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(19\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b-20\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b)<\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<p><em>\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a<\/em><em>Michel Winock<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u201c\u6c11\u7cb9\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u4e00\u8bcd\u5f88\u665a\u624d\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u5173\u4e8e\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u4e66\u5199\u4e2d\u3002\u6b63\u662f\u8ba9-\u9a6c\u5229\u00b7\u52d2\u5e9e\uff08Jean-Marie Le Pen\uff09\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u6cd5\u56fd\u56fd\u6c11\u9635\u7ebf\uff08Front National\uff09\u57281980\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u5f02\u519b\u7a81\u8d77\u624d\u4f7f\u4eba\u4eec\u5f00\u59cb\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u6c11\u65cf-\u6c11\u7cb9\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\uff08national-populisme\uff09\u8fd9\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u6700\u65e9\u63d0\u51fa\u6b64\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u662f\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u76ae\u57c3\u5c14-\u5b89\u5fb7\u70c8\u00b7\u5854\u5409\u8036\u592b\uff08Pierre-Andr\u00e9 Taguieff\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u5c06\u6c11\u7cb9\u4e3b\u4e49\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u7c7b\uff1a\u6297\u8bae\u578b\u6c11\u7cb9\u4e3b\u4e49\uff08populisme protestataire\uff09\u548c\u8ba4\u540c\u578b\u6c11\u7cb9\u4e3b\u4e49(populisme identitaire)\u3002\u572819\u4e16\u7eaa\u665a\u671f\u7684\u6cd5\u56fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u8fd9\u4e24\u7c7b\u6c11\u7cb9\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5178\u578b\u6848\u4f8b\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u4e3a\u5e03\u6717\u70ed\u4e3b\u4e49\uff08boulangisme\uff09\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u7531\u4fdd\u7f57\u00b7\u6234\u9c81\u83b1\u5fb7\uff08Paul D\u00e9roul\u00e8de\uff09\u53d1\u8d77\u7684\u6700\u6301\u4e45\u7684\u7231\u56fd\u8005\u540c\u76df\uff08Ligue des Patriotes\uff09\uff1b\u540e\u8005\u5219\u4ee5\u53cd\u72b9\u601d\u6f6e\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u65d7\u624b\u7231\u5fb7\u534e\u00b7\u5fb7\u5f8b\u8499\uff08Edouard Drumont\uff09\u5199\u4f5c\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u6587\u8bba\uff0c\u8fd8\u521b\u529e\u4e86\u53cd\u72b9\u540c\u76df\uff08Ligue antis\u00e9mitique\uff09\uff0c\u8be5\u540c\u76df\u540e\u6765\u7531\u5112\u52d2\u00b7\u76d6\u5170\uff08Jules Gu\u00e9rin\uff09\u63a5\u624b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5e03\u6717\u70ed\u8fd0\u52a8\u53d1\u7aef\u4e8e1887\u5e74\uff0c\u90a3\u5e74\u5e03\u6717\u70ed\u5c06\u519b\u906d\u5230\u7f62\u514d\uff0c\u5c1a\u672a\u4ece\u519b\u4e2d\u9000\u5f79\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u4e8e1889\u5e74\u5728\u5df4\u9ece\u88ab\u9009\u4e3a\u8bae\u5458\u3002\u5e03\u6717\u70ed\u4e3b\u4e49\u5f53\u65f6\u88ab\u53cd\u5bf9\u8005\u4eec\u89c6\u4e3a\u51ef\u6492\u4e3b\u4e49\u6216\u6ce2\u62ff\u5df4\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u53d8\u4f53\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d7\u5230\u70ed\u70c8\u62e5\u6234\u7684\u519b\u4e8b\u9996\u957f\u5ba3\u79f0\u81ea\u5df1\u4ee3\u8868\u4eba\u6c11\u53d1\u8a00\uff0c\u5984\u56fe\