{"id":54909,"date":"2025-07-06T06:19:05","date_gmt":"2025-07-05T22:19:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/?p=54909"},"modified":"2025-07-06T06:19:05","modified_gmt":"2025-07-05T22:19:05","slug":"%e9%82%aa%e6%81%b6%e7%9a%84%e6%ba%90%e5%a4%b4","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/?p=54909","title":{"rendered":"\u90aa\u6076\u7684\u6e90\u5934"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u6765\u6e90: \u5229\u7ef4\u5766\u00a0 \u8bd1: antusen<\/p>\n<p>\u672c\u6587\u4f5c\u8005\u7b80\u4ecb\uff1a\u8bfa\u52a0\u00b7\u963f\u91cc\u5361\uff08Noga Arikha\uff09\uff0c\u601d\u60f3\u53f2\u5bb6\uff0c\u70ed\u8877\u7814\u7a76\u8eab\u5fc3\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u66fe\u5728\u5df4\u5fb7\u5b66\u9662\u4efb\u6559\uff0c\u662f\u300a\u5c55\u671b\u300b\uff08Prospect\uff09\u6742\u5fd7\u524d\u987e\u95ee\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u6210\u5458\uff0c\u5df4\u9ece\u827a\u672f\u5b66\u9662\u524d\u4eba\u6587\u5b66\u79d1\u4e3b\u4efb\u3002\u5728\u300a\u62c9\u5e15\u59c6\u5b63\u520a\u300b\uff08Lapham&#8217;s Quarterly\uff09\u53ca\u300a\u5efa\u7b51\u5b66\u6587\u6458\u300b\uff08Architectural Digest\uff09\u4e0a\u53d1\u8868\u8fc7\u591a\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u8457\u6709\u300a\u60c5\u611f\u548c\u6027\u60c5\uff1a\u5e7d\u9ed8\u7684\u5386\u53f2\uff082007\u5e74\u7248\uff09\u300b\uff08Passions and Tempers: A History of the Humours\uff09\u3002\u73b0\u5c45\u5df4\u9ece\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5229\u7ef4\u5766\u6309: 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src=\"https:\/\/i02piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/6d3438802297d394\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u7eb3\u7cb9\u515a\u536b\u519b\u5b98\u5458\u548c\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u5458\u5728Solah\u00fctte\u5ea6\u5047\u5c4b\uff08\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u5ea6\u5047\u80dc\u5730\uff0c\u8ddd\u5965\u65af\u7ef4\u8f9b-\u6bd4\u514b\u7459\u96c6\u4e2d\u842519\u82f1\u91cc\uff09\u6e38\u73a9\u3002\u62cd\u6444\u8005\uff1a\u5361\u5c14\u00b7\u5f17\u91cc\u5fb7\u91cc\u5e0c\u00b7\u970d\u514b\uff08Karl-Friedrich H\u00f6cker\uff09\uff0c\u5965\u65af\u5a01\u8f9b\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u6307\u6325\u5b98\u7406\u67e5\u5fb7\u00b7\u8d1d\u5c14\uff08Richard 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Fried\uff09\u66fe\u5728\u300a\u67f3\u53f6\u5200\u300b\uff08<em>The Lancet<\/em>\uff09\u4e0a\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u300aE\u7efc\u5408\u75c7\u300b\uff08Syndrome E\uff0c1997\u5e74\uff09\u3002\u7efc\u5408\u75c7\u610f\u6307\u75c5\u4eba\u8eab\u4e0a\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u4e00\u7ec4\u751f\u7269\u6027\u75c7\u72b6\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5171\u540c\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u4e34\u5e8a\u8868\u73b0\u3002\u5b57\u6bcdE\u4ee3\u8868\u90aa\u6076\u3002\u5f17\u91cc\u5fb7\u53d1\u73b0E\u7efc\u5408\u75c7\u5305\u542b10\u79cd\u795e\u7ecf\u5fc3\u7406\u75c7\u72b6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u75c7\u72b6\u901a\u5e38\u51fa\u73b0\u4e8e\u6076\u884c\u53d1\u751f\u65f6\u2014\u2014\u5982\u4ed6\u6240\u8a00\uff0c<strong>\u201c\u539f\u672c\u6ca1\u6709\u66b4\u529b\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u201d<\/strong><strong>\u53d8\u6210\u4e86<\/strong><strong>\u201c\u5c61\u6b21\u6b8b\u6740\u793e\u4f1a\u5f31\u8005\u7684\u6740\u624b\u201d<\/strong><strong>\u3002<\/strong>\u8fd910\u79cd\u795e\u7ecf\u5fc3\u7406\u75c7\u72b6\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>1.\u91cd\u590d\uff1a\u91cd\u590d\u51fa\u73b0\u65e0\u6cd5\u6291\u5236\u7684\u653b\u51fb\u6027\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<br 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\/>\n<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><strong>10.\u56e2\u4f53\u4f20\u67d3\uff1a\u5bf9\u56e2\u4f53\u7684\u5f52\u5c5e\u611f\u8bf1\u53d1\u4e86\u6210\u5458\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6210\u5458\u90fd\u5c06\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u6620\u5c04\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u6210\u5458\u4e4b\u4e0a\u3002\u5f17\u91cc\u5fb7\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u884c\u4e3a\u65b9\u5f0f\u90fd\u6709\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u751f\u7406\u5b66\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u5f88\u503c\u5f97\u7814\u7a76\u3002<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u4ee5\u524d\u6b63\u5e38\u4f46\u540e\u6765\u5f00\u59cb\u6740\u4eba\u7684\u4eba\u624d\u4f1a\u6709\u8fd9\u79cd\u7efc\u5408\u75c7\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u60c5\u51b5\u9664\u5916\uff1a\u6218\u65f6\uff0c\u65b0\u5175\u88ab\u6279\u51c6\u6740\u4eba\u6216\u88ab\u6279\u51c6\u6740\u5bb3\u65b0\u5175\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u58eb\u5175\u8fd4\u4e61\u540e\uff08\u5982\u679c\u771f\u7684\u8fd4\u4e61\u7684\u8bdd\uff09\u4f1a\u56e0\u6b64\u60a3\u4e0a\u521b\u4f24\u540e\u5e94\u6fc0\u969c\u788d\uff1b\u516c\u8ba4\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u75be\u75c5\uff0c\u5982\u53cd\u793e\u4f1a\u4eba\u683c\uff0c\u60a3\u6709\u6b64\u75c5\u7684\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5c04\u6740\u5c0f\u5b66\u751f\uff1b\u6fc0\u60c5\u72af\u7f6a\u6216\u8650\u5f85\u4ed6\u4eba\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4ece\u75db\u82e6\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u5feb\u611f\u3002\u6c49\u5a1c\u00b7\u963f\u4f26\u7279\uff08Hannah Arendt\uff09\u66fe\u5728\u300a\u827e\u5e0c\u66fc\u5728\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\uff081963\u5e74\u7248\uff09\u300b\uff08<em>Eichmann in Jerusalem<\/em>\uff09\u4e2d\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u6cd5\uff1a\u201c\u90aa\u6076\u7684\u5e73\u5eb8\u201d\uff0c\u5979\u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u53c2\u4e0e\u5927\u5c60\u6740\u7684\u4eba\u6216\u8bb8\u53ea\u662f\u666e\u901a\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u666e\u901a\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u8b6c\u5982\u4fdd\u4f4f\u5de5\u4f5c\u800c\u670d\u4ece\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c2\u70b9\u30021971\u5e74\uff0c\u65af\u5766\u798f\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u83f2\u5229\u666e\u00b7\u6d25\u5df4\u591a\uff08Philip Zimbardo\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u76d1\u72f1\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff1a<strong>\u5728\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\uff0c\u201c\u666e\u901a\u5b66\u751f\u201d\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u53d8\u6210\u8650\u5f85\u72af\u4eba\u7684\u5047\u201c\u72f1\u8b66\u201d\u2014\u2014\u4e0d\u8fc7\u9274\u4e8e\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u5176\u7ed3\u679c\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u6839\u636e\u7684\u3002<\/strong>\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u60a3\u6709E\u7efc\u5408\u75c7\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u786e\u5f88\u666e\u901a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u7cbe\u795e\u75be\u75c5\u3002\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u514b\u91cc\u65af\u6258\u5f17\u00b7\u5e03\u6717\u5b81\uff08Christopher