751f\u53eb\u5230\u4ed6\u7684\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\uff0c\u901a\u77e5\u5979\u4eec\uff1a\u5c31\u534e\u4eba\u5b69\u5b50\u80fd\u5426\u5c31\u8bfb\u767d\u4eba\u5b66\u6821\u4e00\u4e8b\uff0c\u5dde\u6cd5\u9662\u5df2\u7ecf\u8fbe\u6210\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u201c\u767d\u4eba\u201d\uff08white person\uff09\u5373\u901a\u5e38\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u9ad8\u52a0\u7d22\u4eba\u79cd\uff08Caucasian race\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u534e\u4eba\u4e0d\u5c5e\u6b64\u5217\u3002\u5b66\u6821\u8463\u4e8b\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u672c\u5dde\u6559\u80b2\u90e8\u957f\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u51b3\u5b9a\u7981\u6b62\u5c5e\u4e8e\u201c\u6709\u8272\u4eba\u79cd\u201d\uff08the colored\uff09\u7684\u534e\u88d4\u5b69\u5b50\u5165\u5b66\u5c31\u8bfb\u3002\u6821\u957f\u8ba9\u51e0\u4e2a\u5b69\u5b50\u7acb\u5373\u6536\u62fe\u4e66\u5305\uff0c\u79bb\u5f00\u5b66\u6821\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u8bed\u5883\u91cc\uff0c\u201c\u6709\u8272\u4eba\u79cd\u201d\u88ab\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3a\u9ed1\u4eba\uff0c\u4e9a\u88d4\u5e76\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6b64\u5217\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5f53\u56db\u4e2a\u201c\u88ab\u9ed1\u201d\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u56de\u5230\u5bb6\u91cc\uff0c\u5979\u4eec\u7684\u7236\u6bcd\u90fd\u5341\u5206\u4e0d\u89e3\u548c\u60ca\u8bb6\u3002\u73ab\u7470\u5c71\u8054\u4e2d\u5177\u5907\u5dde\u653f\u5e9c\u8ba4\u8bc1\u7684\u8d44\u8d28\uff0c\u6bd5\u4e1a\u751f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u7ecf\u8003\u8bd5\u800c\u7533\u8bf7\u5230\u8be5\u5dde\u5927\u5b66\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u5b69\u5b50\u4eec\u5ffd\u7136\u88ab\u8d76\u51fa\u5b66\u6821\uff0c\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5979\u4eec\u7684\u547d\u8fd0\u6216\u8bb8\u5c31\u6b64\u6539\u53d8\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u6797\u79cb\u9f9a\u592b\u5987\u51b3\u5b9a\u8fdb\u884c\u53cd\u51fb\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u66fe\u60f3\u5230\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u53cd\u51fb\u5c06\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u534e\u88d4\u5386\u53f2\u4e43\u81f3\u7f8e\u56fd\u5baa\u6cd5\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u90fd\u5199\u4e0b\u6c89\u91cd\u7684\u4e00\u7b14\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u767d\u662f\u9ed1\uff1a\u53bf\u91cc\u6253\u5b98\u53f8<\/p>\n

\u6797\u5bb6\u8981\u6253\u5b98\u53f8\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u8981\u627e\u5230\u613f\u610f\u7ed9\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fa9\u62a4\u7684\u5f8b\u5e08\u3002\u51e0\u7ecf\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff0c\u6797\u79cb\u9f9a\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u5e03\u9c81\u5c14\u5f8b\u5e08\u4e8b\u52a1\u6240\u7684\u8d1f\u8d23\u4eba\u5384\u5c14\u2022\u5e03\u9c81\u5c14\uff08Earl Leroy Brewer\uff09\u3002\u5e03\u9c81\u5c14\u6bd5\u4e1a\u4e8e\u5bc6\u897f\u897f\u6bd4\u5927\u5b66\u6cd5\u5b66\u9662\uff0c1892\u5e74\u8d77\u6267\u4e1a\uff0c\u53ef\u8c13\u884c\u5bb6\u91cc\u624b\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u8fd8\u662f\u6c11\u4e3b\u515a\u4eba\uff0c\u7406\u60f3\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\uff0c1912-16\u5e74\u4efb\u5bc6\u897f\u897f\u6bd4\u5dde\u5dde\u957f\uff0c\u5728\u4f4d\u671f\u95f4\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u591a\u9879\u8fdb\u6b65\u6cd5\u6848\u3002\u4efb\u6ee1\u540e\uff0c\u5e03\u9c81\u5c14\u7ee7\u7eed\u7ecf\u8425\u4ed6\u7684\u5f8b\u5e08\u4e8b\u52a1\u6240\uff0c\u63a5\u4e9b\u6c11\u6743\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5b98\u53f8\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5f53\u6797\u5bb6\u4eba\u627e\u4e0a\u95e8\u6765\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f4d\u524d\u5dde\u957f\u723d\u5feb\u5730\u63a5\u4e0b\u4e86\u6848\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u7ad9\u5728\u5bc6\u897f\u897f\u6bd4\u5dde\u4e00\u4e2a\u6c34\u575d\u524d\u9762\u7684\u5384\u5c14\u2022\u5e03\u9c81\u5c14\uff08Earl LeRoy Brewer\uff09\u3002\u5e03\u9c81\u5c14\u4e8e1912-16\u5e74\u51fa\u4efb\u5bc6\u897f\u897f\u6bd4\u5dde\u7b2c38\u4efb\u5dde\u957f<\/p>\n

