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3a\u53d6\u9886\u5bfc\u6743\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u4f1a\u628a\uff08\u4e2d\u56fd\uff09\u6d77\u519b\u638c\u63e1\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u624b\u4e2d\u3002\u201d\uff08\u6ce8\uff1aWright\uff0cS.F.\uff1a\u201cHart and the Chinese Customs\u201dBelfat\uff0c1950\uff0cP.480\u3002\uff09\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u65e9\u57281866\u5e74\uff0c\u5de6\u5b97\u68e0\u9080\u8bf7\u65e5\u610f\u683c\u7b79\u529e\u798f\u5efa\u8239\u653f\u5c40\u4e4b\u9645\uff0c\u8d6b\u5fb7\u5c31\u66fe\u5343\u65b9\u767e\u8ba1\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u5e72\u6270\u3001\u7834\u574f\uff08\u6ce8\uff1aLeibo\uff0cS.A.\uff1a\u201cTransferring Technology of China\uff1bProsPer Giquel and the elf\u2014strenthening Movement\u201d\uff0cUniversity of California. Berkerley\uff0c1985\uff0cP.85\u3002\uff09\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5145\u5f53\u519b\u706b\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\u662f\u5f88\u6709\u6cb9\u6c34\u7684\u30021875\u5e741\u6708\uff0c\u5728\u8d6b\u5fb7\u7740\u624b\u66ff\u4e2d\u56fd\u8d2d\u4e70\u868a\u5b50\u8239\u524d\u5915\uff0c\u91d1\u767b\u5e72\u5c31\u7528\u5bc6\u7801\u4fe1\u95ee\u8d6b\u5fb7\uff1a\u201c\u60a8\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u2018\u63d2\u624b\u2019\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e8b\u6765\u8d5a\u5f88\u591a\u94b1\uff1f\u201d\uff08\u6ce8\uff1a\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u6d77\u5173\u5bc6\u6863\u300b\uff0c\u4e2d\u534e\u4e66\u5c401990\u5e74\u7248\u3002\uff09\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u8d6b\u5fb7\u54ea\u91cc\u4f1a\u7518\u613f\u8ba9\u65e5\u610f\u683c\u63fd\u8d70\u5927\u7b14\u7684\u201c\u751f\u610f\u201d\u3002\u8d6b\u5fb7\u6076\u72e0\u72e0\u5730\u58f0\u79f0\uff0c\u201c\u8ba9\u65e5\uff08\u610f\u683c\uff09\u8fdc\u79bb\u8fd9\u4e2a\u821e\u53f0\u201d\uff08\u6ce8\uff1a\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u6d77\u5173\u5bc6\u6863\u300b\uff0c\u4e2d\u534e\u4e66\u5c401990\u5e74\u7248\u3002\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1877\u5e74\u521d\uff0c\u65e5\u610f\u683c\u66ff\u6e05\u653f\u5e9c\u7269\u8272\u5230\u4e24\u8258\u571f\u8033\u5176\u94c1\u7532\u8230\uff0c\u5e76\u540c\u4ee3\u7406\u5546\u6c83\u68ee\u5546\u5b9a\uff0c\u6253\u7b97\u4ee5\u6c83\u68ee\u201c\u4e5f\u613f\u4e88\u540c\u610f\u7684\u4ed8\u6b3e\u6761\u4ef6\u201d\uff08\u6ce8\uff1a\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u6d77\u5173\u5bc6\u6863\u300b\uff0c\u4e2d\u534e\u4e66\u5c401990\u5e74\u7248\u3002\uff09\u6210\u4ea4\uff0c\u5373\u201c\u6bcf\u53ea\u4ef7\u94f6\u4e8c\u5341\u4e94\u4e07\u4f59\u9551\u201d\uff08\u6ce8\uff1a\u300a\u674e\u6587\u5fe0\u516c\u5168\u96c6\u300b\uff09\u3002\u5e94\u8be5\u8bf4\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4ef7\u94b1\u662f\u6bd4\u8f83\u516c\u9053\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\uff0c\u8d6b\u5fb7\u548c\u91d1\u767b\u5e72\u5374\u