Browning\uff09\u66fe\u57281992\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u300a\u666e\u901a\u4eba\u300b\uff08<em>Ordinary Men<\/em>\uff09\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\u4e86\u201c\u666e\u901a\u4eba\u201d\uff08\u5f17\u91cc\u5fb7\u5f15\u7528\u8fc7\u6b64\u4e66\uff09\uff0c\u90a3\u4eba\u540e\u6765\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u7eb3\u7cb9\u58eb\u5175\u3002<strong>\u6740\u5bb3\u6211\u7956\u7236\u7684\u58eb\u5175\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u4e5f\u662f\u4e2a\u666e\u901a\u4eba\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/i03piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/71db444efe90d0c6\" \/><\/p>\n<p>1994\u5e744\u67086\u65e5\u81f37\u6708\u4e2d\u65ec\u7684100\u5929\u91cc\uff0c\u5362\u65fa\u8fbe700\u591a\u4e07\u4eba\u53e3\u4e2d\u7ea6\u670950\u4e07\u5230100\u4e07\u4eba\u88ab\u6740\u3002\u56fe\u6e90\uff1aDazed<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u4eca\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5df2\u53ef\u5bf9\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u7c7b\u884c\u4e3a\u4f5c\u6709\u8bf4\u670d\u529b\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u4f46\u5355\u9760\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u65e0\u6cd5\u89e3\u91ca\u53ef\u6015\u7684\u6076\u884c\u3002<strong>\u4ee4\u4eba\u5174\u594b\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u5256\u6790\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u65b0\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5b83\u4ecd\u65e0\u6cd5\u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u91ce\u86ee\u884c\u5f84\u505a\u51fa\u89e3\u91ca\u3002<\/strong>\u653f\u6cbb\u53f2\uff08\u800c\u975e\u79d1\u5b66\u6216\u7384\u5b66\uff09\u6210\u4e86\u89e3\u91ca\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e3a\u4f55\u81ea\u76f8\u6b8b\u6740\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u56de\u6eaf\u4e0a\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u77ed\u77ed\u767e\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u7adf\u5145\u65a5\u7740\u5927\u91cf\u96be\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u66b4\u884c\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6709\u4e9b\u51fa\u4e8e\u653f\u6cbb\u7f18\u7531\u3002ISIS\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u548c\u70ed\u8877\u53c2\u519b\u7684\u9752\u5e74\u518d\u6b21\u4fc3\u4f7f\u5f17\u91cc\u5fb7\u52a0\u5feb\u7814\u7a76\u6b65\u4f10\u30022015\u81f32017\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u4ed6\u548c\u6cd5\u5170\u897f\u5b66\u9662\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u751f\u7406\u5b66\u963f\u5170\u00b7\u8d1d\u5c14\u6258\uff08Alain Berthoz\uff09\u9080\u8bf7\u8ba4\u77e5\u795e\u7ecf\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u795e\u7ecf\u751f\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u7cbe\u795e\u79d1\u533b\u751f\u3001\u6050\u6016\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e13\u5bb6\u53ca\u6cd5\u5b66\u5bb6\uff08\u6211\u5c06\u5728\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u5206\u4eab\u90e8\u5206\u4eba\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u89c1\u89e3\uff09\u53c2\u52a0\u4e86\u4ee5E\u7efc\u5408\u75c7\u4e3a\u4e3b\u9898\u7684\u4e09\u6b21\u4f1a\u8bae\u3002\u63a2\u8ba8\u90aa\u6076\u6e90\u5934\u65f6\uff0cE\u7efc\u5408\u75c7\u662f\u63a8\u52a8\u521b\u65b0\u6027\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u6709\u76ca\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u7528\u4eba\u7c7b\u8bed\u8a00\u6784\u5efa\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u6210\u679c\u7684\u6709\u529b\u4f8b\u8bc1\u3002\u4e0d\u5c11\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\u548c\u89e3\u91ca\u5df2\u7531\u6b64\u8bde\u751f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5927\u8111\u673a\u80fd\u89e3\u5256\u5b66\u4ee5\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u7cbe\u786e\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u63a2\u7d22\u4eba\u8111\u65f6\uff0c\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u4e5f\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u589e\u5f3a\u63ed\u793a\u4eba\u7c7b\u884c\u4e3a\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u66b4\u529b\u884c\u4e3a\uff09\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u65e2\u7136\u4eba\u7c7b\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u5316\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u884c\u4e3a\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u57fa\u7840\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u8981\u517c\u987e\u8fdb\u5316\u65f6\u671f\u548c\u5386\u53f2\u65f6\u671f\u4f53\u73b0\u51fa\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u7ed3\u679c\u2014\u2014\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u601d\u8003\u8fdb\u5316\u8fc7\u7684\u5927\u8111\u56de\u8def\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u4e3a\u6587\u5316\u6240\u7528\uff0c\u53c8\u5982\u4f55\u521b\u9020\u6587\u5316\u7684\u3002\u9274\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u8fdb\u5316\u6210\u4e86\u5929\u751f\u7231\u793e\u4ea4\u53ca\u4e92\u52a8\u7684\u751f\u7269\uff0c\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u5b66\u79d1\u5bf9\u8bdd\u2014\u2014\u5927\u8111\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u5b64\u7acb\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u884c\u52a8\u603b\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u7279\u5b9a\u5730\u70b9\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u4e14\u603b\u5e26\u6709\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u3002<strong>\u5fc3\u7406\u548c\u6587\u5316\u73af\u5883\u662f\u51b3\u5b9a\u65e2\u5b9a\u751f\u7269\u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f\u5426\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002\u5f17\u91cc\u5fb7\u5217\u4e3e\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u662f\u7ed3\u5408\u795e\u7ecf\u5b66\u548c\u73af\u5883\u56e0\u7d20\u540e\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>E\u7efc\u5408\u75c7\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u7279\u5f81\u662f\uff1a\u201c\u60c5\u611f\u53cd\u5e94\u51cf\u5f31\u201d\u3002<\/strong><strong>\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4eba\uff08\u786e\u5207\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u7cbe\u795e\u53d8\u6001\u9664\u5916\uff09\u7f9e\u4e8e\u6216\u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u613f\u610f\u7ed9\u4ed6\u4eba\u9020\u6210\u75db\u82e6\uff0c\u6740\u4eba\u66f4\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u3002<\/strong>\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u5b66\u5bb6\u7f57\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u6770\u4f0a\u00b7\u91cc\u592b\u987f\uff08Robert Jay