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\u6821\u8463\u4f1a\u7684\u6297\u8fa9\u6345\u7834\u4e86\u5f53\u65f6\u7f8e\u56fd\u6559\u80b2\u754c\u7684\u4e00\u5c42\u7a97\u6237\u7eb8\u3002\u90a3\u65f6\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u534e\u88d4\u5728\u5185\u7684\u4e9a\u88d4\u5904\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u975e\u767d\u975e\u9ed1\u201d\u7684\u4e2d\u95f4\u5730\u5e26\u2014\u2014\u534e\u88d4\u5b69\u5b50\u4e0a\u767d\u4eba\u5b66\u6821\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u5f53\u5730\u767d\u4eba\u6ca1\u5f02\u8bae\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u90fd\u4f1a\u98ce\u5e73\u6d6a\u9759\uff1b\u7136\u800c\u4e00\u65e6\u6709\u4eba\u4e0d\u6ee1\u610f\uff0c\u5219\u80a4\u8272\u5c31\u4f1a\u6210\u4e3a\u5927\u95ee\u9898\u8fdb\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u5b69\u5b50\u4e0d\u80fd\u7ee7\u7eed\u4e0a\u5b66\u3002\u73ab\u7470\u5c71\u8054\u4e2d\u5c31\u662f\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u60ef\u4f8b\u201d\u6765\u5e94\u5bf9\u6797\u5bb6\u7684\u5b98\u53f8\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8fd8\u6709\u5dde\u5baa\u6cd5\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u6797\u739b\u838e\u6848\u518d\u6b21\u88ab\u5f52\u7ed3\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7c97\u66b4\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u534e\u88d4\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u201c\u767d\u7684\u201d\u8fd8\u662f\u201c\u9ed1\u7684\u201d\uff1f<\/p>\n

