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von Baden\uff0c1867\u20141929\uff09\u4e8e11\u67089\u65e5\u4e0b\u5348\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u5f97\u5230\u7687\u5e1d\u672c\u4eba\u786e\u8ba4\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5728\u67cf\u6797\u5355\u65b9\u9762\u5ba3\u5e03\u7687\u5e1d\u9000\u4f4d\u3001\u7687\u50a8\u4e5f\u653e\u5f03\u7ee7\u627f\u6743\uff08\u8bb8\u591a\u5929\u4e4b\u540e\u624d\u5f97\u5230\u7687\u5e1d\u548c\u7687\u50a8\u7684\u4e66\u9762\u786e\u8ba4\uff09\u3002\u5f53\u5929\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u6c11\u4e3b\u515a\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u83f2\u5229\u666e\u00b7\u8c22\u5fb7\u66fc\u5ba3\u5e03\u5efa\u7acb\u5171\u548c\u56fd\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u719f\u77e5\u7684\u9b4f\u739b\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u3002\u4e0d\u4e45\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6781\u5de6\u7ffc\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u5361\u5c14\u00b7\u674e\u535c\u514b\u5185\u897f\u5728\u67cf\u6797\u4e5f\u5ba3\u5e03\u5efa\u7acb\u201c\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u5fb7\u610f\u5fd7\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"http:\/\/5b0988e595225.cdn.sohucs.com\/images\/20181115\/fc55260d00c342a5a92424c3edf96c01.jpeg\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u793e\u4f1a\u6c11\u4e3b\u515a\u9886\u8896\u5f17\u91cc\u5fb7\u91cc\u5e0c\u2022\u57c3\u4f2f\u7279<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"http:\/\/5b0988e595225.cdn.sohucs.com\/images\/20181115\/0eaebcde911a4d88aa21f1480077ffb2.jpeg\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4efb\u5e1d\u56fd\u9996\u76f8\u5df4\u767b\u516c\u5b50\u9a6c\u514b\u897f\u7c73\u5229\u5b89\uff0c1914\u5e74<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u51fa\u9003\u7684\u7687\u5e1d<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0a\u662f\u7687\u5e1d\u9000\u4f4d\u3001\u5e1d\u5236\u8986\u706d\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u65f6\u95f4\u7ebf\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\u7687\u5e1d\u5728\u8fd9\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u505a\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\u5462\uff1f11\u67089\u65e5\uff0c\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u5f97\u77e5\u9a6c\u514b\u897f\u7c73\u5229\u5b89\u5ba3\u8a00\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u7687\u5e1d\u5bf9\u968f\u4ece\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u5b69\u5b50\u4eec\uff0c\u62ff\u8d77\u6b66\u5668\uff01\u201d[3]\u4ed6\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6597\u5fd7\u6602\u626c\uff0c\u4f46\u9488\u5bf9\u8c01\u6218\u6597\u5462\uff1f\u9769\u547d\u8005\uff1f\u201c\u51fa\u5356\u4e86\u5e1d\u56fd\u201d\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6c11\u4e3b\u515a\uff1f\u8fd8\u662f\u534f\u7ea6\u56fd\uff1f\u7687\u5e1d\u7684\u5fc3\u60c5\u80af\u5b9a\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u590d\u6742\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7136\u800c\u5f97\u77e5\u9a6c\u514b\u897f\u7c73\u5229\u5b89\u5ba3\u8a00\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u7687\u5e1d\u5c31\u5e26\u9886\u968f\u4ece\u4e58\u706b\u8f66\u51fa\u9003\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5929\u6e05\u6668\u8e0f\u4e0a\u4e86\u8377\u5170\u9886\u571f\uff0c\u4e00\u53bb\u4e0d\u590d\u8fd4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8c08\u5230\u590d\u8f9f\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u5c31\u8981\u95ee\uff1a\u9664\u4e86\u4ed3\u7687\u51fa\u9003\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u7687\u5e1d\u6709\u522b\u7684\u8def\u53ef\u8d70\u5417\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u7edd\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u53f3\u6d3e\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u8d35\u65cf\uff0c\u76f8\u4fe1\u4ed6\u539f\u672c\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u8ba9\u5927\u5bb6\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u800c\u4ed6\u4e00\u4e2a\u90fd\u6ca1\u9009\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4f5c\u4e86\u7b2c\u56db\u4e2a\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u6700\u574f\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u6b63\u56e0\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u590d\u8f9f\