Lifton\uff09\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u6d17\u8111\u548c\u5f3a\u8feb\u624d\u80fd\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u53cd\u5e94\u8fdf\u949d\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u6253\u7834\u6c89\u9ed8\uff0c\u8de8\u8d8a\u201c\u4e60\u60ef\u4e2d\u201d\u8bbe\u5b9a\u7684\u754c\u9650\u2014\u2014<strong>\u60a3\u6709E\u7efc\u5408\u75c7\u7684\u4eba\u6740\u7684\u4eba\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u5c31\u8d8a\u5bb9\u6613\u6740\u66f4\u591a\u4eba\u3002<\/strong><strong>\u53c2\u4e0e\u5927\u5c60\u6740\u3001\u6298\u78e8\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u65bd\u5bb3\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u7231\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e0c\u671b\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u5f97\u5230\u6700\u597d\u7684\u4e00\u5207\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u5374\u9ebb\u6728\u4e0d\u4ec1\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u662f\u5178\u578b\u7684\u533a\u522b\u5316\u75c7\u72b6\u3002<\/strong>\u6740\u5bb3\u6211\u7956\u7236\u7684\u7eb3\u7cb9\u58eb\u5175\u53ef\u80fd\u5c31\u6709\u6b64\u75c7\u72b6\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c06\u5bb6\u5ead\u5f52\u5c5e\u611f\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u5f52\u5c5e\u611f\u533a\u522b\u5316\u4e86\u3002\u5f53\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u5f52\u5c5e\u611f\u76f8\u9047\u65f6\uff0c\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u8ba4\u540c\u611f\u4f1a\u66b4\u589e\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u6ce2\u65af\u5c3c\u4e9a\u548c\u5362\u65fa\u8fbe\u90fd\u53d1\u751f\u8fc7\u79cd\u65cf\u6210\u5458\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e92\u76f8\u653b\u51fb\u7684\u4e8b\u3002\u79fb\u60c5\u73b0\u8c61\u53d8\u5f97\u975e\u5e38\u7f55\u89c1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5fb7\u56fd\u83b1\u6bd4\u9521\u9a6c\u514b\u65af\u00b7\u666e\u6717\u514b\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5854\u5c3c\u4e9a\u00b7\u8f9b\u683c\uff08Tania Singer\uff09\u5c06<strong>\u540c\u7406\u5fc3\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\uff1a\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eba\u4ea7\u751f\u60c5\u611f\u201c\u5171\u9e23\u201d\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/strong>\u4ece\u5a74\u513f\u671f\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u4f1a\u9010\u6e10\u6a21\u4eff\u3001\u5173\u6ce8\u4ed6\u4eba\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u60f3\u4ed6\u4eba\u4e4b\u6240\u60f3\uff0c\u5b66\u4f1a\u6362\u4f4d\u601d\u8003\u3002\u4fc3\u4f7f\u540c\u7406\u5fc3\u53d1\u5c55\u9700\u8981\u5148\u638c\u63e1\u533a\u5206\u81ea\u6211\u548c\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u5fc3\u667a\u7406\u8bba\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u4f1a\u57285\u5c81\u524d\u83b7\u5f97\u8be5\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u4e9a\u7279\u5170\u5927\u57c3\u9ed8\u91cc\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u83f2\u5229\u666e\u00b7\u7f57\u590f\u7279\uff08Philippe Rochat\uff09\u5411\u6211\u4eec\u5c55\u793a\u4e86<strong>\u5b69\u5b50\u5982\u4f55\u57285\u5c81\u524d\u5f62\u6210\u9053\u5fb7\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u4ed6\u4eba\u5bdf\u89c9\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/q9.itc.cn\/q_70\/images01\/20250423\/3a7b455b0c9543f8afa5c9a6df983c10.jpeg\" \/><\/p>\n<p>1998\u5e74\u5370\u5c3c\u6392\u534e\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff08Kerusuhan Mei 1998\uff09\uff1a\u4ece1998\u5e745\u670813\u65e5\u81f316\u65e5\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u5370\u5c3c\u68c9\u5170\u3001\u96c5\u52a0\u8fbe\u3001\u68ad\u7f57\u7b49\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u7531\u66b4\u5f92\u53d1\u52a8\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u9488\u5bf9\u534e\u88d4\u793e\u7fa4\u4e4b\u66b4\u52a8\u3002\u66b4\u4e71\u6301\u7eed\u7ea6\u4e09\u5929\uff0c\u6570\u4e07\u540d\u534e\u88d4\u53d7\u5230\u6709\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u8650\u5f85\u4e0e\u6740\u5bb3\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u540c\u7406\u5fc3\u867d\u7136\u80fd\u4f7f\u67d0\u4e2a\u56e2\u4f53\u6216\u793e\u4f1a\u5bcc\u6709\u51dd\u805a\u529b\uff0c\u4f46\u6709\u65f6\u4e5f\u4f1a\u67d3\u4e0a\u504f\u89c1\u4e0e\u72ed\u9698\u7684\u8272\u5f69\u3002\u540c\u7406\u5fc3\u8fd8\u4f1a\u6ecb\u957f\u590d\u4ec7\u7684\u60c5\u7eea\u3002<\/strong>\u5bbe\u5915\u6cd5\u5c3c\u4e9a\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u57c3\u7c73\u5c14\u00b7\u5e03\u9c81\u8bfa\uff08Emile Bruneau\uff09\u5df2\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c<strong>\u5728\u540c\u7406\u5fc3\u7684\u9a71\u4f7f\u4e0b\uff0c\u201c\u5185\u90e8\u56e2\u4f53\u201d\u5bb9\u6613\u5c06\u201c\u5916\u90e8\u56e2\u4f53\u201d\u89c6\u4e3a\u654c\u4eba\u5e76\u727a\u7272\u5bf9\u65b9\u7684\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u56e2\u4f53\u6210\u5458\u8fd8\u4f1a\u56e0\u6b64\u5931\u53bb\u4eba\u6027\u3002<\/strong>\u6b63\u56e0\u4e3a\u4eba\u7c7b\u60ef\u4e8e\u533a\u5206\u672c\u56e2\u4f53\u4e0e\u5916\u56e2\u4f53\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u6d41\u6d6a\u6c49\u8eab\u8fb9\u8def\u8fc7\u65f6\uff0c\u624d\u4e0d\u4f1a\u60f3\u8981\u65bd\u4ee5\u63f4\u624b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u80cc\u540e\u8bf4\u4eba\u95f2\u8bdd\u65f6\uff0c\u624d\u4f1a\u5174\u9ad8\u91c7\u70c8\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u90fd\u5728\u6709\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u5730\u52a8\u7528\u540c\u7406\u5fc3\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u7684\u3002\u793e\u4f1a\u53ca\u5bb6\u5ead\u751f\u6d3b\u3001\u5546\u4e1a\u53ca\u653f\u6cbb\u9886\u57df\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u975e\u81f4\u547d\u6027\u66b4\u529b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u540c\u7406\u5fc3\u7684\u7f3a\u5931\u65e0\u65f6\u4e0d\u5728\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5251\u6865\u5927\u5b66\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u897f\u8499\u00b7\u5df4\u9f99-\u79d1\u6069\uff08Simon Baron-Cohen\uff09\u5728\u300a\u90aa\u6076\u79d1\u5b66\uff1a\u540c\u7406\u5fc3\u4e0e\u6b8b\u5fcd\u8d77\u6e90\u300b\uff08<em>Science of Evil: On empathy and the Origins of Cruelty<\/em>\uff09\u4e2d\u63d0\u53ca\u7684<strong>\u540c\u7406\u5fc3\u5f31\u5316\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u4e0d\u662f\u6781\u7aef\u66b4\u529b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7206\u53d1\u7684\u5145\u5206\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u5b83\u4e3a\u6b67\u89c6\u548c\u79cd\u65cf\u5c60\u6740\u884c\u4e3a\u5f00\u8f9f\u4e86\u9053\u8def\u3002<\/strong>\u6b63\u5982\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u795e\u7ecf\u5b66\u5bb6\u5409\u6069\u00b7\u5fb7\u585e\u8fea\uff08Jean