\u539f\u544a\u5f8b\u5e08\u5e03\u9c81\u5c14\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u4e0d\u201c\u9ed1\u201d\uff0c\u4e0d\u5e94\u53bb\u9ed1\u4eba\u5b66\u6821\u4e0a\u5b66\u3002\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\uff08Chinaman\uff09\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u754c\u5b9a\u4e3a\u2018\u6709\u8272\u4eba\u2019\uff08colored person\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u9ed1\u4eba\u53bb\u9ed1\u4eba\u5b66\u6821\u5c31\u8bfb\uff0c\u6cd5\u5ead\u5e94\u8be5\u5c0a\u91cd\u5728\u2018\u5409\u7c73\u514b\u52b3\u6cd5\u2019\uff08\u4f5c\u8005\u6ce8\uff1a\u5373\u201c\u79cd\u65cf\u9694\u79bb\u201d\u4e4b\u6cd5\uff09\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u5e76\u672a\u88ab\u89c6\u4f5c\u9ed1\u4eba\u5bf9\u5f85\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3002\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u540c\u5c5e\u4e00\u7c7b\uff0c\u662f\u6700\u4e3a\u52e4\u594b\u656c\u4e1a\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\uff0c\u8f83\u4e4b\u9ed1\u4eba\u65cf\u7fa4\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u66f4\u63a5\u8fd1\u767d\u4eba\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9ad8\u52a0\u7d22\u4eba\u4e0d\u627f\u8ba4\u8499\u53e4\u5229\u4e9a\u4eba\u4e0e\u4e4b\u540c\u7b49\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u540e\u8005\u5e94\u5b9a\u4f4d\u4e8e\u9ad8\u52a0\u7d22\u548c\u975e\u6d32\u4eba\u79cd\u4e4b\u95f4\u3002\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2d\u95f4\u6210\u4e86\u80a4\u8272\u7684\u6f29\u6da1\uff0c\u9760\u8fd1\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u65b9\uff0c\u5374\u53c8\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u65b9\uff0c\u8d70\u9519\u4e00\u6b65\u5c31\u8981\u6389\u8fdb\u53bb\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5bc6\u897f\u897f\u6bd4\u5dde\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u5219\u76f4\u622a\u4e86\u5f53\uff1a\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6216\u8499\u53e4\u5229\u4e9a\u4eba\u79cd\u660e\u786e\u65e0\u8bef\u5730\u548c\u9ed1\u4eba\uff08negro\uff09\u5c5e\u4e8e\u540c\u4e00\u8303\u7574\u3002\u201d\u6cd5\u5b98\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5bc6\u897f\u897f\u6bd4\u5dde\u65e0\u9700\u53c2\u8003\u7f8e\u56fd\u5176\u4ed6\u5dde\u5173\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6216\u8499\u53e4\u5229\u4e9a\u4eba\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u754c\u5b9a\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u9700\u6309\u7167\u5f8b\u6cd5\u884c\u4e8b\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u4fdd\u969c\u53ea\u6709\u9ad8\u52a0\u7d22\u4eba\u79cd\u624d\u80fd\u5c31\u8bfb\u767d\u4eba\u5b66\u6821\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4e3b\u5f20\u6df7\u540c\u975e\u767d\u4eba\u4eba\u79cd\u3002<\/p>\n

1925\u5e745\u6708\uff0c\u5bc6\u897f\u897f\u6bd4\u5dde\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u63a8\u7ffb\u4e86\u5b9d\u5229\u6d3c\u6cd5\u9662\u7684\u88c1\u5b9a\uff0c\u5224\u73ab\u7470\u5c71\u8054\u4e2d\u5f00\u9664\u6797\u739b\u838e\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u662f\u6070\u5f53\u7684\u3002\u5224\u51b3\u4e66\u5bf9\u201c\u6709\u8272\u4eba\u79cd\u201d\u505a\u51fa\u660e\u786e\u754c\u5b9a\uff0c\u201c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5305\u62ec\u9ed1\u4eba\uff0c\u8fd8\u5305\u62ec\u6df7\u8840\u4e4b\u4eba\u201d\u3002\u5224\u51b3\u4e66\u63f4\u5f15\u8be5\u5dde1917\u5e74\u7684\u201c\u83ab\u5982\u8bc9\u683c\u5170\u5fb7\u6c60\u201d\u6848\uff0c\u5728\u90a3\u8d77\u6848\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u767d\u4eba\u5b89\u6258\u5c3c\u5965\u2022\u683c\u5170\u5fb7\u6c60\uff08Antonio Grandich\uff09\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u4eec\u906d\u5230\u767d\u4eba\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u9a71\u9010\uff0c\u539f\u56e0\u53ea\u662f\u683c\u5170\u5fb7\u6c60\u7684\u4f2f\u7956\u6bcd\u53ef\u80fd\u548c\u975e\u767d\u4eba\u7ed3\u8fc7\u5a5a\u3002\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u683c\u5170\u5fb7\u6c60\u4eec\u5c1a\u4e14\u56e0\u4e3a\u767d\u4eba\u8840\u7edf\u4e0d\u591f\u7eaf\u6b63\u800c\u88ab\u9a71\u9010\uff0c\u9051\u8bba\u4e2d\u56fd\u8840\u7edf\u7684\u6797\u739b\u838e\u4e4e\uff1f<\/p>\n

