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\u6765\u6e90: \u6f8e\u6e43\u65b0\u95fb<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\u5927\u8f70\u70b8<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\"\"<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n

1942\u5e74\u6218\u4e8b\u6700\u5403\u7d27\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6218\u65f6\u5185\u9601\u4e3a\u4e86\u5047\u88c5\u4e00\u5207\u6b63\u5e38\uff0c\u53d1\u5e03\u4e86\u7531\u4f26\u6566\u653f\u6cbb\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u9662\u524d\u8463\u4e8b\u5a01\u5ec9\u00b7\u8d1d\u5f17\u91cc\u5947\uff08William Beveridge\uff09\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8c03\u7814\u7684\u6218\u540e\u798f\u5229\u6539\u9769\u62a5\u544a\u3002\u62a5\u544a\u5185\u5bb9\u4e0e\u4ed6\u5728\u4e00\u6218\u671f\u95f4\u548c\u52b3\u5408\u00b7\u4e54\u6cbb\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u8981\u70b9\u4e00\u8109\u76f8\u627f\u3002\u57ce\u5e02\u89c4\u5212\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u5e15\u7279\u91cc\u514b\u00b7\u963f\u4f2f\u514b\u9686\u6bd4\u4e5f\u505a\u4e86\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u8c03\u7814\u3002\u963f\u4f2f\u514b\u9686\u6bd4\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u5b66\u672f\u6d3e\u5efa\u7b51\u5e08\uff0c\u66fe\u53c2\u4e0e1937\u5e74\u7684\u5df4\u6d1b\u62a5\u544a\u8c03\u7814\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u671f\u5f85\u4ed6\u80fd\u5229\u7528\u5927\u8f70\u70b8\u8fd9\u4e2a\u201c\u673a\u4f1a\u201d\u4e3a\u4f26\u6566\u5f00\u542f\u65b0\u65f6\u4ee3\u3002\u4ed6\u88ab\u6388\u6743\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u62a5\u544a\u7ed9\u4f26\u6566\u90e1\u8bae\u4f1a\uff0c\u65e0\u987b\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e2d\u95f4\u90e8\u95e8\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6218\u4e89\u7ed3\u675f\u610f\u5473\u7740\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8ba1\u5212\u90fd\u80fd\u542f\u52a8\u4e86\u3002\u4f46\u76f8\u5173\u5de5\u4f5c\u5fc5\u987b\u7531\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u96c6\u4e2d\u6539\u9769\u7684\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u5e9c\u800c\u975e\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\u6765\u8d1f\u8d23\u3002\u5f20\u4f2f\u4f26\u7684\u6d4e\u8d2b\u6cd5\u65b9\u6848\u548c\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u5f52\u4f26\u6566\u653f\u5e9c\u7ba1\u63a7\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7eb3\u5165\u767d\u5385\u7684\u201c\u56fd\u5bb6\u63f4\u52a9\u201d\u89c4\u5212\u4e2d\u3002\u65f6\u4efb\u536b\u751f\u5927\u81e3\u7684\u5b89\u5948\u6797\u00b7\u8d1d\u6587\uff08Aneurin Bevan\uff09\u79c1\u4e0b\u91cc\u4e0d\u559c\u6b22\u4f26\u6566\u90e1\u8bae\u4f1a\u7684\u83ab\u91cc\u65af\uff0c\u770b\u5230\u4f26\u6566\u5bf9\u533b\u9662\u7684\u7ba1\u8f96\u6743\u88ab\u593a\uff0c\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u56fd\u6c11\u533b\u7597\u4f53\u7cfb\u53d6\u800c\u4ee3\u4e4b\uff0c\u683c\u5916\u9ad8\u5174\u3002\u5c31\u8fde\u623f\u5730\u4ea7\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u201c\u56fd\u6709\u5316\u201d\u4e5f\u6210\u4e86\u5927\u52bf\u3002\u4e18\u5409\u5c14\u201c\u88ab\u4e0b\u53f0\u201d\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u66fe\u8ba1\u5212\u5728\u8001\u201c\u5730\u72f1\u706b\u201d\u5bfc\u5f39\u5de5\u5382\u5efa\u9020100\u4e07\u95f4\u7ec4\u88c5\u5e73\u623f\uff0c\u5ba3\u79f0\u201c\u5efa\u597d\u53ea\u662f\u65f6\u95f4\u95ee\u9898\u201d\u3002\u4f46\u73b0\u5b9e\u5374\u7ed9\u4e86\u4ed6\u5f53\u5934\u4e00\u51fb\uff0c\u8ba1\u5212\u6210\u4e86\u7b11\u8bdd\uff0c\u7ec4\u88c5\u5e73\u623f\u7684\u5355\u4f4d\u6210\u672c\u662f\u90ca\u533a\u666e\u901a\u534a\u72ec\u7acb\u5f0f\u623f\u5c4b\u7684\u4e09\u500d\u3002\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u4f26\u6566\u5357\u90e8\u7684\u5361\u7279\u798f\u5fb7\u8fd8\u80fd\u770b\u5230\u6781\u5c11\u6570\u7684\u7ec4\u88c5\u5e73\u623f\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5c0f\u5de7\u800c\u53e4\u6734\uff0c\u8fd8\u88ab\u5217\u5165\u4e86\u201c\u5386\u53f2\u4fdd\u62a4\u5efa\u7b51\u201d\u540d\u5355\u3002<\/p>\n