Decety\uff09\u6240\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u8d85\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u4e5f\u6709\u9ed1\u6697\u7684\u4e00\u9762\u3002\u201d\u3010\u8bd1\u8005\u6ce8\uff1a\u8682\u8681\u3001\u871c\u8702\u7b49\u771f\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\uff08eusocial\uff09\u52a8\u7269\u53ea\u4f1a\u4fdd\u62a4\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5de2\u7a74\u548c\u4eb2\u5c5e\uff0c\u800c\u4eba\u7c7b\u662f\u8d85\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u52a8\u7269\uff0c\u4f1a\u5c06\u5173\u7231\u6269\u5c55\u5230\u4eb2\u5c5e\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u8fd8\u4f1a\u727a\u7272\u5c0f\u6211\uff0c\u6210\u5168\u5927\u6211\u3011<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ad9\u5728\u4eba\u7c7b\u53d1\u5c55\u89d2\u5ea6\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u6d88\u9664\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e24\u9762\u6027\u7684\u795e\u79d8\u611f\u2014\u2014\u5373\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u5e2e\u52a9\u5bf9\u65b9\uff0c\u4e5f\u80fd\u6740\u6b7b\u5bf9\u65b9\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u4f1a\u8bf4\u670d\u81ea\u5df1\u53c2\u4e0e\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u6b63\u4e49\u6218\u4e89\u201d\u3002\u4e0e\u9ed1\u7329\u7329\u7b49\u4eba\u65cf\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fdb\u5316\u51fa\u4e86\u4e0e\u8eab\u8fb9\u4eba\u7c7b\u8054\u7cfb\u3001\u4ea4\u6d41\u3001\u5408\u4f5c\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4e5f\u8fdb\u5316\u51fa\u4e86\u653b\u51fb\u5916\u4eba\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u90e8\u843d\u6210\u5458\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fdb\u5316\u51fa\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u610f\u8bc6\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u62e5\u6709\u4e86\u4eba\u6027\uff0c\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u533a\u522b\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u65cf\u3002<strong>\u4ee4\u4eba\u4e0d\u89e3\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u7406\u89e3\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u80fd\u9488\u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u601d\u7ef4\u521b\u9020\u51fa\u590d\u6742\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u4ecd\u65e0\u6cd5\u505c\u6b62\u7834\u574f\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/i02piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/a4ce0413c1877b96\" \/><\/p>\n<p>1945\u5e744\u6708\uff0c\u7f8e\u519b\u89e3\u653e\u5e03\u75d5\u74e6\u5c14\u5fb7\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\uff08Konzentrationslager Buchenwald\uff09\u540e\uff0c\u5728\u5fb7\u56fd\u6c11\u4f17\u524d\u5c55\u793a\u4e00\u8f66\u7684\u56da\u72af\u5c38\u4f53\u3002\u5e03\u75d5\u74e6\u5c14\u5fb7\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u662f\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5728\u5fb7\u56fd\u56fe\u6797\u6839\u5dde\u9b4f\u739b\u9644\u8fd1\u6240\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5fb7\u56fd\u6700\u5927\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e8e1937\u5e747\u6708\u3002\u57281945\u5e744\u6708\u7f8e\u519b\u5230\u8fbe\u524d\uff0c\u9884\u8ba1\u5171\u670956000\u4eba\u53d7\u5bb3\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5927\u7ea6\u670911000\u540d\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u3002\u56fe\u6e90\uff1aHaiku Deck<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/i01piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/8d7f2b62cccdcdb2\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u8868\u73b0\u201c\u5168\u4fc4\u8083\u53cd\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u201d \uff08\u7f29\u5199\u540d\u79f0\u4e2d\u8bd1\u4e3a\u201c\u5951\u5361\u201d\uff09\u5904\u51b3\u72af\u4eba\u7684\u753b\u4f5c\u3002\u6839\u636e\u5951\u5361\u7684\u5b98\u65b9\u6863\u6848\u7edf\u8ba1\uff0c1918-1920\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u670912733\u4eba\u88ab\u5904\u6b7b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7edf\u8ba1\u53ea\u662f\u603b\u6570\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c \u4e0d\u5305\u62ec\u5951\u5361\u5728\u5404\u5730\u7684\u5206\u652f\u673a\u6784\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u3002\u800c\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u4f30\u8ba1\uff0c\u57281917\u5e74\u81f31922\u5e74\u671f\u95f4\u88ab\u5904\u6b7b\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u4eba\u6570\u9ad8\u8fbe14\u4e07\uff0c\u5c1a\u4e0d\u5305\u62ec\u5185\u6218\u6b7b\u4ea1\u8005\u3001\u91ce\u86ee\u7684\u62a5\u590d\u3001\u5927\u5c60\u6740\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7f6a\u884c\u7684\u81f4\u6b7b\u8005\u3002\u56fe\u6e90\uff1aHaiku Deck<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/i01piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/2ed022f56bba51e3\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u6709\u201c\u98df\u4eba\u9b54\u738b\u201d\u79f0\u53f7\u7684\u4f0a\u8fea\u00b7\u963f\u660e\uff08Idi Amin\uff09\u5728\u4f4d\u671f\u95f4\u5949\u884c\u6050\u6016\u72ec\u88c1\u7edf\u6cbb\uff0c\u56fd\u5185\u88ab\u6740\u4eba\u6570\u8fbe\u6570\u4ee5\u5341\u4e07\u8ba1\uff08\u903e\u4e94\u5341\u4e07\u4eba\u975e\u6b63\u5e38\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff09\uff0c\u5f53\u4e2d\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u53cd\u5bf9\u4ed6\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4eba\u7269\u3002\u56fe\u6e90\uff1aThoughtCo<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c70%\u7684\u4eba\u4f1a\u4ee5\u67d0\u56e2\u4f53\u6210\u5458\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u72af\u7f6a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u751f\u7406\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u8be5\u6a21\u578b\u5c06\u79fb\u60c5\u89c6\u4f5c\u878d\u5408\u4e86\u6267\u884c\u3001\u8fd0\u52a8\u524d\u533a\u53ca\u611f\u89c9\u8fd0\u52a8\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u590d\u6742\u52a8\u6001\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u5b83\u7279\u522b\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u8179\u5185\u4fa7\u524d\u989d\u53f6\u76ae\u5c42\uff08vmPFC\uff09\u548c\u7736\u989d\u53f6\u76ae\u5c42\uff08OFC\uff09\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\uff08\u4e8c\u8005\u90e8\u5206\u91cd\u53e0\uff09\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u5904\u7406\u674f\u4ec1\u6838\uff08\u5927\u8111\u8fb9\u7f18\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u8fdb\u5316\u51fa\u7684\u53e4\u8001\u7ed3\u6784\uff09\u4ea7\u51fa\u60c5\u7eea\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002\u7736\u989d\u53f6\u76ae\u5c42\u635f\u4f24\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u60c5\u7eea\u548c\u51b3\u65ad\u529b\u3002<strong>\u6d1b\u6749\u77f6\u5357\u52a0\u5dde\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5b89\u4e1c\u5c3c\u5965\u00b7\u8fbe\u9a6c\u897f\u5965\uff08Antonio