\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5224\u51b3\u5265\u593a\u4e86\u6797\u739b\u838e\u5c31\u8bfb\u767d\u4eba\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5e76\u672a\u5426\u5b9a\u5176\u63a5\u53d7\u5e73\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u6743\u5229\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\uff0c\u5b9d\u5229\u6d3c\u53bf\u7684\u786e\u6709\u4e00\u6240\u9ed1\u4eba\u5b66\u6821\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u8ddd\u79bb\u6797\u5bb6\u76f8\u5f53\u8fdc\uff0c\u6797\u5bb6\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u534e\u88d4\u5bb6\u5ead\u4e5f\u4ece\u6765\u6ca1\u6709\u8003\u8651\u628a\u5b69\u5b50\u9001\u53bb\u90a3\u91cc\u8bfb\u4e66\u3002\u6797\u5bb6\u51b3\u5b9a\u7ee7\u7eed\u4e0a\u8bc9\uff0c\u8fd9\u6b21\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\uff1a\u8054\u90a6\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5b98\u53f8\u6253\u5230\u534e\u5e9c\uff1a\u8054\u90a6\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u7684\u5224\u51b3<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u573a\u5b98\u53f8\u6253\u5230\u8054\u90a6\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6797\u5bb6\u7684\u8fa9\u62a4\u5f8b\u5e08\u6362\u6210\u8a79\u59c6\u58eb\u2022\u4f5b\u62c9\u5965\u5179\uff08James Flowers\uff09\u3002\u4f5b\u62c9\u5965\u5179\u6cbf\u7528\u4e86\u5e03\u9c81\u5c14\u7684\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u4ee5\u5baa\u6cd5\u7b2c\u5341\u56db\u6761\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\u4e3a\u4f9d\u6258\uff0c\u6307\u51fa\u672c\u6848\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5728\u4e8e\u5bc6\u897f\u897f\u6bd4\u5dde\u5c06\u6797\u739b\u838e\u4ece\u4e00\u6240\u516c\u7acb\u5b66\u6821\u9a71\u9010\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u5426\u5b9a\u4e86\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8d4b\u4e88\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u5e73\u7b49\u6743\u76ca\u3002\u4f5b\u62c9\u5965\u5179\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u767d\u4eba\u901a\u8fc7\u635f\u5bb3\u5176\u4ed6\u79cd\u65cf\u7684\u6743\u76ca\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u521b\u9020\u51fa\u7279\u6743\uff0c\u516c\u7acb\u5b66\u6821\u7cfb\u7edf\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u9760\u5168\u4f53\u7eb3\u7a0e\u4eba\u7684\u94b1\u652f\u6491\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u767d\u4eba\u5374\u628a\u5b66\u6821\u5f53\u505a\u79cd\u65cf\u9694\u79bb\u7684\u573a\u6240\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fdd\u969c\u767d\u4eba\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u6743\u76ca\u4e3a\u540d\uff0c\u4f24\u5bb3\u5176\u4ed6\u79cd\u65cf\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u5e73\u7b49\u6743\u76ca\u3002\u4f5b\u62c9\u5965\u5179\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u6b67\u89c6\uff08discrimination\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

1927\u5e7411\u670821\u65e5\uff0c\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u96625\u7968\u8d5e\u62104\u7968\u53cd\u5bf9\uff0c\u5bf9\u6b64\u6848\u505a\u51fa\u6700\u7ec8\u88c1\u51b3\u3002\u5728\u5224\u51b3\u4e66\u4e2d\uff0c\u9996\u5e2d\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u5a01\u5ec9\u2022\u970d\u534e\u5fb7\u2022\u5854\u592b\u8131\uff08William Howard Taft\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5341\u4e03\u4efb\u603b\u7edf\uff09\u5199\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u672c\u6848\u7684\u8981\u65e8\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u4e00\u4f4d\u534e\u88d4\u7f8e\u56fd\u516c\u6c11\u5728\u88ab\u5f53\u505a\u6709\u8272\u4eba\u79cd\u4e4b\u540e\u662f\u5426\u88ab\u5265\u593a\u4e86\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6743\u76ca\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u5404\u5dde\u5728\u5176\u53f8\u6cd5\u6743\u9650\u5185\u5df2\u7ecf\u5c61\u6b21\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8054\u90a6\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u672a\u66fe\u5728\u8054\u90a6\u5baa\u6cd5\u4e4b\u4e0b\u505a\u51fa\u5e72\u6d89\u2026\u2026\u5bc6\u897f\u897f\u6bd4\u5dde\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u5728\u5176\u81ea\u7531\u91cf\u88c1\u6743\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u505a\u51fa\u7684\u6709\u5173\u516c\u7acb\u5b66\u6821\u8fd0\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u5224\u51b3\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u8fdd\u53cd\u8054\u90a6\u5baa\u6cd5\u7b2c\u5341\u56db\u6761\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\uff0c\u5176\u5224\u51b3\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u3002\u201d\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u8054\u90a6\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u8ba4\u53ef\u5dde\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u5173\u4e8e\u6797\u739b\u838e\u5c5e\u201c\u9ed1\u201d\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

