{"id":54441,"date":"2025-06-19T08:01:12","date_gmt":"2025-06-19T00:01:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/?p=54441"},"modified":"2025-06-19T08:01:12","modified_gmt":"2025-06-19T00:01:12","slug":"%e5%8d%97%e6%96%af%e6%8b%89%e5%a4%ab%e5%b4%a9%e6%ba%83%e4%b9%8b%e8%b7%af","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/?p=54441","title":{"rendered":"\u5357\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u5d29\u6e83\u4e4b\u8def"},"content":{"rendered":"<section><strong>\u64b0\u6587: \u6881\u660e\u5fb7\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong><strong>\u6765\u6e90:\u300a\u4e1c\u65b9\u5386\u53f2\u8bc4\u8bba\u300b<\/strong><\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/section>\n<section><em>\u94c1\u6258\u66fe\u7ecf\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u521b\u9020\u7684\u5357\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u7cfb\u7edf\u5145\u6ee1\u4fe1\u5fc3\uff0c\u8bf4\u8fc7\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u4e00\u573a\u5927\u578b\u8bb0\u8005\u62db\u5f85\u4f1a\u4e0a\uff0c\u201c\u6709\u4eba\u95ee\u6211\uff0c\u6211\u8eab\u540e\u4f1a\u600e\u4e48\u6837\uff1f\u6211\u56de\u7b54\u8bf4\uff1a\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u4efb\u4f55\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u201d<\/em><\/section>\n<section><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section>1<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section>1953\u5e74\u5357\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u5baa\u6cd5\u5f00\u59cb\u628a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u65b0\u95fb\u51fa\u7248\u7b49\u6743\u4e0b\u653e\u5230\u52a0\u76df\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u624b\u4e0a\uff0c\u800c\u4e3a\u4e86\u52a0\u5feb\u6bd4\u8f83\u8d2b\u56f0\u7684\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u8054\u90a6\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u5e9c\u8bbe\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u91d1\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u8f83\u5bcc\u5eb6\u7684\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u9700\u8981\u627f\u62c5\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u4efd\u989d\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u514b\u7f57\u5730\u4e9a\u3001\u65af\u6d1b\u6587\u5c3c\u4e9a\u7b49\u8f83\u5bcc\u6709\u7684\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u7684\u4eba\u6c11\u4ea7\u751f\u79ef\u6028\u3002\u4f46\u4e2d\u592e\u7684\u6295\u8d44\u4e0e\u5730\u65b9\u9700\u8981\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u9519\u4f4d\u7684\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u79d1\u7d22\u6c83\u7684\u5b9a\u4f4d\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5411\u66f4\u5bcc\u88d5\u7684\u52a0\u76df\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u51fa\u53e3\u539f\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u5bf9\u79d1\u7d22\u6c83\u7684\u6295\u8d44\u4e5f\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4ea7\u4e1a\u4e0a\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u7164\u77ff\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4ea7\u4e1a\u8058\u7528\u7684\u4eba\u6781\u4e3a\u6709\u9650\u3002\u79d1\u7d22\u6c83\u7684\u5de5\u519c\u4e1a\u90fd\u5f97\u4e0d\u5230\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5360\u516b\u6210\u7684\u519c\u4e1a\u4eba\u53e3\u9677\u4e8e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u505c\u6ede\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u5c4b\u6f0f\u517c\u9022\u8fde\u591c\u96e8\uff0c1960\u5e74\u4ee3\u540e\u671f\u5357\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u5f00\u59cb\u653e\u7f13\uff0c\u65af\u6d1b\u6587\u5c3c\u4e9a\u3001\u514b\u7f57\u5730\u4e9a\u515a\u653f\u7cbe\u82f1\u5f00\u59cb\u516c\u5f00\u53cd\u5bf9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u518d\u5206\u914d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e89\u53d6\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5206\u6743\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u83b7\u5f97\u63a7\u5236\u5916\u6c47\u8d44\u4ea7\u7684\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u5e76\u53cd\u5bf9\u5357\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u4f7f\u7528\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u8d27\u5e01\u3002<\/section>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/i04piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/60dea34e508e98ad\" \/><\/p>\n<p>1970\u5e74\u7684\u8428\u683c\u52d2\u5e03\u00a0(Zagreb)<\/p>\n<section><\/section>\n<p>1966\u5e74\u5170\u79d1\u7ef4\u5947\u88ab\u6253\u5012\u540e\u4e0d\u4e45\uff0c\u514b\u7f57\u5730\u4e9a\u4fbf\u51fa\u73b0\u4e00\u80a1\u6539\u9769\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u5ef6\u7eed\u52301971\u5e74\u6625\u3002\u80cc\u666f\u662f\u5357\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u4e0e\u7f57\u9a6c\u6559\u5ef7\u59a5\u534f\uff0c\u6559\u4f1a\u4e0d\u518d\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u654c\u5bf9\u52bf\u529b\uff0c\u514b\u7f57\u5730\u4e9a\u5f97\u4ee5\u4fdd\u6301\u5b97\u6559\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u514b\u7f57\u5730\u4e9a\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u515a\u653f\u7cbe\u82f1\uff0c\u5e26\u9886\u8fd9\u573a\u5730\u65b9\u5206\u6743\u548c\u81ea\u7531\u5316\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u4eba\u7269\u662f\u6b27\u6d32\u9996\u540d\u5973\u6027\u653f\u5e9c\u9996\u957f\u3001\u514b\u7f57\u5730\u4e9a\u603b\u7406\u8428\u592b\u5361\u00b7\u8fbe\u5e03\u820d\u7ef4\u5947-\u5e93\u91c7\u5c14\u00a0(Savka Dab\u010devi\u0107-Ku\u010dar)\u30021967\u5e743\u6708\uff0c130\u540d\u6587\u827a\u4eba\u58eb\u4e0e\u5b66\u8005\u00a0(\u5305\u62ec80\u540d\u5357\u5171\u515a\u5458)\u00a0\u7b7e\u7f72\u300a\u514b\u7f57\u5730\u4e9a\u6587\u5b57\u8bed\u8a00\u540d\u79f0\u53ca\u5730\u4f4d\u5ba3\u8a00\u300b\u00a0(Declaration on the Name and Status of the Croatian Literary Language)\u3002\u5357\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u5b98\u65b9\u7acb\u573a\u672c\u6765\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u585e\u5c14\u7ef4\u4e9a\uff0d\u514b\u7f57\u5730\u4e9a\uff0d\u6ce2\u65af\u5c3c\u4e9a\u8bed\u53ea\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u8a00\uff1a\u585e\u5c14\u7ef4\u4e9a\u3001\u9ed1\u5c71\u3001\u6ce2\u65af\u5c3c\u4e9a\u8bb2\u4e1c\u90e8\u65b9\u8a00\uff0c\u514b\u7f57\u5730\u4e9a\u8bb2\u897f\u90e8\u65b9\u8a00\u3002\u300a\u5ba3\u8a00\u300b\u5374\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u514b\u7f57\u5730\u4e9a\u8bed\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u4e0e\u585e\u5c14\u7ef4\u4e9a\u3001\u9a6c\u5176\u987f\u8bed\u7b49\u5177\u6709\u540c\u7b49\u5730\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/i03piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/f0f7a71e2fecbce0\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u514b\u7f57\u5730\u4e9a\u4e4b\u6625\u9886\u8896\u3001\u603b\u7406\u8fbe\u5e03\u820d\u7ef4\u5947-\u5e93\u91c7\u5c14 (\u5de6) \u4e0e\u5357\u5171\u603b\u4e66\u8bb0\u94c1\u6258 (\u53f3)<\/p>\n<section>\u94c1\u6258\u9762\u5bf9\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u5192\u8d77\uff0c\u5176\u53cd\u5e94\u5341\u5206\u6709\u8da3\u3002\u4ed6\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u4ee3\u8868\u7740\u56fd\u5bb6\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0b\u7684\u5b98\u50da\u5784\u65ad\u7684\u6b8b\u4f59\uff0c\u5de5\u4eba\u81ea\u6cbb\u8981\u4e0e\u4e4b\u8fdb\u884c\u6597\u4e89\uff0c\u5e76\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u5728\u6211\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u5b98\u50da\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u5404\u79cd\u9738\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u503e\u5411\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u5f62\u5f0f\u201d\u3002(1964\u5e7412\u6708\u5357\u5171\u516b\u5927\u62a5\u544a) \u94c1\u6258\u53c8\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u589e\u957f\u53cd\u6620\u7740\u4e13\u5bb6\u6cbb\u56fd\u8bba\u3001\u4f01\u4e1a\u201c\u7ecf\u7406\u72ec\u65ad\u201d\u4ee5\u53ca\u6280\u672f\u5b98\u50da\u6392\u65a5\u5de5\u4eba\u81ea\u6cbb\u3001\u5bf9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u751f\u4ea7\u8fdb\u884c\u5784\u65ad\u7684\u503e\u5411\uff0c\u4f01\u56fe\u201c\u628a\u5171\u76df\u53d8\u6210\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6280\u672f\u5b98\u50da\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0a\u5c42\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u201d\u3002(1974\u5e745\u670827\u65e5\u5357\u5171\u5341\u5927\u62a5\u544a) \u4f46\u5728\u522b\u7684\u573a\u5408\uff0c\u94c1\u6258\u53c8\u5145\u5206\u627f\u8ba4\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u72ec\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u628a\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u5bf9\u7acb\u9762\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u9ed1\u5c71\u6c11\u65cf\u662f\u5728\u53cd\u5bf9\u5916\u6765\u4fb5\u7565\u8005\uff08\u5373\u5965\u65af\u66fc\u5e1d\u56fd\u2014\u2014\u7b14\u8005\u6309) \u7684\u5386\u7ecf\u51e0\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u6597\u4e89\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u672c\u6c11\u65cf\u5f97\u5230\u751f\u5b58\uff0c\u5e76\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u3002\u201d(1977\u5e742\u670825\u65e5\u5728\u9ed1\u5c71\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u827a\u672f\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u8bb2\u8bdd) \u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u4f7f\u5f97\u672c\u56fd\u56e0\u5965\u65af\u66fc\u7edf\u6cbb\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u6ce2\u65af\u5c3c\u4e9a\u548c\u963f\u5c14\u5df4\u5c3c\u4e9a\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u7fa4\u4f53\u9677\u4e8e\u88ab\u52a8\u3002<\/section>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/i03piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/640e11fd7487fc3e\" \/><\/p>\n<section>\u514b\u7f57\u5730\u4e9a\u603b\u7406\u8fbe\u5e03\u820d\u7ef4\u5947-\u5e93\u91c7\u5c14\u4e3b\u6301\u8282\u5e86\u5de1\u6e38<\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section>1971\u5e74\u514b\u7f57\u5730\u4e9a\u8428\u683c\u52d2\u5e03\u5927\u5b66\u751f\u8fde\u7eed\u591a\u6708\u793a\u5a01\u3002\u94c1\u6258\u58f0\u8a00\u8981\u63ea\u51fa\u8428\u683c\u52d2\u5e03\u5927\u5b66\u7f62\u8bfe\u7684\u7b56\u5212\u8005\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u53c2\u52a0\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u662f\u201c\u6d41\u6c13\u65e0\u4ea7\u8005\u3001\u53cd\u9769\u547d\u5206\u5b50\u3001\u6c99\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u5206\u5b50\u201d\uff0c\u6307\u8d23\u201c\u514b\u7f57\u5730\u4e9a\u6587\u5316\u534f\u4f1a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8001\u7a9d\u201d\uff0c\u5357\u5171\u201c\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u65e9\u8be5\u88ab\u6e05\u9664\u51fa\u515a\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u4ea4\u4ee3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u8ddf\u5b98\u50da\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u786e\u5207\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u7136\u540e\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u7bc7\u6f14\u8bf4\u4e2d\uff0c\u94c1\u6258\u4fe1\u8a93\u65e6\u65e6\u5730\u4fdd\u8bc1\uff1a\u65b0\u7684\u3001\u66f4\u5206\u6743\u7684\u5baa\u6cd5\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5c06\u7ed9\u4e88\u5730\u65b9\u52a0\u76df\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u201c\u4e00\u7968\u5426\u51b3\u6743\u201d\uff0c\u80fd\u4e3a\u53cd\u5bf9\u5206\u88c2\u4e3b\u4e49\u63d0\u4f9b\u6700\u6709\u529b\u7684\u6b66\u5668\u3002\u00a0(1971\u5e7412\u67081\u65e5\u5357\u5171\u4e3b\u5e2d\u56e2\u5f00\u5e55\u8bcd)\u00a0\u94c1\u6258\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u538b\u5236\u4e86\u5206\u88c2\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u5728\u5411\u5730\u65b9\u5b98\u50da\u7684\u5206\u6743\u4e3b\u5f20\u6295\u964d\uff0c\u66f4\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e86\u5730\u65b9\u5b98\u50da\u5bf9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8d44\u6e90\u548c\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u5784\u65ad\uff0c\u5e76\u52a0\u901f\u5