Damasio\uff09\u5df2\u7528\u8eaf\u4f53\u6807\u8bb0\u5047\u8bf4\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4f20\u9012\u60c5\u7eea\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\u611f\u53d7\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u4eba\u4eec\u505a\u51fa\u57fa\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u73af\u5883\u7684\u9002\u5f53\u51b3\u7b56\u7684\uff08\u8179\u5185\u4fa7\u524d\u989d\u53f6\u76ae\u5c42\u548c\u7736\u989d\u53f6\u76ae\u5c42\u8d1f\u8d23\u5904\u7406\u60c5\u7eea\uff09\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u9053\u5fb7\u89c2\u5ff5\uff09\u6b63\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u6b64\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/i03piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/a4c4014a2b12b2bd\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u7eff\u8272\u90e8\u5206\u4e3a\u7736\u989d\u53f6\u76ae\u5c42\uff08OFC\uff09\u3002\u56fe\u6e90\uff1a\u7ef4\u57fa<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5927\u8111\u989d\u53f6\u4e2d\u7684\u533a\u57df\u8fc7\u5ea6\u6d3b\u8dc3\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u6291\u5236\u674f\u4ec1\u6838\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u51cf\u5f31\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u53cd\u5e94\u3002<strong>\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5f3a\u8feb\u75c7\u60a3\u8005\u7684\u7736\u989d\u53f6\u76ae\u5c42\u5904\u4e8e\u5931\u8c03\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/strong><strong>\u6216\u8bb8\u8ba4\u53ef\u67d0\u56e2\u4f53\u4e3a\u6740\u622e\u884c\u4e3a\u8fa9\u62a4\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u7736\u989d\u53f6\u76ae\u5c42\u51fa\u4e86\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/strong>\u8fd9\u79cd\u7531\u53ef\u5361\u56e0\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u7269\u8d28\u5f15\u53d1\u7684\u8fc7\u5ea6\u5174\u594b\u611f\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u6270\u4e71\u4e86\u5185\u4fa7\u524d\u989d\u53f6\u76ae\u5c42\u7684\u673a\u80fd\u3002<strong>\u7b80\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0cE\u7efc\u5408\u75c7\u4f7f\u5904\u7406\u60c5\u7eea\u7684\u5927\u8111\u533a\u57df\u4e0d\u518d\u7ba1\u675f\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u4e0e\u884c\u52a8\u3002\u674f\u4ec1\u6838\u65e0\u6cd5\u4e0e\u5f71\u54cd\u9ad8\u9636\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u76ae\u8d28\u7ed3\u6784\u5efa\u7acb\u8054\u7cfb\u3002<\/strong>\u884c\u4e3a\u81ea\u6211\u4e0e\u611f\u89c9\u81ea\u6211\u4e00\u5206\u4e3a\u4e8c\uff08\u5f17\u91cc\u5fb7\u79f0\u5176\u4e3a\u201c\u8ba4\u77e5\u65ad\u88c2\u201d\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c70%\u7684\u4eba\u4f1a\u56e0\u6b64\u4ee5\u67d0\u56e2\u4f53\u6210\u5458\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u72af\u7f6a\u2014\u2014\u6070\u4f3c\u65af\u5766\u798f\u76d1\u72f1\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5448\u73b0\u7684\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u8c61\u88ab\u8b66\u544a\u8981\u627f\u62c5\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u540e\u679c\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ecd\u4f1a\u9009\u62e9\u8650\u5f85\u201c\u72af\u4eba\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u81ea\u6211\u8ba4\u77e5\u65ad\u88c2\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\uff0c\u5176\u884c\u4e3a\u6ca1\u6709\u540c\u7406\u5fc3\u3002\u4f46\u540c\u7406\u5fc3\u5e76\u4e0d\u603b\u80fd\u4f7f\u4eba\u505a\u51fa\u6070\u5f53\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u2014\u2014\u8b6c\u5982\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u540c\u60c5\u56e0\u6c14\u5019\u53d8\u5316\u800c\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7684\u6606\u866b\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u6027\u5730\u91c7\u53d6\u884c\u52a8\u5e94\u5bf9\u707e\u96be\u3002<strong>\u540c\u7406\u5fc3\u751a\u81f3\u4f1a\u8ba9\u4eba\u505a\u51fa\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u2014\u2014\u5f53\u5916\u79d1\u533b\u751f\u5bf9\u76d6\u7740\u624b\u672f\u6d1e\u5dfe\u7684\u75c5\u4eba\u5145\u6ee1\u540c\u7406\u5fc3\u65f6\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u5e76\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u53c2\u4e0e\u624b\u672f\u3002<\/strong>\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u53eb\u8fc7\u5ea6\u5171\u9e23\u3002\u5728\u300a\u53cd\u5bf9\u540c\u7406\u5fc3\uff1a\u7406\u6027\u540c\u60c5\u5b9e\u4f8b\uff082016\u5e74\u7248\uff09\u300b\uff08<em>Against Empathy:The Case for Rational Compassion<\/em>\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u8036\u9c81\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u4fdd\u7f57\u00b7\u5e03\u9c81\u59c6\uff08Paul Bloom\uff09\u66fe\u8bf4\u670d\u4eba\u4eec\u201c\u53cd\u5bf9\u540c\u7406\u5fc3\u201d\uff0c\u4ed6\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u201c\u7406\u6027\u7684\u540c\u60c5\u201d\u66f4\u9002\u5408\u6210\u4e3a\u8bc4\u4f30\u73af\u5883\u5e76\u51b3\u5b9a\u5e94\u5bf9\u63aa\u65bd\u7684\u6674\u96e8\u8868\u3002<strong>\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u4ee5\u6740\u5bb3\u76ee\u6807\u654c\u4eba\u4e3a\u4f7f\u547d\u7684\u56e2\u961f\u6210\u5458\u6216\u8bb8\u5bf9\u672c\u56e2\u4f53\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u60c5\u611f\u5171\u9e23\uff0c\u5374\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7406\u6027\u5730\u540c\u60c5\u654c\u4eba\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/i03piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/828e143ea7a729f3\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u5eb7\u514b\u7531\uff081942-\uff09\uff0c\u67ec\u57d4\u5be8\u534e\u4eba\u540e\u4ee3\uff0c\u7ea2\u8272\u9ad8\u68c9\u7edf\u6cbb\u67ec\u57d4\u5be8\u671f\u95f4S-21\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u3001\u743c\u9091\u514b\u706d\u7edd\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff08Choeung Ek\uff0c\u4f4d\u4e8e\u91d1\u8fb9\u5357\u90ca\uff0c\u8ddd\u79bb\u5e02\u533a15\u516c\u91cc\uff0c\u66fe\u7ecf\u662f\u7ea2\u8272\u9ad8\u68c9\u7684\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u3002\u6b7b\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u591a\u662f\u6765\u81eaS-21\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u7684\u72af\u4eba\uff09\u7684\u8d1f\u8d23\u4eba\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u52a0\u5165\u7ea2\u8272\u9ad8\u68c9\u524d\u662f\u4e00\u540d\u6570\u5b66\u6559\u5e08\u30022010\u5e74\u67ec\u57d4\u5be8\u6cd5\u9662\u7279\u522b\u6cd5\u5ead\u88c1\u5b9a\u4ee5\u6218\u4e89\u7f6a\u548c\u53cd\u4eba\u7c7b\u7f6a\u5224\u5904\u5176\u6709\u671f\u5f92\u521135\u5e74\uff0c\u540e\u4e8e2012\u5e74\u6539\u5224\u4e3a\u65e0\u671f\u5f92\u5211\u3002\u56fe\u6e90\uff1a\u7ef4\u57fa<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/i02piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/d92b0fdb8b781b5d\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u63cf\u7ed8\u7ea2\u8272\u9ad8\u68c9\u65f6\u671f\u6b8b\u9177\u7edf\u6cbb\u7684\u753b\u4f5c\uff0c\u662f\u67ec\u57d4\u5be8\u753b\u5bb6\u4e07\u7eb3\uff08Van Nath\uff0c1946-2011\uff09\u6839\u636e\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u7ecf\u5386\u6240\u521b\u4f5c\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u5f53\u65f6\u6240\u5728\u7684S-21\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u58f0\u540d\u72fc\u85c9\uff0c\u4ee5\u9177\u5211\u8457\u79f0\u3002\u4e07\u7eb3\u66fe\u770b\u5230\u8fc7\u7537\u56da\u72af\u88ab\u97ad\u6253\u3001\u6307\u7532\u88ab\u62d4\u6389\u3001\u624b\u811a\u4e00\u8d77\u88ab\u7ed1\u5728\u6728\u68cd\u4e0a\u7684\u60e8\u72b6\uff1b\u4e5f\u770b\u5230\u8fc7\u76d1\u72f1\u770b\u5b88\u6b8b\u9177\u5bf9\u5f85\u5973\u56da\uff1a\u4f24\u5bb3\u5973\u56da\u72af\u7684\u79c1\u5904\uff0c\u7528\u94b3\u5b50\u628a\u5979\u4eec\u7684\u4e73\u5934\u94b3\u6389\u3002\u56fe\u6e90\uff1aKhmer