u593a\u53d6\u6743\u529b\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u7eb2\u9886\u603b\u7ed3\u4e3a\u4e09\u4e2a\u8bcd\u201c\u89e3\u4f53\u3001\u4fee\u6b63\u3001\u5236\u5baa\u201d\uff0c\u5176\u6700\u7ec8\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u6539\u53d8\u88ab\u4ed6\u89c6\u4e3a\u4f4e\u6548\u3001\u8150\u5316\u3001\u7531\u9694\u7edd\u4e8e\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u5be1\u5934\u6240\u5784\u65ad\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u3002\u6700\u521d\u4ed6\u4ec5\u53d7\u90a3\u4e9b\u8ba4\u4e3a1875\u5e74\u7684\u5236\u5baa\u59a5\u534f\u4e0d\u591f\u5171\u548c\u7684\u6781\u5de6\u7ffc\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u4f46\u968f\u540e\u5e03\u6717\u70ed\u9010\u6e10\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u53cd\u5bf9\u8bae\u4f1a\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u7684\u52bf\u529b\u7684\u62e5\u62a4\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6ce2\u62ff\u5df4\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u3001\u541b\u4e3b\u6d3e\u3001\u53cd\u4e16\u4fd7\u5316\u7684\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img 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src=\"https:\/\/i04piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/d2f1aac5352997e5\" 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libre parole\uff09\uff0c\u53c2\u4e0e\u4e86\u4ece\u5df4\u62ff\u9a6c\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5230\u5fb7\u96f7\u798f\u65af\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u573a\u53cd\u72b9\u8fd0\u52a8\u30021889\u5e749\u6708\u5728\u5e03\u6717\u70ed\u4e3b\u4e49\u84ec\u52c3\u53d1\u5c55\u3001\u8bae\u4f1a\u9009\u4e3e\u4e34\u8fd1\u4e4b\u9645\uff0c\u53cd\u72b9\u540c\u76df\u6210\u529f\u521b\u5efa\uff0c\u5fb7\u5f8b\u8499\u548c\u96c5\u514b\u00b7\u5fb7\u6bd4\u4e9a\u5179\uff08Jacques de Biez\uff09\u62c5\u4efb\u4e3b\u5e2d\uff0c\u4f46\u968f\u540e\u5728\u5e03\u6717\u70ed\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u72c2\u6f6e\u4e2d\u53cd\u72b9\u8fd0\u52a8\u9010\u6e10\u8fb9\u7f18\u5316\uff0c\u76f4\u52301897\u5e74\u53cd\u72b9\u540c\u76df\u624d\u91cd\u7115\u6d3b\u529b\uff0c\u65b0\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u662f\u5112\u52d2\u00b7\u76d6\u5170\uff0c\u4e00\u4f4d\u54c1\u884c\u4e0d\u7aef\u3001\u8d1f\u503a\u7d2f\u7d2f\u7684\u7834\u4ea7\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u4ee5\u5c0f\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u634d\u536b\u8005\u81ea\u5c45\u800c\u53cd\u6297\u201c\u5de8\u5934\u201d\u3002\u540c\u76df\u516c\u5f00\u5ba3\u79f0\u5176\u76ee\u6807\u4e3a\uff1a\u65e0\u9636\u7ea7\u5dee\u522b\u5730\u4fdd\u62a4\u201c\u56fd\u6c11\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u201d\u5bf9\u6297\u5916\u56fd\u7ade\u4e89\u8005\uff1b\u4ece\u201c\u72b9\u592a\u67b7\u9501\u201d\u4e2d\u89e3\u653e\u6cd5\u5170\u897f\u6c11\u65cf\uff1b\u7981\u6b62\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u62c5\u4efb\u4e00\u5207\u516c\u804c\uff0c\u201c\u76f4\u5230\u5265\u593a\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6cd5\u5170\u897f\u516c\u6c11\u6743\u201d\u3002\u53cd\u72b9\u540c\u76df\u62e5\u6709\u6570\u4e07\u652f\u6301\u8005\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u5b98\u65b9\u520a\u7269\u300a\u53cd\u72b9\u300b\uff08L\u2019Anti-juif\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u57281898-1899\u5e74\u56e0\u5fb7\u96f7\u798f\u65af\u4e8b\u4ef6\u800c\u8fbe\u5230\u9876\u70b9\u30021898\u5e745