357\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u5357\u5317\u5730\u533a\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u653f\u7b56\u4e0a\u7684\u5206\u6b67\u3002\u4f46\u94c1\u6258\u7684\u8ba9\u6b65\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u6ee1\u8db3\u793a\u5a01\u8005\u3002\u94c1\u6258\u4e8e\u662f\u4e00\u8f6c\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u52a8\u7528\u519b\u8b66\u628a\u8fd0\u52a8\u9547\u538b\u4e86\u4e0b\u53bb\u3002\u53ca\u81f31972\u5e74\uff0c\u514b\u7f57\u5730\u4e9a\u5171\u76df\u5171\u5f00\u9664\u4e86\u4e24\u4e07\u4e94\u5343\u4eba\u7684\u515a\u7c4d\uff0c\u8fbe\u5e03\u820d\u7ef4\u5947-\u5e93\u91c7\u5c14\u4e5f\u88ab\u6253\u5012\u3002\u5230\u4e861975\u5e74\uff0c\u5b9e\u8df5\u5b66\u6d3e\u4e5f\u906d\u5230\u4e86\u9547\u538b\u3002\u94c1\u6258\u65e9\u57281971\u5e74\u4fbf\u6307\u8d23\u5b83\u201c\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u773c\u76ae\u5e95\u4e0b\u4e3e\u884c\u4e86\u5f62\u5f62\u8272\u8272\u7684\u9b3c\u77e5\u9053\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u4f1a\uff0c\u5982\u79d1\u5c14\u4e18\u62c9\u5c9b\u00a0[\u2026]\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u4f1a\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u201d(1971\u5e7412\u67082\u65e5\u5357\u5171\u4e3b\u5e2d\u56e2\u95ed\u5e55\u8bcd)\u00a0\u5b9e\u8df5\u5b66\u6d3e\u6210\u5458\u5927\u591a\u4e27\u5931\u56fd\u5185\u6559\u5e2d\uff0c\u88ab\u8feb\u6d41\u4ea1\u6d77\u5916\uff0c\u5230\u6b27\u7f8e\u7684\u5927\u5b66\u4efb\u6559\u3002<\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section>1974\u5e74\u5357\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u9881\u5e03\u65b0\u5baa\u6cd5\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u6307\u540d\u9053\u59d3\u5ba3\u5e03\u94c1\u6258\u4e3a\u7ec8\u8eab\u603b\u7edf\uff0c\u5374\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4e00\u4efd\u5206\u6743\u7684\u5baa\u6cd5\uff0c\u800c\u4e3b\u8981\u8d77\u8349\u8005\u6b63\u662f\u5361\u5fb7\u5c14\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u514b\u7f57\u5730\u4e9a\u4e4b\u6625\u4e4b\u7c7b\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u518d\u6b21\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u65b0\u5baa\u6cd5\u5411\u52a0\u76df\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u4e0b\u653e\u653f\u5236\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3001\u516c\u5171\u8d22\u653f\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u670d\u52a1\u3001\u8b66\u653f\u3001\u6c11\u9632\u548c\u53f8\u6cd5\u7b49\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u66f4\u56de\u5e94\u4e861967\u5e74\u300a\u5ba3\u8a00\u300b\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u627f\u8ba4\u514b\u7f57\u5730\u4e9a\u8bed\u5730\u4f4d\uff1b\u5357\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u4e8e\u662f\u8d70\u5411\u201c\u90a6\u8054\u5316\u201d(confederate state)\u3002\u94c1\u6258\u5ba3\u79f0\u65b0\u5baa\u6cd5\u201c\u5728\u52a0\u5f3a\u81ea\u6cbb\u65b9\u9762\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u4f7f\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u52bf\u529b\u611f\u5230\u5b83\u4e27\u5931\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u9635\u5730\u3002\u201d\u5e76\u8bf4\u660e\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u5411\u627f\u8ba4\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6c11\u65cf\u90fd\u6709\u4fdd\u6301\u81ea\u5df1\u6c11\u65cf\u7279\u6027\u548c\u53cd\u6620\u672c\u6c11\u65cf\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6743\u5229\u51fa\u53d1\u3002[\u2026]\u4ee5\u5c0a\u91cd\u4ed6\u4eec\u57f9\u80b2\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u5176\u6c11\u65cf\u7279\u70b9\u3001\u8bed\u8a00\u3001\u6587\u5316\u548c\u4e60\u60ef\u7684\u6743\u5229\u4e3a\u524d\u63d0\u3002\u201d(1974\u5e745\u670827\u65e5\u5357\u5171\u5341\u5927\u62a5\u544a)\u00a0\u540c\u65f6\u5404\u52a0\u76df\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u7684\u515a\u653f\u673a\u6784\u5374\u5f00\u59cb\u5728\u5730\u65b9\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u96c6\u6743\u5316\u3002\u7ef4\u7cfb\u7740\u5357\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u53ea\u5269\u4e0b\u519b\u961f\u548c\u94c1\u6258\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u9b45\u529b\u3002<\/section>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/i04piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/ccbe3a7a16d0f30e\" \/><\/p>\n<section>1974\u5e74\u5357\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u8054\u76df\u7b2c\u5341\u6b21\u5168\u56fd\u4ee3\u8868\u5927\u4f1a<\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section>1974\u5e74\u5baa\u6cd5\u88ab\u6307\u504f\u8892\u514b\u7f57\u5730\u4e9a\u3001\u65af\u6d1b\u6587\u5c3c\u4e9a\u3002\u5baa\u6cd5\u906d\u5230\u6765\u81ea\u5de6\u53f3\u4e24\u6d3e\u7684\u653b\u51fb\u3002\u8d1d\u5c14\u683c\u83b1\u5fb7\u7684\u5de6\u6d3e\u5927\u5b66\u751f\u5360\u9886\u6821\u56ed\uff0c\u6297\u8bae\u5206\u6743\u6539\u9769\u80cc\u5f03\u5357\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u52b3\u52a8\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u56e2\u7ed3\u3002\u652f\u6301\u5b9e\u8df5\u5b66\u6d3e\u7684\u4f5c\u5bb6\u591a\u5e03\u91cc\u5bdf\u00b7\u4e54\u897f\u5947\u00a0(Dobrica\u00a0\u0106osi\u0107)\uff0c\u5219\u6307\u8d23\u65b0\u5baa\u6cd5\u5265\u593a\u4e86\u585e\u65cf\u4eba\u7684\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u6b64\u4e3a\u5951\u673a\u4ece\u5de6\u7ffc\u8fc7\u6e21\u5230\u53f3\u7ffc\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u5e76\u6700\u540e\u5728\u5357\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u89e3\u4f53\u65f6\u6210\u4e3a\u201c\u585e\u5c14\u7ef4\u4e9a\u56fd\u7236\u201d\u30021974\u5e74\u5baa\u6cd5\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u95ee\u9898\u5728\u4e8e\u5b83\u662f\u5411\u516d\u4e2a\u52a0\u76df\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u548c\u4e24\u4e2a\u81ea\u6cbb\u7701\u533a\u515a\u59d4\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5404\u65cf\u516c\u6c11\u4e0b\u653e\u6743\u529b\uff1b\u7b80\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u662f\u4ee5\u5206\u6743\u5316\u56de\u907f\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\u3002\u5357\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u56de\u907f\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u3002\u907f\u514d\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u5728\u9009\u4e3e\u4e2d\u6210\u4e3a\u5f31\u52bf\uff0c\u91cd\u6f14\u4e8c\u6218\u65f6\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u51b2\u7a81\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u5927\u6982\u662f\u94c1\u6258\u7684\u8003\u8651\uff1b\u4ed6\u53cd\u8986\u5f3a\u8c03\u5357\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u6c11\u65cf\u95f4\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u6743\u529b\u548c\u5730\u4f4d\u4e0a\u5e73\u7b49\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4e0d\u80fd\u653e\u5f00\u9009\u7968\u653f\u6cbb\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u65b0\u751f\u7684\u52a0\u76df\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u515a\u653f\u7cbe\u82f1\u81ea\u5df1\u641e\u96c6\u6743\uff0c\u5219\u6210\u4e3a\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u9634\u9669\u7684\u7406\u7531\u3002\u4e0d\u653e\u5f00\u6c11\u4e3b\uff0c\u5219\u5730\u65b9\u515a\u653f\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u8981\u4e48\u5b8c\u5168\u53ef\u4ee5\u6f20\u89c6\u6c11\u610f\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u5c31\u5728\u6743\u5a01\u88ab\u6311\u6218\u4e4b\u65f6\uff0c\u53d8\u5f97\u5b8c\u5168\u6c11\u7cb9\u4e3b\u4e49\u4ee5\u4e89\u53d6\u652f\u6301\u3002\u5728\u7c73\u6d1b\u820d\u7ef4\u5947\u5728\u516b\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u7684\u201c\u53cd\u5b98\u50da\u9769\u547d\u201d\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u4e13\u5236\u653f\u6743\u4e0b\u52a8\u7528\u6c11\u7cb9\u4e3b\u4e49\u53d1\u52a8\u7fa4\u4f17\u6240\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u5e9e\u5927\u653f\u6cbb\u529b\u91cf\u3002<\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/i02piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/15fdccfb1d71bf39\" \/><\/p>\n<section>\u591a\u5e03\u91cc\u5bdf\u00b7\u4e54\u897f\u5947(Dobrica\u00a0\u0106osi\u0107)<\/section>\n<section>1974\u5e74\u5baa\u6cd5\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u843d\u5b9e\u515a\u653f\u5206\u5f00\uff0c\u5357\u5171\u7684\u6743\u5a01\u7ee7\u7eed\u4e0b\u964d\u3002\u867d\u7136\u6309\u71671952\u5e74\u5357\u5171\u516d\u5927\u51b3\u8bae\uff0c\u5357\u5171\u4e3b\u8981\u8d1f\u8d23\u601d\u60f3\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f46\u5357\u5171\u5728\u8fd9\u4ec5\u4f59\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e0a\u4e5f\u8868\u73b0\u4e0d\u8db3\u3002\u51b0\u5c01\u4e09\u5c3a\u975e\u4e00\u65e5\u4e4b\u5bd2\uff0c\u65e9\u5728\u4e94\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u94c1\u6258\u4fbf\u63d0\u5230\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u53d6\u6d88\u4e86\u4e2d\u592e\u515a\u6821\uff0c\u4f46\u6709\u4e9b\u5730\u65b9\u4e5f\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u53d6\u6d88\u4e86\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u515a\u6821\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u540e\u6765\u4e8b\u5b9e\u7ea0\u6b63\u4e86\u5b83\uff0c\u53c8\u91cd\u65b0\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e86\u515a\u6821\u548c\u8bad\u7ec3\u73ed\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u515a\u6821\u7684\u53d6\u6d88\u5c31\u662f\u9519\u8bef\u89c2\u70b9\u7684\u53cd\u6620\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5728\u5206\u6563\u7ba1\u7406\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u5c06\u81ea\u6d41\u5730\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u610f\u8bc6\u5728\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u5934\u8111\u4e2d\u4e5f\u4f1a\u81ea\u7136\u5730\u53d1\u5c55\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u201d(1956\u5e743\u6708\u5357\u5171\u516d\u5c4a\u516d\u4e2d\u5168\u4f1a\u5f00\u5e55\u8bcd)\u00a0\u4e8b\u5b9e\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u94c1\u6258\u4e00\u8bed\u6210\u8c36\uff0c\u5357\u5171\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u601d\u60f3\u5efa\u8bbe\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u5e76\u56e0\u591a\u6b21\u5730\u65b9\u5206\u6743\u800c\u6ecb\u751f\u5730\u65b9\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002\u5728\u514b\u7f57\u5730\u4e9a\u5927\u5b66\u751f\u7f62\u8bfe\u540e\uff0c\u94c1\u6258\u6307\u51fa\uff1a<\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section>\u201c\u5357\u5171\u8054\u76df\u6709\u601d\u60f3\u5371\u673a\u3002[\u2026]\u5404\u79cd\u62a5\u520a\u65e9\u5c31\u51fa\u73b0\u79cd\u79cd [\u2026]\u5426\u5b9a\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u5b66\u8bf4\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u800c\u6211\u4eec\u5374\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u4e88\u4ee5\u56de\u51fb\u3002\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5462\uff1f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u592a\u5927\u610f\u4e86\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5728\u6211\u56fd\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6837\u5e72\u548c\u8fd9\u6837\u8bf4\u3002[\u2026]\u6211\u4eec\u65e9\u5c31\u8be5\u91c7\u53d6\u63aa\u65bd\u4e86\u3002[\u2026]\u4f60\u4eec\u770b\u4e00\u770b\u5927\u5b66\u91cc [\u2026]\u7684\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u6559\u80b2\u8ba1\u5212\u5427\uff01\u6bd4\u5982\u8d1d\u5c14\u683c\u83b1\u5fb7\u5927\u5b66\u6bcf\u5468\u53ea\u4e0a\u4e24\u5802\u8bfe\u3002\u81f3\u4e8e\u8428\u683c\u52d2\u5e03\uff0c\u6211\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u5230\u5e95\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bfe\u7a0b\u3002[\u2026]\u5411\u4f4e\u5e74\u7ea7\u7684\u5c0f\u5b69\u8fd8\u8bb2\u4e00\u4e9b\u6211\u56fd\u7684\u4eba\u6c11\u89e3\u653e\u6597\u4e89 [\u2026]\u53ef\u662f\u5927\u5b66\u91cc\u5c31\u677e\u677e\u57ae\u57ae\u4e86\uff0c\u5b69\u5b50\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b66\u5230\u7684\u4e00\u70b9\u4e1c\u897f\u5230\u540e\u6765\u4e5f\u5c31\u5fd8\u6389\u4e86\u3002\u201d(1971\u5e7412\u67082\u65e5\u5357\u5171\u4e3b\u5e2d\u56e2\u95ed\u5e55\u8bcd)<\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section>\u4ece\u94c1\u6258\u7684\u8bdd\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u89c1\u5357\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u601d\u60f3\u5371\u673a\u4e4b\u6df1\u3002\u57281973\u5e74\u77f3\u6cb9\u5371\u673a\u4e0e\u53ca\u540e\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u653e\u7f13\u4e0b\uff0c\u52a0\u76df\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u7684\u515a\u653f\u7cbe\u82f1\u6025\u9700\u8f6c\u79fb\u89c6\u7ebf\uff0c\u628a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u505c\u6ede\u548c\u6b20\u7f3a\u6c11\u4e3b\uff0c\u523b\u610f\u89e3\u8bfb\u6210\u8054\u90a6\u4e2d\u592e\u672a\u6709\u5145\u5206\u5bf9\u52a0\u76df\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u5206\u6743\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6307\u8d23\u9694\u90bb\u7684\u52a0\u76df\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u662f\u81ea\u8eab\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u969c\u788d\u30021974\u5e74\u5baa\u6cd5\u4e3a\u8fd9\u79cd\u8a00\u8bba\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5145\u5206\u7684\u5e73\u53f0\u3002\u4ece1945-1974\u5e74\uff0c\u5357\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u9010\u6b65\u800c\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u91c7\u53d6\u201c\u5b8f\u89c2\u53bb\u4e2d\u592e\u5316\u201d\uff1b1974\u52301987\u5e74\uff0c\u5219\u540c\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\u6fc0\u8fdb\u7684\u201c\u5b8f\u89c2\u53bb\u4e2d\u592e\u5316\u201d\u548c\u201c\u5fae\u89c2\u4e2d\u592e\u5316\u201d\uff0c\u5373\u5728\u5f31\u5316\u8054\u90a6\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u5e9c\u6743\u5229\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u5f3a\u5316\u52a0\u76df\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u96c6\u6743\u3002\u8fd9\u6700\u540e\u6f14\u53d8\u6210\u516d\u4e2a\u52a0\u76df\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u548c\u4e24\u4e2a\u81ea\u6cbb\u7701\u7684\u201c\u516b\u4e2a\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u4e89\u593a\u4e2d\u592e\u63a7\u5236\u6743\u201d\u7684\u5c40\u9762\u3002\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u6cbb\u7cbe\u82f1\u4e5f\u8bd5\u56fe\u963b\u6b62\u6a2a\u8de8\u52a0\u76df\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u3001\u6db5\u76d6\u5168\u56fd\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u8fd0\u52a8\u5192\u8d77\uff0c\u4ee5\u514d\u5176\u6311\u6218\u52a0\u76df\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u7684\u65b0\u751f\u6743\u5a01\u3002\u5373\u4fbf\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u516d\u3001\u4e03\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u5357\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u65cf\u7fa4\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4ecd\u7136\u826f\u597d\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u65cf\u7fa4\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u8ddd\u79bb\u5e76\u4e0d\u8fdc\u3002\u57281962-1989\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u901a\u5a5a\u7387\u4e5f\u76f8\u5bf9\u5730\u9ad8\uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u670912.63%\uff0c\u4ee5\u79d1\u7d22\u6c83\u76846.98%\u6700\u4f4e\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f0f\u4f0a\u4f0f\u4e01\u90a3\u768425.95%\u4e3a\u6700\u9ad8\u3002\u7136\u800c\u597d\u666f\u4e0d\u957f\uff0c\u94c1\u6258\u7684\u901d\u4e16\u5c06\u4f7f\u5f97\u5357\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u79ef\u7d2f\u7684\u77db\u76fe\u96c6\u4e2d\u7206\u53d1\u3002<\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section><img src=\"https:\/\/i02piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/6a2e32cbc52a8d16\" \/><\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section>\u4e03\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u514b\u7f57\u5730\u4e9a\u6d77\u6ee8\u57ce\u5e02\u675c\u5e03\u7f57\u592b\u5c3c\u514b\u00a0(Dubrovnik)\u00a0\u4e00\u666f<\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section>2<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section>1980\u5e745\u67084\u65e5\u94c1\u6258\u901d\u4e16\uff0c\u8054\u5408\u56fd154\u4e2a\u6210\u5458\u56fd\u5bb6\u6709128\u4e2a\u6d3e\u4ee3\u8868\u51fa\u5e2d\u4e27\u793c\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u67094\u540d\u56fd\u738b\u30016\u540d\u738b\u5b50\u300131\u540d\u603b\u7edf\u300122\u540d\u603b\u7406\u300147\u540d\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8\u957f\uff0c\u6db5\u76d6\u51b7\u6218\u4e24\u65b9\uff0c\u573a\u9762\u76db\u5927\u3002\u94c1\u6258\u66fe\u7ecf\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u521b\u9020\u7684\u5357\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u7cfb\u7edf\u5145\u6ee1\u4fe1\u5fc3\uff0c\u8bf4\u8fc7\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u4e00\u573a\u5927\u578b\u8bb0\u8005\u62db\u5f85\u4f1a\u4e0a\uff0c\u201c\u6709\u4eba\u95ee\u6211\uff0c\u6211\u8eab\u540e\u4f1a\u600e\u4e48\u6837\uff1f\u6211\u56de\u7b54\u8bf4\uff1a\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u4efb\u4f55\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u201d\u00a0(1971\u5e7412\u67082\u65e5\u5357\u5171\u4e3b\u5e2d\u56e2\u95ed\u5e55\u8bcd)\u00a0\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u94c1\u6258\u665a\u5e74\uff0c\u5357\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u793e\u4f1a\u5df2\u7ecf\u5343\u75ae\u767e\u5b54\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u6025\u901f\u8d70\u4e0b\u5761\u3002\u5728\u94c1\u6258\u53bb\u4e16\u76841980\u5e74\uff0c\u603b\u5931\u4e1a\u4eba\u53e3\u8fbe\u5230\u4e00\u767e\u4e07\u4eba\uff0c\u5931\u4e1a\u7387\u9ad8\u4f01\u8fbe10%\u3002GDP\u589e\u957f\u4ece1956-1964\u5e74\u95f4\u76848.8%\u51cf\u5c11\u52301980-1984\u5e74\u76840.4%\u3002\u5230\u4e861984\u5e74\uff0c\u9664\u514b\u7f57\u5730\u4e9a\u3001\u65af\u6d1b\u6587\u5c3c\u4e9a\u5916\uff0c\u5404\u52a0\u76df\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u7684\u5931\u4e1a\u7387\u90fd\u9ad8\u4f01\u572820%\uff0c\u800c\u901a\u6da8\u7387\u5219\u8fbe\u523050%\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u7ee7\u7eed\u4e0a\u5347\u3002\u53ca\u81f31985\u5e74\uff0c\u5931\u4e1a\u4eba\u53e3\u6709\u516d\u6210\u662f25\u5c81\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u9752\u5e74\uff1b25\u5c81\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4eba\u53e3\u7ec4\u522b\u6709\u56db\u6210\u5931\u4e1a\u3002\u5168\u56fd\u66f4\u6709\u56db\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u4eba\u53e3\u5728\u8d2b\u7a77\u7ebf\u4e4b\u4e0b\u3002<\/section>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/img1.baidu.com\/it\/u=2755457706,2890322261&amp;fm=253&amp;fmt=auto&amp;app=120&amp;f=JPEG?w=825&amp;h=500\" \/><\/p>\n<section><\/section>\n<section>1980\u5e745\u67088\u65e5\u94c1\u6258\u4e27\u793c\uff0c\u6709128\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u4ee3\u8868\u51fa\u5e2d<\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section>\u5982\u524d\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u5357\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u5404\u52a0\u76df\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6761\u4ef6\u5dee\u5f02\u6781\u5927\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u539f\u56e0\u5305\u62ec\u5de5\u4eba\u81ea\u6cbb\u4f01\u4e1a\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b9e\u884c\u81ea\u7531\u7ade\u4e89\uff0c\u4fc3\u4f7f\u4f01\u4e1a\u538b\u7f29\u6295\u8d44\u6bd4\u7387\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u4eba\u624b\uff1b\u800c\u4e14\u653f\u5e9c\u81ea1964-1965\u5e74\u5e02\u573a\u5316\u6539\u9769\u540e\u4fbf\u653e\u5f03\u8ba1\u5212\u7ecf\u6d4e\uff0c\u53ea\u901a\u8fc7\u56fd\u6709\u94f6\u884c\u8c03\u8282\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3002\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u5411\u5730\u65b9\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u4e0b\u653e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u51b3\u7b56\u6743\uff0c\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5730\u65b9\u80fd\u591f\u51b3\u5b9a\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u798f\u5229\u3001\u516c\u8425\u4f01\u4e1a\u85aa\u916c\u8868\u548c\u62db\u8058\u91cf\uff0c\u5168\u5357\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u5e02\u573a\u4e5f\u4e00\u76f4\u6ca1\u6709\u5f62\u6210\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u201c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u524d\u666f\u5b8c\u5168\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u4ed6\u6240\u5904\u7684\u5730\u533a\u548c\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u201d\u4f46\u662f\u94c1\u6258\u7684\u5b98\u65b9\u7acb\u573a\u662f\uff1a\u201c\u5357\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u00a0[\u2026]\u5728\u6d89\u53ca\u4f8b\u5982\u5c31\u4e1a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u51b3\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u8ba1\u8f83\u5404\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u4eba\u6570\u3002\u6211\u4e00\u76f4\u4e3b\u5f20\uff0c\u5728\u6211\u56fd\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u90e8\u95e8\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u6d3b\u91cc\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u8981\u770b\u80fd\u529b\u201d\u3002(1971\u5e7412\u67082\u65e5\u5357\u5171\u4e3b\u5e2d\u56e2\u95ed\u5e55\u8bcd)\u00a0\u7ed3\u679c\u4f01\u4e1a\u4e3a\u4e86\u81ea\u4fdd\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u5f00\u9664\u90a3\u4e9b\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u5bb6\u5ead\u7ecf\u6d4e\u652f\u6301\u7684\u5973\u6027\u548c\u5e74\u8f7b\u4eba\uff0c\u5176\u6b21\u662f\u79fb\u6c11\u548c\u519c\u6c11\u5de5\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u81ea\u5df1\u65cf\u88d4\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\uff0c\u4ee5\u8feb\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4eec\u79bb\u5f00\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u9971\u548c\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u8d2b\u56f0\u7684\u4e61\u4e0b\u3002<\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section>\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u5404\u52a0\u76df\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u548c\u81ea\u6cbb\u7701\u7684\u65cf\u7fa4\u5173\u7cfb\u5341\u5206\u7d27\u5f20\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5728\u79d1\u7d22\u6c83\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5c11\u6570\u7684\u585e\u5c14\u7ef4\u4e9a\u4eba\uff0c\u5c31\u6df1\u9677\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5371\u673a\u5f53\u4e2d\u3002\u6700\u540e\u8fde\u5357\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u7684\u585e\u65cf\u4eba\u6574\u4f53\u90fd\u4e27\u5931\u5b89\u5168\u611f\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u5b89\u4e8e\u591a\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u8054\u90a6\u4f53\u5236\u3002\u6ce2\u65af\u5c3c\u4e9a\u4e5f\u5f00\u59cb\u51fa\u73b0\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u7acb\u56fd\u8bba\u3002\u5728\u5357\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u89e3\u4f53\u540e\u51fa\u4efb\u6ce2\u65af\u5c3c\u4e9a\uff0d\u9ed1\u585e\u54e5\u7ef4\u90a3\u00a0(Bosnia-Herzegovina)\u00a0\u603b\u7edf\u7684\u963f\u5229\u96c5\u00b7\u4f0a\u6cfd\u7279\u8d1d\u6208\u7ef4\u5947\u00a0(Alija Izetbegovi\u0107)\uff0c\u5728\u4e8c\u6218\u65f6\u66fe\u53c2\u4e0e\u62db\u63fd\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u7684\u7eb3\u7cb9\u515a\u536b\u519b\u5916\u56f4\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3002\u4ed6\u57281970\u5e74\u64b0\u5199\u300a\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u5ba3\u8a00\u300b\uff0c\u7cbe\u795e\u4e0a\u5ef6\u7eed\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u7684\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u8bba\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u5728\u6ce2\u65af\u5c3c\u4e9a\u590d\u5174\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u6b64\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c1983\u5e74\u4ed6\u56e0\u6b64\u5ba3\u8a00\u88ab\u902e\u6355\u76d1\u7981\u3002\u5728\u4e5d\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u6ce2\u65af\u5c3c\u4e9a\u6218\u4e89\u65f6\uff0c\u585e\u65cf\u6b66\u88c5\u5c06\u53cd\u8986\u5f15\u7528\u4ed6\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u6765\u8bc1\u660e\u6ce2\u65af\u5c3c\u4e9a\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u6709\u5efa\u7acb\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u539f\u6559\u65e8\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u4f01\u56fe\u3002<\/section>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/img0.baidu.com\/it\/u=2311850151,2278926333&amp;fm=253&amp;fmt=auto&amp;app=138&amp;f=JPEG?w=500&amp;h=685\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u963f\u5229\u96c5\u00b7\u4f0a\u6cfd\u7279\u8d1d\u6208\u7ef4\u5947<\/p>\n<p><strong><img