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u5927\u5927\u51cf\u5c0f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u5e1d\u5236\u7684\u6700\u540e\u51e0\u5929\uff0c\u5728\u5c0f\u9547\u65af\u5e15\uff0c\u7687\u5e1d\u548c\u4ed6\u8eab\u8fb9\u7684\u519b\u5b98\u3001\u5916\u4ea4\u5b98\u4e0e\u4f8d\u4ece\u6b66\u5b98\u6fc0\u70c8\u5730\u63a2\u8ba8\u7740\u4ed6\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6309\u7167\u9996\u76f8\u9a6c\u514b\u897f\u7c73\u5229\u5b89\u7684\u4e3b\u5f20\uff0c\u7687\u5e1d\u5e94\u5f53\u201c\u53ca\u65f6\u201d\u9000\u4f4d\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u8fd8\u6709\u4fdd\u5b58\u541b\u4e3b\u5236\u7684\u4e00\u7ebf\u5e0c\u671b\u3002\u9996\u76f8\u6d3e\u666e\u9c81\u58eb\u5185\u653f\u90e8\u957f\u5a01\u5ec9\u00b7\u5fb7\u9c81\u65af\u535a\u58eb\uff08Wilhelm Drews\uff0c1870\u20141938\uff09\u53bb\u89c1\u7687\u5e1d\u3002\u5fb7\u9c81\u65af\u572811\u67081\u65e5\u5411\u7687\u5e1d\u6c47\u62a5\u4e86\u9996\u76f8\u548c\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\uff1a\u5c3d\u5feb\u9000\u4f4d\u3002\u7687\u5e1d\u5f53\u573a\u65ad\u7136\u62d2\u7edd\uff0c\u5e76\u8c6a\u60c5\u4e07\u4e08\u5730\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u8981\u7528\u673a\u67aa\u5728\u77f3\u5b50\u8def\u4e0a\u6253\u51fa\u7ed9\u4f60\u7684\u7b54\u590d\u3002\u5373\u4fbf\u628a\u6211\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7687\u5bab\u70b8\u70c2\uff0c\u4e5f\u5fc5\u987b\u7ef4\u6301\u79e9\u5e8f\uff01\u201d[4]<\/p>\n<p>\u5fb7\u9c81\u65af\u7b49\u4eba\u82e6\u82e6\u54c0\u6c42\uff0c\u8bf4\u7687\u5e1d\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u9000\u4f4d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u67cf\u6797\u53ef\u80fd\u7206\u53d1\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u9769\u547d\u3002\u7687\u5e1d\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u9009\u62e9\uff1a\u201c\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u5c31\u4eb2\u81ea\u5e26\u51e0\u4e2a\u5e08\u5411\u67cf\u6797\u8fdb\u519b\uff0c\u628a\u53db\u5f92\u5168\u90e8\u7ede\u6b7b\u3002\u5230\u65f6\u5019\u770b\u7fa4\u4f17\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u7ad9\u5728\u7687\u5e1d\u548c\u5e1d\u56fd\u8fd9\u8fb9\uff01\u201d[5]\u201c\u82e5\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\uff0c\u628a\u67cf\u6797\u57ce\u90fd\u70b8\u70c2\u3002\u201d[6]<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3b\u5f20\u7687\u5e1d\u7387\u519b\u56de\u56fd\u9547\u538b\u9769\u547d\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u9ad8\u5c42\u5708\u5b50\u91cc\u5927\u6709\u4eba\u5728\u3002\u201c\u5fb7\u56fd\u7687\u50a8\u201d\u96c6\u56e2\u519b\u7fa4\u53c2\u8c0b\u957f\u5f17\u91cc\u5fb7\u91cc\u5e0c\u00b7\u51af\u00b7\u5fb7\u00b7\u8212\u4f26\u5821\u4f2f\u7235\uff08Friedrich Graf von der Schulenburg\uff0c1865\u20141939\uff09[7]\u662f\u575a\u5b9a\u7684\u4fdd\u7687\u6d3e\u3002\u4ed6\u575a\u4fe1\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u4ecd\u7136\u6709\u529e\u6cd5\u96c6\u7ed3\u4e00\u4e9b\u5fe0\u8bda\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u90e8\u961f\uff0c\u64a4\u56de\u672c\u571f\uff0c\u5411\u67cf\u6797\u8fdb\u519b\uff0c\u6b66\u529b\u9547\u538b\u9769\u547d\u3002\u597d\u51e0\u4f4d\u5c06\u9886\u652f\u6301\u8212\u4f26\u5821\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u3002\u8212\u4f26\u5821\u58f0\u6cea\u4ff1\u4e0b\u5730\u6073\u6c42\u7687\u5e1d\u201c\u4e0a\u524d\uff0c\u5230\u6211\u4eec\u5f53\u4e2d\u6765\u201d[8]\uff0c\u53bb\u6253\u4e00\u573a\u5185\u6218\u3002\u800c\u5728\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u65f6\u95f4\u91cc\u90fd\u662f\u5174\u767b\u5821\u4e0e\u9c81\u767b\u9053\u592b\u7684\u5080\u5121\u7684\u7687\u5e1d\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u673a\u4f1a\u53bb\u6446\u8131\u5080\u5121\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u505a\u4e00\u6b21\u5927\u4e8b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"http:\/\/5b0988e595225.cdn.sohucs.com\/images\/20181115\/b9d0353316694b38b4353d76180174b2.jpeg\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u5f17\u91cc\u5fb7\u91cc\u5e0c\u2022\u51af\u2022\u5fb7\u2022\u8212\u4f26\u5821\u4f2f\u7235<\/p>\n<p>\u90a3\u4e48\u7687\u5e1d\u4eb2\u81ea\u7387\u519b\u9547\u538b\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u884c\u5462\uff1f\u572811\u67088\u65e5\u548c9\u65e5\u7684\u9646\u519b\u5927\u672c\u8425\u519b\u4e8b\u5f62\u52bf\u62a5\u544a\u4f1a\u4e0a\uff0c\u519b\u9700\u603b\u76d1\uff08\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u9646\u519b\u603b\u90e8\u7684\u4e00\u53f7\u9996\u957f\uff09\u5a01\u5ec9\u00b7\u683c\u52d2\u7eb3\uff08Wilhelm