\u5e74\u5fb7\u5f8b\u8499\u8fd8\u5728\u963f\u5c14\u53ca\u5229\u4e9a\u5f53\u9009\u8bae\u5458\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u8bae\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u7684\u201c\u53cd\u72b9\u56e2\u4f53\u201d\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u540c\u76df\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\u7684\u9009\u5740\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u76d6\u5170\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u9ad8\u7b49\u6cd5\u9662\u5ba1\u5224\uff0c\u5728\u4ed6\u88ab\u5224\u5211\u540e\u8fd9\u573a\u8fd0\u52a8\u4fbf\u51b7\u5374\u4e86\u4e0b\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u573a\u8fd0\u52a8\u65e2\u662f\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\uff08\u96c5\u5229\u5b89\u6cd5\u5170\u897f\u4eba 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Rocque\uff09\u4e0a\u6821\u7684\u6cd5\u5170\u897f\u793e\u4f1a\u515a\uff08Parti social 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src=\"https:\/\/i02piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/90e70fbaa5d1b226\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u8001\u52d2\u5e9e\uff0c2006\u5e74<\/p>\n<p>\u56fd\u6c11\u9635\u7ebf\u524d\u9014\u5982\u4f55\uff1f\u4e0e\u524d\u6587\u8bba\u53ca\u7684\u5e03\u6717\u70ed\u8fd0\u52a8\u3001\u53cd\u72b9\u8fd0\u52a8\u548c\u5e03\u70ed\u5fb7\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4eba\u4eec\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u76ee\u7779\u7c7b\u4f3c\u73b0\u8c61\u5728\u6cd5\u56fd\u624e\u4e0b\u4e86\u6839\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u672a\u6765\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u8bf8\u591a\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u662f\u56fd\u5bb6\u7ecf\u6d4e\u72b6\u51b5\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u8986\u76d6\u5168\u56fd\u5404\u5730\uff0c\u6240\u5438\u7eb3\u7684\u793e\u4f1a-\u804c\u4e1a\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e4b\u5e7f\u662f\u5148\u524d\u5e03\u70ed\u5fb7\u8fd0\u52a8\u65e0\u6cd5\u76f8\u6bd4\u7684\u3002\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u6c11\u7cb9\u8fd0\u52a8\u6240\u5ba3\u79f0\u7684\u201c\u65e2\u975e\u5de6\u6d3e\u4e5f\u975e\u53f3\u6d3e\u201d\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e3b\u5f20\u81ea\u5df1\u624d\u662f\u201c\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u53f3\u6d3e\u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u5176\u6700\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5bf9\u624b\u662f\u5f53\u6743\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\u53f3\u6d3e\u3001\u201c\u5047\u53f3\u6d3e\u201d\uff0c\u8a93\u8981\u634d\u536b\u6cd5\u5170\u897f\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u79cd\u65cf-\u6587\u5316\u8ba4\u540c\u3002\u50cf\u52d2\u5e9e\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u653f\u515a\u9886\u8896\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u57281980\u5e74\u4ee3\u4ece\u5929\u800c\u964d\u7684\uff0c\u56fd\u6c11\u9635\u7ebf\u7684\u5ba3\u4f20\u6a21\u5f0f\u8ba9\u4eba\u4e0d\u7981\u56de\u60f3\u8d771930\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5728\u6cd5\u56fd\u7528\u6c11\u7cb9\u4e3b\u4e49\uff08\u6297\u8bae\u578b\uff09\u548c\u6c11\u65cf-\u6c11\u7cb9\u4e3b\u4e49\uff08\u8ba4\u540c\u578b\uff09\u6bd4\u7528\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u4e3b\u4e49\u66f4\u6613\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u52d2\u5e