src=\"https:\/\/i03piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/d6a41bd56b1ae15c\" \/><\/strong><\/p>\n<section>1968\u5e744\u6708\uff0c\u963f\u5c14\u5df4\u5c3c\u4e9a\u6c11\u4f17\u9009\u8d2d\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u8bed\u5f55<\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section>\u6311\u6218\u8fd8\u6765\u81ea\u5357\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u4e00\u5ea6\u60f3\u517c\u5e76\u7684\u963f\u5c14\u5df4\u5c3c\u4e9a\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u3002\u94c1\u6258\u66fe\u8bf4\u8fc7\u201c\u2026\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u5e94\u5f53\u662f\u4f7f\u5404\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u63a5\u8fd1\u7684\u6865\u6881\uff0c\u5e94\u5f53\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u6240\u5c5e\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u548c\u73b0\u5728\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u7956\u56fd\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u53cb\u8c0a\u4e0e\u5408\u4f5c\u4f5c\u51fa\u8d21\u732e\u3002\u201d(1974\u5e745\u670827\u65e5\u5357\u5171\u5341\u5927\u62a5\u544a)\u00a0\u79d1\u7d22\u6c83\u7684\u963f\u5c14\u5df4\u5c3c\u4e9a\u4eba\u5728\u5357\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u4eab\u6709\u81ea\u6cbb\u6743\u548c\u6587\u5316\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u662f\u4e0e\u963f\u5c14\u5df4\u5c3c\u4e9a\u53cb\u597d\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002\u7136\u800c\u963f\u5c14\u5df4\u5c3c\u4e9a\u57281948\u5e74\u82cf\u5357\u4ea4\u6076\u540e\u4fbf\u758f\u8fdc\u5357\u65af\u62c9\u592b\uff0c1960\u5e74\u4e2d\u82cf\u4ea4\u6076\u540e\u53c8\u5411\u4e2d\u56fd\u9760\u62e2\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u5168\u6b27\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u6700\u53cb\u597d\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u51b3\u5b9a\u5168\u529b\u7ecf\u6d4e\u63f4\u52a9\u963f\u5c14\u5df4\u5c3c\u4e9a\uff0c\u5e76\u6700\u540e\u4e89\u53d6\u5230\u963f\u56fd\u652f\u6301\u4e2d\u5171\u53d6\u5f97\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u5e2d\u4f4d\u30021961\u5e74\u8d77\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e3a\u963f\u56fd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u4e94\u5e74\u8ba1\u5212\u63d0\u4f9b1.25\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u501f\u6b3e\uff0c\u5efa\u8bbe\u4e8c\u5341\u4e94\u5ea7\u5316\u5de5\u3001\u7535\u673a\u548c\u51b6\u91d1\u5382\u3002\u963f\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u793e\u4f1a\u8fc5\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u8bc6\u5b57\u7387\u4ece5%\u00a0\u4e00\u8dc3\u4e3a98%\uff1b\u5176\u66fe\u662f\u6b27\u6d32\u552f\u4e00\u6ca1\u6709\u94c1\u8def\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u81f31980\u5e74\u5efa\u6210319\u516c\u91cc\u7ebf\u8def\uff0c\u5e76\u4e8e\u4e03\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u671f\u5efa\u6210\u5168\u56fd\u7535\u7f51\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6bd4\u540c\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fd8\u5148\u8fdb\u3002\u4f9d\u9760\u4e2d\u56fd\u63f4\u52a9\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u53d1\u5c55\u5947\u8ff9\u7684\u963f\u5c14\u5df4\u5c3c\u4e9a\uff0c\u81ea\u79f0\u662f\u201c\u6b27\u6d32\u6700\u6210\u529f\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u201d\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u79d1\u7d22\u6c83\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u963f\u5c14\u5df4\u5c3c\u4e9a\u88d4\u5927\u5b66\u751f\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u963f\u5c14\u5df4\u5c3c\u4e9a\u624d\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u5973\u6027\u5e73\u7b49\uff0c\u6d88\u706d\u4e86\u5b98\u50da\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u4e14\u4e0d\u5982\u5357\u65af\u62c9\u592b\uff0c\u62d2\u7edd\u4e0e\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u897f\u65b9\u59a5\u534f\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u624d\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u7956\u56fd\u3002<\/section>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/img0.baidu.com\/it\/u=1746457355,2083078772&amp;fm=253&amp;fmt=auto?w=713&amp;h=891\" \/><\/p>\n<section><\/section>\n<p>\u963f\u5c14\u5df4\u5c3c\u4e9a\u81ea\u79f0\u662f\u201c\u6b27\u6d32\u6700\u6210\u529f\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u201d<\/p>\n<section>\u79d1\u7d22\u6c83\u7684\u963f\u5c14\u5df4\u5c3c\u4e9a\u4eba\u5728\u516d\u4e03\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u5f00\u59cb\u8fdb\u5165\u81ea\u6cbb\u7701\u653f\u5e9c\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u5b98\u50da\u9636\u7ea7\u3002\u79d1\u7d22\u6c83\u7684\u4e13\u4e0a\u5b66\u5e9c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e3b\u8981\u63d0\u4f9b\u6295\u8003\u653f\u5e9c\u5de5\u4f5c\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6587\u79d1\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5b9e\u73b0\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u804c\u4e1a\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u5b66\u751f\u6bd5\u4e1a\u5373\u5931\u4e1a\u3002\u7136\u800c\u5b66\u751f\u5360\u4eba\u53e3\u6bd4\u7387\u6781\u9ad8\uff0c\u5de7\u5408\u8ddf\u5931\u4e1a\u7387\u4e00\u6837\u4e3a27.5%\u3002\u79d1\u7d22\u6c83\u9996\u90fd\u666e\u91cc\u4ec0\u8482\u7eb3\u00a0(Pri\u0161tina)\u751a\u81f3\u6709\u5341\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u4eba\u53e3\u662f\u5927\u5b66\u751f\u3002\u79d1\u7d22\u6c83\u7684\u516b\u6210\u4eba\u53e3\u662f\u5728\u79c1\u6709\u4f01\u4e1a\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5de5\u4eba\u81ea\u6cbb\u4f01\u4e1a\u4e2d\u5c31\u4e1a\uff0c\u83b7\u5f97\u62db\u8058\u4e0e\u5426\u5f88\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5bb6\u5ead\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u65cf\u7fa4\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u79d1\u7d22\u6c83\u5f53\u65f6\u662f\u585e\u5c14\u7ef4\u4e9a\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u4e0b\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u6cbb\u7701\uff1b\u5927\u5b66\u751f\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u79d1\u7d22\u6c83\u5730\u4f4d\u80fd\u591f\u4e0a\u5347\u4e3a\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u52a0\u76df\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u624d\u53ef\u4ee5\u593a\u56de\u7ecf\u6d4e\u51b3\u7b56\u6743\u30021981\u5e743\u670811\u65e5\uff0c\u94c1\u6258\u53bb\u4e16\u540e\u4e0d\u591f\u4e00\u5e74\uff0c\u666e\u91cc\u4ec0\u8482\u7eb3\u5927\u5b66\u751f\u793a\u5a01\uff0c\u89e6\u53d1\u70b9\u7adf\u7136\u662f\u98df\u5802\u98df\u7269\u96be\u5403\u3002\u793a\u5a01\u6301\u7eed\u591a\u6708\uff0c\u7ec8\u4e8e\u5728\u519b\u8b66\u9547\u538b\u4e0b\u544a\u7ec8\uff0c\u8fd1\u516d\u5341\u4e07\u4eba\u88ab\u6293\u6355\u3001\u76d1\u7981\u548c\u5ba1\u95ee\uff0c\u79d1\u7d22\u6c83\u5f62\u540c\u5360\u9886\u533a\u3002\u6b64\u540e\u5357\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u5e9c\u5bf9\u79d1\u7d22\u6c83\u7684\u963f\u5c14\u5df4\u5c3c\u4e9a\u88d4\u515a\u653f\u9886\u5bfc\u96be\u4ee5\u653e\u5fc3\uff0c\u4f46\u53c8\u56e0\u5730\u65b9\u5206\u6743\u548c\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u7b80\u5355\u6e05\u9664\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u5458\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u5c31\u884d\u751f\u5728\u79d1\u7d22\u6c83\u81ea\u6cbb\u7701\u5185\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5c11\u6570\u7684\u585e\u5c14\u7ef4\u4e9a\u4eba\u6743\u76ca\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/section>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/img1.baidu.com\/it\/u=285820225,3473372879&amp;fm=253&amp;fmt=auto?w=800&amp;h=561\" \/><\/p>\n<section><\/section>\n<p>1912\u5e74\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5df4\u5c14\u5e72\u6218\u4e89\u4f5c\u6218\u56fe<\/p>\n<section>1912-1913\u5e74\u4e24\u6b21\u5df4\u5c14\u5e72\u6218\u4e89\u4e2d\uff0c\u585e\u5c14\u7ef4\u4e9a\u3001\u5e0c\u814a\u3001\u4fdd\u52a0\u5229\u4e9a\u3001\u9ed1\u5c71\u3001\u7f57\u9a6c\u5c3c\u4e9a\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u8054\u76df\u5411\u5965\u65af\u66fc\u5e1d\u56fd\u53d1\u52a8\u603b\u653b\u51fb\uff0c\u6536\u56de\u79d1\u7d22\u6c83\u5230\u4f0a\u65af\u5766\u5821\u4ee5\u897f\u4e00\u767e\u591a\u516c\u91cc\u5904\u7684\u5927\u7247\u571f\u5730\u3002\u79d1\u7d22\u6c83\u5728\u585e\u5c14\u7ef4\u4e9a\u4e2d\u53e4\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u4f461913\u5e74\u585e\u5c14\u7ef4\u4e9a\u6536\u56de\u79d1\u7d22\u6c83\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5176\u585e\u65cf\u4eba\u53e3\u76f8\u5bf9\u963f\u5c14\u5df4\u5c3c\u4e9a\u4eba\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u4e3a\u5c11\u6570\u30021986\u5e74\uff0c\u524d\u5b9e\u8df5\u5b66\u6d3e\u9886\u8896\u7c73\u54c8\u4f0a\u6d1b\u2219\u9a6c\u5c14\u79d1\u7ef4\u5947\u00a0(Mihailo Markovi\u0107)\u3001\u591a\u5e03\u91cc\u5bdf\u00b7\u4e54\u897f\u5947\u00a0(Dobrica\u00a0\u0106osi\u0107)\u00a0\u00a0\u7b49\u4eba\u53d1\u8868\u300a\u585e\u5c14\u7ef4\u4e9a\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u827a\u672f\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u53d1\u8868\u5907\u5fd8\u5f55\u300b(SANU memorandum)\uff0c\u6307\u8d23\u963f\u5c14\u5df4\u5c3c\u4e9a\u4eba\u5229\u7528\u9ad8\u51fa\u751f\u7387\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5bf9\u4ed8\u585e\u65cf\u4eba\u7684\u6b66\u5668\uff0c\u53c8\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5728\u4e8c\u6218\u4e2d\u53d7\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5fb7\u519b\u3001\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u610f\u519b\u62db\u63fd\u7684\u963f\u5c14\u5df4\u5c3c\u4e9a\u4eba\uff0c\u4ece\u6765\u65e0\u610f\u53c2\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u8ba4\u540c\u5357\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u653f\u6743\uff0c\u5e76\u6b8b\u7559\u7740\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u503e\u5411\u3002\u66f4\u6307\u51fa\u963f\u5c14\u5df4\u5c3c\u4e9a\u4eba\u4ece\u6765\u90fd\u53d7\u60e0\u4e8e\u5f3a\u5927\u56fd\u5916\u52bf\u529b\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff1a\u4ece\u5965\u65af\u66fc\u5e1d\u56fd\uff0c\u5230\u5965\u5308\u5e1d\u56fd\uff0c\u5230\u610f\u5927\u5229\u548c\u5fb7\u56fd\uff0c\u5230\u6cdb\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u8fd0\u52a8\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u9a6c\u5c14\u79d1\u7ef4\u5947\u5efa\u8bae\u5728\u79d1\u7d22\u6c83\u5b9e\u884c\u5f3a\u5236\u8ba1\u5212\u751f\u80b2\uff0c\u5e76\u64a4\u9500\u90e8\u5206\u5bf9\u8be5\u81ea\u6cbb\u7701\u7684\u6295\u8d44\uff0c\u8b66\u544a\u4e0d\u5982\u6b64\u505a\u7684\u8bdd\u5c31\u4f1a\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\u5b55\u80b2\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002\u5148\u540e\u62c5\u4efb\u585e\u5c14\u7ef4\u4e9a\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u603b\u7406\u548c\u603b\u7edf\u7684\u4f0a\u4e07\u00b7\u65af\u5766\u9c8d\u5229\u5947\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u516c\u5f00\u8868\u6001\u53cd\u5bf9\u5907\u5fd8\u5f55\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd8\u662f\u5728\u660e\u5728\u6697\u4e0e\u963f\u5c14\u5df4\u5c3c\u4e9a\u88d4\u515a\u653f\u7cbe\u82f1\u89d2\u529b\uff0c\u4e3b\u5f20\u524a\u51cf\u81ea\u6cbb\u6743\uff0c\u5ba3\u79f0\u8981\u4fdd\u62a4\u79d1\u7d22\u6c83\u7684\u585e\u65cf\u4eba\u548c\u9ed1\u5c71\u4eba\u7684\u6743\u76ca\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5373\u4f7f\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u5927\u585e\u5c14\u7ef4\u4e9a\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u201d\u4e5f\u5728\u6240\u4e0d\u8ba1\u3002<\/section>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/i02piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/8a0ea3fe73ed0f69\" \/><\/p>\n<section>\u4e00\u8a00\u4e27\u90a6\uff1a\u7c73\u6d1b\u820d\u7ef4\u5947\u558a\u51fa\u201c\u4f60\u4eec\u4e0d\u4f1a\u518d\u6328\u6253\uff01\u201d\u4e00\u5e55<\/section>\n<p>\u65af\u5766\u9c8d\u5229\u5947\u5728\u51fa\u4efb\u585e\u5c14\u7ef4\u4e9a\u5171\u76df\u4e66\u8bb0\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6276\u690d\u5176\u597d\u53cb\u65af\u6d1b\u535a\u4e39\u00b7\u7c73\u6d1b\u820d\u7ef4\u5947 (Slobodan Milo\u0161evi\u0107)\u51fa\u4efb\u585e\u5c14\u7ef4\u4e9a\u4e2d\u592e\u94f6\u884c\u884c\u957f\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u4ed6\u57281984\u6210\u529f\u7ade\u9009\u8d1d\u5c14\u683c\u83b1\u5fb7\u5e02\u59d4\u4e66\u8bb0\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u57281986\u5e74\u63a5\u4efb\u585e\u5c14\u7ef4\u4e9a\u5171\u76df\u4e66\u8bb0\u3002\u7c73\u6d1b\u820d\u7ef4\u5947\u51fa\u751f\u4e8e1941\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u4e8c\u6218\u65f6\u671f\u548c\u6218\u540e\u5357\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0b\u957f\u5927\uff0c\u4f46\u5bb6\u5ead\u80cc\u666f\u53ef\u8c13\u60b2\u60e8\uff0c\u7236\u4eb2\u4e3a\u4e1c\u6b63\u6559\u795e\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c1962\u5e74\u56e0\u6545\u81ea\u6740\uff0c\u5176\u6bcd\u4eb2\u5728\u5341\u5e74\u540e\u81ea\u6740\uff0c\u800c\u4ed6\u5728\u5357\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u4eba\u6c11\u519b\u5b98\u81f3\u5c11\u5c06\u7684\u5144\u957f\uff0c\u4e5f\u57281963\u5e74\u81ea\u6740\u3002\u7c73\u6d1b\u820d\u7ef4\u5947\u662f\u4e2a\u75c5\u6001\u653f\u6cbb\u8d4c\u5f92\uff0c\u4e5f\u5584\u4e8e\u64cd\u63a7\u5a92\u4f53\u30021987\u5e744\u670824\u65e5\uff0c\u7c73\u6d1b\u820d\u7ef4\u5947\u5728\u79d1\u7d22\u6c83\u5411\u585e\u65cf\u4eba\u8bb2\u8bdd\uff0c\u4e8b\u5148\u4e32\u901a\u585e\u65cf\u4eba\u641e\u4e8b\uff1b\u8bb2\u8bdd\u65f6\uff0c\u5728\u573a\u7684\u4e00\u4e07\u4e94\u5343\u540d\u585e\u65cf\u548c\u9ed1\u5c71\u4eba\u4e0e\u963f\u5c14\u5df4\u5c3c\u4e9a\u88d4\u8b66\u5bdf\u63a8\u649e\uff0c\u906d\u8b66\u5bdf\u68cd\u6bb4\uff0c\u7fa4\u4f17\u4ee5\u6295\u63b7\u51c6\u5907\u591a\u65f6\u7684\u77f3\u5757\u8fd8\u51fb\u3002\u7c73\u6d1b\u820d\u7ef4\u5947\u9a6c\u4e0a\u62b5\u8fbe\u73b0\u573a\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u7535\u89c6\u955c\u5934\u524d\u5411\u5728\u573a\u7684\u585e\u65cf\u4eba\u8bf4\u4e86\u4e00\u53e5\uff1a\u201c\u4f60\u4eec\u4e0d\u4f1a\u518d\u6328\u6253\uff01\u201d\u6b64\u8a00\u4e00\u591c\u4f20\u904d\u5357\u65af\u62c9\u592b\uff0c\u7c73\u6d1b\u820d\u7ef4\u5947\u4e00\u8a00\u4e27\u90a6\u30029\u67083\u65e5\uff0c\u79d1\u7d22\u6c83\u5e15\u62c9\u7434 (Para\u0107in) \u53d1\u751f\u67aa\u51fb\u6848\uff0c\u4e00\u540d\u66fe\u4e8e1984\u5e74\u4f01\u56fe\u53db\u9003\u963f\u5c14\u5df4\u5c3c\u4e9a\u88ab\u6349\u6355\u7684\u963f\u5c14\u5df4\u5c3c\u4e9a\u88d4\u58eb\u5175\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u5927\u963f\u5c14\u5df4\u5c3c\u4e9a\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u534f\u52a9\u4e0b\uff0c\u67aa\u6740\u591a\u540d\u585e\u65cf\u540c\u888d\u540e\u81ea\u6740\u3002\u4e24\u65cf\u5173\u7cfb\u524d\u6240\u672a\u6709\u5730\u7d27\u5f20\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u540d\u585e\u65cf\u58eb\u5175\u5728\u8d1d\u5c14\u683c\u83b1\u5fb7\u4e3e\u884c\u4e27\u793c\u65f6\uff0c\u6709\u4e24\u4e07\u4eba\u9001\u6ba1\uff0c\u7fa4\u4f17\u6e38\u884c\u5230\u5927\u5357\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u4e9a\u5386\u5c71\u5927\u00b7\u5170\u79d1\u7ef4\u5947 (Aleksandar Rankovi\u0107)\u575f\u524d\u62dc\u796d\uff0c\u5e76\u9ad8\u5531\u5357\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u56fd\u6b4c\u7684\u201c\u55e8\uff0c\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u4eba\uff01\u201d\u65af\u5766\u9c8d\u5229\u5947\u4e3b\u5f20\u4e0e\u963f\u5c14\u5df4\u5c3c\u4e9a\u88d4\u515a\u653f\u9886\u5bfc\u8010\u5fc3\u78cb\u5546\uff0c\u4f46\u7c73\u6d1b\u820d\u7ef4\u5947\u5374\u4e3b\u5f20\u5f3a\u786c\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u4e24\u4eba\u50f5\u6301\u4e0d\u4e0b\u30021987\u5e749\u670822\u65e5\uff0c\u585e\u5c14\u7ef4\u4e9a\u5171\u76df\u4e3e\u884c\u5341\u5c4a\u516b\u4e2d\u5168\u4f1a\uff0c\u7c73\u6d1b\u820d\u7ef4\u5947\u7cbe\u5fc3\u5b89\u6392\u4e86\u7535\u89c6\u76f4\u64ad\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u955c\u5934\u524d\u5ba3\u8bfb\u4e00\u540d\u515a\u59d4\u6240\u5199\u3001\u4e3e\u62a5\u65af\u5766\u9c8d\u5229\u5947\u65bd\u538b\u7684\u4fe1\uff0c\u6210\u529f\u6253\u5012\u4e86\u65af\u5766\u9c8d\u5229\u5947\u3002<\/p>\n<section>1987\u5e74\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u7c73\u6d1b\u820d\u7ef4\u5947\u9010\u6b65\u89e3\u9664\u79d1\u7d22\u6c83\u7684\u81ea\u6cbb\u6743\uff0c\u8feb\u4f7f\u515a\u653f\u548c\u4f20\u5a92\u673a\u5173\u6e05\u9664\u963f\u5c14\u5df4\u5c3c\u4e9a\u88d4\u5e72\u90e8\uff0c\u4ee5\u585e\u65cf\u4eba\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e4b\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0b\u4ee4\u666e\u91cc\u4ec0\u8482\u7eb3\u5927\u5b66\u51cf\u5c11\u963f\u5c14\u5df4\u5c3c\u4e9a\u88d4\u5b66\u989d\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u585e\u65cf\u4eba\u548c\u9ed1\u5c71\u4eba\u5b66\u989d\u30021988-1989\u5e74\u7c73\u6d1b\u820d\u7ef4\u5947\u53d1\u8d77\u201c\u53cd\u5b98\u50da\u9769\u547d\u201d(Anti-bureaucratic Revolution)\u00a0\uff0c\u53d1\u52a8\u585e\u65cf\u7fa4\u4f17\u62a2\u593a\u79d1\u7d22\u6c83\u3001\u4f0f\u4f0a\u4f0f\u4e01\u90a3\u4e24\u4e2a\u81ea\u6cbb\u7701\u548c\u9ed1\u5c71\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u7684\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u515a\u653f\u9886\u5bfc\u6743\uff0c\u5e76\u8d81\u673a\u5b89\u63d2\u4eb2\u4fe1\u3002\u7c73\u6d1b\u820d\u7ef4\u5947\u6240\u652f\u6301\u7684\u201c\u5c0f\u5c06\u201d\u4e0d\u5c11\u6781\u4e3a\u5e74\u8f7b\uff0c\u6bd4\u598226\u5c81\u7684\u7c73\u6d1b\u00b7\u4e45\u5361\u8bfa\u7ef4\u5947(Milo\u00a0\u0110ukanovi\u0107)\u6253\u5012\u4e86\u8001\u515a\u59d4\uff0c1991\u5e74\u62c5\u4efb\u9ed1\u5c71\u603b\u7406\u65f6\u624d29\u5c81\u30021989\u5e742\u6708\u79d1\u7d22\u6c83\u4e3e\u884c\u603b\u7f62\u5de5\uff0c\u634d\u536b\u963f\u5c14\u5df4\u5c3c\u4e9a\u88d4\u539f\u7701\u59d4\u4e3b\u5e2d\u963f\u68ee\u00b7\u5f17\u62c9\u897f\u00a0(Azem Vllasi)\u3002\u5728\u8d1d\u5c14\u683c\u83b1\u5fb7\uff0c\u6570\u5341\u4e07\u585e\u65cf\u6c11\u4f17\u805a\u96c6\u56fd\u4f1a\u524d\u5730\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u4e25\u60e9\u5f17\u62c9\u897f\u3002\u79d1\u7d22\u6c83\u7f62\u5de5\u906d\u7c73\u6d1b\u820d\u7ef4\u5947\u6d3e\u5766\u514b\u90e8\u961f\u9547\u538b\uff0c\u5f17\u62c9\u897f\u5219\u88ab\u63a7\u53cd\u9769\u547d\u7f6a\uff0c\u906d\u902e\u6355\u5173\u62bc\u30026\u670828\u65e5\uff0c\u7c73\u6d1b\u820d\u7ef4\u5947\u5728\u79d1\u7d22\u6c83\u53e4\u6218\u573a\u560e\u5179\u8511\u65af\u5766\u00a0(Gazimestan\uff0c\u201c\u753b\u7709\u576a\u201d)\u00a0\u53d1\u8868\u6f14\u8bf4\uff0c\u7eaa\u5ff51389\u5e74\u5965\u65af\u66fc\u5e1d\u56fd\u6253\u8d25\u585e\u5c14\u7ef4\u4e9a\u738b\u56fd\u7684\u79d1\u7d22\u6c83\u6218\u5f79\u516d\u767e\u5468\u5e74\uff0c\u5927\u8086\u5ba3\u626c\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u5ba3\u79f0\u79d1\u7d22\u6c83\u624d\u662f\u585e\u65cf\u7684\u53d1\u6e90\u5730\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u8981\u4fdd\u536b\u585e\u65cf\u5c11\u6570\u6743\u76ca\uff0c\u5e76\u6279\u8bc41974\u5e74\u5206\u6743\u5baa\u6cd5\u3002\u5728\u201c\u53cd\u5b98\u50da\u9769\u547d\u201d\u53d1\u751f\u540e\uff0c\u514b\u7f57\u5730\u4e9a\u3001\u65af\u6d1b\u6587\u5c3c\u4e9a\u515a\u653f\u5e72\u90e8\u4eba\u4eba\u81ea\u5371\u30021990\u5e741\u6708\u5357\u5171\u4e3e\u884c\u5341\u56db\u5927\uff0c\u65af\u6d1b\u6587\u5c3c\u4e9a\u515a\u59d4\u63d0\u51fa\u4fee\u6b631974\u5e74\u5baa\u6cd5\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u52a0\u5927\u5206\u6743\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6210\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u975e\u5bf9\u79f0\u8054\u90a6\u201d(asymmetrical federation)\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u88ab\u5426\u51b3\u3002\u7c73\u6d1b\u820d\u7ef4\u5947\u5229\u7528\u4e0e\u4f1a\u8005\u591a\u6570\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u5411\u65af\u6d1b\u6587\u5c3c\u4e9a\u65bd\u538b\uff0c\u4f46\u65af\u6d1b\u6587\u5c3c\u4e9a\u3001\u514b\u7f57\u5730\u4e9a\u4ee3\u8868\u5374\u594b\u8d77\u6297\u8bae\uff0c\u4e2d\u9014\u79bb\u573a\uff1b\u5357\u5171\u81f3\u6b64\u5206\u88c2\u30029\u6708\uff0c\u7c73\u6d1b\u820d\u7ef4\u5947\u5ba3\u5e03\u6536\u56de\u79d1\u7d22\u6c83\u3001\u4f0f\u4f0a\u4f0f\u4e01\u90a3\u4e24\u7701\u81ea\u6cbb\u6743\uff0c\u7f6e\u5176\u4e8e\u585e\u5c14\u7ef4\u4e9a\u76f4\u63a5\u7ba1\u8f96\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff1b\u4e5d\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u7684\u79d1\u7d22\u6c83\u5f62\u540c\u79cd\u65cf\u9694\u79bb\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002<\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section>3<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section>\u585e\u65cf\u4eba\u4e5f\u8bb8\u89c9\u5f97\uff0c\u585e\u5c14\u7ef4\u4e9a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u552f\u4e00\u9700\u8981\u5212\u5206\u51fa\u81ea\u6cbb\u7701\u7684\u5171\u548c\u56fd\uff0c\u5982\u6b64\u5b89\u6392\u5e76\u4e0d\u516c\u5e73\u3002\u4f46\u4e8b\u5b9e\u662f\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f31\u52bf\u7684\u585e\u5c14\u7ef4\u4e9a\u5176\u5b9e\u5bf9\u5357\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u7684\u56e2\u7ed3\u6709\u5229\uff0c\u800c\u201c\u585e\u65cf\u4eba\u9700\u8981\u56e2\u7ed3\u7684\u5357\u65af\u62c9\u592b\uff0c\u591a\u4e8e\u5357\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u9700\u8981\u4ed6\u4eec\u201d\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\u95ee\u9898\u75c7\u7ed3\uff0c\u5728\u4e8e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0d\u5e73\u5747\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u5347\u81f3\u6c11\u65cf\u5bf9\u7acb\u3002\u65e9\u5728\u516d\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u94c1\u6258\u5c31\u6307\u51fa\u8981\u201c\u52a0\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0a\u4e0d\u53d1\u8fbe\u7684\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u548c\u5730\u533a\u201d\u3002\u00a0(1964\u5e7412\u67087\u65e5\u5357\u5171\u516b\u5927\u62a5\u544a)\u00a0\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u4e00\u76f4\u6ca1\u6709\u83b7\u5f97\u89e3\u51b3\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u591a\u6b21\u5206\u6743\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u8054\u90a6\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u5e9c\u8d22\u653f\u80fd\u529b\u4e25\u91cd\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u8c03\u5242\u5730\u65b9\u53d1\u5c55\u56f0\u5c40\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u4e00\u63d0\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u6c88\u65ed\u6656\u535a\u58eb\u6587\u7ae0\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u201c\u5357\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u60c5\u7ed3\u201d\u53ca\u5176\u5bf9\u9999\u6e2f\u7684\u542f\u793a\u300b\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c1994\u5e74\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b66\u8005\u738b\u7ecd\u5149\u3001\u80e1\u978d\u94a2\u64b0\u5199\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u80fd\u529b\u62a5\u544a\u300b\uff0c\u6bd4\u7167\u5357\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u8d22\u653f\u72b6\u51b5\u3002\u62a5\u544a\u53d1\u73b0\u201c1989\u5e74\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u5e9c\u8d22\u653f\u652f\u51fa\u5360GNP\u6bd4\u91cd\u4ec5\u6bd4\u524d\u5357\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u9ad8\u51fa1.6\u4e2a\u767e\u5206\u70b9\u201d\uff0c\u9884\u8ba1\u52302000\u5e74\uff0c\u201c\u4e2d\u592e\u8d22\u653f\u6536\u5165\u5360GNP\u6bd4\u91cd\u5c06\u7531\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u5341\u56db\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u964d\u81f3\u4e8c\u5341\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u6bd41989\u5e74\u524d\u5357\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u653f\u5e9c\u8d22\u653f\u80fd\u529b\u8fd8\u8981\u4f4e\u201d\u3002\u62a5\u544a\u9a6c\u4e0a\u5f15\u8d77\u4e2d\u592e\u91cd\u89c6\uff0c\u63a8\u884c\u5206\u7a0e\u5236\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\u5f97\u4ee5\u6536\u56de\u5927\u91cf\u6b64\u524d\u7531\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\u622a\u7559\u7684\u7a0e\u79cd\u3002<\/section>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/img0.baidu.com\/it\/u=1542135627,250123955&amp;fm=253&amp;fmt=auto?w=219&amp;h=276\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u5b89\u7279\u00b7\u9a6c\u5c14\u79d1\u7ef4\u5947<\/p>\n<section>1979\u5e74\u5357\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u5916\u503a\u8fbe\u5230193\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c1984\u5e74\u518d\u4e0a\u5347\u81f3212\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u3002\u5176\u4e2d 