Groener\uff0c1867\u20141939\uff09\u5bf9\u5fb7\u519b\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u8bc4\u4f30\u975e\u5e38\u60b2\u89c2\u3002\u683c\u52d2\u7eb3\u51b7\u9759\u5730\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u519b\u5b98\u5bf9\u90e8\u961f\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u529b\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f88\u5f31\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u7ea6\u675f\u548c\u6709\u6548\u5730\u6307\u6325\u58eb\u5175\uff1b\u90e8\u961f\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u613f\u610f\u8ddf\u968f\u7687\u5e1d\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u7528\u9646\u519b\u6765\u9547\u538b\u9769\u547d\u662f\u529e\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\u3002[9]\u9646\u519b\u603b\u53c2\u8c0b\u957f\uff08\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u9646\u519b\u6700\u9ad8\u7edf\u5e05\uff09\u5174\u767b\u5821\u8d5e\u540c\u4ed6\u7684\u5206\u6790\u3002\u7687\u5e1d\u5f81\u8be2\u4e86\u5927\u672c\u8425\u4e09\u5341\u4e5d\u4f4d\u5c06\u9886\u548c\u9ad8\u7ea7\u519b\u5b98\u7684\u610f\u89c1\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u519b\u961f\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u53ef\u9760\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"http:\/\/5b0988e595225.cdn.sohucs.com\/images\/20181115\/4108f11a6172481d8b3c25bf7455053a.jpeg\" \/><\/p>\n<p>1918\u5e7412\u6708\u521d\uff0c\u64a4\u56de\u56fd\u5185\u7684\u5fb7\u519b<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u67cf\u6797\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0d\u65ad\u6253\u6765\u7535\u8bdd\u548c\u53d1\u7535\u62a5\u50ac\u4fc3\u7687\u5e1d\u9000\u4f4d\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u9a6c\u514b\u897f\u7c73\u5229\u5b89\u9996\u76f8\u53c8\u5355\u65b9\u9762\u5ba3\u5e03\u7687\u5e1d\u548c\u7687\u50a8\u90fd\u653e\u5f03\u4e86\u7687\u4f4d\u3002\u5174\u767b\u5821\u60f3\u5230\u6cd5\u56fd\u5927\u9769\u547d\u671f\u95f4\u8def\u6613\u5341\u516d\u51fa\u9003\u3001\u88ab\u6355\u548c\u88ab\u5904\u6b7b\u7684\u60b2\u5267\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u51e0\u4e2a\u6708\u524d\u4fc4\u56fd\u6c99\u7687\u5168\u5bb6\u7684\u60b2\u60e8\u7ed3\u5c40\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u52c7\u6c14\u652f\u6301\u8212\u4f26\u5821\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u3002\u4ed6\u63d0\u8bae\u7687\u5e1d\u9003\u5f80\u4ec5\u4ec550\u516c\u91cc\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u8377\u5170\u738b\u56fd\u3002\u6700\u540e\u7687\u5e1d\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u6761\u8def\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f88\u591a\u8d35\u65cf\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u7687\u5e1d\u539f\u672c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\uff1a\u4ed6\u53ef\u4ee5\u53bb\u6b7b\u3002\u5728\u6d2a\u6c34\u6ed4\u5929\u7684\u5371\u6025\u65f6\u523b\uff0c\u7687\u5e1d\u5e94\u5f53\u4eb2\u81ea\u4e0a\u6218\u573a\uff0c\u5411\u534f\u7ea6\u56fd\u519b\u961f\u53d1\u8d77\u6700\u540e\u7684\u653b\u51fb\uff0c\u8f70\u8f70\u70c8\u70c8\u5730\u6218\u6b7b\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u624d\u80fd\u634d\u536b\u541b\u4e3b\u5236\u7684\u5a01\u671b\uff0c\u8ba9\u541b\u4e3b\u5236\u6709\u5e0c\u671b\u5728\u5fb7\u56fd\u751f\u5b58\u4e0b\u53bb\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3a\u540e\u4e16\u7559\u4e0b\u5149\u8f89\u707f\u70c2\u7684\u8c61\u5f81\u7b26\u53f7\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6309\u7167\u683c\u52d2\u7eb3\u7684\u8bb0\u8ff0\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u65af\u5e15\u66fe\u4e3b\u5f20\u201c\u7687\u5e1d\u7acb\u523b\u4e0a\u6218\u573a\u53bb\u6c42\u6b7b\u3002\u7687\u5e1d\u5145\u6ee1\u82f1\u96c4\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u58ee\u70c8\u727a\u7272\u80fd\u591f\u4e00\u4e0b\u5b50\u6539\u53d8\u653f\u6cbb\u5c40\u52bf\u3002\u6216\u8005\u5373\u4fbf\u4ed6\u6ca1\u6709\u9635\u4ea1\u800c\u53ea\u662f\u8d1f\u4f24\uff0c\u6c11\u610f\u4e5f\u6781\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u8f6c\u53d8\u5230\u5bf9\u7687\u5e1d\u6709\u5229\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u3002\u540e\u6765\u9646\u519b\u603b\u90e8\