1927\u5e74\u7684\u8054\u90a6\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u96629\u4f4d\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\uff0c\u524d\u6392\u5c45\u4e2d\u7684\u662f\u7b2c10\u4efb\u9996\u5e2d\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u3001\u66fe\u51fa\u4efb\u7b2c27\u4efb\u603b\u7edf\u7684\u5854\u592b\u8131<\/p>\n

\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4f9d\u636e\uff0c\u5224\u51b3\u4e66\u63f4\u5f15\u4e861892\u5e74\u7684\u201c\u666e\u83b1\u897f\u8bc9\u5f17\u683c\u68ee\u201d\u6848\u3002\u5728\u90a3\u4e2a\u6848\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u67097\/8\u767d\u4eba\u8840\u7edf\u548c1\/8\u9ed1\u4eba\u8840\u7edf\u7684\u8def\u6613\u65af\u5b89\u5a1c\u5dde\u516c\u6c11\u666e\u83b1\u897f\u6545\u610f\u767b\u4e0a\u4e86\u4e00\u5217\u767d\u4eba\u5217\u8f66\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u4ed6\u770b\u4e0a\u53bb\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u4e2a\u767d\u4eba\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u987a\u5229\u4e0a\u4e86\u8f66\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u767b\u8bb0\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u53c8\u53ea\u80fd\u662f\u4e2a\u9ed1\u4eba\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6700\u7ec8\u8fd8\u662f\u88ab\u902e\u6355\u4e86\uff0c\u7f6a\u540d\u662f\u8fdd\u53cd\u4e86\u201c\u9694\u79bb\u4f46\u5e73\u7b49\u201d\uff08separate but equal\uff09\u7684\u9ed1\u4eba\u767d\u4eba\u8f66\u53a2\u9694\u79bb\u7684\u539f\u5219\u3002\u666e\u83b1\u897f\u4e0d\u670d\uff0c\u5728\u8bc9\u72b6\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u9694\u79bb\u4f46\u5e73\u7b49\u201d\u8fdd\u80cc\u4e86\u8054\u90a6\u5baa\u6cd5\u7b2c\u5341\u56db\u6761\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\uff0c\u4f46\u8def\u6613\u65af\u5b89\u90a3\u5dde\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u5224\u4ed6\u8d25\u8bc9\uff0c\u666e\u83b1\u897f\u7ee7\u800c\u4e0a\u8bc9\u5230\u8054\u90a6\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u8d25\u8bc9\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ed3\u679c\u65e0\u89c6\u9ed1\u4eba\u8bbe\u65bd\u660e\u663e\u4e0d\u5982\u767d\u4eba\u8bbe\u65bd\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u4ece\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0a\u5408\u7406\u5316\u4e86\u79cd\u65cf\u9694\u79bb\u7684\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u8054\u90a6\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u505a\u51fa\u7684\u6700\u4e3a\u81ed\u540d\u662d\u8457\u7684\u5224\u51b3\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u6b64\u540e\u5404\u5730\u4e0d\u518d\u72b9\u8c6b\uff0c\u516c\u4f17\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u9694\u79bb\u65e5\u76ca\u68ee\u4e25\u575a\u56fa\u3002<\/p>\n