Rouge<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/i02piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/407fe14aefdaa366\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u636e\u4f30\u8ba1\uff0c\u57281975\u5e74\u81f31979\u5e74\u7ea2\u8272\u9ad8\u68c9\u6267\u653f\u671f\u95f4\uff0cS-21\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u81f3\u5c11\u5173\u62bc\u8fc714000\u81f315000\u540d\u56da\u72af\uff08\u90e8\u5206\u4eba\u76f8\u4fe1\u603b\u6570\u8d85\u8fc720000\u4eba\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4ec5\u67097\u4eba\u5e78\u514d\u4e8e\u96be\u3002\u800c\u4e0a\u6587\u4e2d\u7684\u753b\u5bb6\u4e07\u7eb3\u5c31\u662f7\u4eba\u5e78\u5b58\u8005\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u540d\uff08\u4e07\u7eb3\u662f\u67ec\u57d4\u5be8\u8457\u540d\u7684\u753b\u5bb6\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5eb7\u514b\u7531\u6ca1\u6709\u6740\u4ed6\uff0c\u8ba9\u4ed6\u7ed9\u6ce2\u5c14\u5e03\u7279\u753b\u8096\u50cf\u3001\u505a\u96d5\u50cf\uff09\u3002\u56fe\u6e90\uff1aThe Killing Fields Museum of Cambodia<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u7c7b\u4eba\u65e0\u6cd5\u5bf9\u76ee\u6807\u654c\u4eba\u4ea7\u751f\u4efb\u4f55\u60c5\u611f\uff0c\u9274\u4e8e\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e3a\u4f55\u4f1a\u8d8a\u8fc7\u754c\u9650\uff0c\u51b7\u8840\u4f24\u4eba\u548c\u6740\u4eba\u4e5f\u5c31\u4e0d\u96be\u7406\u89e3\u4e86\u3002\u6d77\u7259\u56fd\u9645\u5211\u4e8b\u6cd5\u9662\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u5458\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u72af\u7f6a\u8005\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6709\u6240\u6094\u6068\u3002\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u4e34\u5e8a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u5f17\u6717\u7d22\u74e6\u4e1d\u00b7\u897f\u7f57\u5c3c\uff08Fran\u00e7oise Sironi\uff09\u4e5f\u53d1\u73b0\u91cc\u592b\u987f\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u201c\u8c0b\u6740\u81ea\u6211\u201d\u786e\u5b9e\u5b58\u5728\uff08\u4ed6\u8d1f\u8d23\u8bc4\u4f30\u65bd\u5bb3\u8005\u3001\u6cbb\u7597\u65bd\u5bb3\u8005\u548c\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\uff09\u2014\u2014<strong>\u81ed\u540d\u662d\u8457\u7684\u5eb7\u514b\u7531\uff08Kang Kek Iew\uff0c\u522b\u540d\u675c\u514b\uff09\u5c31\u662f\u6700\u597d\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\uff0c\u6b64\u4eba\u662f\u67ec\u57d4\u5be8\u7ea2\u8272\u9ad8\u68c9\u7b2c21\u53f7\u5b89\u5168\u76d1\u72f1\uff08Khmer Rouge S-21 centre\uff09\u7684\u521b\u7acb\u8005\u4e0e\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\uff0c\u8be5\u76d1\u72f1\u662f\u5b9e\u65bd\u9177\u5211\u548c\u6b7b\u5211\u7684\u5730\u72f1\u3002<\/strong><strong>\u675c\u514b\u5b8c\u5168\u6ca1\u6709\u6094\u610f\u3002<\/strong>\u65bd\u66b4\u8005\u5c31\u662f\u4ed6\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\uff0c\u4ed6\u5168\u5fc3\u5168\u610f\u5730\u7ef4\u62a4\u8fd9\u4e00\u8eab\u4efd\uff0c\u751f\u6015\u5931\u53bb\u81ea\u6211\uff0c\u9677\u5165\u65e0\u80fd\u7684\u5883\u5730\u3002\u5f53\u897f\u7f57\u5c3c\u95ee\u4ed6\uff1a\u201c\u4f60\u4e3a\u4f55\u6ca1\u6709\u6127\u759a\u611f\uff1f\u201d\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u8ff7\u60d1\u4e0d\u89e3\u3002\u5bf9\u4ed6\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u7b80\u76f4\u662f\u80e1\u8a00\u4e71\u8bed\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u9664\u4e86\u5f17\u91cc\u5fb7\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u201c\u707e\u96be\u6027\u7684\u201d\u60c5\u611f\u9ebb\u6728\u5916\uff0c<\/strong><strong>\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u529f\u80fd\u4ecd\u5b8c\u597d\u65e0\u635f\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u662fE\u7efc\u5408\u75c7\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u8868\u73b0\u3002<\/strong>\u65bd\u66b4\u8005\u77e5\u9053\u8be5\u5982\u4f55\u4f24\u4eba\uff0c\u4e5f\u627f\u8ba4\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u5728\u627f\u53d7\u75db\u82e6\u3002\u4ed6\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u7537\u6027\uff09\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u4f7f\u5176\u540c\u60c5\u5e76\u7406\u89e3\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u3002\u5f53\u75db\u82e6\u6ca1\u6709\u5229\u7528\u4ef7\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u5173\u5fc3\u522b\u4eba\u662f\u5426\u75db\u82e6\u3002\u4ed6\u4e5f\u5e76\u4e0d\u5728\u610f\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u5426\u5728\u4e4e\u522b\u4eba\u7684\u75db\u82e6\u3002<strong>\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u5728\u4e4e\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u5426\u6709\u540c\u60c5\u5fc3\u3002<\/strong>\u88ab\u626d\u66f2\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u529b\u4f7f\u9053\u5fb7\u611f\u6d88\u5931\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u8eab\u4efd\u4e0e\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u878d\u5408\u5728\u4e86\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u5728\u8be5\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u611f\u89c9\u81ea\u6211\u548c\u8ba4\u77e5\u81ea\u6211\u4e00\u5206\u4e3a\u4e8c\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u89c4\u8303\u4e0e\u89c4\u5219\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e86\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u3002\u5728\u5927\u8111\u548c\u8eaf\u5e72\u4e2d\uff0c\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u59cb\u7ec8\u5b58\u5728\u4e14\u53ef\u53d7\u836f\u7269\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u5251\u6865\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5b66\u5bb6\u7279\u96f7\u5f17\u00b7\u7f57\u5bbe\u65af\uff08Trevor Robbins\uff09\u7814\u7a76\u8fc7\u201c\u836f\u7269\u6050\u6016\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c<strong>ISIS\u6210\u5458\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u82ac\u4e43\u4ed6\u6797\uff08\u5b89\u975e\u4ed6\u547d\u836f\u7269\uff09\u5f71\u54cd\u591a\u5df4\u80fa\u5206\u6ccc\u3001\u6d88\u8017\u7736\u989d\u53f6\u76ae\u5c42\u4e2d\u7684\u8840\u6e05\u7d20\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u8bf1\u53d1\u7cbe\u795e\u53d8\u6001\u822c\u7684\u50f5\u5316\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u589e\u5f3a\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u653b\u51fb\u6027\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u575a\u6301\u65bd\u884c\u67d0\u4e00\u884c\u4e3a\uff08\u5f17\u91cc\u5fb7\u5217\u4e3e\u7684E\u7efc\u5408\u75c7\u8868\u73b0\u4e4b\u4e00\uff09\u3002<\/strong>\u4eba\u4eec\u4e0d\u518d\u4f9d\u9644\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u4e5f\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u60c5\u611f\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u79fb\u60c5\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u75c7\u72b6\u53eb\u505a\u8ff0\u60c5\u969c\u788d\uff08alexithymia\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7b80\u5316\u8fc7\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5b66\u89c2\u70b9\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u6740\u4eba\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u4e0e\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u89e3\u91ca\u5176\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002<strong>\u4eba\u7c7b\u548c\u7075\u957f\u7c7b\u52a8\u7269\u7684\u7736\u989d\u53f6\u76ae\u5c42\u7279\u522b\u53d1\u8fbe\u3002<\/strong>\u6b63\u5982\u725b\u6d25\u5927\u5b66\u8ba1\u7b97\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u57c3\u5fb7\u8499\u00b7\u7f57\u5c14\u65af\uff08Edmund