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u8f83\u5e74\u8f7b\u7684\u519b\u5b98\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u6211\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u613f\u610f\u4e0e\u7687\u5e1d\u4e00\u540c\u8d74\u6b7b\u201d\u201c\u2026\u2026\u5728\u6211\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u7687\u5e1d\u5e94\u5f53\u4e0a\u6218\u573a\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u4ed6\u7684\u4f1f\u5927\u7956\u5148\u5728\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u7edd\u671b\u5f62\u52bf\u4e0b\u4f1a\u505a\u7684\u90a3\u6837\u201d\u3002[10]\u683c\u52d2\u7eb3\u751a\u81f3\u8fd8\u548c\u603b\u53c2\u8c0b\u90e8\u4f5c\u6218\u5904\u5904\u957f\u7ea6\u963f\u5e0c\u59c6\u00b7\u51af\u00b7\u65bd\u8482\u5c14\u666e\u7eb3\u683c\u5c14\u5c11\u6821\uff08Joachim von St\u00fclpnagel\uff0c1880\u20141968\uff09\u4e00\u8d77\u505a\u4e86\u5b89\u6392\u7687\u5e1d\u58ee\u70c8\u727a\u7272\u7684\u51c6\u5907\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u6253\u7b97\u5728\u524d\u7ebf\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u4e2a\u5408\u9002\u7684\u5730\u6bb5\uff0c\u5e76\u5bfb\u627e\u613f\u610f\u966a\u7687\u5e1d\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u7a0b\u7684\u5fd7\u613f\u8005\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u8ba9\u7687\u5e1d\u4eb2\u81ea\u7387\u9886\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6b7b\u58eb\u5411\u654c\u4eba\u53d1\u8d77\u653b\u51fb\u3002\u786e\u5b9e\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u613f\u610f\u4e0e\u7687\u5e1d\u4e00\u8d77\u6177\u6168\u8d74\u6b7b\u3002\u5fb7\u519b\u9a7b\u6bd4\u5229\u65f6\u603b\u7763\uff0c\u8def\u5fb7\u7ef4\u5e0c\u00b7\u51af\u00b7\u6cd5\u5c14\u80af\u8c6a\u68ee\u7537\u7235\uff08Ludwig Freiherr von Falkenhausen\uff0c1844\u20141936\uff09\u636e\u8bf4\u66fe\u5728\u7687\u5e1d\u9762\u524d\u53d1\u8a93\uff1a\u201c\u8bf7\u965b\u4e0b\u4fdd\u6301\u575a\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u60a8\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u90fd\u7518\u613f\u4e00\u6b7b\uff01\u201d[11]\u6d77\u519b\u603b\u90e8\u7684\u9ad8\u7ea7\u519b\u5b98\u6784\u601d\u4e86\u66f4\u9760\u8c31\u7684\u65b9\u6848\uff1a\u8ba9\u7687\u5e1d\u767b\u4e0a\u4e00\u8258\u65d7\u8230\uff0c\u5728\u6d77\u4e0a\u53d1\u8d77\u81ea\u6740\u5f0f\u653b\u51fb\uff0c\u4e0e\u519b\u8230\u4e00\u8d77\u6c89\u5165\u5927\u6d77[12]\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u7687\u5e1d\u6ca1\u6709\u6b7b\u5374\u88ab\u4fd8\u7684\u5c34\u5c2c\u5c40\u9762\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u683c\u52d2\u7eb3\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u7b26\u817e\u5821\u4eba\uff0c\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u5411\u7687\u5e1d\u6307\u660e\u8fd9\u6761\u8def\uff0c\u8fd9\u5e94\u5f53\u662f\u666e\u9c81\u58eb\u5c06\u519b\u4eec\u7684\u4f7f\u547d\u3002\u4f46\u663e\u7136\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u76f4\u63a5\u5411\u7687\u5e1d\u63d0\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5efa\u8bae\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"http:\/\/5b0988e595225.cdn.sohucs.com\/images\/20181115\/a8ce07e0085945c1997201a20b938456.jpeg\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u5a01\u5ec9\u2022\u683c\u52d2\u7eb3<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"http:\/\/5b0988e595225.cdn.sohucs.com\/images\/20181115\/270e8ffa0e994a21a49c98f2142f2f9f.jpeg\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u8def\u5fb7\u7ef4\u5e0c\u2022\u51af\u2022\u6cd5\u5c14\u80af\u8c6a\u68ee\u5c06\u519b<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u6b62\u662f\u5927\u672c\u8425\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u72c2\u70ed\u519b\u4eba\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u9762\u4e5f\u6709\u4eba\u4e3b\u5f20\u7687\u5e1d\u4ee5\u6b7b\u8c22\u5929\u4e0b\u3002\u66fe\u4efb\u9996\u76f8\u7684\u683c\u5965\u5c14\u683c\u00b7\u7c73\u590f\u57c3\u5229\u65af\uff08Georg 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Berg\uff0c1866\u20141939\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u66fe\u4efb\u5fb7\u56fd\u8d35\u65cf\u534f\u4f1a\u4e3b\u5e2d\uff09\u4e5f\u5728\u56de\u5fc6\u5f55\u4e2d\u8bf4\uff0c\u7687\u5e1d\u5f85\u5728\u519b\u961f\u91cc\uff0c\u4e0d\u5e94\u5f53\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u62a4\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4eba\u8eab\u5b89\u5168\uff1b\u7687\u5e1d\u5e94\u5f53\u4eb2\u81ea\u4e0a\u524d\u7ebf\uff0c\u5e76\u5f85\u5728\u524d\u7ebf\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8eb2\u5728\u540e\u65b9\u3002\u201c\u751f\u547d\u65e0\u8db3\u8f7b\u91cd\uff0c\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u53ea\u6709\u8363\u8a89\u3001\u541b\u4e3b\u5236\u548c\u7956\u56fd\u3002\u201d[14]\u5c31\u8fde\u7687\u5e1d\u66fe\u7ecf\u7684\u597d\u54e5\u4eec\u83f2\u5229\u666e\u00b7\u5965\u4f0a\u4f26\u5821\u4faf\u7235\uff08Philipp