9e\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u6bd5\u7adf\u5b83\u5e76\u975e\u9759\u6001\u4e0d\u53d8\u7684\uff0c\u8c01\u4e5f\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u8981\u662f\u5b83\u771f\u7684\u6267\u653f\u540e\u4f1a\u600e\u4e48\u6837\uff0c\u662f\u5357\u975e\u5f0f\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u9694\u79bb\u653f\u4f53\uff0c\u6392\u5916\u7684\u65b0\u6ce2\u62ff\u5df4\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u66b4\u6c11\u653f\u6cbb\uff1f\u65e0\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u52d2\u5e9e\u4e3b\u4e49\u662f\u4e0e\u5171\u548c\u4e3b\u4e49\u4f20\u7edf\u76f8\u51b3\u88c2\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u548c\u5e03\u6717\u70ed\u4e3b\u4e49\u6216\u5e03\u70ed\u5fb7\u4e3b\u4e49\u90fd\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5bf91789\u5e74\u7cbe\u795e\u7684\u62d2\u65a5\u4f3c\u4e4e\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5176\u770b\u505a\u201c\u53cd\u5927\u9769\u547d\u201d\uff08Contre-R\u00e9volution\uff09\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u53d8\u79cd\uff0c\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5927\u4f17\u6cd5\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e86\u795e\u5723\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u5bf9\u4e0d\u65ad\u52a0\u901f\u7684\u5168\u7403\u5316\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u6df7\u4e71\u540e\u679c\u7684\u53cd\u52a8\uff0c\u53d7\u76ca\u4e8e\u5176\u5f15\u53d1\u7684\u79cd\u79cd\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u50cf\u5f53\u5e74\u7684\u53cd\u9769\u547d\u90a3\u6837\u53d6\u5f97\u6682\u65f6\u7684\u80dc\u5229\u3002<\/p>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section>2\u3001<strong>\u4f3c\u8fd1\u5b9e\u8fdc\uff1a<\/strong><strong>\u6cd5\u56fd\u56fd\u6c11\u9635\u7ebf\u4e0e\u5171\u548c\u515a\uff082007-2017\uff09<\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<p><em>\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a<\/em><em>Florence Haegel and Nonna Mayer<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u5f53\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u7b2c\u4e09\u6ce2\u201d\u6781\u53f3\u7ffc\u653f\u515a\u4e8e1980\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\u5174\u8d77\uff0c\u4fbf\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u805a\u7126\u4e8e\u5176\u5174\u8d77\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u4eec\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u653f\u515a\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4e0d\u4f46\u5b58\u6d3b\u4e86\u4e0b\u6765\u8fd8\u4ece\u8fb9\u7f18\u8d70\u5411\u4e3b\u6d41\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u8fd8\u80fd\u8fdb\u5165\u653f\u5e9c\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u4e5f\u9010\u6e10\u5f00\u59cb\u7528far right\u6216populist radical right(PRR)\u800c\u975eextreme right\u6765\u6307\u79f0\u6781\u53f3\u7ffc\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u5173\u952e\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u6781\u53f3\u7ffc\u5bf9\u73b0\u5b58\u653f\u515a\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u4ee5\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u201c\u4f7f\u4e3b\u6d41\u5ddd\u666e\u5316\u201d\uff08trumping the