Rolls\uff09\u6240\u8bc1\u660e\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c<strong>\u7736\u989d\u53f6\u76ae\u5c42\u5728\u4eba\u4eec\u5e94\u5bf9\u523a\u6fc0\u65f6\uff0c\u662f\u53cd\u6620\u5956\u8d4f\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u5173\u952e\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u57fa\u4e8e\u4ef7\u503c\u5206\u914d\u2014\u2014\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5206\u914d\u81f3\u7269\u4f53\u3001\u60f3\u6cd5\u3001\u884c\u52a8\u3001\u89c4\u8303\u4ee5\u53ca\u4eba\u4e4b\u4e0a\u3002<\/strong>\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u5224\u65ad\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u53d8\u5316\u83ab\u6d4b\u4e14\u53ef\u6839\u636e\u5916\u754c\u53cd\u5e94\u800c\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u6fc0\u52b1\u6211\u4eec\u5bfb\u6c42\u6216\u907f\u514d\u523a\u6fc0\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/i01piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/0e5b1d6fc7165b02\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u5965\u65af\u7ef4\u8f9b\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u5806\u79ef\u5982\u5c71\u7684\u6b7b\u56da\u7684\u978b\u5b50\u3002\u56fe\u6e90\uff1aGeraint Lewis \/ Rex<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6ca1\u6709\u5f97\u5230\u5956\u8d4f\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u575a\u6301\u65bd\u884c\u67d0\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u662fE\u7efc\u5408\u75c7\u7684\u53c8\u4e00\u8868\u73b0\u2014\u2014\u5f3a\u8feb\u6027\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/strong>\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u9a6c\u8482\u4e9a\u65af\u00b7\u4f69\u897f\u5229\u5c3c\uff08Mathias Pessiglione\uff09\u548c\u4ed6\u5728\u5df4\u9ece\u7684\u56e2\u961f\u4e5f\u53d1\u73b0\u8179\u5185\u4fa7\u524d\u989d\u53f6\u76ae\u5c42\u5728\u8bc4\u4f30\u523a\u6fc0\u6216\u60f3\u6cd5\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u8d77\u6838\u5fc3\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u4e3a\u4e86\u83b7\u5f97\u8bf1\u4eba\u7684\u5956\u52b1\u6216\u907f\u514d\u7cdf\u7cd5\u7684\u540e\u679c\u800c\u91c7\u53d6\u67d0\u79cd\u884c\u52a8\u3002<strong>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5f53\u8179\u5185\u4fa7\u524d\u989d\u53f6\u76ae\u5c42\u88ab\u8fc7\u5ea6\u523a\u6fc0\u65f6\uff0c\u65b0\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5982\u54ed\u6ce3\u6c42\u9976\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e00\u60f3\u6cd5<\/strong><strong>\uff08\u5982\u201c\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u90fd\u5e94\u8be5\u6b7b\u201d\uff09<\/strong><strong>\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u5224\u65ad\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6539\u53d8\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u3002<\/strong>\u8fd9\u4e00\u73b0\u8c61\u662f\u81ea\u52a8\u53d1\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u53d7\u5916\u90e8\u5a92\u4ecb\u6216\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u4ef7\u503c\u610f\u8bc6\u4e4b\u5916\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ee4\u4eba\u4e0d\u5bd2\u800c\u6817\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u2014\u2014\u5f3a\u8feb\u884c\u4e3a\u4f7f\u4eba\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u8d23\u4efb\u611f\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u795e\u7ecf\u6d3b\u52a8\u610f\u5473\u7740\u72af\u7f6a\u884c\u4e3a\u53ea\u80fd\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u53d1\u751f\u3002<\/strong>\u5df4\u9ece\u6148\u60b2\u6551\u6d4e\u9662\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u5b66\u5bb6\u5927\u536b\u00b7\u79d1\u6069\uff08David Cohen\uff09\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u56e2\u961f\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e9b\u6fc0\u8fdb\u7684\u9752\u5e74\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u8bc4\u4f30\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u7ae5\u5e74\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u72b6\u51b5\uff0c\u5982\u6ca1\u6709\u7236\u4eb2\u3001\u6bcd\u4eb2\u60c5\u7eea\u591a\u53d8\u3001\u66fe\u88ab\u5bc4\u517b\uff0c\u90fd\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u8eab\u4efd\u7684\u5efa\u6784\u3002<strong>\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6700\u7ec8\u4f1a\u8ba9\u81ea\u5df1\u5f52\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u62e5\u6709\u8d85\u9a8c\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e2d\u3002\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u518d\u6b21\u80dc\u8fc7\u4e86\u5bb6\u5ead\u3002<\/strong>\u6b63\u5982\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u5bb6\u65af\u79d1\u7279\u00b7\u963f\u7279\u5170\uff08Scott Atran\uff09\u6240\u8bf4\uff0c\u51b2\u7a81\u5f80\u5f80\u96be\u4ee5\u5316\u89e3\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u534f\u5546\u89e3\u51b3\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u4ee5\u7edd\u5bf9\u7cbe\u795e\u4ef7\u503c\uff08\u4e16\u4fd7\u6216\u5b97\u6559\uff09\u4e3a\u6307\u5bfc\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u529f\u5229\u6027\u7ed3\u679c\u4e3a\u76ee\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u4f3c\u4e4e\u8fdc\u6bd4\u5bb6\u5ead\u5173\u7cfb\u66f4\u5177\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/i04piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/2c77d10f39e2cc77\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u6d77\u56e0\u91cc\u5e0c\u00b7\u5e0c\u59c6\u83b1\u4e8e1943\u5e74\u5728\u6ce2\u5179\u5357\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u8bb2\u8bdd\u8d4b\u4e88\u4e86\u72af\u7f6a\u884c\u4e3a\u4ee5\u9ad8\u5c1a\u6b63\u5f53\u7684\u7406\u7531\uff0c\u4ee4\u4eba\u4e0d\u5bd2\u800c\u6817\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u9053\u4e49\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u8d23\u4efb\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4eba\u6c11\u6740\u6b7b\u90a3\u4e9b\u60f3\u8981\u6740\u6b7b\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u201d\u56fe\u6e90\uff1aFamous People<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u5c0f\u8bf4\u300a\u70c8\u706b\u56fd\u571f\uff082017\u5e74\u7248\uff09\u300b\uff08<em>Home Fire<\/em>\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u82f1\u7c4d\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u88d4\u4f5c\u5bb6\u5361\u7c73\u62c9\u00b7\u6c99\u59c6\u5e0c\uff08Kamila