\u963f\u4f2f\u514b\u9686\u6bd4\u5bf9\u4f26\u6566\u7684\u89c4\u5212\u53d7\u523020\u4e16\u7eaa30\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u671f\u5e2d\u5377\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u89c4\u5212\u7406\u8bba\u9769\u547d\u542f\u53d1\uff0c\u53c8\u878d\u5408\u4e86\u4e13\u5236\u548c\u6c11\u4e3b\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5efa\u7b51\u7406\u8bba\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u66f4\u5927\u80c6\uff0c\u91ce\u5fc3\u5341\u8db3\u3002\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u7684\u5fa1\u7528\u5efa\u7b51\u5e08\u963f\u5c14\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u65af\u4f69\u5c14\uff08Albert Speer\uff09\u5c06\u67cf\u6797\u89c6\u4e3a\u65b0\u65e5\u8033\u66fc\u5c3c\u4e9a\uff0c\u4ee5\u5e1d\u56fd\u89c4\u6a21\u8fdb\u884c\u89c4\u5212\u3002\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0b\u7684\u82cf\u8054\u5219\u6309\u7167\u65af\u5927\u6797\u7684\u90fd\u5e02\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fdb\u884c\u57ce\u5e02\u5efa\u8bbe\u3002\u4e1c\u6b27\u7684\u6240\u6709\u57ce\u5e02\uff0c\u90fd\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u5e02\u5bb9\u6e05\u7406\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u7edf\u7b79\u94fa\u8bbe\u9053\u8def\u3001\u5efa\u8bbe\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u3002\u65af\u4f69\u5c14\u7684\u8bbe\u60f3\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5177\u6709\u53e4\u5178\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u51e0\u4f55\u7f8e\u5b66\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u5f70\u663e\u4e86\u6c14\u52bf\u78c5\u7934\u7684\u5e1d\u56fd\u5730\u4f4d\u2014\u2014\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u89c9\u5f97\u67cf\u6797\u5c31\u662f\u65b0\u7f57\u9a6c\u2014\u2014\u4f46\u5bf9\u5efa\u7b51\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u201c\u4e00\u8a00\u5802\u201d\u4e5f\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u8d1f\u9762\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4eb5\u6e0e\u4e86\u968f\u65f6\u95f4\u63a8\u79fb\u800c\u6f14\u53d8\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u6b27\u6d32\u57ce\u5e02\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u662f\u5bf9\u5386\u53f2\u5efa\u7b51\u7684\u4e0d\u5c0a\u91cd\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5efa\u7b51\u601d\u8def\u4ea7\u751f\u6df1\u523b\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u59cb\u4f5c\u4fd1\u8005\u662f\u745e\u58eb\u88d4\u6cd5\u56fd\u5efa\u7b51\u5e08\u52d2\u00b7\u67ef\u5e03\u897f\u8036\uff08Le Corbusier\uff09\u3002\u539f\u540d\u67e5\u5c14\u65af\u827e\u90fd\u963f\u5fb7\u00b7\u5409\u7eb3\u745e\u7279\uff08Charles Edouard Jeannere\uff09\u7684\u4ed6\u5e26\u52a8\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e3b\u4e49\u5efa\u7b51\u5e08\u5728\u6218\u524d\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u56fd\u9645\u73b0\u4ee3\u5efa\u7b51\u534f\u4f1a\uff0c\u5021\u5bfc\u201c\u5efa\u7b51\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u793e\u4f1a\u827a\u672f\u2026\u2026\u4e00\u79cd\u53ef\u4ee5\u6539\u5584\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5de5\u5177\u201d\u30021933\u5e74\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u6b64\u7406\u5ff5\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e3b\u4e49\u5efa\u7b51\u7ec4\u7ec7MARS\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u67ef\u5e03\u897f\u8036\u547c\u5401\u652f\u6301\u8005\u201c\u5c06\u56fd\u5bb6\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u5272\u7684\u5355\u4f4d\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u8fdb\u884c\u7406\u6027\u8c03\u914d\u2026\u2026\u4ee5\u6b64\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5b8f\u4f1f\u4e8b\u4e1a\u201d\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u201c\u7167\u4eae\u5bb6\u56ed\uff0c\u7167\u4eae\u6570\u767e\u4e07\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u201d\uff0c\u4ee5\u201c\u5b8f\u4f1f\u3001\u9ad8\u8d35\u548c\u5a01\u