mainstream\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6cd5\u5170\u897f\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u5c24\u4e3a\u6709\u8da3\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u56fd\u6c11\u9635\u7ebf\u662f\u6b27\u6d32\u6700\u8001\u724c\u3001\u6700\u6210\u529f\u7684\u6781\u53f3\u653f\u515a\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4e5f\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e00\u7c7b\u653f\u515a\u7684\u6a21\u677f\u3002\u7136\u800c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u56fd\u6c11\u9635\u7ebf\u5728\u9009\u4e3e\u4e2d\u8868\u73b0\u5f3a\u52b2\uff0c\u4f46\u56e0\u4e3a\u6cd5\u56fd\u591a\u6570\u81f3\u4e0a\u7684\u9009\u4e3e\u4f53\u5236\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5931\u8c03\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u8bae\u4f1a\u4e2d\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u5e76\u4e0d\u5927\u3002\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u4e4b\u5904\u8fd8\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u4e3b\u6d41\u53f3\u7ffc\u653f\u515a\u91c7\u53d6\u4e86\u8c03\u548c\u7b56\u7565\u4e0e\u5bf9\u6297\u7b56\u7565\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f4\u957f\u671f\u4ee5\u6765\u56fd\u6c11\u9635\u7ebf\u7684\u9009\u4e3e\u6210\u529f\u5e76\u672a\u6253\u7834\u539f\u6709\u7684\u4e24\u6781\u5316\u653f\u515a\u683c\u5c40\u3002\u4f462017\u5e74\u4e8b\u60c5\u8d77\u4e86\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u81ea\u739b\u4e3d\u5a1c\u00b7\u52d2\u5e9e\uff08Marine Le Pen\uff092011\u5e74\u63a5\u624b\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u8be5\u515a\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u524d\u6240\u672a\u6709\u7684\u9009\u4e3e\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u57282014\u5e74\u7684\u6b27\u6d32\u8bae\u4f1a\u9009\u4e3e\u548c2015\u5e74\u7684\u7701\u548c\u5927\u533a\u9009\u4e3e\u4e2d\uff0c\u56fd\u6c11\u9635\u7ebf\u90fd\u4e00\u8def\u9886\u5148\uff0c\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e86\u4e3b\u6d41\u5de6\u7ffc\u548c\u53f3\u7ffc\u653f\u515a\u30022017\u5e74\u5927\u9009\u66f4\u6253\u7834\u4e86\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u5de6\u53f3\u79e9\u5e8f\uff0c\u52d2\u5e9e\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8f6e\u4e2d\u5bf9\u9635\u653f\u6cbb\u65b0\u4eba\u9a6c\u514b\u9f99\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5927\u7ea61100\u4e07\u9009\u7968\uff0c\u5f97\u7968\u7387\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e09\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5979\u6700\u7ec8\u5931\u8d25\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4f9d\u7136\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u6cd5\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u7248\u56fe\u7684\u91cd\u7ec4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u805a\u7126\u4ece2007\u5e74\u5927\u9009\u52302017\u5e74\u5927\u9009\u4e4b\u95f4\u56fd\u6c11\u9635\u7ebf\u4e0e\u4e3b\u6d41\u53f3\u7ffc\u653f\u515a\u5171\u548c\u515a\uff08Les R\u00e9publicains, LR\uff0c\u524d\u4eba\u6c11\u8fd0\u52a8\u8054\u76df\uff0cex-UMP\uff09\u7684\u4e92\u52a8\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u91cd\u70b9\u63a2\u7a76\u4e24\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u653f\u515a\u5728\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u878d\u5408\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5305\u62ec\u4e3b\u6d41\u9002\u5e94\u6fc0\u8fdb\u6d3e\u4e0e\u6fc0\u8fdb\u6d3e\u6e29\u548c\u5316\u4ee5\u9760\u8fd1\u4e3b\u6d41\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff1b\u5176\u6b21\u662f\u515a\u6d3e\u5206\u88c2\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