zu 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src=\"http:\/\/5b0988e595225.cdn.sohucs.com\/images\/20181115\/2939a386150a4139a000bb84a91479d1.jpeg\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u683c\u5965\u5c14\u683c\u2022\u7c73\u590f\u57c3\u5229\u65af\uff0c1932\u5e74<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"http:\/\/5b0988e595225.cdn.sohucs.com\/images\/20181115\/da3f3af0a18e4c9bbe8797eade9a77c8.jpeg\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u5f17\u91cc\u5fb7\u91cc\u5e0c\u2022\u51af\u2022\u8d1d\u683c<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"http:\/\/5b0988e595225.cdn.sohucs.com\/images\/20181115\/dfbce6acd7a040918a1d1336fea68ce9.jpeg\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u7687\u5e1d\u66fe\u7ecf\u7684\u597d\u53cb\u83f2\u5229\u666e\u2022\u5965\u4f0a\u4f26\u5821\u4faf\u7235\uff0c\u540c\u6027\u604b\u8005\uff0c1906\u5e74<\/p>\n<p>\u7687\u5e1d\u4e0d\u80af\u53ca\u65f6\u9000\u4f4d\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u52c7\u6562\u5730\u9547\u538b\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u4ee5\u6b7b\u633d\u56de\u8363\u8a89\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e0d\u52a0\u62b5\u6297\u5730\u6e9c\u4e4b\u5927\u5409\u3002\u5e74\u7eaa\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u8d35\u65cf\u4eec\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u7687\u5e1d\u672c\u4eba\u6709\u575a\u5f3a\u7684\u6218\u6597\u610f\u5fd7\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u8eab\u8fb9\u7c07\u62e5\u7740\u8f6f\u5f31\u65e0\u80fd\u7684\u8c0b\u81e3\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u6002\u607f\u548c\u80cc\u53db\u4ed6\uff0c\u8bf1\u9a97\u4ed6\u8d70\u4e0a\u4e86\u9003\u4ea1\u7684\u4e0d\u5149\u5f69\u9053\u8def\u3002\u800c\u66f4\u591a\u8d35\u65cf\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u7687\u5e1d\u8fd9\u4e48\u505a\u662f\u4e34\u9635\u8131\u9003\uff0c\u662f\u5f53\u4e86\u53ef\u803b\u7684\u9003\u5175\u3002\u539f\u672c\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5e1d\u56fd\u540e\u534a\u671f\uff0c\u8d35\u65cf\u5708\u5b50\uff08\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u4e0b\u7ea7\u8d35\u65cf\uff09\u91cc\u5c31\u5bf9\u5a01\u5ec9\u4e8c\u4e16\u6709\u8bf8\u591a\u6279\u8bc4\u548c\u4e0d\u6ee1\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u6279\u8bc4\u4ed6\u62c9\u62e2\u548c\u52fe\u7ed3\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u72b9\u592a\u8d44\u672c\u5bb6\uff0c\u5ffd\u89c6\u4e86\u8d35\u65cf\u7684\u5229\u76ca\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u5f53\u9003\u5175\u7684\u7687\u5e1d\u7684\u5a01\u671b\u66f4\u662f\u4e00\u843d\u5343\u4e08\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u800c\u4e14\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u5f53\u9003\u5175\uff0c\u7687\u5e1d\u8fd8\u98df\u8a00\u4e86\u3002\u4ed6\u66fe\u591a\u6b21\u5411\u4e0d\u540c\u4eba\u627f\u8bfa\uff0c\u8981\u4e0e\u519b\u961f\u5f85\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u7edd\u4e0d\u629b\u4e0b\u5b98\u5175\uff0c\u54ea\u6015\u6b7b\u8def\u4e00\u6761\u3002\u4f8d\u4ece\u6b66\u5b98\u897f\u53e4\u5c14\u5fb7\u00b7\u51af\u00b7\u4f0a\u5c14\u6cfd\u66fc\uff08Sigurd 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src=\"http:\/\/5b0988e595225.cdn.sohucs.com\/images\/20181115\/ee4367d012fd422088f8c423486747ac.jpeg\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u8d6b\u5c14\u66fc\u2022\u57c3\u5c14\u54c8\u7279\u57281920\u5e74\u5361\u666e\u653f\u53d8\u671f\u95f4<\/p>\n<p>\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u65af\u8482\u82ac\u00b7\u9a6c\u6797\u8bfa\u592b\u65af\u57fa\u6316\u6398\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u8d35\u65cf\u79c1\u4eba\u901a\u4fe1\u3001\u65e5\u8bb0\u548c\u56de\u5fc6\u5f55\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u8868\u8fbe\u4fef\u62fe\u7686\u662f\u3002\u8fd9\u5bf9\u541b\u4e3b\u4e3b\u4e49\u601d\u60f3\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u6c89\u91cd\u6253\u51fb\u3002\u7687\u50a8\u7684\u526f\u5b98\u8def\u6613\u65af\u00b7\u7c73\u5c14\u5fb7\u7eb3\u00b7\u51af\u00b7\u7c73\u6069\u6d77\u59c6\uff08Louis