\u81f3\u6b64\uff0c\u6797\u5bb6\u5f7b\u5e95\u8d25\u8bc9\u3002\u800c\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u5e76\u975e\u6797\u79cb\u9f9a\u4e00\u5bb6\uff0c\u6b64\u540e\u6574\u4e2a\u5728\u7f8e\u534e\u88d4\u65cf\u7fa4\u88ab\u6253\u4e0a\u4e86\u201c\u6709\u8272\u4eba\u79cd\u201d\u7684\u6807\u7b7e\uff0c\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u79cd\u65cf\u9694\u79bb\u7684\u9634\u5f71\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u516c\u5171\u6559\u80b2\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5f3a\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8d25\u8bc9\u540e\u7684\u6797\u5bb6\uff0c\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u628a\u5b69\u5b50\u9001\u53bb\u9ed1\u4eba\u5b66\u6821\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u9009\u62e9\u4e86\u9644\u8fd1\u963f\u80af\u8272\u5dde\u7684\u4e00\u6240\u767d\u4eba\u5b66\u6821\uff0c\u90a3\u91cc\u76f8\u5bf9\u5f00\u660e\u3002\u548c\u6797\u5bb6\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5bc6\u897f\u897f\u6bd4\u4e09\u89d2\u6d32\u5730\u5e26\u8bb8\u591a\u534e\u4eba\u5bb6\u5ead\u7eb7\u7eb7\u628a\u5b69\u5b50\u9001\u8d70\uff0c\u5230\u522b\u7684\u5dde\u5bfb\u6c42\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u673a\u4f1a\u30021930\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u5f53\u5730\u534e\u4eba\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5df2\u7ecf\u660e\u663e\u8d70\u4f4e\uff0c\u52301970\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u534e\u88d4\u5e74\u8f7b\u4eba\u5df2\u7ecf\u6216\u8005\u51c6\u5907\u79bb\u5f00\uff0c\u5230\u522b\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u6c42\u5b66\u6216\u8c0b\u751f\u3002\u5bc6\u897f\u897f\u6bd4\u5dde\u76f4\u52301995\u5e74\u624d\u8ba4\u53ef1865\u5e74\u65e8\u5728\u5e9f\u9664\u5974\u96b6\u5236\u7684\u8054\u90a6\u5baa\u6cd5\u7b2c\u5341\u4e09\u6761\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\uff0c\u662f\u5168\u7f8e\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u8ba4\u53ef\u6b64\u9879\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\u7684\u5dde\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5c3e\u58f0\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u9700\u8981\u68c0\u8ba8\u6797\u6848<\/p>\n

\u5728\u6797\u5bb6\u8d25\u8bc9\u8fd130\u5e74\u540e\uff0c1954\u5e745\u670817\u65e5\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u8054\u90a6\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u5c31\u582a\u8428\u65af\u5dde\u6258\u76ae\u5361\u53bf\u7684\u201c\u5e03\u6717\u8bc9\u6258\u76ae\u5361\u6559\u80b2\u5c40\u201d\u6848\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u9879\u5212\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u88c1\u51b3\uff0c\u8ba4\u5b9a\u8be5\u6848\u4e2d\u6258\u76ae\u5361\u53bf\u5426\u5b9a\u975e\u88d4\u5973\u5b69\u513f\u7433\u8fbe\u2022\u5361\u7f57\u2022\u5e03\u6717\uff08Linda Carol Brown\uff09\u5165\u8bfb\u5bb6\u95e8\u53e3\u7684\u767d\u4eba\u5c0f\u5b66\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u8fdd\u53cd\u4e86\u8054\u90a6\u5baa\u6cd5\u7b2c\u5341\u56db\u6761\u6761\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\u4e2d\u7684\u5e73\u7b49\u6743\u6761\u6b3e\u3002\u5224\u51b3\u4e66\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u201c\u79cd\u65cf\u9694\u79bb\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u8bbe\u65bd\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u516c\u7acb\u5b66\u6821\u6559\u80b2\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u91c7\u53d6\u79cd\u65cf\u9694\u79bb\u662f\u8fdd\u5baa\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6b64\u6848\u56e0\u4e3a\u67091909\u5e74\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u5168\u7f8e\u6709\u8272\u4eba\u79cd\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4f1a\uff08National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, NAACP\uff09\u7684\u79ef\u6781\u53c2\u4e0e\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5f71\u54cd\u5de8\u5927\uff0c\u81ea\u6b64\u540e\u7f8e\u56fd\u6559\u80b2\u7cfb\u7edf\u6380\u8d77\u4e86\u8f70\u8f70\u70c8\u70c8\u7684\u53bb\u9664\u79cd\u65cf\u9694\u79bb\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u767d\u9ed1\u5408\u6821\u65e5\u76ca\u589e\u591a\uff0c\u4e3a\u55e3\u540e\u7f8e\u56fd\u201c\u6c11\u6743\u8fd0\u52a8\u201d\u7684\u5174\u8d77\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5e03\u6717\u6848\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5b8c\u5168\u89e3\u51b3\u5b66\u6821\u7cfb\u7edf\u79cd\u65cf\u9694\u79bb\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u767d\u4eba\u793e\u533a\u7684\u5b66\u6821\u548c\u6559\u80b2\u8d44\u6e90\u660e\u663e\u4f18\u4e8e\u9ed1\u4eba\u793e\u533a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5b69\u5b50\u4eec\u90fd\u5c31\u8fd1\u5c31\u8bfb\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u7684\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u548c\u79cd\u65cf\u9694\u79bb\u5c31\u4f9d\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c1970\u5e74\u4ee3\u8d77\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5404\u5dde\u5f00\u59cb\u91c7\u53d6\u201c\u53bb\u9694\u79bb\u5df4\u58eb\u901a\u5b66\u201d\uff08Desegregation busing\uff09\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u7528\u6821\u8f66\u628a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b66\u533a\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u9001\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b66\u533a\u7684\u5b66\u6821\u4e0a\u5b66\uff0c\u4ee5\u8fbe\u6210\u516c\u7acb\u6559\u80b2\u7cfb\u7edf\u5e73\u7b49\u5730\u5411\u4e0d\u5206\u80a4\u8272\u3001\u79cd\u65cf\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u5f00\u653e\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u5927\u9f3b\u5b50\u9ec4\u8272\u6821\u8f66\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u3002\u6821\u8f66\u628a\u975e\u88d4\u793e\u533a\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u4eec\u9001\u5230\u4ee5\u524d\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u767d\u4eba\u5b66\u6821\u201d\u4e2d\u53bb\uff0c\u4ee4\u4ed6\u4eec\u63a5\u53d7\u4e0e\u767d\u4eba\u540c\u7b49\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u8d44\u6e90\u548c\u8bbe\u65bd\u3002\u534e\u88d4\u3001\u4e9a\u88d4\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u65cf\u88d4\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u4eec\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u548c\u7433\u8fbe\u2022\u5e03\u6717\u4eec\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e76\u975e\u201c\u53bb\u79cd\u65cf\u5316\u201d\u548c\u5e73\u6743\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u4e3b\u89d2\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u662f\u642d\u4e0a\u4e86\u8fd9\u573a\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u4fbf\u8f66\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