5305\u62ec\u515a\u5185\u5206\u88c2\u6210\u4e0d\u540c\u6d3e\u7cfb\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u515a\u5185\u7cbe\u82f1\u3001\u666e\u901a\u515a\u5458\u4ee5\u53ca\u9009\u6c11\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u9884\u671f\u548c\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u7acb\u573a\u5206\u88c2\u3002\u4f9b\u7ed9\u4fa7\u662f\u653f\u515a\uff08\u515a\u6d3e\u7acb\u573a\u3001\u4ee3\u7406\u673a\u6784\u548c\u7b56\u7565\uff09\uff0c\u9700\u6c42\u4fa7\u662f\u9009\u6c11\uff08\u9009\u6c11\u504f\u597d\uff09\uff0c\u53cc\u65b9\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u76f8\u4e92\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u672c\u6587\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u8003\u5bdf\u653f\u515a\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u63a2\u7a76\u56fd\u6c11\u9635\u7ebf\u7684\u6b63\u5e38\u5316\u7b56\u7565\u548c\u5171\u548c\u515a\u7684\u9002\u5e94\u7b56\u7565\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u52a0\u5267\u4e86\u5404\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u5206\u88c2\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206\u5c06\u8003\u5bdf\u4e24\u515a\u5404\u81ea\u9009\u6c11\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\u548c\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u53ca\u5176\u6f14\u53d8\uff0c\u8bba\u8bc1\u4e24\u8005\u95f4\u878d\u5408\u4e0e\u5206\u6b67\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/i02piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/b3c0731e9b889f44\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u6cd5\u56fd\u56fd\u6c11\u9635\u7ebf\uff08Front National\uff09\u5982\u4eca\u5df2\u6539\u540d\u4e3a\u56fd\u6c11\u8054\u76df\uff08Rassemblement National\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u4e4d\u4e00\u770b\uff0c\u56fd\u6c11\u9635\u7ebf\u548c\u5171\u548c\u515a\u662f\u8d8a\u8d70\u8d8a\u8fd1\u4e86\u3002\u739b\u4e3d\u5a1c\u52d2\u5e9e2011\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\u91c7\u53d6\u4e86\u53bb\u5996\u9b54\u5316\u7b56\u7565\u4ee5\u7ed9\u5176\u8fd0\u52a8\u6811\u7acb\u66f4\u6b63\u9762\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\uff0c\u8428\u79d1\u9f50\u5219\u81ea2007\u5e74\u8d77\u9009\u62e9\u6fc0\u8fdb\u5316\u8def\u7ebf\u4ee5\u4e89\u53d6\u6781\u53f3\u7ffc\u9009\u6c11\uff0c\u8fd9\u5728\u4e24\u515a\u5185\u90fd\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u5206\u88c2\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u52d2\u5e9e\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u6446\u8131\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u53cd\u72b9\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u6781\u7aef\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u6807\u7b7e\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u56fd\u6c11\u9635\u7ebf\u4e5f\u662f\u201c\u4e00\u4e2a\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u515a\u6d3e\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u653f\u515a\u201d\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u65b0\u62db\uff0c\u57281989\u5e74\u65f6\u5176\u7236\u8ba9-\u9a6c\u5229\u00b7\u52d2\u5e9e\u5c31\u5728\u53d1\u8868\u4e8e\u300a\u4e16\u754c\u62a5\u300b\uff08Le