8df3\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u8981\u201c\u5bf9\u65e5\uff08\u610f\u683c\uff09\u4e00\u4f19\u7684\u8c08\u5224\u7ed9\u4e88\u5f53\u5934\u4e00\u68d2\u201d\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4ed6\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\u201c\u65e5\u672c\u653f\u5e9c\u4e9f\u60f3\u8d2d\u4e70\u90a3\u4e24\u8258\u88c5\u7532\u8230\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u4e3a\u4e86\u540c\u65e5\u610f\u683c\u6597\u4e89\u548c\u963b\u6b62\u4e2d\u56fd\u53d6\u5f97\u8fd1\u6d77\u5236\u6d77\u6743\uff0c\u8d6b\u5fb7\u548c\u91d1\u767b\u5e72\u201c\u5b81\u613f\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u800c\u4e0d\u613f\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u628a\u5b83\u4eec\u4e70\u53bb\uff01\u201d\uff08\u6ce8\uff1a\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u6d77\u5173\u5bc6\u6863\u300b\uff0c\u4e2d\u534e\u4e66\u5c401990\u5e74\u7248\u3002\uff09\u4e8e\u662f\u8d6b\u5fb7\u5728\u65e5\u610f\u683c\u66ff\u4e2d\u56fd\u8d2d\u4e70\u94c1\u7532\u8230\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u4e0a\uff0c\u5927\u653e\u53a5\u8bcd\uff0c\u8bf4\u4ec0\u4e48\u201c\u597d\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u975e\u5e38\u6177\u6168\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a140\uff0c000\u82f1\u9551\u585e\u8fdb\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\u7684\u8170\u5305\u201d\uff08\u6ce8\uff1a\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u6d77\u5173\u5bc6\u6863\u300b\uff0c\u4e2d\u534e\u4e66\u5c401990\u5e74\u7248\u3002\uff09\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u674e\u9e3f\u7ae0\u4fe1\u4ee5\u4e3a\u771f\uff0c\u4f7f\u5df2\u7ecf\u8054\u7cfb\u597d\u8d2d\u4e70\u94c1\u7532\u8230\u7684\u4e8b\uff0c\u7ec8\u6210\u6ce1\u5f71\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8d6b\u5fb7\u9664\u4e86\u963b\u6b62\u6e05\u653f\u5e9c\u8d2d\u4e70\u94c1\u7532\u8230\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f01\u56fe\u63fd\u6743\uff0c\u63a7\u5236\u4e2d\u56fd\u6d77\u519b\u30021879\u5e74\uff0c\u8d6b\u5fb7\u8d81\u65e5\u672c\u541e\u5e76\u7409\u7403\u3001\u6e05\u653f\u5e9c\u91cd\u8bae\u6d77\u9632\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u5448\u9012\u7ed9\u603b\u7406\u8859\u95e8\u4e00\u4efd\u300a\u6761\u9648\u6d77\u9632\u7ae0\u7a0b\u300b\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u201c\u6d3e\u897f\u4eba\uff08\u5373\u8d6b\u5fb7\u81ea\u5df1\uff09\u4e3a\u603b\u6d77\u9632\u53f8\u7b49\u540d\u76ee\uff0c\u4e3e\u8239\u4ee5\u542c\u5176\u201d\uff08\u6ce8\uff1a\u300a\u674e\u6587\u5fe0\u516c\u5168\u96c6\u300b\uff09\u3002\u56e0\u6c88\u8446\u6862\u3001\u859b\u798f\u6210\u575a\u51b3\u53cd\u5bf9\uff0c\u8d6b\u5fb7\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u9634\u8c0b\u672a\u80fd\u5f97\u901e\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img 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Struggle for Naval Development\uff0c1839\uff5e1895\u201d\uff0cHarvard 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