M\u00fcldner von M\u00fclnheim\uff0c1876\u20141945\uff09\u65e9\u57281919\u5e74\u5c31\u65ad\u8a00\uff1a\u9a84\u50b2\u7684\u201c\u541b\u4e3b\u5a01\u4e25\u201d\u7adf\u843d\u5230\u4e86\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u803b\u7684\u7ed3\u5c40\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bf9\u541b\u4e3b\u4e3b\u4e49\u601d\u60f3\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u201c\u53ef\u6015\u7684\u635f\u5bb3\u201d\u3002[19]\u8d35\u65cf\u5730\u4e3b\u548c\u9a91\u5175\u519b\u5b98\u5a01\u5ec9\u00b7\u51af\u00b7\u5965\u5f6d-\u6258\u5c14\u8bfa\uff08Wilhelm von 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src=\"http:\/\/5b0988e595225.cdn.sohucs.com\/images\/20181115\/ee8304a15e2c468dae20e2e7d694df13.jpeg\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u672b\u4ee3\u7687\u50a8\u5a01\u5ec9<\/p>\n<p>\u7687\u5e1d\u548c\u7687\u50a8\u57281918\u5e74\u7684\u7cdf\u7cd5\u8868\u73b0\uff0c\u8fdd\u80cc\u4e86\u5fb7\u56fd\u8d35\u65cf\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\uff0c\u7c89\u788e\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e60\u4ee5\u4e3a\u5e38\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u8d35\u65cf\u4e43\u81f3\u5e7f\u5927\u6c11\u4f17\u5f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u541b\u4e3b\u4e3b\u4e49\u53d8\u5f97\u975e\u5e38\u8fb9\u7f18\u5316\u548c\u4e0d\u6d41\u884c\u3002\u800c\u5373\u4fbf\u5728\u51fa\u4e8e\u6000\u65e7\u3001\u5b88\u65e7\u548c\u654c\u89c6\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u7b49\u539f\u56e0\u4ecd\u7136\u4fe1\u5949\u541b\u4e3b\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5c11\u6570\u4eba\u5f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u4eba\u652f\u6301\u5a01\u5ec9\u4e8c\u4e16\u590d\u8f9f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u541b\u4e3b\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u5728\u539f\u5219\u4e0a\u4e3b\u5f20\u5fb7\u56fd\u5e94\u5f53\u6709\u541b\u4e3b\u5236\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u5185\u5fc3\u91cc\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u613f\u610f\u770b\u5230\u5a01\u5ec9\u4e8c\u4e16\u53ca\u5176\u513f\u5b50\u5377\u571f\u91cd\u6765\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u89c9\u5f97\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u914d\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u970d\u4ea8\u7d22\u4f26\u541b\u4e3b\u4e3b\u4e49\u53ea\u80fd\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6709\u6c14\u65e0\u529b\u7684\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u5f88\u96be\u6709\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u652f\u6491\u3001\u5207\u5b9e\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u548c\u53ef\u884c\u7684\u4e8b\u4e1a\u3002\u541b\u4e3b\u4e3b\u4e49\u7ec4\u7ec7\u201c\u4fdd\u5b88\u6d3e\u4e3b\u8981\u534f\u4f1a\u201d\uff08Hauptvereins der Konservativen\uff09\u7684\u4e3b\u5e2d\u57c3\u74e6\u5c14\u5fb7\u00b7\u51af\u00b7\u514b\u83b1\u65af\u7279-\u65bd\u95e8\u91d1[23]\uff08Ewald von Kleist-Schmenzin\uff0c1890\u20141945\uff09\u57281927\u5e74\u7684\u4e00\u6b21\u805a\u4f1a\u4e0a\u795d\u9152\uff0c\u5411\u201c\u6234\u7687\u51a0\u7684\u4eba\u201d\u81f4\u656c\uff0c\u5374\u4e0d\u80af\u8bf4\u5a01\u5ec9\u4e8c\u4e16\u6216\u8005\u7687\u50a8\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u3002[24]\u5fb7\u56fd\u8d35\u65cf\u534f\u4f1a\uff08Deutsche Adelsgenossenschaft\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0DAG\uff09\u57281926\u5e74\u4e00\u6b21\u4f1a\u8bae\u7684\u51b3\u8bae\u662f\uff1a\u201c\u5a01\u5ec9\u4e8c\u4e16\u7687\u5e1d\u4e0d\u662f\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u5927\u5bb6\u8ba4\u53ef\u7684\u541b\u4e3b\u4eba\u9009\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u6211\u4eec\u90fd\u540c\u610f\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u5df2\u6210\u5e74\u7684\u513f\u5b50\u4eec\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5408\u9002\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5e0c\u671b\u5728\u7687\u50a8\u7684\u957f\u5b50\u8eab\u4e0a\u3002\u201d[25]<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u9b4f\u739b\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u970d\u4ea8\u7d22\u4f26\u541b\u4e3b\u4e3b\u4e49<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