Monde\uff09\u7684\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u7387\u5148\u63d0\u51fa\u201c\u53bb\u5996\u9b54\u5316\u201d\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u5bf9\u90a3\u4e9b\u4f7f\u8be5\u515a\u5996\u9b54\u5316\u3001\u975e\u6cd5\u5316\u7684\u4eba\u4e88\u4ee5\u56de\u51fb\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u56fd\u6c11\u9635\u7ebf\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u4ece\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u5c31\u662f\u6a21\u68f1\u4e24\u53ef\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u6b63\u5e38\u5316\u548c\u53cd\u53db\u3001\u4ece\u4f17\u4e0e\u81ea\u6211\u5f70\u663e\u4e4b\u95f4\u6447\u6446\uff0c\u8fd9\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5176\u9762\u5bf9\u7684\u53d7\u4f17\u548c\u60c5\u5883\u5982\u4f55\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e24\u9762\u6d3e\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u5185\u90e8\u5371\u673a\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u6fc0\u8fdb\u7684\u53cd\u4f53\u5236\u7acb\u573a\u80fd\u5438\u5f15\u5f88\u591a\u9009\u6c11\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u593a\u53d6\u5b98\u65b9\u6743\u529b\u7684\u9700\u8981\u53c8\u8feb\u4f7f\u5b83\u91c7\u53d6\u66f4\u4f53\u5236\u5316\u3001\u4e13\u4e1a\u5316\u7684\u6e29\u548c\u7acb\u573a\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u6ce2\u6b63\u5e38\u5316\u5f00\u59cb\u4e8e\u56fd\u6c11\u9635\u7ebf\u521b\u7acb\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u521b\u7acb\u8be5\u653f\u515a\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u8ba9\u65b0\u79e9\u5e8f\uff08Nouveau Ordre\uff09\u8fd9\u4e00\u6781\u53f3\u7ffc\u56e2\u4f53\u5f97\u4ee5\u540d\u6b63\u8a00\u987a\u5730\u53c2\u4e0e\u8bae\u4f1a\u7ade\u9009\uff0c\u6b63\u5e38\u5316\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u5c31\u662f\u9009\u62e9\u8001\u52d2\u5e9e\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4f4d1956\u5e74\u5e03\u70ed\u5fb7\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e2d\u7684\u524d\u8bae\u5458\u4f5c\u4e3a\u9886\u8896\uff0c\u4ed6\u8fd8\u66fe\u57281956\u5e74\u603b\u7edf\u5927\u9009\u671f\u95f4\u62c5\u4efb\u4eb2\u6cd5\u7684\u963f\u5c14\u53ca\u5229\u4e9a\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u97e6\u5357\u5e93\u5c14\uff08Jean-Louis Tixier-Vignancour\uff09\u7684\u7ade\u9009\u7ecf\u7406\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4e24\u5e74\u8fd8\u4e0d\u5230\uff0c\u65b0\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4eec\u5c31\u79bb\u5f00\u4e86\u56fd\u6c11\u9635\u7ebf\u8f6c\u800c\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u66f4\u4eb2\u8fd1\u4e3b\u6d41\u53f3\u7ffc\u7684\u65b0\u529b\u91cf\u515a\uff08Parti des forces nouvelles\uff09\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6ce2\u6b63\u5e38\u5316\u53d1\u751f\u4e8e1998-1999\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u56fd\u6c11\u9635\u7ebf\u7684\u4e8c\u53f7\u4eba\u7269\u5e03\u5415\u8bfa\u00b7\u6885\u683c\u83b1\uff08Bruno M\u00e9gret\uff09\u4e3b\u5f20\u4e3a\u4e86\u638c\u6743\u800c\u548c\u4e3b\u6d41\u53f3\u7ffc\u7ed3\u6210\u8054\u76df\uff0c\u8be5\u7b56\u7565\u53d7\u5230\u8001\u52d2\u5e9e\u7684\u6fc0\u70c8\u53cd\u5bf9\uff0c\u4e24\u4eba\u7684\u4e89\u6267\u518d\u6b21\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u5206\u88c2\uff0c\u9020\u5c31\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u77ed\u547d\u7684\u65b0\u515a\u6d3e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6ce2\u6b63\u5e38\u5316\u59cb\u4e8e2011\u5e74\uff0c\u739b\u4e3d\u5a1c\u00b7\u52d2\u5e9e\u63a5\u66ff\u5176\u7236\u51fa\u4efb\u515a\u9b41\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u6700\u5927\u9650\u5ea6\u5730\u5438\u5f15\u9009\u7968\uff0c\u5979