65%\u7684\u5916\u503a\u662f\u7531\u52a0\u76df\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u548c\u81ea\u6cbb\u7701\u81ea\u884c\u7d22\u501f\u30021980\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u671f\uff0c\u901a\u6da8\u7387\u8fbe\u5230120%\u3002\u56fd\u9645\u8d27\u5e01\u57fa\u91d1 (IMF) \u5411\u5357\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u8d37\u6b3e\u540e\uff0c\u5411\u8be5\u56fd\u65bd\u52a0\u5404\u79cd\u4e25\u82db\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u5b9e\u884c\u7d27\u7f29\u653f\u7b56\u548c\u7ed3\u6784\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7ecf\u6d4e\u81ea\u7531\u5316\u548c\u79c1\u6709\u5316\u3002\u7531\u4e8e1974\u5e74\u5baa\u6cd5\u628a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u51b3\u7b56\u6743\u4e0b\u653e\u5230\u5404\u52a0\u76df\u5171\u548c\u56fd\uff0c\u91c7\u53d6\u7d27\u7f29\u653f\u7b56\u3001\u8fdb\u884c\u7ed3\u6784\u8c03\u6574\u7684\u91cd\u8d23\u4e5f\u843d\u5230\u5730\u65b9\u8eab\u4e0a\u3002\u4f46\u94c1\u6258\u65e9\u5c31\u7ed9\u4e88\u5730\u65b9\u9886\u8896\u8fdd\u6297\u7684\u7406\u7531\uff0c\u8bf4\u8fc7\uff1a\u201c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u585e\u5c14\u7ef4\u4e9a\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u5e94\u4e3a\u4e86\u52a0\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u67d0\u79cd\u9700\u8981\u800c\u52d2\u7d27\u88e4\u5e26\uff0c\u90a3\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u540c\u610f\u7684\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u53d1\u8fbe\u7684\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u548c\u4e0d\u592a\u53d1\u8fbe\u7684\u5171\u548c\u56fd\uff0c[\u2026] \u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u51b3\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u54ea\u4e00\u4e2a\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u8feb\u4f7f\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u52d2\u7d27\u88e4\u5e26\u3002\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u6709\u6743\u53cd\u5bf9\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5357\u5171\u8054\u76df\u9886\u5bfc\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7ed9\u4f60\u4eec\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6743\u5229\u3002\u201d (1971\u5e7412\u67082\u65e5\u5357\u5171\u4e3b\u5e2d\u56e2\u95ed\u5e55\u8bcd) \u516b\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\uff0c\u5357\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u603b\u7406\u5b89\u7279\u00b7\u9a6c\u5c14\u79d1\u7ef4\u5947 (Ante Markovi\u0107\uff0c\u4e0e\u7c73\u54c8\u4f0a\u6d1b\u65e0\u5173) \u5229\u7528\u9ad8\u4f01\u6c11\u671b\uff0c\u63a8\u52a8\u7d27\u7f29\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u5374\u906d\u7c73\u6d1b\u820d\u7ef4\u5947\u4ee5\u52a0\u5370\u949e\u7968\u62b5\u5236\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u524d\u529f\u5c3d\u5e9f\u3002\u5728\u56fd\u5bb6\u571f\u5d29\u74e6\u89e3\u4e4b\u9645\uff0c\u9a6c\u5c14\u79d1\u7ef4\u5947\u6210\u4e3a\u5357\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u8054\u90a6\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u201c\u88f1\u7cca\u5320\u201d\u3002<\/section>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/i03piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/9cc74ac9a8d9dcde\" \/><\/p>\n<section>\u5f17\u62c9\u5c3c\u5965\u00b7\u56fe\u5b63\u66fc\u4eb2\u543b\u65b0\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u514b\u7f57\u5730\u4e9a\u56fd\u65d7<\/section>\n<section><strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><strong>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/section>\n<section>\u514b\u7f57\u5730\u4e9a\u3001\u65af\u6d1b\u6587\u5c3c\u4e9a\u62d2\u7edd\u63a5\u53d7\u7d27\u7f29\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u613f\u5e2e\u52a9\u585e\u5c14\u7ef4\u4e9a\u7b49\u5357\u90e8\u5730\u533a\u89e3\u51b3\u503a\u52a1\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u65af\u6d1b\u6587\u5c3c\u4e9a\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u8054\u76df\u57281989\u5e74\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u558a\u51fa\u201cEurope Now!\u201d\u7684\u53e3\u53f7\uff1b1990\u5e744\u6708\u9009\u4e3e\u4e2d\uff0c\u7ade\u9009\u514b\u7f57\u5730\u4e9a\u603b\u7edf\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u8054\u76df\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u5f17\u62c9\u5c3c\u5965\u00b7\u56fe\u5b63\u66fc\u00a0(Franjo Tu\u0111man)\u4e3b\u6253\u201c\u53bb\u5171\u4ea7\u5316\u201d\u53e3\u53f7\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u4e4b\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\u201c\u53bb\u585e\u5c14\u7ef4\u4e9a\u5316\u201d\u3002\u5404\u52a0\u76df\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u90fd\u6709\u201c\u8131\u5357\u5165\u6b27\u201d\u7684\u547c\u58f0\u3002\u57281990-1991\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u82cf\u8054\u8d70\u5411\u89e3\u4f53\uff1b\u5357\u5171\u5728\u5341\u56db\u5927\u7834\u5c40\u540e\uff0c\u4e5f\u5b9e\u9645\u88ab\u89e3\u6563\u3002\u585e\u5c14\u7ef4\u4e9a\u5171\u76df\u6539\u540d\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u515a\uff0c\u9ed1\u5c71\u5171\u76df\u5219\u6539\u540d\u4e3a\u6c11\u4e3b\u793e\u4f1a\u515a\uff0c\u5e76\u8d62\u5f97\u5730\u65b9\u9009\u4e3e\u30021991\u5e74\u6625\u5b63\uff0c\u5357\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u9762\u4e34\u65e0\u6cd5\u507f\u8fd8\u5916\u503a\u503a\u606f\u7684\u96be\u9898\uff0c\u4f46\u7f8e\u56fd\u548c\u6b27\u5171\u4f53\u56fd\u5bb6\u90fd\u4e0d\u613f\u518d\u5411\u5357\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u878d\u8d44\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u8fb9\u53a2\uff0c\u53c8\u5927\u529b\u63f4\u52a9\u521a\u53d8\u5929\u7684\u4e1c\u6b27\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002\u201c\u8131\u5171\u5165\u6b27\u201d\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6709\u5229\u53ef\u56fe\u3002\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u514b\u7f57\u5730\u4e9a\u3001\u65af\u6d1b\u6587\u5c3c\u4e9a\u4e24\u56fd\u65b0\u7cbe\u82f1\u8822\u8822\u6b32\u52a8\uff0c\u5e76\u4e8e1991\u5e74\u76f8\u7ee7\u5ba3\u5e03\u72ec\u7acb\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5fb7\u56fd\u66f4\u626e\u6f14\u4e86\u6002\u607f\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u65af\u6d1b\u6587\u5c3c\u4e9a\u00a0(\u4eba\u53e3\u4e5d\u6210\u4e3a\u65af\u6d1b\u6587\u5c3c\u4e9a\u4eba\uff0c\u5360\u5357\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u5168\u57df\u65af\u6d1b\u6587\u5c3c\u4e9a\u4eba99%)\u00a0\u624d\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u6210\u4e3a\u5355\u4e00\u6c11\u65cf\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002<\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section>\u5357\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u7684\u65b0\u4ec7\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c11\u662f\u5ef6\u7eed\u4e8c\u6218\u524d\u7684\u65e7\u6068\u3002\u514b\u7f57\u5730\u4e9a\u65b0\u603b\u7edf\u5f17\u62c9\u5c3c\u5965\u00b7\u56fe\u5b63\u66fc\u00a0(Franjo Tu\u0111man)\u7236\u4eb2\u57281920\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e3a\u514b\u7f57\u5730\u4e9a\u519c\u6c11\u515a\u5e72\u90e8\uff0c\u56fe\u5b63\u66fc\u66f4\u572815\u5c81\u65f6\u66fe\u89c1\u8fc7\u519c\u6c11\u515a\u4e3b\u5e2d\u3002\u4e8c\u6218\u65f6\uff0c\u56fe\u5b63\u66fc\u53c2\u52a0\u5357\u5171\u4eba\u6c11\u89e3\u653e\u519b\uff0c\u5b98\u81f3\u5c11\u5c06\uff0c\u4f46\u540e\u6765\u9000\u5f79\u6210\u4e3a\u5386\u53f2\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u4e3b\u5f20\u6c11\u65cf\u53f2\u89c2\uff0c\u5e76\u66fe\u4e8e1971\u5e74\u514b\u7f57\u5730\u4e9a\u4e4b\u6625\u88ab\u9547\u538b\u65f6\u77ed\u6682\u906d\u5230\u5173\u62bc\u3002\u5f53\u9009\u603b\u7edf\u540e\uff0c\u56fe\u5b63\u66fc\u4e3b\u6301\u4fee\u6539\u5baa\u6cd5\uff0c\u628a\u514b\u56fd\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u514b\u7f57\u5730\u4e9a\u4eba\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u201c\u514b\u7f57\u5730\u4e9a\u4eba\u4e0e\u585e\u5c14\u7ef4\u4e9a\u4eba\u201d\u7684\u5171\u548c\u56fd\uff0c\u4e0b\u4ee4\u5404\u7ea7\u653f\u5e9c\u7740\u624b\u5f00\u9664\u585e\u5c14\u7ef4\u4e9a\u4eba\uff0c\u5e76\u53d6\u6d88\u897f\u91cc\u5c14\u5b57\u6bcd\u7684\u6cd5\u5b9a\u6587\u5b57\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\u7684\u5404\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u7cbe\u82f1\u90fd\u5728\u7aed\u529b\u5f3a\u8c03\u5404\u6c11\u65cf\u5b97\u6559\u4e0a\u3001\u6587\u5b57\u4e0a\u3001\u65b9\u8a00\u4e0a\u7684\u533a\u522b\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5a92\u4f53\u4e0a\u5ba3\u626c\u4e00\u79cd\u8baf\u606f\uff0c\u5373\uff1a\u5404\u6c11\u65cf\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u653f\u6cbb\u7ecf\u6d4e\u89c1\u89e3\u4e0d\u540c\u800c\u4e0d\u80fd\u5171\u5904\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f02\u6c11\u65cf\u5728\u6587\u5316\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u3001\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u4e0e\u81ea\u5df1\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6bd4\u81ea\u5df1\u4f4e\u52a3\u3002\u90a3\u4e9b\u53ef\u4ee5\u52fe\u8d77\u5bf9\u8fc7\u53bb\u201c\u9ec4\u91d1\u65f6\u4ee3\u201d\u5e7b\u60f3\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u548c\u6587\u5316\u7b26\u53f7\u90fd\u88ab\u53d1\u6325\u6781\u81f4\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e0e\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u585e\u5c14\u7ef4\u4e9a\u3001\u514b\u7f57\u5730\u4e9a\u4e2d\u53e4\u738b\u56fd\u6709\u5173\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u548c\u8bb0\u5fc6\uff1b\u4eba\u6c11\u8d70\u5411\u975e\u7406\u6027\u548c\u75af\u72c2\u3002\u585e\u5c14\u7ef4\u4e9a\u5a92\u4f53\u6307\u8d23\u65b0\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u514b\u7f57\u5730\u4e9a\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u662f\u4e8c\u6218\u65f6\u4e4c\u65af\u5854\u6c99\u5080\u5121\u653f\u6743\u7684\u5ef6\u7eed\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6b63\u4e0e\u5fb7\u56fd\u5408\u4f5c\u5efa\u7acb\u201c\u7b2c\u56db\u5e1d\u56fd\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u514b\u7f57\u5730\u4e9a\u5a92\u4f53\u5219\u628a\u585e\u5c14\u7ef4\u4e9a\u4e0e\u6b8b\u66b4\u7684\u7956\u56fd\u519b\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\u3002<\/section>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/i02piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/f1267586b8511d24\" \/><\/p>\n<section>\u585e\u5c14\u7ef4\u4e9a\u5a92\u4f53\u6307\u9e7f\u4e3a\u9a6c\uff0c\u628a\u4e00\u5e45\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u6cb9\u753b\uff0c\u5f62\u5bb9\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u585e\u65cf\u5b69\u5b50\u54ed\u5012\u5728\u88ab\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u6b66\u88c5\u6740\u5bb3\u7684\u4eb2\u4eba\u575f\u4e0a<\/section>\n<section><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/section>\n<section>\u5b9e\u8df5\u5b66\u6d3e\u9886\u8896\u7c73\u54c8\u4f0a\u6d1b\u2219\u9a6c\u5c14\u79d1\u7ef4\u5947\uff0c\u65f6\u4e3a\u585e\u5c14\u7ef4\u4e9a\u793e\u4f1a\u515a\u526f\u4e3b\u5e2d\u3001\u7c73\u6d1b\u820d\u7ef4\u5947\u526f\u624b\u3002\u4ed6\u89c9\u5f97\u585e\u5c14\u7ef4\u4e9a\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u5357\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u7518\u613f\u5f53\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u65d7\u624b\uff0c\u66f4\u58f0\u79f0\u6295\u8eab\u653f\u6cbb\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u633d\u6551\u514b\u7f57\u5730\u4e9a\u4e1c\u90e8\u7684\u585e\u65cf\u4eba\u514d\u4e8e\u88ab\u6e05\u6d17\u3002\u9a6c\u5c14\u79d1\u7ef4\u5947\u652f\u6301\u7c73\u6c0f\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u515a\uff0c\u662f\u4ed6\u5fe0\u4e8e\u5de6\u7ffc\u7684\u8868\u73b0\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u8fd9\u4e2a\u515a\u5df2\u65e0\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u53ef\u8a00\u3002\u4f46\u9a6c\u5c14\u79d1\u7ef4\u5947\u7ea0\u7f20\u4e8e\u81ea\u6cbb\u6743\uff0c\u5176\u903b\u8f91\u662f\u8352\u8c2c\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c\u514b\u7f57\u5730\u4e9a\u91cc\u7684\u585e\u5c14\u7ef4\u4e9a\u4eba\u5e94\u8be5\u6709\u81ea\u6cbb\u6743\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u201c\u585e\u5c14\u7ef4\u4e9a\u65cf\u5730\u533a\u7684\u514b\u7f57\u5730\u4e9a\u65cf\u4eba\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u4e5f\u5e94\u8be5\u6709\u81ea\u6cbb\u6743\u5462\uff1f\u201d\u5728\u585e\u5c14\u7ef4\u4e9a\u7684\u652f\u6301\u4e0b\uff0c\u514b\u7f57\u5730\u4e9a\u7684\u585e\u65cf\u4eba\u8d77\u4e49\uff0c\u8bbe\u7acb\u201c\u585e\u5c14\u7ef4\u4e9a\u514b\u62c9\u4f0a\u7eb3\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u201d\u00a0(Republic