u6240\u4ee5\u970d\u4ea8\u7d22\u4f26\u541b\u4e3b\u4e3b\u4e49\u6709\u81f3\u5c11\u4e09\u4e2a\u7687\u4f4d\u89ca\u89ce\u8005\uff1a\u5a01\u5ec9\u4e8c\u4e16\u3001\u7687\u50a8\u5a01\u5ec9\u548c\u7687\u957f\u5b59\u5a01\u5ec9\u3002\u9b4f\u739b\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u65f6\u671f\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u970d\u4ea8\u7d22\u4f26\u7687\u671d\u7684\u9057\u8001\u9057\u5c11\u7ec4\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u541b\u4e3b\u4e3b\u4e49\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u90fd\u4e0d\u6210\u6c14\u5019\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u515a\uff08Deutsche Volkspartei\uff09\u548c\u5fb7\u610f\u5fd7\u6c11\u65cf\u4eba\u6c11\u515a\uff08Deutschnationale Volkspartei\uff09\u90fd\u662f\u541b\u4e3b\u4e3b\u4e49\u653f\u515a\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u4ed6\u4eec\u5634\u4e0a\u8bf4\u7740\u541b\u4e3b\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u8a00\u8f9e\uff0c\u5403\u996d\u65f6\u5411\u7687\u5e1d\u6216\u7687\u671d\u656c\u9152\uff0c\u5374\u6ca1\u6709\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u590d\u8f9f\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u66f4\u8c08\u4e0d\u4e0a\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1918\u5e7411\u67089\u65e5\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u7687\u5e1d\u9000\u4f4d\u7684\u5f53\u5929\u665a\u4e0a\uff0c\u53f3\u7ffc\u4f5c\u5bb6\u6c49\u65af\u00b7\u666e\u6cd5\u4f0a\u8d39\u5c14\uff08ErnstPfeiffer\uff0c1876\u20141942\uff09\u5728\u67cf\u6797\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u201c\u6b63\u76f4\u8005\u8054\u76df\u201d\uff08Bund derAufrechten\uff09\uff0c\u8be5\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u5b97\u65e8\u5c31\u662f\u541b\u4e3b\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u53cd\u72b9\uff0c\u52301919\u5e74\u6709\u8d85\u8fc71000\u4f1a\u5458\u3002\u5728\u5176\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5927\u4f1a\u4e0a\u6709140\u540d\u6765\u81ea\u666e\u9c81\u58eb\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u53c2\u4f1a\u3002\u201c\u6b63\u76f4\u8005\u8054\u76df\u201d\u7f51\u7f57\u4e86\u4e0d\u5c11\u6709\u540d\u7684\u653f\u5ba2\u3001\u519b\u4eba\u548c\u8d35\u65cf\uff0c\u5982\u666e\u9c81\u58eb\u738b\u5b50\u57c3\u7279\u5c14\u00b7\u5f17\u96f7\u5fb7\u91cc\u5e0c\uff08Eitel Friedrich von Preu\u00dfen\uff0c1883\u20141942\uff0c\u5a01\u5ec9\u4e8c\u4e16\u7684\u6b21\u5b50\uff09\u3001\u5965\u65af\u5361\u738b\u5b50\uff08Oskar Prinz von Preu\u00dfen\uff0c1888\u20141958\uff0c\u5a01\u5ec9\u4e8c\u4e16\u7684\u7b2c\u4e94\u5b50\uff09\u3001\u5361\u5c14\u00b7\u51af\u00b7\u827e\u5185\u59c6\uff08Karl von Einem\uff0c1853\u20141934\uff0c\u9646\u519b\u5927\u5c06\uff0c\u66fe\u4efb\u9646\u519b\u90e8\u957f\uff09\u3001\u5e93\u8bfa\u00b7\u51af\u00b7\u97e6\u65af\u7279\u963f\u5c14\u666e\u4f2f\u7235\uff08Kuno Graf von Westarp\uff0c1864\u20141945\uff0c\u56fd\u4f1a\u8bae\u5458\uff09\u7b49\u3002\u5174\u767b\u5821\u603b\u7edf\u7684\u5973\u5a7f\uff0c\u666e\u9c81\u58eb\u5730\u4e3b\u548c\u519b\u5b98\u6c49\u65af\u00b7\u7ea6\u963f\u5e0c\u59c6\u00b7\u51af\u00b7\u5e03\u7f57\u80af\u80e1\u68ee\uff08Hans Joachim von Brockhusen\uff0c1869\u20141928\uff09\u662f\u201c\u6b63\u76f4\u8005\u8054\u76df\u201d\u7b2c\u4e00\u4efb\u4e3b\u5e2d\u3002[26]1922\u5e74\uff0c\u201c\u6b63\u76f4\u8005\u8054\u76df\u201d\u5728\u67cf\u6797\u7684\u5f17\u91cc\u5fb7\u91cc\u5e0c\u65af\u6d77\u56e0\uff08Friedrichshain\uff09\u4e3e\u529e\u4e86\u201c\u666e\u9c81\u58eb\u5927\u4f1a\u201d\uff0c\u67093000\u4eba\u53c2\u52a0\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\u201c\u6b63\u76f4\u8005\u8054\u76df\u201d\u670960\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\u5206\u652f\uff0c\u7ea62.5\u4e07\u4f1a\u5458\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6d3b\u52a8\u5f53\u7136\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\u3002\u8fd9\u5e746\u6708\uff0c\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8\u957f\u74e6\u5c14\u7279\u00b7\u62c9\u7279\u7459\uff08WaltherRathenau\uff09\u88ab\u53f3\u7ffc\u5206\u5b50\u523a\u6740\u3002\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u501f\u6b64\u673a\u4f1a\u5bf9\u5f62\u5f62\u8272\u8272\u7684\u53f3\u7ffc\u548c\u53cd\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u6d3e\u7cfb\u8fdb\u884c\u8c03\u67e5\u548c\u9547\u538b\u3002\u201c\u6b63\u76f4\u8005\u8054\u76df\u201d\u867d\u7136\u4e0e\u8fd9\u8d77\u523a\u6740\u6848\u4ef6\u6ca1\u6709\u76f4\u63a5\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u88ab\u67e5\u7981\u3002\u8be5\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u534a\u6708\u520a\u300a\u6b63\u76f4\u8005\u300b\uff08Der