4e25\u201d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8ffd\u6c42\u76ee\u6807\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5e74\u8f7b\u7684\u5efa\u7b51\u5e08\u5b8c\u5168\u88ab\u52d2\u00b7\u67ef\u5e03\u897f\u8036\u8ff7\u4f4f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8bf4\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e0\u6240\u4e0d\u80fd\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6280\u672f\u4e3a\u6218\u4e89\u63d0\u4f9b\u8f85\u52a9\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u548c\u5e73\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u6280\u672f\u4e5f\u80fd\u53d1\u6325\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u5efa\u7b51\u5e08\u5c31\u662f\u6218\u573a\u4e0a\u7684\u6307\u6325\u5b98\uff0c\u51b3\u5b9a\u7740\u4eba\u7c7b\u672a\u6765\u7684\u5c45\u4f4f\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u52d2\u00b7\u67ef\u5e03\u897f\u8036\u5bf9\u5e74\u8f7b\u4eba\u8bf4\uff0c\u8981\u60f3\u60f3\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u6cd5\u56fd\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u8def\u6613\u5341\u56db\u3001\u62ff\u7834\u4ed1\u00b7\u6ce2\u62ff\u5df4\u548c\u62ff\u7834\u4ed1\u4e09\u4e16\uff0c\u201c\u5728\u7528\u601d\u60f3\u7edf\u6cbb\u4e4c\u5408\u4e4b\u4f17\u7684\u9ec4\u91d1\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u4eba\u662f\u5fae\u4e0d\u8db3\u9053\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u80fd\u7559\u540d\u5343\u53e4\u7684\u4eba\u662f\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u201d\u3002\u5c31\u50cf\u82f1\u56fd\u8457\u540d\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e3b\u4e49\u5efa\u7b51\u5e08\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u5a01\u5c14\u00b7\u5f17\u83b1\u8bf4\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u5efa\u7b51\u5e08\u5e94\u8be5\u201c\u53ea\u5411\u90a3\u4e9b\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4eba\u8868\u8fbe\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u5c31\u53ea\u80fd\u987a\u5176\u81ea\u7136\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4e13\u4e1a\u4eba\u58eb\u90fd\u89c9\u5f97\u52d2\u00b7\u67ef\u5e03\u897f\u8036\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u8ffd\u968f\u8005\u75af\u4e86\u3002\u52d2\u00b7\u67ef\u5e03\u897f\u8036\u63d0\u8bae\u62c6\u6389\u5df4\u9ece\u585e\u7eb3\u6cb3\u6574\u4e2a\u53f3\u5cb8\u7684\u5efa\u7b51\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5efa\u9020\u591a\u639260\u5c42\u9ad8\u7684\u6df7\u51dd\u571f\u5efa\u7b51\u3002\u4f26\u6566\u5efa\u7b51\u8054\u76df\u5b66\u9662\u5219\u5728\u4f26\u6566\u6267\u884c\u4e86\u6027\u8d28\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u4f26\u6566\u5854\u3001\u5723\u4fdd\u7f57\u5927\u6559\u5802\u548c\u5927\u82f1\u535a\u7269\u9986\u5916\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8ba1\u5212\u6ca1\u6709\u653e\u8fc7\u4efb\u4f55\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u571f\u5730\uff0c\u8001\u5efa\u7b51\u7684\u5468\u56f4\u6563\u843d\u7740\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u6df7\u51dd\u571f\u539a\u677f\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u901a\u8f66\u7684\u9ad8\u901f\u516c\u8def\u3002\u5927\u8f70\u70b8\u597d\u50cf\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u63a8\u624b\uff0c\u662f\u5efa\u7b51\u9886\u57df\u5f00\u542f\u65b0\u201c\u7bc7\u7ae0\u201d\u7684\u5e8f\u66f2\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u53d1\u5c55\u5219\u5b8c\u5168\u7531\u7740\u6027\u5b50\u6765\u3002\u6211\u8bb0\u5f9720\u4e16\u7eaa60\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\uff0c\u8fd8\u80fd\u4ece\u5efa\u7b51\u8054\u76df\u5b66\u9662\u7684\u5b9e\u4e60\u5efa\u7b51\u5e08\u53e3\u4e2d\u542c\u5230\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u8bf4\u9519\u3002<\/p>\n