Shamsie\uff09\u63cf\u7ed8\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5584\u826f\u3001\u5929\u771f\u4f46\u8ff7\u5931\u4e86\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u5c11\u5e74\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u4e0e\u901d\u4e16\u7684\u7236\u4eb2\u201c\u91cd\u805a\u201d\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u83b7\u5f97\u6ee1\u8db3\u611f\u5e76\u732e\u8eab\u66f4\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u4e8b\u4e1a\uff0c\u4ed6\u52a0\u5165\u4e86ISIS\uff0c\u6210\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u6050\u6016\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u727a\u7272\u54c1\u3002<strong>\u5185\u90e8\u548c\u5916\u90e8\u4e16\u754c\u4f1a\u6307\u5bfc\u6211\u4eec\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\u5e76\u4f7f\u4e4b\u5408\u7406\u5316\u3001\u4e00\u81f4\u5316\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u4f7f\u4eba\u611f\u5230\u5b89\u5fc3\u5e76\u575a\u4fe1\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u597d\u7684\u3001\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u3002<\/strong>\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u8981\u4f9d\u8d56\u9053\u5fb7\u611f\u5e76\u4f2a\u88c5\u6210\u9053\u5fb7\u611f\uff0c\u4f46\u6b63\u5982\u6d25\u5df4\u591a\u6240\u8a00\uff0c\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u201d\u4f1a\u56e0\u6b64\u5357\u8f95\u5317\u8f99\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u773c\u4e2d\u6070\u5f53\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u548c\u5185\u5fc3\u6df1\u5904\u6839\u6df1\u8482\u56fa\u7684\u5148\u9a8c\u4fe1\u5ff5\u4f1a\u56e0\u6b64\u4ea7\u751f\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u6c99\u59c6\u5e0c\u7b14\u4e0b\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u5f88\u5feb\u5c31\u540e\u6094\u4e86\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bd5\u56fe\u6446\u8131\u65e0\u6cd5\u5fcd\u53d7\u7684\u66b4\u529b\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u65e0\u6cd5\u627f\u53d7\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u5931\u8c03\u3002\u4f46\u7eb3\u7cb9\u533b\u751f\u4eec\u5374\u5e76\u975e\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u575a\u4fe1\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u4e3a\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u4e8b\u4e1a\u732e\u8eab\uff0c\u6267\u62d7\u5730\u8ba4\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u597d\uff0c\u6545\u800c\u662f\u6709\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u3002\u6d77\u56e0\u91cc\u5e0c\u00b7\u5e0c\u59c6\u83b1\uff08Heinrich Himmler\uff09\u4e8e1943\u5e74\u5728\u6ce2\u5179\u5357\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u8bb2\u8bdd\u8d4b\u4e88\u4e86\u72af\u7f6a\u884c\u4e3a\u4ee5\u9ad8\u5c1a\u6b63\u5f53\u7684\u7406\u7531\uff0c\u4ee4\u4eba\u4e0d\u5bd2\u800c\u6817\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u9053\u4e49\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u8d23\u4efb\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4eba\u6c11\u6740\u6b7b\u90a3\u4e9b\u60f3\u8981\u6740\u6b7b\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u201d\u00a0<strong>\u4e00\u65e6\u9053\u5fb7\u4e0a\u7684\u6b63\u5f53\u6027\u548c\u7ed9\u4e88\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u60c5\u7eea\u53cd\u5e94\u76f8\u5206\u79bb\uff0c\u66b4\u529b\u884c\u4e3a\u5c31\u4f1a\u62ab\u4e0a\u5408\u7406\u7684\u5916\u8863\u3002<\/strong>\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u73b0\u8c61\u4e0d\u65ad\u91cd\u6f14\u7740\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u201c\u666e\u901a\u4eba\u201d\u552f\u6709\u8de8\u8d8a\u67d0\u6761\u754c\u7ebf\u540e\uff0c\u624d\u4f1a\u60a3\u4e0a\u201cE\u7efc\u5408\u75c7\u201d\u2014\u2014\u73af\u5883\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u63a8\u624b\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u5728\u201c\u8de8\u754c\u201d\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7a76\u7adf\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/strong>\u4f26\u6566\u5927\u5b66\u5b66\u9662\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5e15\u7279\u91cc\u514b\u00b7\u54c8\u683c\u5fb7\uff08Patrick Haggard\uff09\u5c31\u6b64\u95ee\u9898\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u503c\u5f97\u6211\u4eec\u5173\u6ce8\u3002\u4ed6\u5411\u6211\u4eec\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5f3a\u8feb\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u6709\u591a\u5f3a\u5927\uff0c\u5b83\u80fd\u8ba9\u4eba\u4eec\u8de8\u8d8a\u754c\u9650\u30021961\u5e74\uff0c\u963f\u9053\u592b\u00b7\u827e\u5e0c\u66fc\uff08Adolf Eichmann\uff09\u5728\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u63a5\u53d7\u5ba1\u5224\u65f6\uff0c\u63f4\u5f15\u4e86\u201c\u7ebd\u4f26\u5821\u5ba1\u5224\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u8bc1\u8bcd\u201d\uff0c\u79f0\u81ea\u5df1\u201c<strong>\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u670d\u4ece\u547d\u4ee4<\/strong>\u201d\u2014\u20141945\u81f31946\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5b98\u5458\u5728\u7ebd\u4f26\u5821\u5ba1\u5224\u4e2d\u9996\u6b21\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u8fa9\u8bcd\u3002\u8036\u9c81\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u65af\u5766\u5229\u00b7\u7c73\u5c14\u683c\u62c9\u59c6\uff08Stanley Milgram\uff09\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u5938\u5f20\u5730\u58f0\u79f0\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u4f1a\u9009\u62e9\u670d\u4ece\u6743\u5a01\u9636\u5c42\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u4f24\u5bb3\u4ed6\u4eba\u3002\u7c73\u5c14\u683c\u62c9\u59c6\u5bf9\u8fd9\u79cd\u670d\u4ece\u6027\u5f88\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u54c8\u683c\u5fb7\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u81ea\u4e3b\u611f\u2014\u2014\u5373\u4eba\u4eec\u53d1\u8d77\u5e76\u81ea\u4e3b\u638c\u63a7\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u611f\u89c9\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5ef6\u7eed\u751f\u547d\u7684\u5173\u952e\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5224\u5b9a\u5211\u4e8b\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8bba\u636e\u3002\u54c8\u683c\u5fb7\u5728\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff08\u5b9e\u9a8c\u501f\u9274\u4e86\u7c73\u5c14\u683c\u62c9\u59c6\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u95ee\u9898\uff09\u4e2d\u6709\u610f\u5bf9\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5bf9\u8c61\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u7ea6\u675f\uff0c<strong>\u4ed6\u53d1\u73b0\u4eba\u4eec\u88ab\u8feb\u91c7\u53d6\u884c\u52a8\u65f6\uff0c\u81ea\u4e3b\u611f\u4f1a\u660e\u663e\u51cf\u5f31\u3002\u5f3a\u8feb\u884c\u4e3a\u4f7f\u4eba\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u8d23\u4efb\u611f\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d1\u73b0\u7740\u5b9e\u4ee4\u4eba\u4e0d\u5bd2\u800c\u6817\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/i01piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/43184951c2660c91\" 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and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders\uff09\u6216\u300a\u56fd\u9645\u75be\u75c5\u4e0e\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u9898\u7edf\u8ba1\u5206\u7c7b\u300b\uff08International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Problems\uff09\u5bf9\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u6b27\u6d32\u4eba\u6743\u6cd5\u9662\u524d\u9662\u957f\u517c\u6cd5\u5b66\u5bb6\u8ba9\u00b7\u4fdd\u7f57\u00b7\u79d1\u65af\u5854\uff08Jean-Paul 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