Aufrechte\uff09\u7b2c26\u671f\u5728\u62c9\u7279\u7459\u9047\u523a\u4e4b\u524d\u521a\u521a\u51fa\u7248\uff0c\u4e5f\u88ab\u67e5\u6284\u3002\u201c\u6b63\u76f4\u8005\u8054\u76df\u201d\u7684\u82e5\u5e72\u5355\u4f4d\u7ee7\u7eed\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u76f4\u52301934\u5e74\u88ab\u7eb3\u7cb9\u515a\u5f7b\u5e95\u89e3\u6563\u30021945\u5e74\uff0c\u6218\u4e89\u7ed3\u675f\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u66fe\u7ecf\u7684\u201c\u6b63\u76f4\u8005\u8054\u76df\u201d\u6210\u5458\u6d77\u56e0\u91cc\u5e0c\u00b7\u51af\u00b7\u9a6c\u68ee\u5df4\u8d6b\u7537\u7235\uff08Heinrich Freiherr vonMassenbach\uff0c\uff1f\u20141962)\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u51e0\u4f4d\u8001\u4f19\u4f34\u548c\u4e00\u4e9b\u65b0\u7684\u5fd7\u540c\u9053\u5408\u8005\uff0c\u7ec4\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u541b\u4e3b\u4e3b\u4e49\u534f\u4f1a\u201c\u4f20\u7edf\u4e0e\u751f\u6d3b\u201d\uff08Traditionund Leben\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"http:\/\/5b0988e595225.cdn.sohucs.com\/images\/20181115\/df3a08ebdf61410a821fb4f05540919b.jpeg\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u201c\u4f20\u7edf\u4e0e\u751f\u6d3b\u201d\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u5fbd\u8bb0\uff0c\u5373\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5e1d\u56fd\u7687\u51a0<\/p>\n<p>\u201c\u5fe0\u7687\u9752\u5e74\u56e2\u201d\uff08Kaisertreue Jugend\uff09\u662f\u9b4f\u739b\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u9057\u5c11\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c1922\u5e74\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u5728\u67cf\u6797\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u5b9a\u671f\u53bb\u8377\u5170\u591a\u4f26\u5bab\uff08Huis Doorn\uff09\u62dc\u8bbf\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u8fc7\u6d41\u4ea1\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u8001\u7687\u5e1d\uff0c\u5e76\u5411\u7687\u5e1d\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u65b0\u6210\u5458\u30021934\u5e74\uff0c\u201c\u5fe0\u7687\u9752\u5e74\u56e2\u201d\u88ab\u7eb3\u7cb9\u515a\u67e5\u7981\u3002\u4e8c\u6218\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u201c\u5fe0\u7687\u9752\u5e74\u201d\u52a0\u5165\u4e86\u201c\u4f20\u7edf\u4e0e\u751f\u6d3b\u201d\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"http:\/\/5b0988e595225.cdn.sohucs.com\/images\/20181115\/f3240ade725945fab77de1ff752ab87b.jpeg\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u591a\u4f26\u5bab\uff0c\u7687\u5e1d\u965b\u4e0b\u5728\u8377\u5170\u7684\u6d41\u4ea1\u4f4f\u6240<\/p>\n<p>\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u4f8d\u5949\u8001\u7687\u5e1d\u672c\u4eba\u7684\u541b\u4e3b\u4e3b\u4e49\u7ec4\u7ec7\u662f\u201c\u56ed\u827a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u201d\uff08OrganisationG\u00e4rtnerei\uff09\uff0c1924\u5e74\u5efa\u7acb\uff0c1928\u5e74\u89e3\u6563\u3002[27]<\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u6218\u7ed3\u675f\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u53f3\u7ffc\u51c6\u519b\u4e8b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u201c\u94a2\u76d4\u961f\u201d\uff08\u4e3b\u8981\u7531\u4e00\u6218\u8001\u5175\u7ec4\u6210\uff09\u4e5f\u6709\u541b\u4e3b\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u8272\u5f69\u3002\u5b83\u6781\u529b\u53cd\u5bf9\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\uff0c\u53cd\u5bf9\u5171\u548c\u56fd\uff0c\u4f46\u57281934\u5e74\u88ab\u7eb3\u7cb9\u515a\u5f3a\u8feb\u5438\u7eb3\u8fdb\u4e86\u51b2\u950b\u961f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9b4f\u739b\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u7684\u5012\u6570\u7b2c\u4e09\u4efb\u603b\u7406\uff08\u4efb\u804c\u65f6\u95f41930\u20141932\uff09\u3001\u4e2d\u592e\u515a\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u6d77\u56e0\u91cc\u5e0c\u00b7\u5e03\u5415\u5b81\uff08Heinrich 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src=\"http:\/\/5b0988e595225.cdn.sohucs.com\/images\/20181115\/80ba2f63db60438fbc51f04f823f7a43.jpeg\" 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