\u963f\u4f2f\u514b\u9686\u6bd4\u7684\u65b9\u6848<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u963f\u4f2f\u514b\u9686\u6bd4\u65e2\u662f\u65b0\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u4e61\u6751\u4fdd\u62a4\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7684\u79d8\u4e66\u957f\uff0c\u4e5f\u5728\u5bb6\u4e61\u5229\u7269\u6d66\u4efb\u57ce\u5e02\u89c4\u5212\u6559\u6388\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u7b26\u5408\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u5883\u51b5\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u4e8b\u5b9e\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u4ed6\u6012\u65a5\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u4f26\u6566\u201c\u8fc7\u65f6\u3001\u7cdf\u7cd5\uff0c\u4f4f\u623f\u4e0d\u5408\u9002\uff0c\u793e\u533a\u4e0d\u6210\u719f\uff0c\u4ea4\u901a\u4e0d\u901a\u8fbe\uff0c\u5de5\u5382\u62e5\u6324\uff0c\u57ce\u5e02\u89c4\u5212\u6c34\u5e73\u6781\u4f4e\uff0c\u5f00\u653e\u7a7a\u95f4\u5206\u914d\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\uff0c\u901a\u52e4\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u4e0d\u4fbf\u5229\uff0c\u2018\u5835\u2019\u6210\u4e86\u4e0a\u73ed\u65cf\u7684\u5669\u68a6\u201d\u3002\u4ece\u5c3c\u514b\u00b7\u5df4\u7279\u62c9\uff08Nick Barratt\uff09\u64b0\u5199\u7684\u5173\u4e8e\u4f26\u6566\u89c4\u5212\u53f2\u7684\u4e66\u4e2d\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u770b\u51fa\u963f\u4f2f\u514b\u9686\u6bd4\u62e5\u6709\u201c\u89c4\u5212\u5e08\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6574\u6d01\u548c\u6574\u9f50\u7684\u504f\u6267\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u5730\u56fe\u4e0a\u5448\u73b0\u7684\u5e03\u5c40\u5f62\u72b6\u6f02\u4eae\u89c4\u6574\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u89c4\u5212\u5e08\u7684\u5e38\u6001\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u5e78\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u901a\u75c5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f88\u5c11\u4f1a\u8003\u8651\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5efa\u7b51\u201d\u3002\u4e00\u5982\u5df4\u7279\u62c9\u6240\u8a00\uff0c\u963f\u4f2f\u514b\u9686\u6bd4\u201c\u8822\u8822\u6b32\u52a8\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u80fd\u591f\u62c6\u9664\u5efa\u7b51\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u5efa\u9020\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

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\u4eba\u53e3\u5bc6\u5ea6\u3001\u571f\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u548c\u5efa\u7b51\u9ad8\u5ea6\u9700\u8981\u4e25\u683c\u7ba1\u63a7\u3002\u8981\u628a\u201c\u4e0d\u597d\u7684\u3001\u4e11\u964b\u7684\u201d\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\uff0c\u5168\u90fd\u6e05\u9664\u3002\u963f\u4f2f\u514b\u9686\u6bd4\u628a\u4ed6\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\u6982\u62ec\u4e3a\u201c\u6709\u673a\u793e\u533a\u201d\uff0c\u548c\u5386\u53f2\u201c\u6751\u5e84\u201d\u2014\u2014\u80af\u8f9b\u987f\u3001\u4f0a\u65af\u7075\u987f\u3001\u54c8\u514b\u5c3c\u3001\u65af\u7279\u5c3c\u2014\u2014\u53ef\u4ee5\u878d\u4e3a\u4e00\u4f53\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u533a\u57df\u5e94\u5f53\u7528\u6805\u680f\u9694\u5f00\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4efb\u4f55\u4ea4\u901a\u7ebf\u8def\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u57ce\u5e02\u535a\u7269\u9986\u91cc\u7684\u7269\u4ef6\u4e00\u6837\u88ab\u4fdd\u62a4\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u800c\u5269\u4e0b\u7684\u4f26\u6566\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u5219\u8981\u201c\u6539\u5934\u6362\u9762\u201d\u3002\u89c4\u5212\u540e\u7684\u90fd\u5e02\uff0c\u5c06\u4e0d\u518d\u91ce\u86ee\u751f\u957f\uff0c\u53d6\u800c\u4ee3\u4e4b\u7684\u662f\u201c\u6709\u5e8f\u3001\u6709\u6548\u3001\u7f8e\u4e3d\u3001\u5f00\u9614\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u90e8\u9ed1\u767d\u77ed\u7247\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u7247\u540d\u53eb\u300a\u9a84\u50b2\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u300b\uff08The Proud City\uff09\uff0c\u7ebf\u4e0a\u5c31\u80fd\u89c2\u770b\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u57ce\u5e02\u53cd\u51fb<\/strong><\/p>\n

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