1970\u5e749\u670810\u65e5\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6279\u975e\u88d4\u5b66\u751f\u4e58\u5750\u6821\u8f66\u62b5\u8fbe\u6d1b\u6749\u77f6\u8499\u7f57\u7ef4\u4e9a\u7684\u666e\u5217\u8305\u65af\u5c0f\u5b66\u3002\u8fd9\u6240\u5c0f\u5b66\u81ea2015\u5e74\u5de6\u53f3\u5f00\u8bbe\u4e2d\u82f1\u53cc\u8bed\u8bfe\u7a0b \u3002\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u6d1b\u6749\u77f6\u65f6\u62a5<\/p>\n

\u773c\u4e0b\u79fb\u6c11\u95ee\u9898\u518d\u6b21\u6210\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u7126\u70b9\uff0c\u5f53\u6b64\u65f6\u8282\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u59a8\u8bf4\u4e00\u8bf4\u4e3a\u4f55\u6797\u6848\u503c\u5f97\u6211\u4eec\u53bb\u68c0\u8ba8\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u7814\u7a76\u6797\u6848\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u6781\u5c11\uff0c\u8fd1\u51e0\u5e74\u6709\u5f17\u5409\u5c3c\u4e9a\u5927\u5b66\u6cd5\u5b66\u9662\u7684\u6770\u51fa\u6559\u6388\u7231\u5fb7\u534e\u2022\u6000\u7279\uff08G. Edward White\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f17\u5409\u5c3c\u4e9a\u8bb0\u8005\u7231\u745e\u5b89\u59ae\u2022\u4f2f\u62c9\u5fb7\uff08Adrienne Berard\uff09\u505a\u8fc7\u8f83\u597d\u7684\u96c6\u4e2d\u8003\u5bdf\u3002\u672c\u6587\u6240\u8bba\u4e4b\u6797\u6848\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u53c2\u7167\u8fd9\u4e24\u4f4d\u7684\u8003\u5bdf\u4ee5\u53ca\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8d44\u6599\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

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