of Serbian Krajina)\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u4e8e1995\u5e74\u88ab\u514b\u7f57\u5730\u4e9a\u519b\u653b\u9677\uff1b\u7c73\u6d1b\u820d\u7ef4\u5947\u610f\u56fe\u4e0e\u56fe\u5b63\u66fc\u74dc\u5206\u6ce2\u65af\u5c3c\u4e9a\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u5728\u6ce2\u65af\u5c3c\u4e9a\u5efa\u7acb\u585e\u65cf\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u00a0(Srpska Republika)\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u5f92\u8fdb\u884c\u6e05\u6d17\u3002<\/section>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/img0.baidu.com\/it\/u=2348208236,2117798803&amp;fm=253&amp;fmt=auto&amp;app=138&amp;f=JPEG?w=600&amp;h=418\" \/><\/p>\n<section>\u65af\u96f7\u5e03\u96f7\u5c3c\u5bdf\u5c60\u6740\u4e07\u4eba\u5751<\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section>\u585e\u65cf\u6b66\u88c5\u90e8\u961f\u4eba\u5458\u4e3b\u8981\u6765\u81ea\u5931\u4e1a\u7684\u5e74\u8f7b\u4eba\u548c\u57ce\u5e02\u91cc\u6ca1\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u6280\u80fd\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e2d\u4e00\u79cd\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u662f\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6ce2\u65af\u5c3c\u4e9a\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u5047\u6c11\u65cf\u201d\uff0c\u5176\u672c\u8d28\u662f\u53d7\u5965\u65af\u66fc\u5e1d\u56fd\u5229\u8bf1\u800c\u6539\u4fe1\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u7684\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8981\u4e0d\u662f\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u5316\u7684\u514b\u7f57\u5730\u4e9a\u4eba\uff0c\u4fbf\u662f\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u5316\u7684\u585e\u5c14\u7ef4\u4e9a\u4eba\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6ce2\u65af\u5c3c\u4e9a\u8981\u4e0d\u662f\u5c5e\u4e8e\u514b\u7f57\u5730\u4e9a\uff0c\u4fbf\u662f\u5c5e\u4e8e\u585e\u5c14\u7ef4\u4e9a\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u6d88\u706d\u6ce2\u65af\u5c3c\u4e9a\u7a46\u65af\u6797\uff0c\u585e\u65cf\u6b66\u88c5\u8fdb\u884c\u6e05\u4e61\uff0c\u5c60\u6740\u5927\u91cf\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u7537\u6027\uff0c\u6700\u60e8\u70c8\u7684\u662f1995\u5e747\u6708\u7684\u65af\u96f7\u5e03\u96f7\u5c3c\u5bdf\u00a0(Srebrenica)\u00a0\u5927\u5c60\u6740\uff0c\u5171\u6740\u5bb3\u516b\u5343\u540d\u6210\u5e74\u7537\u6027\u548c\u7537\u5b69\u3002\u514b\u7f57\u5730\u4e9a\u548c\u585e\u5c14\u7ef4\u4e9a\u6b66\u88c5\u53c8\u5360\u7528\u9152\u5e97\u3001\u5b66\u6821\u7b49\u8bbe\u65bd\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u591a\u4e2a\u5f3a\u5978\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\uff0c\u628a\u4fd8\u83b7\u7684\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u5973\u6027\u5173\u62bc\u5728\u6b64\uff0c\u65e5\u591c\u65bd\u66b4\u3002\u585e\u65cf\u6b66\u88c5\u660e\u8a00\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u8ba9\u5979\u4eec\u6000\u4e0a\u585e\u5c14\u7ef4\u4e9a\u7956\u56fd\u519b\u00a0(Chetnik)\u00a0\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u5973\u6027\u5728\u6000\u5b55\u540e\u88ab\u91ca\u653e\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u5c11\u5374\u906d\u5230\u6740\u5bb3\u3002\u514b\u7f57\u5730\u4e9a\u6b66\u88c5\u4e5f\u8bd5\u56fe\u8ba9\u585e\u65cf\u5987\u5973\u6000\u4e0a\u201c\u4e4c\u65af\u5854\u6c99\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u201d\u3002\u6700\u540e\u5404\u65b9\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u65a1\u65cb\u4e0b\u505c\u6218\uff0c\u4e8e1995\u5e7412\u6708\u7b7e\u7f72\u5cb1\u987f\u534f\u5b9a\u00a0(Dayton Accord)\uff0c\u6ce2\u65af\u5c3c\u4e9a\u7531\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7684\u6ce2\u65af\u5c3c\u4e9a\uff0d\u9ed1\u585e\u54e5\u7ef4\u90a3\u548c\u585e\u65cf\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u7ec4\u6210\u8054\u90a6\u3002\u8bdd\u97f3\u672a\u843d\uff0c\u79d1\u7d22\u6c83\u6218\u4e89\u53c8\u7206\u53d1\uff0c\u5317\u7ea6\u4ee5\u8f70\u70b8\u8d1d\u5c14\u683c\u83b1\u5fb7\uff0c\u8feb\u4f7f\u7c73\u6d1b\u820d\u7ef4\u5947\u9000\u5175\u30021998\u5e74\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u8c03\u67e5\u663e\u793a\uff0c89%\u7684\u585e\u5c14\u7ef4\u4e9a\u4eba\u548c88%\u7684\u514b\u7f57\u5730\u4e9a\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6218\u4e89\u5df2\u7ecf\u6c38\u8fdc\u7834\u574f\u4e86\u65cf\u7fa4\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0e\u6ce2\u65af\u5c3c\u4e9a\u4eba\u518d\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002<\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/i03piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/04393bfdf6505451\" \/><\/p>\n<section><\/section>\n<p>1999\u5e743\u6708\u52306\u6708\uff0c\u5317\u7ea6\u8f70\u70b8\u5357\u65af\u62c9\u592b<\/p>\n<section>\u5357\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u4ece\u8270\u96be\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u5230\u6587\u5316\u667a\u5546(cultural intelligence\uff0c\u6307\u4e0e\u4e2a\u4f53\u8de8\u6587\u5316\u9002\u5e94\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u80fd\u529b)\u9ad8\u5ea6\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u518d\u5230\u76f8\u4e92\u6b8b\u6740\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f20\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u6700\u620f\u5267\u5316\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u53f2\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u94c1\u6258\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u6574\u5408\u4e0b\uff0c\u5357\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u4ece\u4e8c\u6218\u7684\u6467\u6b8b\u4e2d\u5192\u8d77\uff0c\u7ef4\u6301\u4e86\u4e09\u5341\u4e94\u5e74\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u878d\u5408\u548c\u5feb\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u4f46\u6700\u540e\u4e0d\u654c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0e\u6c11\u65cf\u5371\u673a\u7684\u6311\u6218\u3002\u8fd9\u5230\u5e95\u4e3a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u6cbb\u7406\u8005\u548c\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u63d0\u4f9b\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u6559\u8bad\uff1f\u6709\u8bba\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u5c31\u662f\uff1a\u201c\u5982\u679c\u00a0[\u8054\u90a6]\u00a0\u7ec4\u6210\u5355\u4f4d\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u91cd\u5927\u6587\u5316\u6216\u6c11\u65cf\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6587\u5316\u8bae\u9898\u5c06\u51e0\u4e4e\u80af\u5b9a\u4f1a\u53d8\u6210\u653f\u6cbb\u8bae\u9898\u3002\u201d\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ed3\u8bba\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u5e2e\u52a9\u7ec4\u5efa\u591a\u6c11\u65cf\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u9645\u4e3b\u4e49\u672c\u8eab\u5e76\u4e0d\u627f\u8ba4\u4eba\u6709\u6c11\u65cf\u533a\u522b\uff0c\u6545\u6b64\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u601d\u60f3\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u5f15\u5bfc\u4eba\u4eec\u7406\u89e3\u3001\u63a5\u7eb3\u6c11\u65cf\u95f4\u7684\u6587\u5316\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u4f55\u51b5\u6839\u636e\u94c1\u6258\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u5728\u5357\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u4f53\u5236\u91cc\uff0c\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u8fde\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u9645\u4e3b\u4e49\u6559\u80b2\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u505a\u5230\u3002<\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section>\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u6559\u80b2\u5e76\u975e\u5b8c\u5168\u6ca1\u6709\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u5404\u5730\u6c11\u4f17\u90fd\u6709\u8fc7\u82f1\u52c7\u53cd\u5bf9\u5185\u6218\u7684\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u4f46\u6700\u540e\u90fd\u676f\u6c34\u8f66\u85aa\u30021992\u5e744\u67085\u65e5\u6ce2\u65af\u5c3c\u4e9a\u6218\u4e89\u7206\u53d1\u524d\u5915\uff0c\u5927\u6279\u53cd\u611f\u4e8e\u79cd\u65cf\u717d\u52a8\u7684\u8428\u62c9\u70ed\u7a9d\u5404\u65cf\u5e02\u6c11\uff0c\u6e38\u884c\u547c\u5401\u548c\u5e73\uff0c\u671f\u95f4\u5360\u9886\u56fd\u4f1a\uff0c\u6297\u8bae\u603b\u7edf\u963f\u5229\u96c5\u00b7\u4f0a\u6cfd\u7279\u8d1d\u6208\u7ef4\u5947\u63a8\u884c\u5176\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u591a\u6570\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u5e76\u51b2\u51fb\u90bb\u8fd1\u7684\u585e\u65cf\u9886\u8896\u62c9\u591a\u4e07\u00b7\u5361\u62c9\u5b63\u5947\u00a0(Radovan Karad\u017ei\u0107)\u7684\u603b\u90e8\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u88ab\u585e\u65cf\u67aa\u624b\u67aa\u51fb\u800c\u56db\u6563\u3002\u5b9e\u8df5\u5b66\u6d3e\u5185\u5fe0\u4e8e\u5de6\u7ffc\u7684\u7c73\u62c9\u4e01\u00b7\u65e5\u6c83\u57fa\u5947\u00a0(Miladin Zivotic)\u00a0\u4e0e\u7c73\u6d1b\u4e07\u00b7\u5409\u62c9\u65af\u4e00\u9053\u63a8\u52a8\u548c\u5e73\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u65a1\u65cb\u6ce2\u65af\u5c3c\u4e9a\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u5e76\u634d\u536b\u79d1\u7d22\u6c83\u7a46\u65af\u6797\uff0c\u76f4\u52301997\u5e74\u5728\u5fe7\u6124\u4e2d\u53bb\u4e16\u3002\u7c73\u6d1b\u820d\u7ef4\u5947\u6e05\u6d17\u79d1\u7d22\u6c83\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u9020\u6210\u5317\u7ea6\u8fde\u6708\u7a7a\u88ad\u548c\u5927\u91cf\u58eb\u5175\u4f24\u4ea1\uff0c\u917f\u6210\u6781\u5927\u6c11\u6028\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u652f\u6301\u57fa\u7840\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4e2d\u8001\u5e74\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u4e8e\u5357\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0b\u6210\u957f\u7684\u5e74\u8f7b\u4eba\uff0c\u5219\u5bf9\u4ed6\u6108\u52a0\u53cd\u611f\u3002\u585e\u5c14\u7ef4\u4e9a\u6076\u6027\u901a\u8d27\u81a8\u80c0\u8fbe\u5230\u6bcf\u67083\u4ebf1300\u4e07%\uff0c\u7269\u4ef7\u7ffb\u500d\u53ea\u9700\u898134\u5c0f\u65f6\u30022000\u5e74\uff0c\u7c73\u6d1b\u820d\u7ef4\u5947\u88ab\u6307\u64cd\u63a7\u9009\u4e3e\uff1b10\u67085\u65e5\uff0c\u201c\u62b5\u6297\u201d(Otpor)\u00a0\u9752\u5e74\u8fd0\u52a8\u548c\u53cd\u5bf9\u6d3e\u7fa4\u4f17\u4e03\u4e07\u4eba\u5175\u5206\u4e94\u8def\u8fdb\u653b\u8d1d\u5c14\u683c\u83b1\u5fb7\uff0c\u63a8\u7ffb\u7c73\u6c0f\u653f\u6743\u3002\u5341\u5e74\u6cb3\u4e1c\u5341\u5e74\u6cb3\u897f\uff0c\u56fd\u4f1a\u5927\u697c\u524d\u805a\u96c6\u7684\u6124\u6012\u6c11\u4f17\u4e0d\u518d\u59821989\u5e74\u822c\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u7c73\u6d1b\u820d\u7ef4\u5947\u60e9\u7f5a\u79d1\u7d22\u6c83\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8981\u6253\u5012\u7c73\u6d1b\u820d\u7ef4\u5947\u81ea\u5df1\u3002<\/section>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/i04piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/67c6b6f905f84e6e\" \/><\/p>\n<section>2000\u5e7410\u67085\u65e5\uff0c\u53cd\u5bf9\u6d3e\u7fa4\u4f17\u805a\u96c6\u5728\u585e\u5c14\u7ef4\u4e9a\u56fd\u4f1a\u5927\u697c\u524d<\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section>\u5176\u5b9e\u5357\u5171\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u7684\u5962\u4f88\u751f\u6d3b\u548c\u8150\u8d25\uff0c\u65e9\u5df2\u5e7f\u4e3a\u4eba\u77e5\u3002\u94c1\u6258\u65e9\u5728\u516d\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u4e5f\u66fe\u63d0\u5230\u8981\u6253\u51fb\u201c\u5f62\u5f62\u5f0f\u5f0f\u7684\u8d3f\u8d42\u201d\u3002\u94c1\u6258\u7684\u526f\u624b\u3001\u526f\u603b\u7edf\u7c73\u6d1b\u4e07\u00b7\u5409\u62c9\u65af\u00a0(Milovan\u00a0\u0110ilas\uff0c\u53c8\u8bd1\u201c\u5fb7\u70ed\u62c9\u65af\u201d)\u5728\u4e94\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u8457\u4e66\u300a\u65b0\u9636\u7ea7\u300b\u00a0(The