\u575a\u51b3\u4e0e\u7236\u4eb2\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u6781\u7aef\u7acb\u573a\u5212\u6e05\u754c\u9650\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u53cd\u72b9\u601d\u60f3\u3002\u50cf\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u6885\u683c\u83b1\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5979\u57282010\u5e744\u6708\u7ec4\u5efa\u4e86\u667a\u5e93\u201c\u601d\u60f3\u4e0e\u6c11\u65cf\u201d\uff08Id\u00e9es-Nations\uff09\u4ee5\u62db\u63fd\u5b66\u8005\u548c\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u3002\u5979\u8fd8\u57282012\u5e745\u6708\u521b\u7acb\u4e86\u65b0\u7ec4\u7ec7\u201c\u739b\u4e3d\u5a1c\u7684\u84dd\u8272\u8054\u76df\u201d\uff08Rassemblement Bleu Marine\uff09\u4ee5\u5438\u5f15\u5e76\u4e0d\u96b6\u5c5e\u8be5\u515a\u7684\u5916\u754c\u4eba\u58eb\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u9971\u53d7\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\u6781\u5de6\u7ffc\u5e02\u957f\u7f57\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u6885\u7eb3\u5c14\uff08Robert M\u00e9nard\uff09\u3002\u52d2\u5e9e\u8fd8\u60f3\u8ba9\u56fd\u6c11\u9635\u7ebf\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ea\u5173\u6ce8\u79fb\u6c11\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5229\u57fa\u515a\uff08niche party\uff09\u8f6c\u578b\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u6ce8\u8bae\u9898\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u653f\u515a\uff08generalist 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Mar\u00e9chal-Le Pen\uff09\u548c\u4e3b\u5f20\u8131\u6b27\u7684\u6234\u9ad8\u4e50\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u3001\u5171\u548c\u6d3e\u4eba\u58eb\u5f17\u6d1b\u91cc\u5b89\u00b7\u83f2\u5229\u6ce2\u7279\uff08Florian 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src=\"https:\/\/i01piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/5fa23b2e86bde9a6\" 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Buisson\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7b56\u7565\u57282007\u5e74\u5927\u9009\u4e2d\u53d6\u5f97\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u56fd\u6c11\u9635\u7ebf\u7684\u5f97\u7968\u7387\u53ea\u6709\u5927\u7ea610%\uff0c\u4f46\u57282010\u5e743\u6708\u7684\u5927\u533a\u9009\u4e3e\u4e2d\u4eba\u6c11\u8fd0\u52a8\u8054\u76df\u5374\u906d\u9047\u5931\u5229\uff0c\u56fd\u6c11\u9635\u7ebf\u572822\u4e2a\u5927\u533a\u4e2d\u768412\u4e2a\u90fd\u6740\u8fdb\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8f6e\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u8428\u79d1\u9f50\u518d\u6b21\u52a0\u5f3a\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u6fc0\u8fdb\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u5728\u683c\u52d2\u8bfa\u5e03\u5c14\uff08Grenoble\uff09\u7684\u6f14\u8bb2\u4e2d\u4ed6\u5f3a\u8c03\u201c\u6c11\u65cf\u8eab\u4efd\u8ba4\u540c\u201d\uff0c\u627f\u8bfa\u5728\u4e09\u4e2a\u6708\u5185\u62c6\u9664\u6240\u6709\u7f57\u59c6\u4eba\u7684\u975e\u6cd5\u8425\u5e10\uff0c\u5bf9\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3001\u79e9\u5e8f\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u91c7\u53d6\u66f4\u5f3a\u786c\u7684\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u88ad\u8b66\u8005\u5c06\u88ab\u5265\u593a\u6cd5\u56fd\u56fd\u7c4d\u3002\u4eba\u6c11\u8fd0\u52a8\u8054\u76df\u79d8\u4e66\u957f\u8ba9-\u5f17\u6717\u7d22\u74e6\u00b7\u79d1\u4f69\uff08Jean-Fran\u00e7ois 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