New Class)\uff0c\u5f15\u7533\u94c1\u6258\u5bf9\u5b98\u50da\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u6597\u4e89\uff0c\u6307\u8d23\u5357\u5171\u5e72\u90e8\u5728\u9769\u547d\u6210\u529f\u540e\u6210\u4e3a\u65b0\u8d35\u65cf\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u5409\u62c9\u65af\u5374\u906d\u94c1\u6258\u6253\u5012\u3002\u5357\u5171\u8150\u8d25\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5728\u516b\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5371\u673a\u4e2d\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u515a\u653f\u7cbe\u82f1\u7684\u8ba1\u65f6\u70b8\u5f39\u3002\u5357\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u95ee\u9898\u6070\u597d\u8fbe\u5230\u8f6c\u79fb\u89c6\u7ebf\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5176\u6240\u63a9\u57cb\u7684\u662f\u65b0\u7cbe\u82f1\u7684\u4e25\u91cd\u8d2a\u8150\u548c\u81ea\u80a5\u3002\u5357\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u7684\u5371\u673a\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u5b64\u7acb\u7684\u53bb\u770b\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8981\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u6d6a\u6f6e\u4e0b\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u548c\u8de8\u56fd\u91d1\u878d\u673a\u6784\u63a8\u52a8\u81ea\u7531\u5316\u3001\u79c1\u6709\u5316\u3001\u6c11\u4e3b\u4eba\u6743\u7b49\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u8bed\u5883\u4e2d\u68c0\u89c6\u3002\u5728\u65b0\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e2d\uff0c\u653f\u5ba2\u4eec\u9996\u5148\u4ee5\u7ed3\u6784\u8c03\u6574\u4e3a\u540d\uff0c\u6536\u56de\u5de5\u4eba\u81ea\u6cbb\u6743\uff0c\u628a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f01\u4e1a\u56fd\u6709\u5316\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u518d\u79c1\u6709\u5316\uff0c\u628a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8d44\u6e90\u5927\u91cf\u5316\u516c\u4e3a\u79c1\uff0c\u624b\u6bb5\u4e0e\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u3001\u4e1c\u6b27\u65b0\u8d35\u5982\u51fa\u4e00\u8f99\u3002\u514b\u7f57\u5730\u4e9a\u7684\u56fd\u4f01\u79c1\u6709\u5316\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6d89\u53ca\u6709\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ecf\u6d4e\u72af\u7f6a\u3002\u53ca\u81f32000-2001\u5e74\uff0c\u9664\u65af\u6d1b\u6587\u5c3c\u4e9a\u5916\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u524d\u5357\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u7684\u52a0\u76df\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u90fd\u5728\u7834\u4ea7\u8fb9\u6cbf\u3002\u52302001\u5e74\uff0c\u514b\u7f57\u5730\u4e9a\u5931\u4e1a\u7387\u4ecd\u670922%\uff0c\u9a6c\u5176\u987f\u4e3a32%\uff0c\u6ce2\u65af\u5c3c\u4e9a\u548c\u79d1\u7d22\u6c83\u9ad8\u8fbe50%\u3002<\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section>\u6587\u5316\u667a\u5546(cultural\u00a0intelligence\uff0c\u6307\u4e0e\u4e2a\u4f53\u8de8\u6587\u5316\u9002\u5e94\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u80fd\u529b)\u5efa\u8bbe\u5982\u679c\u8bf4\u6709\u5176\u793e\u4f1a\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u5c31\u662f\u963b\u6b62\u6c11\u7cb9\u4e3b\u4e49\u653f\u5ba2\u8f6c\u79fb\u89c6\u7ebf\uff0c\u628a\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u3001\u4e43\u81f3\u9488\u5bf9\u65e2\u5f97\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7ecf\u6d4e\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u89e3\u91ca\u6210\u4e0d\u53ef\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u65cf\u7fa4\u6587\u5316\u77db\u76fe\u3002\u6587\u5316\u667a\u5546\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4e2a\u4eba\u5c42\u9762\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5176\u63d0\u5347\u4f5c\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u5de5\u7a0b\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u793e\u4f1a\u6574\u4f53\u5c42\u9762\u5411\u6240\u6709\u4e2a\u4eba\u63a8\u800c\u5e7f\u4e4b\u3002\u7136\u800c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u884c\u653f\u8005\uff0c\u91cd\u70b9\u4e43\u5e94\u8be5\u5728\u4e8e\u4fdd\u969c\u6587\u5316\u667a\u5546\u4e0d\u56e0\u6545\u5012\u9000\u3002\u5173\u952e\u662f\u4f7f\u4eba\u4eec\u4e0d\u56e0\u6587\u5316\u5dee\u5f02\u4ea7\u751f\u53cd\u611f\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5f53\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u6839\u6e90\u4e0d\u662f\u6587\u5316\u5dee\u5f02\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e0e\u5176\u91cd\u53e0\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u4e3a\u653f\u8005\u5e94\u8be5\u91c7\u53d6\u79ef\u6781\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u6c11\u65cf\u754c\u7ebf\u4e0e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5dee\u5f02\u91cd\u5408\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u65e0\u8bba\u6587\u5316\u667a\u5546\u6709\u591a\u9ad8\uff0c\u90fd\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u514b\u670d\u5b9e\u9645\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5dee\u5f02\u6240\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u51b2\u51fb\u548c\u751f\u6d3b\u538b\u529b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u89e3\u51b3\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5dee\u5f02\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u5e9c\u91c7\u53d6\u66f4\u5f3a\u529b\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u96c6\u6743\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u4ee5\u5bf9\u843d\u540e\u5730\u533a\u8fdb\u884c\u503e\u659c\u6295\u8d44\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u4fdd\u969c\u957f\u8fdc\u6c11\u65cf\u878d\u5408\u6240\u4e0d\u80fd\u907f\u514d\u8005\uff1b\u53ea\u8981\u63aa\u65bd\u5f97\u5f53\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5145\u5206\u534f\u5546\u5b9e\u65bd\uff0c\u5176\u5e76\u4e0d\u6784\u6210\u5bf9\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u4e0d\u5c0a\u91cd\u3002\u5728\u5357\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c1952\u5e74\u4ee5\u540e\u6bcf\u5341\u5e74\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u5baa\u6cd5\u4fee\u6b63\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u8054\u90a6\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u5e9c\u5904\u4e8e\u975e\u5e38\u865a\u5f31\u7684\u8d22\u653f\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u53c8\u65e0\u6cd5\u5e72\u9884\u5404\u52a0\u76df\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4ece\u672a\u5efa\u7acb\u5168\u56fd\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u5e02\u573a\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u8054\u90a6\u4e2d\u592e\u5728\u5404\u5730\u5de5\u4eba\u81ea\u6cbb\u4f01\u4e1a\u8fdb\u5165\u8f6c\u578b\u5371\u673a\u65f6\uff0c\u96be\u4ee5\u4ecb\u5165\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u8054\u90a6\u4e2d\u592e\u5bf9\u79d1\u7d22\u6c83\u7b49\u5730\u6295\u8d44\u653f\u7b56\u5931\u5f53\uff0c\u5ffd\u7565\u519c\u4e1a\u548c\u5730\u65b9\u5de5\u4e1a\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5ffd\u89c6\u804c\u4e1a\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u52a0\u5f3a\u3002\u5de5\u4eba\u81ea\u6cbb\u5bf9\u519c\u4e1a\u95ee\u9898\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u5e2e\u52a9\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u5de5\u4eba\u81ea\u6cbb\u4f01\u4e1a\u5728\u4efb\u514d\u5458\u5de5\u4e0a\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u968f\u610f\u6027\uff0c\u4f9d\u636e\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u65cf\u88d4\u8eab\u5206\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u4f7f\u5f97\u79d1\u7d22\u6c83\u5728\u4e03\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u9677\u5165\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5371\u673a\uff1b\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5230\u516b\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u884d\u751f\u51fa\u6c11\u65cf\u77db\u76fe\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u3002\u65cf\u7fa4\u4e4b\u95f4\u201c\u53ef\u540c\u5bcc\u8d35\u4e0d\u80fd\u5171\u60a3\u96be\u201d\uff0c\u6050\u6015\u662f\u6761\u94c1\u5f8b\uff0c\u4e3a\u653f\u8005\u5fc5\u987b\u6709\u6240\u51c6\u5907\u3002<\/section>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/img0.baidu.com\/it\/u=4143069029,2474783645&amp;fm=253&amp;fmt=auto?w=1004&amp;h=670\" \/><\/p>\n<section><\/section>\n<p>\u94c1\u6258\u8ff7\u4fe1\u5357\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u56e2\u7ed3<\/p>\n<section>\u94c1\u6258\u8fc7\u5206\u76f8\u4fe1\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u9b45\u529b\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u7edf\u5408\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u6df1\u4fe1\u5386\u7ecf\u6218\u4e89\u9769\u547d\u8fbe\u5230\u72ec\u7acb\u548c\u8054\u5408\u7684\u5404\u65cf\u4eba\u6c11\u4e0d\u4f1a\u80cc\u53db\u8054\u90a6\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u5373\u4f7f\u88ab\u8feb\u627f\u8ba4\u5357\u5171\u601d\u60f3\u5efa\u8bbe\u6781\u4e3a\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u751f\u524d\u591a\u6b21\u4e3b\u6301\u5206\u6743\u4fee\u5baa\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u76f8\u4fe1\u201c\u8eab\u540e\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6709\u4e8b\u201d\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5357\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u5728\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e8e\u6587\u5316\u653f\u7b56\u4e0a\u91c7\u53d6\u5f3a\u52bf\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5374\u91c7\u6d88\u6781\u5f31\u52bf\u3002\u94c1\u6258\u3001\u5361\u5fb7\u5c14\u7b49\u5357\u5171\u9886\u8896\uff0c\u5728\u4e2a\u4eba\u5c42\u9762\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u6781\u9ad8\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u6587\u5316\u667a\u5546\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u53ea\u627f\u8ba4\u6587\u5316\u5dee\u5f02\u5e76\u5141\u8bb8\u653f\u6cbb\u5206\u6743\uff0c\u800c\u6ca1\u6709\u79ef\u6781\u5efa\u6784\u6587\u5316\u878d\u5408\u3002\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u5357\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u884c\u653f\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u4e3a\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u91cd\u8e48\u201c\u5927\u585e\u5c14\u7ef4\u4e9a\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u7684\u8986\u8f99\uff0c\u4ece\u4e00\u5f00\u5934\u4fbf\u6709\u524a\u8db3\u5c31\u5c65\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u5bf9\u90a3\u6015\u662f\u9002\u91cf\u7684\u6587\u5316\u878d\u5408\u90fd\u91c7\u53d6\u4e86\u6295\u964d\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002\u65e9\u5728\u5efa\u56fd\u521d\u5e74\uff0c\u5361\u5fb7\u5c14\u4fbf\u5ba3\u5e03\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u5357\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u516c\u4f17\u96c6\u4f53\uff0c[\u2026]\u6ca1\u6709\u00a0[\u2026]\u4ee5\u540c\u5316\u5404\u6c11\u65cf\u8bed\u8a00\u6216\u6587\u5316\u4e3a\u539f\u5219\u00a0[\u2026]\u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u201d(1953\u5e741\u6708\u5357\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u8054\u90a6\u56fd\u6c11\u8bae\u4f1a\u62a5\u544a)<\/section>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/i02piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/d2755de681f14d71\" \/><\/p>\n<section><\/section>\n<p>1993\u5e7411\u67089\u65e5\uff0c\u514b\u7f57\u5730\u4e9a\u6b66\u88c5\u70b8\u6bc1\u6709\u56db\u767e\u5e74\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u83ab\u65af\u5854\u5c14\u6865 (Mostar 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